概要篇注
Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa
Mahākāruṇikaṃ nāthaṃ, ñeyya-sāgara-pāraguṃ;
vande nipuṇa-gambhīra-vicitra-naya-desanaṃ.
Vijjācaraṇasampannā, yena niyyanti lokato;
vande tam uttamaṃ dhammaṃ, Sammāsambuddhapūjitaṃ.
Sīlādiguṇasampanno, ṭhito maggaphalesu yo;
vande ariyasaṅghaṃ taṃ, puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ.
Vandanājanitaṃ puññaṃ, iti yaṃ ratanattaye;
hatantarāyo sabbattha, hutvā’haṃ tassa tejasā.
Ṭhitiṃ ākaṅkhamānena, ciraṃ saddhammanettiyā;
Dhammarakkhitanāmena, therena abhiyācito.
Padumuttara-nāthassa, pādamūle pavattitaṃ;
passatā abhinīhāraṃ, sampattaṃ yassa matthakaṃ.
Saṃkhittaṃ vibhajantānaṃ, eso aggo ti tādinā;
ṭhapito etadaggasmiṃ, yo mahāsāvakuttamo.
Chaḷabhiñño vasippatto, pabhinna-paṭisambhido;
Mahākaccāyano thero, sambuddhena pasaṃsito.
Tena yā bhāsitā Netti, satthārā anumoditā;
sāsanassa sadāyattā, navaṅgass’atthavaṇṇanā.
Tassā gambhīra-ñāṇehi, ogāhetabba-bhāvato;
kiñcāpi dukkarā kātuṃ, atthasaṃvaṇṇanā mayā.
Saha saṃvaṇṇanaṃ yasmā, dharate satthusāsanaṃ;
pubbācariya-sīhānaṃ, tiṭṭhat’eva vinicchayo.
Tasmā tam upanissāya, ogāhetvāna pañca pi;
nikāye peṭakenāpi, saṃsanditvā yathābalaṃ.
Suvisuddham asaṃkiṇṇaṃ, nipuṇattha-vinicchayaṃ;
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, samayaṃ avilomayaṃ.
Pamādalekhaṃ vajjetvā, pāḷiṃ sammā niyojayaṃ;
upadesaṃ vibhāvento, karissām’atthavaṇṇanaṃ.
Iti atthaṃ asaṅkiṇṇaṃ, Nettippakaraṇassa me;
vibhajantassa sakkaccaṃ, nisāmayatha sādhavo ti.
Tattha ken’aṭṭhena netti?
- Saddhammanayanaṭṭhena netti. Yathā hi taṇhā satte kāmādibhavaṃ nayatī ti “bhavanettī” ti vuccati, evam ayam pi veneyyasatte ariyadhammaṃ nayatī ti saddhammanayanaṭṭhena “nettī” ti vuccati.
- Atha vā nayanti tāyā ti netti. Nettippakaraṇena hi karaṇabhūtena dhammakathikā veneyyasatte dassanamaggaṃ nayanti sampāpentī ti.
- Nīyanti vā ettha etasmiṃ pakaraṇe adhiṭṭhānabhūte patiṭṭhāpetvā veneyyā nibbānaṃ sampāpiyantī ti netti. Na hi netti-upadesa-sannissayena vinā aviparītasuttatthāvabodho sambhavati. Tathā hi vuttaṃ – “tasmā nibbāyitukāmenā” ti ādi. Sabbā pi hi suttassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanā netti-upadesāyattā, netti ca suttappabhavā, suttaṃ Sammāsambuddhappabhavan ti.
Sā panāyaṃ netti pakaraṇa-paricchedato tippabhedā hāra-naya-paṭṭhānānaṃ vasena. Paṭhamañ hi hāravicāro, tato nayavicāro, pacchā paṭṭhānavicāro ti. Pāḷi-vavatthānato pana Saṅgahavāra-Vibhāgavāravasena duvidhā. Sabbā pi hi netti Saṅgahavāro Vibhāgavāro ti vāra-dvayam eva hoti.
Tattha Saṅgahavāro ādito pañcahi gāthāhi paricchinno. Sabbo hi pakaraṇattho “yaṃ loko pūjayate” ti ādīhi pañcahi gāthāhi apariggahito nāma natthi. Nanu c’ettha paṭṭhānaṃ asaṅgahitan ti? Na yidam evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, mūlapadaggahaṇena paṭṭhānassa saṅgahitattā. Tathā hi vakkhati – “aṭṭhārasa mūlapadā kuhiṃ daṭṭhabbā sāsanapaṭṭhāne” ti. Mūlapada-paṭṭhānāni hi atthanaya-saṅkhārattikā viya aññamaññaṃ saṅgahitāni.
Vibhāgavāro pana Uddesa-Niddesa-Paṭiniddesa-vasena tividho.
- Tesu “tattha katame soḷasa hārā” ti ārabhitvā yāva “bhavanti aṭṭhārasa padānī” ti ayaṃ Uddesavāro.
