教法之发趣注

CST89

Evaṃ sabbathā nayasamuṭṭhānaṃ vibhajitvā idāni sāsanapaṭṭhānaṃ vibhajanto yasmā saṅgahavārādīsu mūlapadeheva paṭṭhānaṃ saṅgahetvā sarūpato na dassitaṃ, tasmā yathā mūlapadehi paṭṭhānaṃ niddhāretabbaṃ, evaṃ paṭṭhānatopi mūlapadāni niddhāretabbānīti dassanatthaṃ “aṭṭhārasa mūlapadā kuhiṃ daṭṭhabbā? Sāsanapaṭṭhāne” ti āha. Mūlapadasāsanapaṭṭhānānañhi aññamaññasaṅgaho pubbe dassito evāti. Atha sāsanapaṭṭhānan ti ko vacanattho? Sāsanassa paṭṭhānanti sāsanapaṭṭhānaṃ, sāsanaṃ desanā, tassā veneyyajjhāsayānurūpaṃ tesaṃ hitasukhanipphādanatthaṃ pakārehi ṭhānaṃ pavatti sāsanapaṭṭhānaṃ. Idha pana tassa tathābhāvadīpanaṃ “sāsanapaṭṭhānan” ti veditabbaṃ. Atha vā sāsanaṃ adhisīlasikkhādayo. Tesaṃ pavattanupāyabhāvato patiṭṭhahanti etehīti paṭṭhānāni, saṃkilesādidhammā. Tesaṃ pavedanato tadupacārena suttāni paṭṭhānāni. Tesaṃ pana samūhabhāvato ayaṃ pakaraṇappadeso paṭṭhānaṃ nāma.

Aparo nayo – ken’aṭṭhena paṭṭhānaṃ? Paṭṭhitaṭṭhena gamanaṭṭhenāti attho. “Ye te goṭṭhā paṭṭhitagāvo” ti (ma. ni. 1.156) āgataṭṭhānasmiñhi yena paṭṭhānena te “goṭṭhā paṭṭhitagāvo” ti vuttā, taṃ atthato gamanaṃ hoti. Iti nātivitthāritanayesu hāranayesu anissaṅgagamanassa desanāñāṇassa saṃkilesabhāgiyādilokiyādibhedesu tadubhayavomissakabhedesu ca vitthāritanayalābhato nissaṅgavasena pavattagamanattā te saṃkilesabhāgiyādayo lokiyādayo ca visuṃ visuṃ vomissā ca adhikaraṇavasena paṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Tesaṃ pakāsanato ayaṃ pakaraṇappadeso paṭṭhānanti veditabbaṃ.

“Saṃkilesabhāgiyan” ti ādīsu saṃkilissati etenāti saṃkileso. Saṃkilesabhāge saṃkilesakoṭṭhāse pavattaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ. Vāsanā puññabhāvanā, vāsanābhāge pavattaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ, vāsanaṃ bhajāpetīti vā vāsanābhāgiyaṃ. Nibbijjhanaṃ lobhakkhandhādīnaṃ padālanaṃ nibbedho. Nibbedhabhāge pavattaṃ, nibbedhaṃ bhajāpetīti vā nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ. Pariniṭṭhitasikkhādhammā asekkhā, asekkhabhāve pavattaṃ, asekkhe bhajāpetīti vā asekkhabhāgiyaṃ. Tesu yattha taṇhādisaṃkileso vibhatto, idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ. Yattha dānādipuññakiriyavatthu vibhattaṃ, idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ. Yattha sekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo vibhattā, idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ. Yattha pana asekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo vibhattā, idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ. Itarāni tesaṃ vomissakanayavasena vuttāni.

Tāni pana cha dukā cattāro tikā ekaṃ catukkaṃ aparampi ekaṃ catukkanti dvādasa honti. Tesu cattāro dukā dve ca tikā uddhaṭā, itare na uddhaṭā, anuddharaṇe kāraṇaṃ natthi. Iminā nayena tepi gahetuṃ sakkāti pāḷiyaṃ saṃkhittāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati – “imāni cattāri suttāni, sādhāraṇāni katāni aṭṭha bhavantī” ti ādi. Tattha yasmā katthaci sutte taṇhāsaṃkilesova niddisīyati, katthaci diṭṭhisaṃkilesova, katthaci duccaritasaṃkilesova niddisīyati, tasmā saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ tidhā vibhajitvā uddiṭṭhaṃ “taṇhāsaṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttan” ti ādinā. Tathā vodānaṃ nāma saṃkilese sati hotīti vodānabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ saṃkilesavibhāgena tidhāva uddiṭṭhaṃ “taṇhāvodānabhāgiyaṃ suttan” ti ādinā. Taṃ pana atthato vāsanābhāgiyādi eva hoti. Ayañ ca nayo kesuci potthakesu natthi.

“Tattha saṃkileso tividho” ti ādi saṃkilesapaṭipakkhato samathādiniddhāraṇavasena vāsanābhāgiyādisuttānaṃ visayadassanatthaṃ āraddhaṃ. Tattha yadi āsatti uppajjati bhavesū ti bhavesu chandarāgaṃ pajahituṃ asakkontassa yadi bhavapatthanā uppajjati. Evaṃ sāyan ti evamassa puggalassa ayaṃ samathavipassanābhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu bhavati pujjabhavaphalanibbattanato. Tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattatī ti tatra tatra bhave upapattiyā saṃvattati. Imāni cattāri suttānī ti imāni saṃkilesabhāgiyādīni cattāri suttāni. Sādhāraṇāni katānī ti saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca, vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañcāti evaṃ padantarasaṃyojanavasena missitāni katāni. Aṭṭha bhavantī ti purimāni cattāri imāni cattārīti evaṃ aṭṭha bhavanti.

Tāniyeva aṭṭha suttāni sādhāraṇāni katāni soḷasa bhavantī ti tāniyeva yathāvuttāni aṭṭha suttāni vāsanābhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca, asekkhabhāgiyañca saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca, nibbedhabhāgiyañca saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca, asekkhabhāgiyañca saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca, asekkhabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca, asekkhabhāgiyañca saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca, nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca nevasaṃkilesabhāgiyañca, navāsanābhāgiyañca nanibbedhabhāgiyañca na asekkhabhāgiyañcāti evaṃ sādhāraṇāni katāni purimāni aṭṭha imāni aṭṭhāti soḷasa bhavanti. Tesu cattāro ekakā, cha dukā, cattāro tikā, eko catukko, aparopi eko catukkoti ayampi vibhāgo veditabbo. Tatthāpi dve dukā, dve tikā, dve catukkā ca pāḷiyaṃ anāgatāti veditabbā.

Idāni imassa paṭṭhānassa sakalasāsanasaṅgahitabhāvaṃ vibhāvetuṃ “imehi soḷasahi suttehi bhinnehi navavidhaṃ suttaṃ bhinnaṃ bhavatī” ti vuttaṃ. Tassattho – imehi saṃkilesabhāgiyādīhi soḷasahi suttehi paṭṭhānanayena vibhattehi suttageyyādinavavidhaṃ pariyattisāsanasaṅkhātaṃ suttaṃ bhinnaṃ soḷasadhā vibhattaṃ hoti. Iminā soḷasavidhena paṭṭhānena asaṅgahito pariyattisāsanassa padeso natthīti adhippāyo. Kathaṃ pana saṃkilesabhāgiyādibhāvo gahetabboti? Āha “gāthāya gāthā anuminitabbā” ti ādi. Tattha gāthāya gāthā anuminitabbā ti ayaṃ gāthā viya gāthā saṃkilesabhāgiyāti vā vāsanābhāgiyāti vā nibbedhabhāgiyāti vā asekkhabhāgiyāti vā anuminitabbā, anu anu minitvā takketvā jānitabbāti attho. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Ettha ca gāthāveyyākaraṇavinimuttā sabbā pariyatti “suttenā” tipadena saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā.

CST90

Idāni saṃkilesabhāgiyādīni suttāni yathāniddiṭṭhāni udāharaṇavasena vibhāvetuṃ “tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttan” ti ādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha “kāmandhā jālasañchannā” ti gāthāya attho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Yathā imassa, evaṃ ito parānampi heṭṭhā vuttatthānaṃ uttānapadānañca atthaṃ na vaṇṇayissāma.

Agatigamanānī ti kāyādīhi ayuttagamanāni, akattabbakaraṇānīti attho. Chandā ti chandahetu icchāpaccayā. Agatiṃ gacchatī ti agantabbaṃ gatiṃ gacchati, akattabbaṃ karotīti attho. Dhamman ti sādhūnaṃ ariyānaṃ dhammaṃ. Ativattatī ti atimadditvā vītikkamati. Nihīyatī ti hāyati. Yaso ti kitti ca parivāro ca.

“Manopubbaṅgamā dhammā” ti gāthāyaṃ mano ti yadipi kāmāvacarakusalādibhedaṃ sabbampi catubhūmakacittaṃ mano, imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne cakkhupālattherassa (dha. pa. 1-2; theragā. 95) purimajātiyaṃ vejjabhūtassa uppannavasena niyamiyamānaṃ paṭighasampayuttacittameva labbhati. So mano pubbaṅgamo etesanti manopubbaṅgamā, manasā paṭhamagāminā samannāgatāti attho. Dhammā ti nissattanijjīvaṭṭhena dhammā, te pana vedanādayo tayo arūpino khandhā. Ete hi manopubbaṅgamā. Kathaṃ panetehi saddhiṃ ekasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ekasmiñca ārammaṇe ekakkhaṇe uppajjamāno mano pubbaṅgamo nāma hotīti? Uppādapaccayaṭṭhena. Yathā hi bahūsu ekato gāmaghātādikammāni karontesu “ko etesaṃ pubbaṅgamo” ti vutte yo tesaṃ paccayo hoti, yaṃ yaṃ nissāya te taṃ kammaṃ karonti, so datto vā mitto vā tesaṃ pubbaṅgamoti vuccati, evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iti uppādapaccayaṭṭhena mano pubbaṅgamo etesanti manopubbaṅgamā. Na hi te mane anuppajjante uppajjituṃ sakkuṇanti, mano pana ekaccesu cetasikesu anuppajjantesupi uppajjati eva.