- “Assādādīnavatā” ti ārabhitvā yāva “tettiṃsā ettikā nettī” ti ayaṃ Niddesavāro.
- Paṭiniddesavāro pana Hāravibhaṅgavāro Hārasampātavāro Nayasamuṭṭhānavāro Sāsanapaṭṭhānavāro ti catubbidho.
- Tesu “tattha katamo desanāhāro” ti ārabhitvā yāva “ayaṃ pahānena samāropanā” ti ayaṃ Hāravibhaṅgavāro.
- Tattha “katamo desanāhārasampāto” ti ārabhitvā yāva “anupādisesā ca nibbānadhātū” ti ayaṃ Hārasampātavāro.
Etth’āha – Hāravibhaṅga-Hārasampātavārānaṃ kiṃ nānākaraṇan ti? Vuccate – yattha anekehi pi udāharaṇasuttehi eko hāro niddisīyati, ayaṃ hāravibhaṅgavāro, yattha pana ekasmiṃ sutte aneke hārā sampatanti, ayaṃ hārasampātavāro. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Peṭake –
“Yattha ca sabbe hārā, sampatamānā nayanti suttatthaṃ;
byañjanavidhiputhuttā, sā bhūmī Hārasampāto” ti.
Nayasamuṭṭhāna-Sāsanapaṭṭhāna-vāra-vibhāgo pākaṭo eva. Sāsanapaṭṭhānavāro pana Saṅgahavāre viya Uddesa-Niddesavāresu pi na sarūpato uddhaṭo ti.
Etth’āha – “idaṃ Nettippakaraṇaṃ mahāsāvakabhāsitaṃ, Bhagavatā anumoditan” ti ca katham etaṃ viññāyatī ti? Pāḷito eva. Na hi pāḷito aññaṃ pamāṇataraṃ atthi. Yā hi catūhi mahāpadesehi aviruddhā pāḷi, sā pamāṇaṃ. Tathā hi agarahitāya ācariyaparamparāya Peṭakopadeso viya idaṃ Nettippakaraṇaṃ ābhataṃ. Yadi evaṃ kasmā’ssa nidānaṃ na vuttaṃ? Sāvakabhāsitānam pi hi Subhasutta- (dī. ni. 1.444 ādayo) Anaṅgaṇasutta- (ma. ni. 1.57 ādayo) Kaccāyanasaṃyuttādīnaṃ nidānaṃ bhāsitan ti? Na yidaṃ ekantikaṃ. Sāvakabhāsitānaṃ Buddhabhāsitānam pi hi ekaccānaṃ Paṭisambhidāmagga-Niddesādīnaṃ Dhammapada-Buddhavaṃsādīnañ ca nidānaṃ na bhāsitaṃ, na ca tāvatā tāni appamāṇaṃ, evam idhāpi daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Nidānañ ca nāma suttavinayānaṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārika-Upālittherādīhi mahāsāvakeh’eva bhāsitaṃ, idañ ca mahāsāvakabhāsitaṃ, theraṃ muñcitvā anaññavisayattā imissā vicāraṇāyā ti kim etena nidānagavesanena, attho yev’ettha gavesitabbo, yo pāḷiyā aviruddho ti. Atha vā pāḷiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhāvato na imassa pakaraṇassa visuṃ nidānavacanakiccaṃ atthi, Paṭisambhidāmagga-Niddesādīnaṃ viyā ti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Idāni etasmiṃ pakaraṇe nānappakārakosallatthaṃ ayaṃ vibhāgo veditabbo –
- Sabbam eva c’etaṃ pakaraṇaṃ sāsanapariyeṭṭhi-bhāvato ekavidhaṃ, tathā ariyamaggasampādanato vimuttirasato ca.
- Byañjanattha-vicāra-bhāvato duvidhaṃ, tathā Saṅgaha-Vibhāgabhāvato dhamma-vinayatthasaṃvaṇṇanato lokiya-lokuttarattha-saṅgahaṇato rūpārūpadhamma-pariggāhakato lakkhaṇa-lakkhiya-bhāvato pavatti-nivatti-vacanato sabhāga-visabhāga-niddesato sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇa-dhamma-vibhāgato ca.
- Tividhaṃ puggalattaya-niddesato tividha-kalyāṇa-vibhāgato pariññattaya-kathanato pahānattayūpadesato sikkhattaya-saṅgahaṇato tividha-saṃkilesa-visodhanato mūlagīti-anugīti-saṅgīti-bhedato piṭakattayatthasaṃvaṇṇanato hāra-naya-paṭṭhāna-ppabhedato ca.
- Catubbidhaṃ catuppaṭisambhidā-visayato catunaya-desanato dhammattha-desanā-paṭivedha-gambhīra-bhāvato ca.
- Pañcavidhaṃ abhiññeyyādi-dhamma-vibhāgato pañcakkhandha-niddesato pañcagati-paricchedato pañcanikāyattha-vivaraṇato ca.
- Chabbidhaṃ chaḷārammaṇa-vibhāgato cha-ajjhattika-bāhirāyatana-vibhāgato ca.
- Sattavidhaṃ sattaviññāṇaṭṭhiti-paricchedato.
- Navavidhaṃ suttādi-navaṅga-niddesato.
- Cuddasavidhaṃ suttādhiṭṭhāna-vibhāgato.
- Soḷasavidhaṃ aṭṭhavīsatividhañ ca sāsanapaṭṭhāna-ppabhedato.
- Caturāsītisahassavidhaṃ caturāsītisahassa-dhammakkhandha-vicārabhāvato ti ādinā nayena pakaraṇavibhāgo veditabbo.
Tattha Sāsanapariyeṭṭhi-bhāvato ti sakalaṃ Nettippakaraṇaṃ sikkhattaya-saṅgahassa navaṅgassa satthu-sāsanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhāvato. Ariyamaggasampādanato ti dassanabhūmi-bhāvanābhūmi-sampādanato. Vimuttirasato ti sāsanassa amatapariyosānattā vuttaṃ. Byañjanattha-vicāra-bhāvato ti hārabyañjanapadakamma-nayānaṃ byañjanavicārattā atthapada-attha-nayānaṃ atthavicārattā vuttaṃ. Saṅgaha-vibhāgabhāvo parato āvibhavissati. Dhamma-vinayatthasaṃvaṇṇanato ti sakalassāpi pariyatti-sāsanassa dhammavinaya-bhāvato vuttaṃ. Lakkhaṇa-lakkhiyabhāvato ti nettivacanassa lakkhaṇattā udāharaṇasuttānañ ca lakkhiyattā vuttaṃ. Sabhāga-visabhāga-niddesato ti samānajātiyā dhammā sabhāgā, paṭipakkhā visabhāgā, taṃvicārabhāvato ti attho. Sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇa-dhamma-vibhāgato ti pahānekaṭṭha-sahajekaṭṭhatādi-sāmaññena ye dhammā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ nāmavatthādinā sādhāraṇā tabbidhuratāya asādhāraṇā ca, taṃvibhāgato duvidhan ti attho. Puggalattaya-niddesato ti ugghaṭitaññu-ādi puggalattaya-niddesato. Tividhakalyāṇavibhāgato ti ādikalyāṇādi-vibhāgato. Mūlagīti-anugīti-saṅgītibhedato ti paṭhamaṃ vacanaṃ mūlagīti, vuttass’eva atthassa saṅgahagāthā anugīti, taṃtaṃ-suttattha-yojanavasena vippakiṇṇassa pakaraṇassa saṅgāyanaṃ saṅgīti, sā therassa parato pavattitā ti veditabbā, etāsaṃ tissannaṃ bhedato tividhan ti attho. Pañcakkhandhaniddesato ti rūpādi-pañcakkhandha-sīlādi-pañcadhammakkhandha-niddesato pañcavidhan ti attho. Suttādhiṭṭhānavibhāgato ti lobhadosamohānaṃ alobhādosāmohānaṃ kāyavacīmanokammānaṃ saddhādi-pañcindriyānañ ca vasena cuddasavidhassa suttādhiṭṭhānassa vibhāgavacanato cuddasavidhan ti attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyan ti na papañcitaṃ.
1
Evaṃ anekabhedavibhatte Nettippakaraṇe yad idaṃ vuttaṃ “Saṅgaha-Vibhāgavāra-vasena duvidhan” ti, tattha Saṅgahavāro ādi. Tassāpi “yaṃ loko pūjayate” ti ayaṃ gāthā ādi. Tattha yan ti aniyamato upayoganiddeso, tassa “tassā” ti iminā niyamanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Loko ti kattuniddeso. Pūjayate ti kiriyāniddeso. Salokapālo ti kattuvisesanaṃ. Sadā ti kālaniddeso. Namassati cā ti upacayena kiriyāniddeso. Tassā ti sāminiddeso. Etan ti paccattaniddeso. Sāsanavaran ti paccattaniddesena niddiṭṭhadhamma-nidassanaṃ. Vidūhī ti karaṇavacanena kattuniddeso. Ñeyyan ti kammavācaka-kiriyāniddeso. Naravarassā ti “tassā” ti niyametvā dassitassa sarūpato dassanaṃ.
Tattha lokiyan ti ettha puññāpuññāni tabbipāko cā ti loko, pajā sattanikāyo ti attho. Loka-saddo hi jātisaddatāya sāmaññavasena niravasesato satte saṅgaṇhāti. Kiñcāpi hi lokasaddo saṅkhāra-bhājanesu pi diṭṭha-ppayogo, pūjana-kiriyā-yogya-bhūtatā-vasena pana sattalokavacano eva idha gahito ti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pūjayate ti mānayati apacāyatī ti attho.