Adhipativasena mano seṭṭho etesanti manoseṭṭhā. Yathā hi corādīnaṃ corajeṭṭhakādayo adhipatino seṭṭhā, tathā tesampi mano seṭṭho. Yathā pana dāruādīhi nipphannāni bhaṇḍāni dārumayādīni nāma honti, tathā etepi manato nipphannattā manomayā nāma. Paduṭṭhenā ti abhijjhādīhi dosehi paduṭṭhena dūsitena bhāsati vā karoti vā. So hi bhāsanto catubbidhaṃ vacīduccaritameva bhāsati, karontopi tividhaṃ kāyaduccaritameva karoti, abhāsanto akaronto tehi abhijjhādīhi paduṭṭhamanatāya tividhaṃ manoduccaritaṃ pūreti. Evamassa dasa akusalakammapathā pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Tato naṃ dukkhamanvetī ti tato tividhaduccaritato taṃ puggalaṃ dukkhaṃ anveti duccaritānubhāvena catūsu apāyesu dukkhaṃ anugacchati. Yathā kiṃ? Cakkaṃva vahato padan ti, yathā nāma sakaṭaṃ vahato balībaddassa padaṃ paharantaṃ cakkaṃ anugacchati, evaṃ naṃ puggalaṃ dukkhamanugacchatīti.

“Middhī yadā hotī” ti gāthāyaṃ middhī ti thinamiddhābhibhūto. Mahagghaso ti mahābhojano āharahatthakaalaṃsāṭakatatravaṭṭakakākamāsakabhuttavamitakānaṃ aññataro viya. Niddāyitā ti supanasīlo. Samparivattasāyī ti seyyasukhapassasukhānaṃ anuyuñjanavasena samparivattakasayanasīlo. Nivāpapuṭṭho ti kuṇḍakādinā sūkarabhattena puṭṭho. Gharasūkaro hi bālakālato paṭṭhāya posiyamāno thūlasarīrakāle gehato bahi nikkhamituṃ alabhanto heṭṭhāmañcādīsu samparivattitvā samparivattitvā assasanto passasanto sayateva. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yadā puriso middhī ca hoti mahagghaso ca, nivāpapuṭṭho mahāvarāho viya aññena iriyāpathena yāpetuṃ asakkonto niddāsīlo saṃparivattasāyī, tadā so “aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā” ti tīṇi lakkhaṇāni manasi kātuṃ na sakkoti. Tesaṃ amanasikārā mandapañño punappunaṃ gabbhaṃ upeti, gabbhavāsato na parimuccatīti.

“Ayasāva malan” ti gāthāyaṃ ayasā ti ayato. Samuṭṭhitan ti jātaṃ. Tatuṭṭhāyā ti tato uṭṭhahitvā. Atidhonacārinan ti dhonā vuccati cattāro paccaye idamatthitāya alametenāti paccavekkhitvā paribhuñjanapaññā, taṃ atikkamitvā caranto atidhonacārī nāma. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā ayato malaṃ samuṭṭhāya yato taṃ samuṭṭhitaṃ, tameva khādati vināseti, evamevaṃ cattāro paccaye appaccavekkhitvā paribhuñjantaṃ atidhonacārinaṃ sāni kammāni attano santāne uṭṭhitattā attano santakāneva tāni kammāni duggatiṃ nayantīti.

“Coro yathā” ti gāthāyaṃ coro yathā sandhimukhe gahīto ti yathā coro gharasandhiṃ chinditvā gehaṃ pavisanto gharasandhimukhe eva rājapurisehi gahito. Sakammunā haññati bajjhate cā ti tena attanā katakammena kasābhitāḷanādinā haññati c’eva addubandhanādinā bajjhati ca. Evaṃ ayaṃ pecca pajā paratthā ti evampi ayaṃ pāpakārinī pajā ito cavitvā paraloke. Sakammunā haññati bajjhate cā ti attanāva katena pāpakammena nirayādīsu nānappakārehi kammakāraṇādīhi haññati c’eva paribajjhati cā ti.

“Sukhakāmānī” ti gāthāyaṃ yo daṇḍena vihiṃsatī ti yo puggalo daṇḍena vā leḍḍuādīhi vā vibādhati. Pecca so na labhe sukhan ti so puggalo paraloke manussasukhaṃ vā dibbasukhaṃ vā na labhati, nibbānasukhe pana vattabbameva natthi.

Gunnaṃ ce taramānānan ti gāvīsu mahoghaṃ tarantīsu. Jimhaṃ gacchati puṅgavo ti yadi yūthapati usabho kuṭilaṃ gacchati. Sabbā tā jimhaṃ gacchantī ti sabbāpi tā gāviyo kuṭilameva gacchanti. Kasmā? Nette jimhaṃ gate satī ti nettari kuṭilaṃ gate sati, nettassa kuṭilaṃ gatattāti attho. So hi tāsaṃ paccayiko upaddavaharo ca.

“Evamevan” ti gāthāyaṃ yathā cetaṃ, evamevaṃ yo manussesu padhānasammato, yadi so adhammacārī siyā. Ye tassa anujīvino, sabbepi adhammikāva honti. Sāmisampadā hi pakatisampadaṃ sampādeti. Yasmā ca etadeva, tasmā sabbaṃ raṭṭhaṃ dukkhaṃ seti, rājā ce hoti adhammiko. Sukiccharūpā vatā ti suṭṭhu kicchāpannarūpā vata. Upadhīsū ti kāmaguṇūpadhīsu. Rattā ti rāgābhibhūtā. Kaṭukan ti dukkhaṃ.

Kukkuccajanakeneva pattavaṭṭippabhavassa upacchinnattā phaluppatti kadaliyā parābhavāya hotīti āha – “phalaṃ ve kadaliṃ hantī” ti. Tathā phalapariyosānattā osadhīnaṃ “phalaṃ veḷuṃ phalaṃ naḷan” ti vuttaṃ. Vaḷavāya kucchismiṃ gadrabhassa jātā assatarī nāma, sā gabbhaṃ gaṇhitvā kāle sampatte vijāyituṃ na sakkoti. Pādehi bhūmiṃ paharantī tiṭṭhati, athassa cattāro pāde catūsu khāṇukesu bandhitvā kucchiṃ phāletvā potakaṃ nīharanti, sā tattheva marati. Tena vuttaṃ – “gabbho assatariṃ yathā” ti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā attano phalaṃ kadaliveḷunaḷepi vināseti, gabbho ca assatariṃ, evaṃ attano kammaphalabhūto sakkāro asappurisaṃ vināsetīti.

Kodhamakkhagarū ti kujjhanalakkhaṇaṃ kodhaṃ, paraguṇamakkhanalakkhaṇaṃ makkhañca garuṃ katvā uddhaṃ katvā ukkhipitvā caranto. Sukhette ti sukhettepi. Pūtibījaṃvā ti pūtibhāvaṃ gataṃ bījaṃ viya. Chakaṇarasādiparibhāvanasukkhāpanasukhasayādīni akaraṇena bījadosaduṭṭhanti attho.

CST91

Cetasā ti attano cittena. Ceto ti tassa puggalassa cittaṃ. Pariccā ti paricchinditvā. Iriyatī ti pavattati. Yathābhatan ti yathā kiñci āharitvā ṭhapitaṃ.

Mākatthā ti mā akattha. Na pamutyatthī ti pamokkho natthi. Upeccāpī ti sañciccāpi, buddhipubbenāpīti attho.

“Adhammenā” ti vatvāpi “musāvādenā” ti vacanaṃ musāvādassa mahāsāvajjabhāvadassanatthaṃ. Ten’ev’āha – “ekaṃ dhammaṃ atītassā” ti ādi (dha. pa. 176), tathā “evaṃ parittaṃ kho, rāhula, tesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, yesaṃ natthi sampajānamusāvāde lajjā” ti ādi (ma. ni. 2.108). Taṃ kathaṃ nu bhavissatī ti taṃ dhanaṃ kena nu pakārena tesaṃ bhavissati. Adhammena tesaṃ sambhatattā tesu naciraṭṭhitikaṃ hotīti attho. Antarāyā su bhavissantī ti adhammiyavohārādito rājantarāyādayo bhavissanti. Sū ti nipātamattaṃ. Sambhatassa vinassatī ti imassa sambhataṃ sajjitaṃ vinassati. Saggan ti sugatiṃ. Sā hi rūpādīhi sobhanehi aggoti saggoti adhippetā. Ettāvatā ti diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikānaṃ atthānaṃ hāniyā. Hatā ti vinaṭṭhā.

Vivaṭṭate ti nivaṭṭati. Lobhā khaṇati attānan ti lobhahetu apuññāni karonto kāyavisamādiyogena attānaṃ khaṇati nāma. Mittehi jīratī ti mittabhāvehi hāyati.

Carantī ti catūhi iriyāpathehi akusalameva karontā vicaranti. Bālā ti idhalokatthaṃ paralokatthañca ajānantā idha bālā nāma. Dummedhā ti nippaññā. Na hi paññāya duṭṭhattaṃ nāma atthi. Amittenevā ti amittabhūtena viya verinā viya hutvā. Kaṭukapphalan ti tikhiṇaphalaṃ, dukkhaphalanti attho. Na taṃ kammaṃ kataṃ sādhu, yaṃ katvā anutappatī ti yaṃ kammaṃ nirayādīsu nibbattanasamatthaṃ dukkhudayaṃ katvā anussaritānussaritakkhaṇe anutappati anusocati, taṃ kataṃ na sādhu na sundaraṃ na bhaddakaṃ. Yassa assumukho ti yassa assūhi tintamukho rodanto vipākaṃ paṭisevati anubhoti.

Dukkaran ti vattapaṭivattapūraṇādivasena ābhisamācārikasīlassa kātuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya dukkaraṃ. Samādānato paṭṭhāya khaṇḍaṃ akatvā visesato ādibrahmacariyakassa carimakacittaṃ pāpetabbatāya duttitikkhaṃ, sīlasaṃvarādayo vā aparikkhate katvā sampādetuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya dukkaraṃ. Adhivāsetabbānaṃ pana dussahanato khantisaṃvaraṃvasena duttitikkhaṃ. Abyattenā ti mandapaññena. Sāmaññan ti samaṇabhāvo. Tatthā ti tassa sāmaññassa. Sambādhā ti dunnivatthaduppārutamātugāmādisammaddā. Yatthā ti sīlasaṃvarādīnaṃ paribandhabhūtesu sambādhasaṅkhātesu visabhāgārammaṇādīsu. Atha vā dukkarantipadassa atthaṃ dassetuṃ duttitikkhanti vuttaṃ. Duttitikkhan ti dukkhamaṃ duradhivāsiyaṃ. Abyattenā ti bālena. Sāmaññan ti samaṇadhammo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yaṃ paṇḍitā kulaputtā dasapi vassāni vīsatipi…pe… saṭṭhipi vassāni dantebhi dantamādhāya jivhāya tāluṃ āhacca cetasā cittaṃ abhiniggaṇhitvā ekāsanaṃ ekabhattaṃ paṭisevamānā āpāṇakoṭikaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carantā sāmaññaṃ karonti, taṃ bālā abyattā kātuṃ na sakkontīti. Bahūhi tattha sambādhā ti tasmiṃ sāmaññasaṅkhāte ariyamagge bahū sambādhā, maggādhigamāya paṭipannassa bahū parissayāti attho.