Lokaṃ pālentī ti lokapālā, cattāro mahārājāno. Lokiyā pana Inda-Yama-Varuṇa-Kuverā lokapālā ti vadanti. Saha lokapālehī ti salokapālo, “loko” ti iminā tulyādhikaraṇaṃ. Atha vā issariyādhipaccena taṃtaṃ-sattalokassa pālanato rakkhaṇato khattiya-Catumahārāja-Sakka-Suyāma-Santusita-Sunimmita-Paranimmitavasavatti-Mahābrahmādayo lokapālā, tehi saha taṃtaṃ-sattanikāyo salokapālo loko ti vutto. Atha vā
“Dve’me, bhikkhave, sukkā dhammā lokaṃ pālentī” ti (a. ni. 2.9; itivu. 42)
vacanato hirottappadhammā lokapālā, tehi samannāgato loko salokapālo. Hirottappasampannā hi pāpagarahino sappurisā dhammacchandavantatāya Bhagavati pūjā-namakkāra-parā hontī ti.
Sadā ti sabbakālaṃ rattiñ c’eva divā ca. Sadā ti vā Bhagavato dharamānakāle tato parañ ca. Atha vā sadā ti abhinīhārato paṭṭhāya yāva sāsanantaradhānā, tato param pi vā. Mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya hi Mahābodhisattā bodhiyā niyatatāya buddhaṅkurabhūtā sadevakassa lokassa pūjanīyā c’eva vandanīyā ca honti. Yathāha Bhagavā Sumedhabhūto –
“Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
mama kammaṃ pakittetvā, dakkhiṇaṃ pādam uddhari.
“Ye tatthāsuṃ jinaputtā, padakkhiṇam akaṃsu maṃ;
devā manussā asurā ca, abhivādetvāna pakkamun” ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.75-76)
Namassati cā ti keci kesañci pūjā-sakkārādīni karontā pi tesaṃ apākaṭa-guṇatāya namakkāraṃ na karonti, na evaṃ Bhagavato, yathābhūta-abbhuggata-kittisaddatāya pana Bhagavantaṃ sadevako loko pūjayati c’eva namassati cā ti attho. “Sadā naramanusso” ti keci paṭhanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ.
Tassā ti yaṃ sadevako loko pūjayati c’eva namassati ca, tassa. Etan ti idāni vattabbaṃ buddhiyaṃ viparivattamānaṃ sāmaññena dasseti. Sāsanavaran ti taṃ sarūpato dasseti. Tattha diṭṭhadhammika-samparāyika-paramatthehi yathārahaṃ satte sāsati vineti etenā ti sāsanaṃ, tad eva ekanta-niyyānaṭṭhena anañña-sādhāraṇa-guṇatāya ca uttamaṭṭhena, taṃtaṃ-abhipatthita-samiddhi-hetutāya paṇḍitehi varitabbato vā varaṃ, sāsanam eva varan ti sāsanavaraṃ.
Vidūhī ti yathāsabhāvato kamma-kammaphalāni kusalādibhede ca dhamme vidantī ti vidū, paṇḍitamanussā, tehi. Ñātabbaṃ, ñāṇam arahatī ti vā ñeyyaṃ. Naravarassā ti purisavarassa aggapuggalassā ti attho.
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo anañña-sādhāraṇa-mahākaruṇā-sabbaññutaññāṇādi-guṇa-visesa-yogena sadevakena lokena pūjanīyo namassanīyo ca Bhagavā Arahaṃ Sammāsambuddho, tassa loke uttamapuggalassa etaṃ idāni amhehi vibhajitabba-hāra-naya-paṭṭhāna-vicāraṇa-visaya-bhūtaṃ sāsanaṃ ādikalyāṇatādi-guṇa-sampattiyā varaṃ aggaṃ uttamaṃ nipuṇa-ñāṇa-gocaratāya paṇḍita-vedanīyam evā ti.
Bhagavato hi vacanaṃ ekagāthāmattam pi sacca-paṭiccasamuppāda-khandhāyatana-dhātindriya-satipaṭṭhānādi-sabhāvadhamma-niddhāraṇa-kkhamatāya soḷasahāra-pañcanaya-soḷasa-aṭṭhavīsati-vidha-paṭṭhāna-vicāra-yogya-bhāvena ca paramagambhīraṃ atthato agādhapāraṃ saṇha-sukhuma-ñāṇavisayam evā ti. Ten’ev’āha –
“Paññavantassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo duppaññassā” ti. (dī. ni. 3.358; a. ni. 8.30)
Atha vā Bhagavato sāsanaṃ pariññā-kkamena lakkhaṇāvabodha-ppaṭipattiyā suññatamukhādīhi ogāhitabbattā aviññūnaṃ supinantena pi na visayo hotī ti āha – “vidūhi ñeyyan” ti. Tathā ca vuttaṃ – “etu viññū puriso” ti ādi.
Apare pana “taṃ tassa sāsanavaran” ti paṭhanti, tesaṃ matena yaṃ-saddo sāsana-saddena samānādhikaraṇo ti daṭṭhabbo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yaṃ sāsanavaraṃ salokapālo loko pūjayati namassati ca, taṃ sāsanavaraṃ vidūhi ñātabban ti. Imasmiñ ca naye lokapāla-saddena Bhagavā pi vuccati. Bhagavā hi lokagga-tāyakattā nippariyāyena lokapālo, tasmā “tassā” ti lokapālassa satthuno ti attho. Salokapālo ti c’ettha lokapāla-saddo guṇībhūto pi satthu-visayattā sāsana-saddāpekkhatāya sāmibhāvena sambandhī-visesa-bhūto padhāna-bhūto viya paṭiniddesaṃ arahatī ti.
Kathaṃ pana sayaṃ dhammassāmī Bhagavā dhammaṃ pūjayatī ti? Nāyaṃ virodho. Dhammagaruno hi buddhā bhagavanto, te sabbakālaṃ dhammaṃ apacāyamānā va viharantī ti. Vuttañ h’etaṃ –
“Yaṃ nūnāhaṃ yvāyaṃ dhammo mayā abhisambuddho, tam eva dhammaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyan” ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.173; a. ni. 4.21)
Api ca Bhagavato dhammapūjanā satta-sattāha-ppaṭipatti ādīhi dīpetabbā. Dhammassāmī ti ca dhammena sadevakassa lokassa sāmī ti attho, na dhammassa sāmī ti. Evam pi namassatī ti vacanaṃ na yujjati. Na hi Bhagavā kañci namassatī ti. Eso pi niddoso. Na hi namassatī ti padassa namakkāraṃ karotī ti ayam eva attho, atha kho garukaraṇena tanninno tappoṇo tappabbhāro ti ayam pi attho labbhati. Bhagavā ca dhammagarutāya sabbakālaṃ dhammaninna-poṇa-pabbhāra-bhāvena viharatī ti. Ayañ ca attho
“Yena sudaṃ svāhaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī” ti (ma. ni. 1.387)
evamādīhi suttapadehi dīpetabbo.
“Vidūhi neyyan” ti pi pāṭho, tassa paṇḍitehi sa-para-santānesu netabbaṃ pāpetabban ti attho. Tattha attasantāne pāpanaṃ bujjhanaṃ, parasantāne bodhanan ti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Evaṃ Bhagavato sadevakassa lokassa pūjanīya-vandanīya-bhāvo aggapuggalabhāvo ca vuccamāno guṇavisiṭṭhataṃ dīpeti, sā ca guṇavisiṭṭhatā mahābodhiyā veditabbā. Āsavakkhayañāṇa-padaṭṭhānañ hi sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇa-padaṭṭhānañ ca āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ “mahābodhī” ti vuccati. Sā aviparītadhamma-desanato Tathāgate suppatiṭṭhitā ti viññāyati. Na hi sa-vāsana-niravasesa-kilesappahānaṃ anāvaraṇa-ñāṇañ ca vinā tādisī dhammadesanā sambhavati. Icc assa catuvesārajja-yogo. Tena dasabala-cha-asādhāraṇañāṇa-aṭṭhārasāveṇika-buddhadhammādi-sakala-sabbaññuguṇa-pāripūrī pakāsitā hoti.
Etādisī ca guṇavibhūti mahākaruṇā-pubbaṅgamaṃ abhinīhāra-sampattiṃ purassaraṃ katvā sampāditaṃ samattiṃsa-pārami-saṅkhātaṃ puñña-ñāṇa-sambhāram antarena na upalabbhatī ti hetusampadā pi atthato vibhāvitā hotī ti. Evaṃ Bhagavato tīsu pi avatthāsu sabbasattānaṃ ekanta-hita-ppaṭilābha-hetu-bhūtā ādi-majjha-pariyosāna-kalyāṇā niravasesā buddhaguṇā imāya gāthāya pakāsitā ti veditabbaṃ.
Dutiyanaye pana yasmā sikkhattaya-saṅgahaṃ saphalaṃ ariyamagga-sāsanaṃ, tassa ārammaṇabhūtañ ca amatadhātuṃ, tadadhigamūpāyañ ca pubbabhāga-paṭipatti-sāsanaṃ, tadatthaparidīpanañ ca pariyatti-sāsanaṃ yathārahaṃ saccābhisamaya-vasena abhisamento svākkhātatādi-guṇa-visesa-yuttataṃ manasikaronto sakkaccaṃ savana-dhāraṇa-paripucchādīhi paricayaṃ karonto ca sadevako loko pūjayati nāma. Lokanātho ca sammāsambodhippattiyā veneyyānaṃ sakkaccaṃ dhammadesanena
“Ariyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhiṃ desessāmi” (ma. ni. 3.136; saṃ. ni. 5.28; peṭako. 24)
“Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho” (dha. pa. 273; kathā. 872; netti. 125; peṭako. 30)
“Yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ aggam akkhāyati” (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34)
“Khayaṃ virāgaṃ amataṃ paṇītaṃ” (khu. pā. 6.4; su. ni. 227)
“Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā” (dī. ni. 2.373; ma. ni. 1.106; saṃ. ni. 5.367)
“Dhammaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi ādikalyāṇan” ti (ma. ni. 3.420; netti. 5)
ādīhi vacanehi thomanena ca pūjayati nāma. Tasmā sāsanavarassa pūjanīyabhāvo idha vuccamāno anavasesato dhammaguṇe dīpetī ti. Ye ariyabhāvādayo niyyānādayo khayavirāgādayo mada-nimmadanādayo asaṅkhatādayo svākkhātatādayo ādikalyāṇatādayo ca anekehi suttapadehi paveditā aneke dhammaguṇā, te niravasesato imāya gāthāya pakāsitā ti veditabbā.