Appameyyaṃ paminanto ti appameyyaṃ khīṇāsavapuggalaṃ “ettakasīlo ayaṃ ettakasamādhi ettakapañño” ti evaṃ minanto. Kodha vidvā vikappaye ti ko idha vidvā medhāvī vikappeyya, khīṇāsavova khīṇāsavaṃ minanto vikappeyyāti dīpeti. Nivutaṃ maññe ti yo pana puthujjano minetuṃ ārabhati, taṃ nivutaṃ avakujjapaññaṃ maññāmi. Akissavan ti kissavā vuccati paññā, nippaññanti attho.

Kuṭhārī ti attacchedakaṭṭhena kuṭhārisadisī pharusavācā. Chindatī ti kusalamūlasaṅkhāte mūleyeva nikantati. Visaṃ halāhalaṃ ivā ti halāhalasaṅkhātaṃ visaṃ iva. Evaṃ viraddhaṃ pātetī ti viraddhaṃ aparaddhaṃ khalitapuggalaṃ evaṃ apāyesu vinipāteti. Vācā dubbhāsitā yathā ti yathā vācā ariyūpavādanavasena dubbhāsitā.

CST92

Nindiyan ti nindanīyaṃ. Taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo ti yo guṇavisiṭṭhatāya pasaṃsāraho puggalo, taṃ vā so pāpicchatādīni āropetvā garahati. Vicinātī ti upacināti. Kalin ti aparādhaṃ. Ayaṃ kalī ti ayaṃ aparādho. Akkhesū ti jūtakīḷanakkhesu. Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā ti sabbena attano dhanenāpi attanāpi saddhiṃ. Sugatesū ti sobhanagamanattā, sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā, sammā gatattā, sammā ca gadattā sugatasaṅkhātesu buddhādīsu. Manaṃ padosaye ti yo manaṃ padoseyya, tassa ayaṃ manopadoso eva mahattaro kalīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kasmā? Yasmā sataṃ sahassānaṃ…pe… pāpakan ti. Tattha sataṃ sahassānan ti nirabbudagaṇanāya satasahassaṃ. Chattiṃsatī ti aparāni chattiṃsati nirabbudāni. Pañca cā ti abbudagaṇanāya pañca ca abbudāni. Tasmā vassagaṇanāya ettako so kālo, yaṃ kālaṃ ariyagarahivācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpakaṃ nirayaṃ upeti, tattha paccatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Idañca saṅkhepena padumaniraye āyuppamāṇaṃ, vitthārena pana parato āgamissati.

Lobhaguṇe ti “guṇo” ti bālehi diṭṭhattā, anekakkhattuṃ pavattitattā ca lobhoyeva lobhaguṇo, tasmiṃ lobhaguṇe, taṇhāyāti attho. Anuyutto ti anu anu yutto. Avadaññū ti avacanaññū, buddhānampi ovādassa aggahaṇato. Maccharī ti pañcavidhamacchariyena maccharī. Pesuṇiyaṃ anuyutto ti pesuṇiyasmiṃ anuyutto aggasāvakānaṃ bhedanena. Kokālikañhi mīyamānaṃ ovadantena āyasmatā mahāmoggallānena bhāsitā imā gāthāti. Mukhaduggā ti mukhavisama. Vibhūtā ti vigatabhūta alikavādi. Anariyā ti asappurisa. Bhūnahū ti bhūtihanaka attano buddhivināsaka. Purisantā ti purisādhama. Kalī ti alakkhipurisa. Avajātakaputtā ti buddhassa Bhagavato avajātaputta. Mā bahubhāṇidha nerayikosī ti idāni bahubhāṇī mā hohi, nerayiko asi jāto. Rajamākirasī ti kilesarajaṃ attani pakkhipasi. Sante ti samitakilese khīṇāsave. Kibbisakārī ti pāpakāri. Papatan ti narakaṃ.

Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyan ti idaṃ taṇhādīnaṃ sabhāvabhedato avatthābhedato ca anekabhedakaṃ dassetuṃ anekehi suttapadehi udāharaṇavasena dassitaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttanti veditabbaṃ.

Pasannenā ti kammakammaphalādīni saddahantena.

CST93

Iddhan ti hatthūpagasīsūpagādialaṅkārehi maṇikanakādīhi ca samiddhaṃ. Phītan ti telamadhuphāṇitādīhi ca dhanadhaññādīhi ca vipulaṃ. Ākiṇṇamanussan ti nirantaramanussaṃ. Sambādhabyūhan ti byūhā vuccanti anibbiddharacchāyo. Yesu paviṭṭhamaggeneva niggacchanti, te sambādhā byūhakā etthāti sambādhabyūhaṃ. Imināpi tassa nagarassa ghanavāsameva dīpeti. Bhantenā ti damathaṃ anupagatena, ito cito ca paribbhamantena vā. Apāpakan ti alāmakaṃ. Aveccappasādenā ti acalappasādena, saccappaṭivedhato āgatena pasādena.

Pecca so labhate ti yo bhūte daṇḍena na hiṃsati, so puggalo paraloke manussabhūto manussasukhaṃ devabhūto dibbasukhaṃ ubhayaṃ atikkanto nibbānasukhaṃ labhatīti attho.

CST94

Cārikaṃ pakkamissatī ti janapadacārikaṃ gamissati. Kasmā pana bhagavā janapadacārikaṃ caratīti? Sattahi kāraṇehi buddhā bhagavanto janapadacārikaṃ caranti – desantaragatānaṃ veneyyānaṃ vinayanattaṃ, tatra ṭhitānaṃ ussukkasamuppādanaṃ, bhāvakānaṃ ekasmiṃ ṭhāne nibaddhavāsapariharaṇaṃ attano ca tattha anāsaṅgadassanaṃ, sambuddhavasitaṭṭhānatāya desānaṃ cetiyabhāvasampādanaṃ, bahūnaṃ sattānaṃ dassanūpasaṅkamanādīhi puññoghappasavanaṃ, avuṭṭhiādiupaddavūpasamanañcāti imehi sattahi kāraṇehi buddhā bhagavanto janapadacārikaṃ carantīti veditabbaṃ.

Isidattapurāṇā ti isidatto ca purāṇo ca, tesu isidatto sakadāgāmī. Purāṇo sotāpanno. Sākete ti “sāketo” ti laddhanāme attano bhogagāmake. Magge purisaṃ ṭhapesun ti tesaṃ kira gāmadvārena Bhagavato gamanamaggo, tasmā “sace bhagavā amhākaṃ suttānaṃ vā pamattānaṃ vā gaccheyya, atha passituṃ na labheyyāmā” ti maggamajjhe purisaṃ ṭhapesuṃ. Anubandhiṃsū ti na dūratova, piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhiṃsu. Bhagavā hi sakaṭamaggassa majjhe jaṅghamaggena agamāsi, itare ubhosu passesu anugacchantā agamaṃsu. Maggā okkammā ti buddhā hi kenaci saddhiṃ gacchantāva paṭisanthāraṃ karonti kenaci saddhiṃ ṭhitā kenaci saddhiṃ divasabhāgampi nisinnā, tasmā bhagavā cintesi – “ime mayhaṃ sāsane vallabhā āgataphalā, imehi saddhiṃ nisīditvā divasabhāgaṃ paṭisanthāraṃ karissāmī” ti. Maggato okkamitvā yenaññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Paññatte āsane nisīdī ti te kira chattupāhanakattaradaṇḍapādabbhañjanatelāni c’eva aṭṭhavidhañca pānakaṃ sarabhapādapallaṅkañca gāhāpetvā āgamaṃsu. Atha naṃ pallaṅkaṃ paññapetvā adaṃsu. Satthā tattha nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsū ti “chattupāhanādīni bhikkhusaṅghassa dethā” ti vatvā Bhagavantaṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.

Sāvatthiyā kosalesu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī ti ādi sabbaṃ majjhimadesavaseneva vuttaṃ. Kasmā? Niyatāciṇṇattā. Bhagavato hi cārikacaraṇaṃ majjhimadeseyeva. Sacepi paccantadese gacchati, majjhimadeseyeva aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetīti niyatāciṇṇaṃ, tasmā majjhimadesavaseneva vuttaṃ. Kāsīsū ti kāsiraṭṭhato. Tathā magadhesū ti magadharaṭṭhato. Āsanne no bhagavā bhavissatī ti ettha na kevalaṃ āsannattā eva tesaṃ somanassaṃ hoti, atha kho “idāni dānaṃ dātuṃ gandhamālādipūjaṃ kātuṃ dhammaṃ sotuṃ pañhaṃ pucchituṃ labhissāmā” ti nesaṃ somanassaṃ hoti.

Tasmātiha thapatayo sambādho gharāvāso ti thapatayo yasmā tumhākaṃ mayi dūrībhūte anappakaṃ domanassaṃ āsanne anappakaṃ somanassaṃ hoti, tasmāpi veditabbametaṃ “sambādho gharāvāso” ti. Gharāvāsassa hi dosena tumhākaṃ evaṃ hoti. Sace pana gharāvāsaṃ pahāya pabbajitā assatha, evaṃ vo mayā saddhiṃyeva gacchantānañca āgacchantānañca taṃ na bhaveyyāti imamatthaṃ dīpento evamāha. Tattha sakiñcanasapalibodhaṭṭhena sambādhatā veditabbā. Mahāghare vasantassāpi hi sakiñcanasapalibodhaṭṭhena gharāvāso sambādhova. Rajopatho ti rāgādirajānaṃ āgamanapatho, āgamanaṭṭhānanti attho. Abbhokāso pabbajjā ti pabbajjā pana akiñcanaapalibodhaṭṭhena abbhokāso. Caturatanikepi hi gabbhe dvinnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pallaṅkena pallaṅkaṃ ghaṭṭetvā nisinnānampi akiñcanāpalibodhaṭṭhena pabbajjā abbhokāso nāma hoti. Alañca pana vo thapatayo appamādāyā ti evaṃ sambādhagharāvāse vasantānaṃ tumhākaṃ appamādameva kātuṃ yuttanti attho.