Yasmā pana ariyasaccappaṭivedhena samugghāṭita-sammohā yeva paramatthato paṇḍitā bālyādi-samatikkamanato, tasmā bhāvita-lokuttara-maggā sacchikata-sāmaññaphalā ca ariyapuggalā visesato vidū ti vuccanti. Te hi yathāvutta-sāsanavaraṃ aviparītato ñātuṃ, netuñ ca sa-para-santāne sakkuṇantī ti aṭṭha-ariyapuggala-samūhassa paramattha-saṅghassāpi idha gahitattā ye suppaṭipannatādayo anekehi suttapadehi saṃvaṇṇitā ariyasaṅghaguṇā, te pi niravasesato idha pakāsitā ti veditabbā.
2
Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya sātisayaṃ ratanattaya-guṇa-paridīpanaṃ katvā idāni –
“Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;
sacittapariyodapanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsanan” ti. (dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183; netti. 30, 50, 116, 124)
vacanato saṅkhepato sikkhattaya-saṅgahaṃ sāsanaṃ, taṃ pana sikkhattayaṃ ñāṇa-visesa-visaya-bhāva-bhedato avatthā-bhedato ca tividhaṃ hoti. Kathaṃ?
- Sutamaya-ñāṇa-gocaro ca yo “pariyatti-saddhammo” ti vuccati.
- Cintāmaya-ñāṇa-gocaro ca yo ākāra-parivitakka-diṭṭhi-nijjhāna-kkhantīhi gahetabbākāro vimuttāyatana-viseso “paṭipatti-saddhammo” ti vuccati.
- Vipassanā-ñāṇādi-sahagato bhāvanāmaya-ñāṇa-gocaro ca yo “paṭivedha-saddhammo” ti vuccati.
Evaṃ tividham pi sāsanaṃ sāsanavaran ti padena saṅgaṇhitvā tattha yaṃ paṭhamaṃ, taṃ itaresaṃ adhigamūpāyo ti sabbasāsana-mūla-bhūtaṃ attano pakaraṇassa ca visayabhūtaṃ pariyatti-sāsanam eva tāva saṅkhepato vibhajanto “dvādasa padānī” ti gātham āha.
Tattha dvādasā ti gaṇanaparicchedo. Padānī ti paricchinnadhamma-nidassanaṃ. Tesu byañjanapadāni pajjati attho etehī ti padāni. Atthapadāni pana pajjanti ñāyantī ti padāni. Ubhayam pi vā ubhayathā yojetabbaṃ: byañjanapadānam pi aviparītaṃ paṭipajjitabbattā, atthapadānaṃ uttarivisesādhigamassa kāraṇabhāvato, tāni padāni parato pāḷiyañ ñeva āvi bhavissantī ti tatth’eva vaṇṇayissāma. Attha-sūcanādi-atthato suttaṃ. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Saṅgahesu –
“Atthānaṃ sūcanato, suvuttato savanato’tha sūdanato;
suttāṇā-suttasabhāgato ca, ‘suttan’ ti akkhātan” ti. (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā; dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā)
Tad etaṃ tattha suttapiṭakavasena āgataṃ, idha pana piṭakattayavasena yojetabbaṃ. “Dvādasa padāni suttan” ti vuttaṃ, yaṃ pariyatti-sāsanan ti attho.
Taṃ sabban ti taṃ “suttan” ti vuttaṃ sakalaṃ buddhavacanaṃ. Byañjanañ ca attho cā ti byañjanañ c’eva tadattho ca, yato “dvādasa padāni suttan” ti vuttaṃ.
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – atthasūcanādito suttaṃ pariyattidhammo, tañ ca sabbaṃ atthato dvādasa padāni cha byañjanapadāni c’eva cha atthapadāni cā ti.
Atha vā yad etaṃ “sāsanavaran” ti vuttaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ suttaṃ, pariyatti-sāsanassa adhippetattā. Atthato pana dvādasa padāni, byañjanatthapada-samudāya-bhāvato. Yathāha – “byañjanañ ca attho cā” ti.
Taṃ viññeyyaṃ ubhayan ti yasmiṃ byañjane atthe ca vacana-vacanīya-bhāvena sambandhe suttavohāro, tad ubhayaṃ sarūpato viññātabbaṃ. Tattha katamaṃ byañjanaṃ katamo attho ti? Ten’ev’āha – “ko attho byañjanaṃ kataman” ti.
3
Evaṃ “sāsanavaran” ti vuttassa suttassa pariyatti-bhāvaṃ tassa ca attha-byañjana-pada-bhāvena veditabbataṃ dassetvā idāni tassa pavicayupāyaṃ Nettippakaraṇaṃ padatthavibhāgena dassetuṃ “soḷasahārā” ti gātham āha.
Tattha soḷasa hārā etissā ti soḷasahārā. Pañcanayā aṭṭhārasamūlapadā ti etthāpi es’eva nayo. Atha vā soḷasa hārā soḷasahārā, evaṃ itaratthāpi. Hāra-naya-mūlapadāni eva hi saṅkhepato vitthārato ca bhāsitāni Nettī ti.
Sāsanassa pariyeṭṭhī ti sāsanassa atthapariyesanā, pariyatti-sāsanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanā ti attho. Sakalass’eva vā sāsanassa atthavicāraṇā ti attho. Paṭipatti-paṭivedhe pi hi Netti-nayānusārena adhigacchantī ti.
Mahakaccānenā ti Kacco ti purātano isi, tassa vaṃsālaṅkāra-bhūto yaṃ mahāthero “Kaccāno” ti vuccati. Mahakaccāno ti pana pūjāvacanaṃ, yathā Mahāmoggallāno ti. “Kaccāyana-gotta-niddiṭṭhā” ti pi pāṭho.
Ayañ ca gāthā Nettiṃ saṅgāyantehi pakaraṇattha-saṅgaṇhana-vasena ṭhapitā ti daṭṭhabbā. Yathā cāyaṃ, evaṃ Hāravibhaṅgavāre taṃtaṃ-hāraniddesa-nigamane “tenāha āyasmā” ti ādi vacanaṃ.
4
Hārādi-samudāya-bhūtāyaṃ Nettiyaṃ byañjanattha-samudāye ca sutte kiṃ kena viciyatī ti vicāraṇāyaṃ āha – “hārā byañjanavicayo” ti ādi.
Tattha soḷasa pi hārā mūlapada-niddhāraṇam antarena byañjanamukhen’eva suttassa saṃvaṇṇanā honti, na nayā viya mūlapada-saṅkhāta-sabhāvadhamma-niddhāraṇa-mukhenā ti, te “byañjanavicayo suttassā” ti vuttā.
Atthanayā pana yathāvutta-atthamukhen’eva suttassa attha-sampaṭipattiyā hontī ti āha – “nayā tayo ca suttattho” ti. Ayañ ca vicāraṇā parato pi āgamissati. Keci “nayo cā” ti paṭhanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ.
Ubhayaṃ pariggahītan ti hārā nayā cā ti etaṃ ubhayaṃ suttassa attha-niddhāraṇa-vasena parisamantato gahitaṃ sabbathā sutte yojitaṃ.
Vuccati suttaṃ vadati saṃvaṇṇeti. Kathaṃ? Yathāsuttaṃ suttānurūpaṃ, yaṃ suttaṃ yathā saṃvaṇṇetabbaṃ, tathā saṃvaṇṇetī ti attho. Yaṃ yaṃ suttan ti vā yathāsuttaṃ, sabbaṃ suttan ti attho. Nettinayena hi saṃvaṇṇetuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ nāma suttaṃ natthī ti.
5
Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ “sāsanavaraṃ vidūhi ñeyyan” ti, tattha Netti-saṃvaṇṇanāya visayabhūtaṃ pariyatti-dhammam eva pakārantarena niyametvā dassetuṃ “yā c’evā” ti ādi vuttaṃ.
Tattha atthesu kata-paricchedo byañjana-ppabandho desanā, yo pāṭho ti vuccati. Tad attho desitaṃ tāya desanāya pabodhitattā. Tadubhayañ ca vimuttāyatana-sīsena paricayaṃ karontānaṃ anupādā-parinibbāna-pariyosānānaṃ sampattīnaṃ hetubhāvato ekantena viññeyyaṃ, tadubhaya-vinimuttassa vā ñeyyassa abhāvato tad eva dvayaṃ viññeyyan ti imam atthaṃ dasseti “yā c’eva…pe… viññeyyan” ti.
Tatrā ti tasmiṃ vijānane sādhetabbe nipphādetabbe c’etaṃ bhummaṃ. Ayam ānupubbī ti ayaṃ vakkhamānā anupubbi hāranayānaṃ anukkamo, anukkamena vakkhamānā hāranayā ti attho.
Navavidha-suttanta-pariyeṭṭhī ti suttādivasena navaṅgassa sāsanassa pariyesanā, atthavicāraṇā ti attho. Sāmi-atthe vā etaṃ paccattaṃ navavidha-suttanta-pariyeṭṭhiyā anupubbī ti. Atha vā anupubbī ti karaṇatthe paccattaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathāvutta-vijānane sādhetabbe vakkhamānāya hāra-nayānupubbiyā ayaṃ navavidha-suttantassa atthapariyesanā ti.
Etth’āha –
- Kathaṃ pan’ettha geyyaṅgādīnaṃ suttabhāvo?
- Suttabhāve ca tesaṃ kathaṃ sāsanassa navaṅgabhāvo?
- Yañ ca Saṅgahesu vuccati “sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ veyyākaraṇan” ti, tathā ca sati suttaṅgam eva na siyā.