Nāgā ti hatthino. Opavayhā ti rañño ārohanayoggā. Ekaṃ purato ekaṃ pacchato nisīdāpemā ti te kira dvepi janā sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitā dvīsu nāgesu tā itthiyo evaṃ nisīdāpetvā rañño nāgaṃ majjhe katvā ubhosu passesu gacchanti, tasmā evamāhaṃsu. Nāgopi rakkhitabbo ti yathā kiñci visesitaṃ na karoti, evaṃ rakkhitabbo hoti. Tāpi bhaginiyo ti yathā pamādaṃ nāpajjanti, evaṃ rakkhitabbā honti. Attāpī ti sitakathitavikkhepitādīni akarontehi attāpi rakkhitabbo hoti. Evaṃ karonto hi “sāmidubbhako eso” ti niggahetabbo hoti.

Tasmātiha thapatayo ti yasmā tumhe rājā niccaṃ rājabhaṇḍaṃ paṭicchāpeti, tasmāpi sambādho gharāvāso rajopatho. Yasmā pana paṃsukūlikaṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ paṭicchāpento natthi, tasmā abbhokāso pabbajjā, evaṃ sabbatthāpi. Alañca kho thapatayo appamādāya, appamādameva karothāti dasseti.

Muttacāgo ti vissaṭṭhacāgo. Payatapāṇī ti āgatāgatānaṃ dānatthāya dhotahattho. Vosaggarato ti vosaggasaṅkhāte cāge rato. Yācayogo ti yācitabbayutto. “Yājayogo” tipi pāṭho, dānayuttoti attho. Dānasaṃvibhāgarato ti etena appamattakampi kiñci labhitvā tatopi saṃvibhāge rato. Appaṭivibhattan ti “idaṃ amhākaṃ bhavissati, idaṃ ayyānan” ti evaṃ akatavibhāgaṃ, sabbaṃ dātabbameva hutvā ṭhitanti attho. Imehi kho thapatayo catūhi dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako sotāpanno hotī ti sotāpanno imehi dhammehi samannāgato hotīti attho. Etena sotāpannena imesaṃ catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ ekantato labbhamānataṃ dasseti.

Evaṃ tesaṃ thapatīnaṃ imehi catūhi dhammehi samannāgataṃ pariyāyena dassetvā idāni nippariyāyena taṃ dassetuṃ “tumhe kho thapatayo” ti ādi vuttaṃ.

CST95

Sahassaṃ kappakoṭiyo ti sahassaṃ attabhāvā ahesunti attho. “Asīti kappakoṭiyo” tipi pāṭho, asītiāyukappakoṭiyo ahesunti attho. Kattha pana te ahesunti? Āha “deve c’eva manusse cā” ti, devesu c’eva manussesu cā ti attho. Saṃviruḷhamhī ti samantato pallavaggahaṇena viruḷhe. Alabhiṃhan ti alabhiṃ ahaṃ. Ajja tiṃsaṃ tato kappā ti tato kappato ajja sampati ayaṃ kappo tiṃsatimo. Tassā saññāya vāsanā ti tassa buddhagatāya saññāya vāsanato.

Taṇhānighātako ti taṇhāya samucchedako. Vaṭaṃsako ti pupphamayakaṇṇiko. Sabbapupphehilaṅkato ti nānāpupphehi alaṅkato. Lapanantarā ti uttarādharoṭṭhānaṃ antarato. Okkā ti pabhā. Muddhanantaradhāyathā ti muddhani antaradhāyatha. Kaṅkhaṃ vitarā ti vimatiṃ vinodehi. Yassa taṃ sabbadhammesu, sadā ñāṇaṃ pavattatī ti tan ti nipātamattaṃ. Yassa sabbadhammesu ākaṅkhappaṭibaddhattā sadā ñāṇaṃ pavattati. So sabbaññū bhagavā theraṃ ānandaṃ etadabravī ti sambandho. Rājā raṭṭhe bhavissatī ti sabbasmiṃ raṭṭhe rājā bhavissati. Cariman ti carimabhavaṃ. Sacchikatvā ti paccakkhaṃ katvā. Dhammatan ti catusaccadhammaṃ, paccekabodhiṃ vā.

CST96

Suvaṇṇacchadanaṃ nāvan ti ubhosu passesu suvaṇṇālaṅkārehi paṭimaṇḍitavasena chāditaṃ suvaṇṇanāvaṃ. Pañhaṃ puṭṭhā viyākāsi, sakkassa iti me sutan ti yathā sā devatā pañhaṃ puṭṭhā sakkassa byākāsi, evaṃ mayāpi sutanti āyasmā mahāmoggallāno attanā yathāsutaṃ taṃ Bhagavato vadati.

Paṃsuthūpesū ti sarīradhātuṃ abbhantare ṭhapetvā paṃsūhi katathūpesu. Evañhi te Bhagavantaṃ uddissakatā nāma honti, tenevāha – “uddissakatesu dasabaladharānan” ti.

CST97

Devaputtasarīravaṇṇā ti devaputtasarīrasadisavaṇṇā. Subhagasaṇṭhitī ti sobhaggayuttasaṇṭhānā. Uḷāraṃ vata taṃ āsī ti taṃ mayā kataṃ puññaṃ uḷāraṃ vata ahosi. Yāhan ti yā ahaṃ. Satasahassaṃ kappe, mudito thūpaṃ apūjesī ti thūpaṃ pūjetvā satasahassaṃ āyukappe ahaṃ muditoti attho. Anāgantuna vinipātan ti apāyupapattiṃ anupagantvā. Yaṃ cakkhun ti yaṃ paññācakkhuṃ. Paṇihitan ti ṭhapitaṃ. Vimuttacittamhī ti vimuttacitto amhi. Vidhūtalato ti vidhūtataṇhālato, samucchinnataṇhoti attho.

CST98

Sāmākapatthodanamattan ti sāmākatiṇānaṃ nāḷikodanamattaṃ. Akhile ti pañcannaṃ cetokhilānaṃ abhāvena akhile. Tasmiñca okappayi dhammamuttaman ti tasmiṃ paccekabuddhe uttamadhammaṃ paccekabodhiṃ “uttamadhammena nāma imasmiṃ bhavitabban” ti saddahiṃ. “Tasmiñca dhamme paṇidhesiṃ mānasan” ti iminā paṭiladdhadhammaṃ ahampi sacchikareyyanti cittaṃ paṇidahiṃ. Bhave kudāsupi ca mā apekkhavā ti katthaci bhave apekkhavā mā bhaveyyanti ca paṇidhesiṃ mānasanti sambandho.

Kurūsū ti uttarakurūsu. Dīghāyukesū ti tesaṃ vassasahassāyukatāya vuttaṃ. Amamesū ti apariggahesu. Pāṇīsū ti sattesu. Ahīnagāmīsū ti yathāladdhasampattīhi yāvatāyukaṃ aparihīnasabhāvesu. Tidasopapajjathā ti tāvatiṃso hutvā upapajjiṃ, tidase vā tāvatiṃsabhavane upapajjiṃ. Visiṭṭhakāyūpagato ti visiṭṭhakāyesu nānāvaṇṇakāyesu upagato. Yasassisū ti parivāravantesu. Hitāhitāsihī ti kusalākusale vītivattīhi. Paccakkhaṃ khviman ti paccakkhaṃ kho imaṃ vacananti adhippāyo.

Sakāsī ti so akāsi. Balimābhihārī ti pūjābaliṃ abhihari. Patitassa ekan ti tassa hatthato ekapupphaṃ patitaṃ.

Upariṭṭhan ti upari vehāse ṭhitaṃ. Ariṭṭhan ti ariṭṭhaṃ nāma paccekasambuddhaṃ. Ajjhattañca bahiddhā cā ti ajjhattavisayā ca bahiddhavisayā ca. Ye me vijjiṃsū ti ye me pubbe vijjamānā ahesuṃ. Jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo ti punappunaṃ jāyanamīyanabhūto saṃsāro punabbhavoti ca vuccati, so ca dāni natthīti attho.

Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttan ti idaṃ vāsanābhāgapuññavibhāvanānaṃ nānāsuttapadānaṃ udāharaṇavasena dassitaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttanti veditabbaṃ.

CST99

“Uddhaṃ adho…pe… apunabbhavāyā” ti idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttanti vuttaṃ oghataraṇassa ariyamaggakiccattā. Na cetanā karaṇīyā ti na cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Dhammatā ti dhammasabhāvo.

CST100

Yadā have ti yasmiṃ have kāle. Pātubhavantī ti uppajjanti. Dhammā ti anulomapaccayākārapaṭivedhasādhakā bodhipakkhiyadhammā. Pātubhavantī ti vā pakāsenti, abhisamayavasena pākaṭā honti. Dhammā ti catuariyasaccadhammā. Ātāpo vuccati kilesasantāpanaṭṭhena vīriyaṃ. Ātāpino ti sammappadhānavīriyavato. Jhāyato ti ārammaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇena ca jhānena jhāyantassa. Brāhmaṇassā ti bāhitapāpassa khīṇāsavassa. Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā ti athassa evaṃ pātubhūtadhammassa yā tā “ko nu kho, bhante, phusatīti? No kallo pañhoti bhagavā avocā” ti ādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.12) nayena “katamaṃ nu kho, bhante, jarāmaraṇaṃ, kassa panidaṃ jarāmaraṇanti? No kallo pañhoti bhagavā avocā” ti ādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.35) ca nayena paccayākārakaṅkhā vuttā. Yā ca paccayākārasseva appaṭividdhattā “ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhānan” ti ādikā (ma. ni. 1.18; saṃ. ni. 2.20) soḷasakaṅkhā “buddhe kaṅkhati dhamme kaṅkhatī” ti ādikā (dha. sa. 1008) aṭṭha ca kaṅkhā āgatā, tā sabbā vapayanti apagacchanti nirujjhanti, kasmā? Yato pajānāti sahetudhammaṃ, yasmā avijjādikena hetunā sahetukaṃ imaṃ saṅkhārādiṃ kevalaṃ dukkhakkhandhadhammaṃ pajānāti aññāsi paṭivijjhati.

Yato khayaṃ paccayānaṃ avedīhi yasmā paccayānaṃ khayasaṅkhātaṃ nibbānaṃ avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi, tasmā yadāssa ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa vuttappakārā dhammā pātubhavanti. Athassa yā nibbānassa aviditattā kaṅkhā uppajjeyyuṃ, sabbāpi tā kaṅkhā vapayantīti.

Āraññan ti āraññakaṃ. Aññātuñchena yāpentan ti kulesu aññāto niccanavoyeva hutvā uñchena piṇḍacariyāya yāpentaṃ. Atha vā abhilakkhitesu issarajanagehesu kaṭukabhaṇḍasambhāraṃ sugandhabhojanaṃ pariyesantassa uñchanaṃ ñātuñchanaṃ nāma, gharapaṭipāṭiyā pana dvāre ṭhitena laddhamissakabhojanaṃ aññātuñchanaṃ nāma. Idaṃ idha adhippetaṃ. Tena yāpentaṃ. Kāmesu anapekkhinan ti vatthukāmakilesakāmesu nirapekkhaṃ.

Chetvā ti vadhitvā. Sukhaṃ setī ti kodhapariḷāhena aparidayhamānattā sukhaṃ sayati. Na socatī ti kodhavināsena vinaṭṭhadomanassattā na socati. Visamūlassā ti dukkhavipākassa. Madhuraggassā ti yaṃ akkuṭṭhassa paccakkositvā pahaṭassa paṭippaharitvā sukhaṃ uppajjati, taṃ sandhāya so “madhuraggo” ti vutto. Imasmiñhi ṭhāne pariyosānaṃ “aggan” ti vuttaṃ. Ariyā ti buddhādayo.

Hane ti haneyya. Uppatitan ti asamugghāṭitaṃ avikkhambhituppannavasena samudācāruppannavasena samudācarantaṃ. Vinodaye ti attano santānato nīhareyya.

CST101

Sattiyā ti desanāsīsametaṃ, ekatodhārādinā satthenāti attho. Omaṭṭho ti pahaṭo. Cattāro hi pahārā omaṭṭho ummaṭṭho maṭṭho vimaṭṭhoti. Tattha upari ṭhatvā adhomukhaṃ dinnappahāro omaṭṭho nāma, adho ṭhatvā uddhaṃ mukhaṃ dinnappahāro ummaṭṭho nāma, aggaḷasūci viya vinivijjhitvā kato maṭṭho nāma, seso sabbopi vimaṭṭho nāma. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne omaṭṭho gahito. So hi sabbadāruṇo duruddharaṇasallo duttikiccho antodoso antopubbalohito ca hoti. Pubbalohitaṃ anikkhamitvā vaṇamukhaṃ pariyonandhitvā tiṭṭhati. Pubbalohitaṃ nīharitukāmehi mañcena saddhiṃ bandhitvā adhosiro kātabbo hoti, maraṇaṃ vā maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ pāpuṇāti. Paribbaje ti vihareyya.

Imāya gāthāya kiṃ kathitaṃ? Yathā sattiyā omaṭṭhapuriso sallubbāhanavaṇatikicchanānaṃ atthāya vīriyaṃ ārabhati payogaṃ karoti parakkamati. Yathā ca dayhamāne matthake ādittasiro tassa nibbāpanatthāya vīriyaṃ ārabhati payogaṃ karoti parakkamati, evamevaṃ bhikkhu kāmarāgappahānāya sato appamatto hutvā vihareyya bhagavāti kathesi.

Evaṃ devatāya kathite atha bhagavā cintesi – “imāya devatāya upamā daḷhaṃ katvā ānītā, atthaṃ pana parittakaṃ gahetvā ṭhitā. Punappunaṃ kathentīpi hi esā kāmarāgassa vikkhambhanappahānameva katheyya, yāva ca kāmarāgo maggena na samugghāṭiyyati, tāva anubandhova hotī” ti tameva upamaṃ gahetvā paṭhamamaggavasena devatāya vinivaṭṭetvā dassento “sattiyā viya omaṭṭho” ti dutiyagāthamāha. Tassattho purimanayānusārena veditabbo.

Lokāmisan ti kāmaguṇo. Santipekkho ti sabbasaṅkhārūpasamaṃ nibbānaṃ apekkhamāno. Paññavā ti paññavanto. Pahitatto ti nibbānaṃ patipesitacitto. Virato kāmasaññāyā ti yāya kāyaci sabbato kāmasaññāya catutthamaggasampayuttāya samucchedaviratiyā virato. “Viratto” tipi pāṭho. Kāmasaññāyāti pana bhummavacanaṃ hoti. Sagāthāvagge (saṃ. ni. 1.96) “kāmasaññāsū” ti pāṭho. Catūhi maggehi dasannampi saṃyojanānaṃ atītattā sabbasaṃyojanātīto. Catutthamaggeneva vā uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanātīto tatra tatrābhinandanato nandisaṅkhātāya taṇhāya tiṇṇañca bhavānaṃ parikkhīṇattā nandibhavaparikkhīṇo. So tādiso khīṇāsavo bhikkhu gambhīre saṃsāraṇṇave na sīdati.

Saddahāno ti yena pubbabhāge kāyasucaritādibhedena, aparabhāge ca sattattiṃsabodhipakkhiyabhedena dhammena arahanto buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakā nibbānaṃ pattā. Taṃ saddahāno arahataṃ dhammaṃ nibbānappattiyā lokiyalokuttarapaññaṃ labhati, tañca kho na saddhāmattakeneva. Yasmā pana saddhājāto upasaṅkamati, upasaṅkamanto payirupāsati, payirupāsanto sotaṃ odahati, odahitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti, tasmā upasaṅkamanato paṭṭhāya yāva dhammassavanena sussūsaṃ labhate paññaṃ.

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Taṃ dhammaṃ saddahitvāpi ācariyupajjhāye kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvāpi vattakaraṇena payirupāsitvā yadā payirupāsanāya ārādhitacittā kiñci vattukāmā honti. Atha adhigatāya sotukāmatāya sotaṃ odahitvā suṇanto labhatīti evaṃ sussūsampi ca satiavippavāsena appamatto subhāsitadubbhāsitaññutāya vicakkhaṇo eva labhati, na itaro. Tenāha – “appamatto vicakkhaṇo” ti.

Patirūpakārī ti desakālādīni ahāpetvā lokiyassa lokuttarassa dhammassa patirūpaṃ adhigamūpāyaṃ karotīti patirūpakārī. Dhuravā ti cetasikavīriyavasena anikkhittadhuro. Uṭṭhātā ti kāyikavīriyavasena uṭṭhānasampanno asithilaparakkamo. Vindate dhanan ti lokiyalokuttaradhanaṃ adhigacchati. Saccenā ti vacīsaccena paramatthasaccena ca. Buddhapaccekabuddhaariyasāvakā nibbutiṃ pāpuṇantā kittimpi pāpuṇantiyeva. Dadan ti paresaṃ yaṃ kiñci icchitaṃ patthitaṃ dento mittāni ganthati sampādeti karotīti attho. Duddadaṃ vā dadanto ganthati, dānamukhena cattāripi saṅgahavatthūni gahitānīti veditabbāni. Tehi mittāni karonti. Asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ, sa ve pecca na socatī ti yassa puggalassa ime saddhādayo dhammā vijjanti, so imasmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ gantvā na socati, sokakāraṇaṃ tassa natthīti attho.

“Yassete caturo dhammā, saddhassa gharamesino;
saccaṃ dhammo dhiti cāgo, sa ve pecca na socatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.246; su. ni. 190)

Gāthaṃ avasesaṃ katvā udāhaṭaṃ. Āḷavakasutte hi imā gāthā āḷavakena “kathaṃ su labhate paññan” ti ādinā (saṃ. ni. 1.246; su. ni. 187) puṭṭhena Bhagavatā bhāsitāti.

Yena kenaci vaṇṇenā ti yena kenaci kāraṇena, pakārena vā. Saṃvāso ti ekasmiṃ ṭhāne sahavāso samāgamo. Tan ti tathā samāgataṃ anukampitabbaṃ purisaṃ. Manasā ce pasannenā ti karuṇāsamussāhitena pasādena pasannena manasā. Na tena hoti saṃyutto ti tena yathāvuttena anusāsanena kāmacchandādīnaṃ saṃyojanavasena saṃyutto nāma na hoti. Yānukampā anuddayā ti yā ariyamaggasampāpanavasena karuṇāyanā, mettāyanā cā ti attho.

CST102

Rāgo ca doso cā ti rāgadosā heṭṭhā vuttanayāva. Kutonidānā ti kiṃnidānā kiṃhetukā. Paccattavacanassa hi ayaṃ to-ādeso, samāse cassa lopābhāvo veditabbo. Aratī ratī lomahaṃso kutojā ti yāyaṃ pantesu senāsanesu, adhikusalesu ca dhammesu arati ukkaṇṭhitā, yā ca pañcasu kāmaguṇesu rati abhirati āsatti kīḷanādi, yo ca lomahaṃsasamuṭṭhānato lomahaṃsasaṅkhāto cittutrāso, ime tayo dhammā kuto jātā kuto nibbattāti pucchā. Kuto samuṭṭhāyā ti kuto uppajjitvā. Mano ti kusalacittaṃ. Vitakkā ti kāmavitakkādayo. Kumārakā dhaṅkamivosajantī ti yathā kumārakā kīḷantā kākaṃ suttena pāde bandhitvā osajanti khipanti, evaṃ kusalamanaṃ akusalavitakkā kuto samuṭṭhāya osajantīti pucchā.

Rāgo cā ti dutiyagāthā tassā vissajjanaṃ. Tattha ito ti attabhāvaṃ sandhāyāha. Attabhāvanidānā hi rāgadosā, arati rati lomahaṃsā ca attabhāvato jātā. Kāmavitakkādayo attabhāvato eva samuṭṭhāya kusalamanaṃ osajanti. Tena tadaññaṃ pakati ādikāraṇaṃ paṭikkhipanto āha – “itonidānā ito samuṭṭhāyā” ti. Purimagāthāya vuttanayenettha saddasiddhi veditabbā.