- Athāpi visuṃ suttaṅgaṃ siyā, Maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ suttaṅga-saṅgaho na siyā, gāthābhāvato, Dhammapadādīnaṃ viya.
- Geyyaṅga-saṅgaho vā siyā, sagāthakattā, Sagāthāvaggassa viya.
- Tathā ubhato-vibhaṅgādīsu sagāthaka-ppadesānan ti.
Vuccate –
Suttan ti sāmaññavidhi, visesavidhayo pare;
sanimittā niruḷhattā, sahatāññena nāññato.
Sabbassāpi hi buddhavacanassa suttan ti ayaṃ sāmaññavidhi. Tathā hi “ettakaṃ tassa Bhagavato suttāgataṃ suttapariyāpannaṃ (pāci. 1242), Sāvatthiyā Suttavibhaṅge, sakavāde pañca suttasatānī” ti ādivacanato vinayābhidhamma-pariyatti-visese pi suttavohāro dissati.
Tad ekadesesu pana geyyādayo visesavidhayo tena tena nimittena patiṭṭhitā.
- Tathā hi geyyassa sagāthakattaṃ tabbhāvanimittaṃ. Loke pi hi sasilokaṃ sagāthakaṃ cuṇṇiyaganthaṃ “geyyan” ti vadanti.
- Gāthāvirahe pana sati pucchitvā vissajjana-bhāvo veyyākaraṇassa. Pucchā-vissajjanañ hi “byākaraṇan” ti vuccati, byākaraṇam eva veyyākaraṇan ti. Evaṃ sante sagāthakādīnam pi pañhā-vissajjana-vasena pavattānaṃ veyyākaraṇabhāvo āpajjatī ti? Nāpajjati. Geyyādi-saññānaṃ anokāsa-bhāvato, “gāthāvirahe satī” ti visesitattā ca.
- Tathā hi Dhammapadādīsu kevalaṃ gāthābandhesu sagāthakatte pi somanassa-ñāṇa-mayika-gāthā-yuttesu “vuttañ h’etan” ti ādivacana-sambandhesu abbhutadhamma-paṭisaṃyuttesu ca suttavisesesu yathākkamaṃ gāthā-udāna-itivuttaka-abbhutadhamma-saññā patiṭṭhitā.
- Tathā sati pi gāthābandhabhāve Bhagavato atītāsu jātīsu cariyānubhāva-ppakāsakesu jātaka-saññā.
- Sati pi pañhā-vissajjana-bhāve sagāthakatte ca kesuci suttantesu vedassa labhāpanato vedalla-saññā patiṭṭhitā ti.
Evaṃ tena tena sagāthakattādinā nimittena tesu tesu suttavisesesu geyyaṅgādi-saññā patiṭṭhitā ti visesavidhayo suttaṅgato pare geyyādayo.
Yaṃ pan’ettha geyyaṅgādi-nimitta-rahitaṃ suttaṃ, taṃ suttaṅgaṃ visesa-saññā-parihārena sāmañña-saññāya pavattanato ti.
Nanu ca – “sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ veyyākaraṇan” ti suttaṅgaṃ na sambhavatī ti codanā tad avatthā evā ti? Na tad avatthā. Sodhitattā. Sodhitañ hi pubbe gāthāvirahe sati pucchā-vissajjana-bhāvo veyyākaraṇassa tabbhāvanimittan ti.
Yañ ca vuttaṃ – “gāthābhāvato Maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ suttaṅga-saṅgaho na siyā” ti, tam pi na, niruḷhattā. Niruḷho hi Maṅgalasuttādīsu suttabhāvo, na hi tāni Dhammapada-Buddhavaṃsādayo viya gāthābhāvena paññātāni, kintu suttabhāven’eva. Ten’eva hi Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ “suttanāmakan” ti nāmaggahaṇaṃ kataṃ.
Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ – “sagāthakattā geyyaṅga-saṅgaho vā siyā” ti, tad api natthi, yasmā sahatāññena. Saha gāthāhī ti hi sagāthakaṃ. Sahabhāvo ca nāma atthato aññena hoti, na ca Maṅgalasuttādīsu gāthāvinimutto koci suttappadeso atthi. Yo saha gāthāhī ti vucceyya, na ca samudāyo nāma koci atthi.
Yad api vuttaṃ – “ubhato-vibhaṅgādīsu sagāthaka-ppadesānaṃ geyyaṅga-saṅgaho siyā” ti, tad api na aññato. Aññā eva hi tā gāthā, jātakādi-pariyāpannattā. Ato na tāhi ubhato-vibhaṅgādīnaṃ geyyaṅga-bhāvo ti evaṃ suttādīnaṃ aṅgānaṃ aññamañña-saṅkarābhāvo veditabbo.
Yasmā pana sabbam pi buddhavacanaṃ yathāvutta-nayena atthānaṃ sūcanādi-atthena suttan tv eva vuccati, tasmā vuttaṃ – “navavidha-suttanta-pariyeṭṭhī” ti.
Saṅgahavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.