Idāni yvāyaṃ “itonidānā” ti ādīsu attabhāvanidānā attabhāvato jātā attabhāvato samuṭṭhāyāti attho vutto, taṃ sādhento āha – “snehajā attasambhūtā” ti. Ete hi rāgādayo vitakkapariyosānā taṇhāsnehena jātā. Tathā jāyantā ca pañcupādānakkhandhabhede attabhāvasaṅkhāte attani sambhūtā. Tenāha – “snehajā attasambhūtā” ti. Idāni tadatthajotikaṃ upamaṃ dasseti “nigrodhasseva khandhajā” ti. Tattha khandhajā ti khandhesu jātā pārohā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā nigrodhassa khandhajasaṅkhātā pārohā āporasasaṅkhāte snehe sati jāyanti, jāyantā ca tasmiṃyeva nigrodhe tesu tesu sākhappadesesu sambhavanti, evaṃ ete rāgādayo ajjhattaṃ taṇhāsnehe sati jāyanti, jāyantā ca tasmiṃyeva attabhāve tesu tesu cakkhādippadesesu iṭṭhārammaṇesu sambhavanti. Tena vuttaṃ – “snehajā attasambhūtā” ti. Puthu visattā kāmesū ti yasmā rāgopi pañcakāmaguṇikādivasena, dosopi āghātavatthuādivasena arati ādayopi tassa tassa bhedassa vasenāti sabbathā sabbepime kilesā puthu anekappakārā hutvā vatthudvārārammaṇādivasena tesu tesu kāmesu tathā tathā visattā laggā saṃsibbitvā ṭhitā. Kimiva? Māluvāva vitatā vane yathā vane vitatā māluvā tesu tesu rukkhasākhappasākhādibhedesu visattā hoti laggā saṃsibbitvā ṭhitā, evaṃ ete kilesā dhammā, tasmā ettha puthupabhedesu vatthukāmesu visattaṃ kilesagahanaṃ.

Ye naṃ pajānanti yatonidānaṃ, te naṃ vinodenti suṇohi yakkha. Tassattho – ye sattā naṃ kilesagahanaṃ “itonidānaṃ esa uppajjatī” ti jānanti, te naṃ taṇhāsinehasinehite attabhāve uppajjatīti ñatvā taṃ taṇhāsinehaṃ ādīnavānupassanādibhāvanāñāṇagginā visosentā vinodenti pajahanti, evaṃ amhākaṃ bhāsitaṃ suṇohi yakkhāti. Te duttaraṃ oghamimaṃ taranti, atiṇṇapubbaṃ apunabbhavāyā ti ye hi saṃkilesagahanaṃ vinodenti, te ekantena maggaṃ bhāventi. Na hi maggabhāvanaṃ vinā kilesavinodanaṃ atthi. Evaṃ maggaṃ bhāventā te pakatiñāṇena duttaraṃ kāmoghādiṃ catubbidhaṃ oghaṃ iminā dīghena addhunā supinantenapi atiṇṇapubbaṃ anatikkantapubbaṃ apunabbhavāya nibbānāya taranti.

Dukkaraṃ bhagavā ti eko kira devaputto pubbayogāvacaro bahalakilesatāya sappayogena kilese vikkhambhento samaṇadhammaṃ katvā pubbahetumandatāya ariyabhūmiṃ appatvāva kālaṃ katvā devaloke nibbatto, so tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā dukkarabhāvaṃ ārocento evamāha. Tattha dukkaran ti dasapi vassāni…pe… saṭṭhipi vassāni ekantaparisuddhassa samaṇadhammassa karaṇaṃ nāmetaṃ dukkaraṃ. Sekkhā ti satta sekkhā. Sīlasamāhitā ti sīlena samāhitā samupetā. Ṭhitattā ti patiṭṭhitasabhāvā. Evaṃ pucchitapañhaṃ vissajjitvā uparipañhaṃ samuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ “anagāriyupetassā” ti ādimāha. Tattha anagāriyupetassā ti anagāriyaṃ niggehabhāvaṃ upagatassa, pabbajitassāti attho. Tuṭṭhī ti catupaccayasantoso.

Bhāvanāyā ti cittavūpasamabhāvanāya. Te chetvā maccuno jālan ti ye rattindivaṃ indriyūpasame ratā, te dussamādahaṃ cittaṃ samādahanti. Ye samāhitacittā, te catupaccayasantosaṃ pūrentā na kilamanti. Ye santuṭṭhā, te sīlaṃ pūrentā na kilamanti. Ye sīle patiṭṭhitā satta sekkhā, te ariyā maccuno jālasaṅkhātaṃ kilesajālaṃ chinditvā gacchanti.

Duggamo ti saccametaṃ, bhante, ye indriyūpasame ratā, te dussamādahaṃ cittaṃ samādahanti. Ye samāhitacittā, te catupaccayasantosaṃ pūrentā na kilamanti. Ye santuṭṭhā, te sīlaṃ pūrentā na kilamanti. Ye sīle paramaggāhino satta sekkhā, te ariyā maccuno jālasaṅkhātaṃ kilesajālaṃ chinditvā gacchanti. Kiṃ na gamissanti, ayaṃ pana duggamo “bhagavā visamo maggo” ti āha. Tattha kiñcāpi ariyamaggo neva duggamo na visamo, pubbabhāgapaṭipadāya panassa bahū parissayā honti, tasmā evaṃ vutto. Avaṃsirā ti ñāṇasirena adhosirā hutvā papatanti. Ariyamaggaṃ ārohituṃ asamatthatāya eva te magge papatantīti vuccanti. Ariyānaṃ samo maggo ti sveva maggo ariyānaṃ samo hoti. Visame samā ti visamepi sattakāye samā eva.

CST103

Idañhi taṃ jetavanan ti anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto jetavanassa c’eva buddhādīnañca vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ āgantvā evamāha. Isisaṅghanisevitan ti bhikkhusaṅghanivesitaṃ. Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya jetavanassa vaṇṇaṃ kathetvā idāni ariyamaggassa vaṇṇaṃ kathento “kammaṃ vijjā” ti ādimāha. Tattha kamman ti maggacetanā. Vijjā ti maggapaññā. Dhammo ti samādhi, samādhipakkhikā vā dhammā. Sīlaṃ jīvitamuttaman ti sīle patiṭṭhitassa jīvitañca uttamanti dasseti. Atha vā vijjā ti diṭṭhisaṅkappā. Dhammo ti vāyāmasatisamādhayo. Sīlan ti vācākammantājīvā. Jīvitamuttaman ti etasmiṃ sīle patiṭṭhitassa jīvitaṃ nāma uttamanti. “Etena maccā sujjhantī” ti etena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena sattā visujjhanti.

Tasmā ti yasmā maggena sujjhanti, na gottadhanehi, tasmā. Yoniso vicine dhamman ti upāyena bodhipakkhiyadhammaṃ vicineyya. Evaṃ tattha visujjhatī ti evaṃ tasmiṃ ariyamagge visujjhati. Atha vā yoniso vicine dhamman ti upāyena ariyasaccadhammaṃ vicineyya. Evaṃ tattha visujjhatī ti evaṃ tesu catūsu ariyasaccesu visujjhati. Idāni sāriputtattherassa vaṇṇaṃ kathento “sāriputtovā” ti ādimāha. Tattha sāriputtovā ti avadhāraṇavacanaṃ, etehi paññādīhi sāriputtova seyyoti vadati. Upasamenā ti kilesavūpasamena. Pāraṅgato ti nibbānaṃ gato, yo koci nibbānapatto bhikkhu, na tādiso. Etāvaparamo siyā, na therā uttaritaro nāma sāvako atthīti vadati.

Atītan ti atīte pañcakkhandhe. Nānvāgameyyā ti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi nānugaccheyya. Nappaṭikaṅkhe ti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi na pattheyya. Yadatītan ti idamettha kāraṇavacanaṃ. Yasmā yaṃ atītaṃ, taṃ pahīnaṃ niruddhaṃ atthaṅgataṃ, tasmā taṃ nānugaccheyya. Yasmā ca yaṃ tattha anāgataṃ, taṃ appattaṃ ajātaṃ anibbattaṃ, tasmā tampi na pattheyya. Tattha tatthā ti paccuppannampi dhammaṃ yattha yattheva so uppanno, tattha tattheva naṃ aniccānupassanādīhi sattahi anupassanāhi vipassati, araññādīsu vā tattha tattha vipassati. Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppan ti idaṃ vipassanāpaṭivipassanādassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Vipassanā hi rāgādīhi na saṃhirati na kuppatīti asaṃhīrā asaṃkuppā, taṃ anubrūhaye vaḍḍheyya paṭivipasseyyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā nibbānaṃ rāgādīhi na saṃhirati na kuppatīti asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā paṇḍito bhikkhu anubrūhaye, punappunaṃ tadārammaṇaṃ phalasamāpattiṃ appento vaḍḍheyyāti attho.

Tassa pana anubrūhanassa atthāya ajjeva kiccamātappan ti kilesānaṃ ātāpanaparitāpanena “ātappan” ti laddhanāmaṃ vīriyaṃ ajjeva kātabbaṃ. Ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve ti sve jīvitaṃ vā maraṇaṃ vā ko jānāti. Ajjeva dānaṃ dassāmi, sīlaṃ vā rakkhissāmi, aññataraṃ vā pana kusalaṃ karissāmi, “ajja tāva papañco atthi, sve vā punadivase vā jānissāmī” ti cittaṃ anuppādetvā “ajjeva karissāmī” ti evaṃ vīriyaṃ kātabbanti dasseti. Mahāsenenā ti ahivicchikavisasatthādīni hi anekāni maraṇakāraṇāni tassa senāti tāya mahatiyā senāya vasena mahāsenena evarūpena maccunā saddhiṃ “katipāhaṃ tāva āgamehi, yāvāhaṃ buddhapūjādiṃ attano avassayaṃ kammaṃ karomī” ti evaṃ mittasanthavākārasaṅkhāto vā “idaṃ sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā gahetvā katipāhaṃ āgamehī” ti evaṃ lañjānuppadānasaṅkhāto vā “iminā balarāsinā paṭibāhissāmī” ti evaṃ balarāsisaṅkhāto vā saṅgaro natthi. Saṅgaroti hi mittakaraṇalañjadānabalarāsisaṅkaḍḍhanānaṃ nāmaṃ, tasmā ayamattho vutto. Atanditan ti analasaṃ uṭṭhāhakaṃ. Evaṃ paṭipannattā bhaddo ekaratto assāti bhaddekaratto. Itī ti evaṃ paṭipannaṃ puggalaṃ “bhaddekaratto ayan” ti rāgādisantatāya santo buddhamuni ācikkhati.

Cakkhunā paññāya cā ti cakkhunā ca paññāya ca. Cakkhubhūtāya vā paññāya. Satiyā paññāya cā ti satiyā ca paññāya ca, sativisiṭṭhāya vā paññāya. Kāyenā ti nāmakāyena.

Dibbacakkhu suvisuddhan ti dibbaṃ cakkhu suvisuddhaṃ, yaṃ sacchikarotīti adhippāyo. Pubbenivāsā ti purimāsu jātīsu nivutthakkhandhā. Iddhividhā ti iddhikoṭṭhāsā. Nirodho ti nibbānaṃ. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.

CST104

Yassa selūpamaṃ cittan ti ekaghanaṃ selaṃ viya pakativātehi lokadhammavātehi akampanīyato yassa cittaṃ selūpamaṃ. Tenāha – “ṭhitaṃ nānupakampatī” ti. Rajanīyesū ti lābhādīsu. Kopaneyye ti alābhādike. Kuto naṃ dukkhamessatī ti taṃ evaṃ bhāvitacittaṃ vītikkantalokadhammaṃ uttamapurisaṃ lokadhammahetukaṃ dukkhaṃ nānugamissati.

Yo brāhmaṇo ti bāhitapāpadhammatāya brāhmaṇo, na diṭṭhamaṅgalikatāya huṃhuṅkārakasāvādipāpadhammayutto hutvā kevalaṃ jātimattena brāhmaṇoti paṭijānāti. So brāhmaṇo bāhitapāpadhammattā huṃhuṅkārappahānena nihuṃhuṅko. Rāgādikasāvābhāvena nikkabhāvo. Sīlasaṃvarena saṃyatacittatāya yatatto. Catumaggañāṇasaṅkhātehi vedehi antaṃ nibbānaṃ, vedānaṃ vā antaṃ gatattā vedantagū. Maggabrahmacariyassa vusitattā vūsitabrahmacariyo. Dhammena so brahmavādaṃ vadeyyā ti so “brāhmaṇo ahan” ti etaṃ vādaṃ vadeyya. Yassa sakalalokasannivāse kuhiñci ekārammaṇepi rāgussado dosussado mohussado mānussado diṭṭhussadoti ime ussadā natthī ti attho.

Na gādhatī ti na patiṭṭhahati. Sukkā ti sukkasaṅkhātā gahā. Yadi candimasūriyādīnaṃ pabhā tattha natthi, tamo eva ca siyāti āsaṅkamāne sandhāyāha “tamo tattha na vijjatī” ti. Yadā ca attanāvedī ti ādīsu evaṃvidhaṃ nibbānaṃ attapaccakkhena ñāṇena yadā vindati, atha rūpārūpadhammato sukhadukkhato ca vippamutto hotīti.

Sakesu dhammesū ti sakaattabhāvasaṅkhātesu upādānakkhandhesu. Yebhuyyena hi ajjhattaṃ vipassanābhiniveso hotīti. Etaṃ pisācan ti ajakalāpaka, etaṃ tayā vuttaṃ pisācaṃ kilesapisācañca. Pakkulan ti tayā kataṃ akkulaṃ pakkulakaraṇañca. Ativattatī ti atikkamati.

Nābhinandati āyantin ti purāṇadutiyikaṃ āgacchantiṃ aññaṃ vā na abhinandati cittena na sampaṭicchati. Tameva pakkamantiṃ na socati. Saṅgā saṅgāmajiṃ muttan ti pañcavidhāpi saṅgato muttaṃ saṅgāmajiṃ bhikkhuṃ.

Bahvetthā ti bahu ettha nhāyati jano, na tena so suddho nāma hotīti adhippāyo.

Jātibalaṃ nisedhan ti jātibalassa nisedhakaṃ. Sahāyā vatā ti samathavipassanābhāvanāya saha ayanavasena sahāyā vata. Kālena kālaṃ sappāyadhammassa savanavasena cirarattaṃ sameti samāgamo etesanti cirarattasametikā. Sithilamārabbhā ti sithilaṃ vīriyaṃ katvā.

CST105

Tatra kho, bhikkhave, ko viseso ti satthu sāvakassa ca pañcasveva upādānakkhandhesu nibbidādayoti pubbabhāgapaṭipattiyaṃ anupādāvimuttiyañca heṭṭhā upari ca visesābhāvaṃ dasseti. Vuttañ h’etaṃ – “natthi vimuttiyā nānattan” ti (a. ni. 5.31; kathā. 355 atthato samānaṃ). Tattha visesābhāvaṃ paccāmasati “tatra ko viseso” ti. Adhippayāso ti adhikapayogo. Nānākaraṇan ti ca visesoyeva vutto.

Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, viseso ti bhikkhave, yadipi sāvakassa satthu ca vimuttiyaṃ viseso natthi, sayambhuñāṇena pana savāsanasabbakilese khepetvā sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhitvā anuppannassa ariyamaggassa parasantāne uppādanādisakalasabbaññuguṇasamāyogo. Ayaṃ sammāsambuddhassa paññāvimuttato visesoti. Tattha anuppannassā ti avattamānassa. Ariyamaggañhi kassapasammāsambuddho uppādesi. Antarā añño satthā uppādetā nāma nāhosi, tasmā ayaṃ bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā nāma. Asañjātassā ti tasseva vevacanaṃ. Anakkhātassā ti akathitassa. Maggaṃ jānātīti maggaññū. Maggaṃ viditaṃ pākaṭaṃ akāsīti maggavidū. Magge ca amagge ca kovidoti maggakovido. Maggānugā ti maggaṃ anugacchantā. Pacchāsamannāgatā ti ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ samannāgato, sāvakā pacchā samannāgatā.

CST106

“Nīce kule paccājāto” ti ādinā (a. ni. 4.85; pu. pa. 168) tamena yuttoti tamo. Kāyaduccaritādīhi puna nirayatamupagamanato tamaparāyaṇo. Iti ubhayenapi khandhatamova kathito hoti. “Aḍḍhe kule paccājāto” ti ādinā (a. ni. 4.85; pu. pa. 168) jotinā yuttoti joti, ālokabhūtoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kāyasucaritādīhi puna saggūpapattibhavūpagamanato jotiparāyaṇo. Iminā nayena itarepi dve veditabbā.

Na taṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā ti ettha dhīrā ti buddhādayo paṇḍitapurisā. Yaṃ saṅkhalikasaṅkhātaṃ ayena nibbattaṃ āyasaṃ addubandhanasaṅkhātaṃ dārumayañca pabbajatiṇehi rajjuṃ katvā katarajjubandhanañca, taṃ asiādīhi chindituṃ sakkuṇeyyatāya “thiran” ti na vadantīti attho. Sārattarattā ti rattā hutvā rattā. Balavarāgarattāti attho. Maṇikuṇḍalesū ti maṇīsu ca kuṇḍalesu ca, maṇicittesu vā kuṇḍalesu. Etaṃ daḷhan ti ye maṇikuṇḍalesu sārattarattā, tesu yo rāgo, yā ca puttadāresu apekkhā taṇhā, etaṃ kilesamayaṃ bandhanaṃ paṇḍitapurisā “daḷhan” ti vadanti.

Ohārinan ti ākaḍḍhitvā catūsu apāyesu pātanato avaharati heṭṭhā haratīti ohārinaṃ. Sithilan ti bandhanaṭṭhāne chaviādīni akopetvā bandhanabhāvampi ajānāpetvā jalapathathalapathādīsu kammaṃ kātuṃ detīti sithilaṃ. Duppamuñcan ti lobhavasena hi ekavārampi uppannaṃ kilesabandhanaṃ daṭṭhaṭṭhānato kacchapo viya dummocayaṃ hotīti duppamuñcaṃ. Etampi chetvānā ti etaṃ daḷhampi kilesabandhanaṃ ñāṇakhaggena chinditvā anapekkhino hutvā kāmasukhaṃ pahāya paribbajanti pakkamanti pabbajanti cā ti attho.

CST107

Cetetī ti akusalacetanāvasena ceteti. Pakappetī ti tameva akusalacetanaṃ kāyavacīkammabhāvaṃ pāpanavasena kappeti. Anusetī ti rāgādianusayova santāne appahīnabhāvena anuseti. Ārammaṇametaṃ hoti viññāṇassa ṭhitiyā ti yadetaṃ cetanaṃ pakappanaṃ anusayanañca, etaṃ abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇassa ṭhitiyā pavattiyā paccayo hotīti attho. Ārammaṇe sati patiṭṭhā viññāṇassa hotī ti yathāvuttapaccaye sati abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇassa kammaṃ javāpetvā paṭisandhiākaḍḍhanasamatthatāsampādanato patiṭṭhā hoti. Āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hotī ti āyatiṃ punabbhavasaṅkhātā viññāṇādīnaṃ abhinibbatti hoti.

“No ce, bhikkhave, cetetī” ti ādinā akusalakammameva paṭikkhipati. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho, yadipi kadāci yonisomanasikārā akusalacetanā nappavattati, anusayā pana appahīnāti, te kusalassa abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇassa patiṭṭhā honti yevāti. Sati ca abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇe āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hotīti vattuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Tatiyavāro vuttapaṭipakkhanayena veditabbo.

CST108

“Neso, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye samuddo” ti ādi yadi duppūraṇaṭṭhena saṃsīdanaṭṭhena duratikkamanaṭṭhena sāgaro “samuddo” ti vucceyya, tato satabhāgenapi sahassabhāgenapi cakkhuādīsveva ayaṃ nayo labbhatīti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Tenāha – “cakkhu, bhikkhave, purisassa samuddo, tassa rūpamayo vego” ti, rūpesu sattānaṃ āviñchanato rūpāyatanameva vego cakkhussa vegoti attho.

Yo taṃ rūpamayaṃ vegaṃ sahatī ti yo bhikkhu saha visayena cakkhuṃ aniccato dukkhato anattato sammasanto tattha ca nibbindanto virajjanto tappaṭibaddhato kilesajālato vimuccanto abhibhavati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atari cakkhusamuddan ti ayaṃ bhikkhu cakkhusaṅkhātaṃ samuddaṃ tiṇṇoti vuccati.

Aparo nayo – cakkhu, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye samuddoti yadipi duppūraṇaṭṭhena yadi vā samudanaṭṭhena samuddo, cakkhumeva samuddo. Tassa hi pathavito yāva akaniṭṭhabrahmalokā nīlādiārammaṇaṃ samosarantaṃ paripuṇṇabhāvaṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti. Evaṃ duppūraṇaṭṭhenapi samuddo. Cakkhu ca tesu tesu nīlādiārammaṇesu samudeti asaṃvutaṃ hutvā osaramānaṃ kilesuppattiyā kāraṇabhāvena sadosabhāvena gacchatīti samudanaṭṭhenapi samuddo. Tathā cakkhuṃ taṇhāsotādīnaṃ uppattidvāratāya tehi santānassa samudanaṭṭhena temanaṭṭhena samuddo. Tassa rūpamayo vego ti samuddassa appamāṇo ūmimayo vego viya tassāpi cakkhusamuddassa samosarantassa nīlādibhedassa ārammaṇassa vasena appameyyo rūpamayo vego veditabbo. Yo taṃ rūpamayaṃ vegaṃ sahatī ti yo taṃ cakkhusamudde samosarantaṃ rūpamayaṃ vegaṃ manāpe rūpe rāgaṃ, amanāpe dosaṃ, asamapekkhane mohanti evaṃ rāgādikilese anuppādento upekkhakabhāvena sahati.

Saūmin ti ādīsu kilesaūmīhi saūmiṃ. Kilesavaṭṭehi sāvaṭṭaṃ. Kilesagahehi sagahaṃ. Kilesarakkhasehi sarakkhasaṃ. Kodhupāyāsassa vā vasena saūmiṃ. Kāmaguṇavasena sāvaṭṭaṃ. Mātugāmavasena sagahaṃ sarakkhasaṃ. Vuttañ h’etaṃ – “ūmibhayanti kho, bhikkhave, kodhupāyāsassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ (itivu. 109; ma. ni. 2.162; a. ni. 4.122). Tathā āvaṭṭanti kho, bhikkhave, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ (itivu. 109; ma. ni. 2.164; a. ni. 4.122). Gaharakkhasoti kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmassetaṃ adhivacanan” ti (itivu. 109). Sesadvāresupi eseva nayo.

Saūmibhayaṃ duttaraṃ accatarī ti aniccatādiūmibhayena sabhayaṃ duratikkamaṃ atikkami. Lokantagū ti saṃsāralokassa antaṃ gato. Pāragatoti vuccatī ti nibbānaṃ gatoti kathīyati.

Baḷisā ti sattānaṃ anatthahetutāya baḷisā viya baḷisā. Anayāyā ti anatthāya. Byābādhāyā ti dukkhāya. Iṭṭhā ti pariyiṭṭhā vā apariyiṭṭhā vā sukhārammaṇatāya iṭṭhā. Kāmanīyaṭṭhena kantā. Manassa vaḍḍhanaṭṭhena manāpā. Piyasabhāvatāya piyarūpā. Kilesakāmasahitattā kāmūpasaṃhitā. Rāgajananaṭṭhena cittassa rañjanato rajanīyā. Tañce ti taṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ, nīlādivasena anekabhedabhinnampi hi rūpāyatanaṃ rūpārammaṇabhāvena cakkhuviññeyyabhāvena ca ekavidhataṃ nātivattatīti taṃsabhāvasāmaññaṃ gahetvā “tañce” ti vuttaṃ. Abhinandatī ti abhinandanabhūtāya sappītikataṇhāya abhimukho nandati. Abhivadatī ti “aho sukhaṃ, aho sukhan” ti vadāpentiyā taṇhāyanavasena abhivadati. Ajjhosāya tiṭṭhatī ti gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā tiṭṭhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilitabaḷiso mārassā ti ayaṃ, bhikkhu, kilesamārassa baḷisabhūtaṃ rūpataṇhaṃ gilitvā ṭhitoti vuccati. Sesavāresupi iminā nayena attho veditabbo. Abhedī ti bhindi. Paribhedī ti sabbabhāgena bhindi. Sesaṃ uttānameva.

CST109

Ayaṃ loko santāpajāto ti ayaṃ sattaloko jātasantāpo ñātibyasanādivasena uppannasokasantāpo ca rāgādivasena uppannapariḷāhasantāpo cā ti attho. Phassapareto ti anekehi dukkhaphassehi abhibhūto. Rodaṃ vadati attato ti taṃ taṃ attanā phuṭṭhaṃ dukkhaṃ abhāvitakāyatāya adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto “aho dukkhaṃ, īdisaṃ dukkhaṃ mayhaṃ sattunopi mā hotū” ti ādinā vilapanto vadati. Kasmā? Yena yena hi maññanti, tato taṃ hoti aññathā, yasmā ete sattā yena yena pakārena attano dukkhassa paṭikāraṃ maññanti āsīsanti, taṃ dukkhaṃ tato aññena pakārena tikicchitabbaṃ hoti. Yena vā pakārena attano vaḍḍhiṃ maññanti, tato aññathā avaḍḍhi eva pana hoti. Evaṃ aññathābhāvitaṃ icchāvighātaṃ eva pāpuṇāti. Ayaṃ bhavasatto kāmādibhavesu satto sattaloko, tathāpi bhavamevābhinandati, na tattha nibbindati. Yadabhinandati taṃ bhayan ti yaṃ kāmādibhavaṃ abhinandati, taṃ jarāmaraṇādianekabyasanānubandhattā ativiya bhayānakaṭṭhena bhayaṃ. Yassa bhāyatī ti yato jarāmaraṇādito bhāyati, taṃ dukkhassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato dukkhadukkhatāya ca dukkhan ti.

Bhavavippahānāyā ti bhavassa pajahanatthāya. Kho ti avadhāraṇatthe nipāto. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ekanteneva kāmādibhavassa samudayappahānena pahānatthaṃ idaṃ mayā adhigataṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ vussatī ti.

Evaṃ ariyassa maggassa ekaṃseneva niyyānikabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni aññamaggassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ paṭikkhipanto “ye hi kecī” ti ādimāha. Tattha bhavenā ti rūpabhavena vā arūpabhavena vā. Bhavassā ti saṃsārassa. Vippamokkhan ti bhavato vimuttiṃ, saṃsārasuddhinti attho. Kiñcāpi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā tattha nibbānasaññino, bhavagāmikammena pana rūpārūpajjhānena, taṃnibbattena ca upapattibhavena bhavavisuddhiṃ vadantā bhavena bhavavippamokkhaṃ vadanti nāma. Tenāha – “sabbe te avippamuttā bhavasmāti vadāmī” ti. Atha vā bhavenā ti bhavadiṭṭhiyā, bhavati tiṭṭhati sassatanti hi pavattanato sassatadiṭṭhi “bhavadiṭṭhī” ti vuccati. Bhavadiṭṭhi eva uttarapadalopena “bhavo” ti vuttā bhavataṇhāti ādīsu viya. Bhavadiṭṭhivasena hi idhekacce bhavavisesaṃyeva bhavavippamokkhaṃ maññanti. Yathā taṃ bako brahmā āha – “idaṃ niccaṃ, idaṃ dhuvaṃ, idaṃ sassataṃ, idaṃ avipariṇāmadhamman” ti (ma. ni. 1.501; saṃ. ni. 1.175). Vibhavenā ti ucchedadiṭṭhiyā. Vibhavati vinassati ucchijjatīti hi pavattanato ucchedadiṭṭhi vuttanayena “vibhavo” ti vuccati. Bhavassa nissaraṇamāhaṃsū ti saṃsārasuddhiṃ vadiṃsu. Ucchedadiṭṭhivasena hi idhekacce saṃsārasuddhiṃ vadanti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ –

“Yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā rūpī cātumahābhūtiko…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā sammā samucchinno hotī” ti (dī. ni. 1.91).

Anissaṭā ti anikkhantā. Tattha kāraṇamāha – “upadhiñhi paṭicca dukkhamidaṃ sambhotī” ti. Tattha upadhin ti khandhādiupadhiṃ. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yattha ime diṭṭhigatikā nibbānasaññino, tattha khandhūpadhikilesūpadhiabhisaṅkhārūpadhayo adhigatā ñātā. Kuto tassa dukkhanissaraṇatāti. Yaṃ pana paramatthato dukkhanissaraṇaṃ, taṃ dassetuṃ “sabbupādānakkhayā natthi dukkhassa sambhavo” ti vuttaṃ.

Lokamimaṃ passā ti bhagavā attano cittaṃ ālapati. Puthū ti visuṃ visuṃ. Avijjāya paretan ti mohena abhibhūtaṃ. Bhūtan ti khandhapañcakaṃ. Bhūtaratan ti itthī purise, puriso itthiyāti evaṃ aññamaññaṃ sattesu rataṃ, tato eva bhavā aparimuttā. Ye hi keci bhavā ti ittarakhaṇā vā dīghāyukā vā sātavanto vā asātavanto vā bhavā. Sabbadhī ti uddhaṃ adho tiriyanti sabbattha. Sabbatthatāyā ti sabbabhāvena. Sabbe te bhavā ti ādīsu “sabbepi bhavā aniccā” ti ādinā vipassanāsahitāya maggapaññāya aviparītaṃ passato bhavataṇhāpi pahīyati nirujjhati, vibhavaṃ ucchedampi nābhinandati na pattheti, tassa sabba taṇhānaṃ anavasesato maggena nirujjhanato nibbānaṃ nibbuti hoti. Tassa evaṃ nibbutassa bhikkhuno anupādā kilesābhisaṅkhārānaṃ anupādānato aggahaṇato punabbhavo na hoti. Evaṃbhūtena ca abhibhūto pañcavidhopi māro vijito assa anena mārena saṅgāmo, sabbepi bhave samatikkanto iṭṭhāniṭṭhādīsu tādilakkhaṇappattoti.

Anusotagāmī andhaputhujjano paṭisotagāmī kalyāṇaputhujjano. Ṭhitatto sekkho. Itaro asekkho.

CST110

Abhijātiko ti jātiyo. Kaṇhābhijātiko ti kaṇhe nīce kule jāto. Kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyatī ti kāḷakaṃ dasavidhaṃ dussīladhammaṃ pasavati karoti, so taṃ abhijāyitvā niraye nibbattati. Sukkaṃ dhamman ti “ahaṃ pubbepi puññānaṃ akatattā nīce kule nibbatto, idāni puññaṃ karissāmī” ti puññasaṅkhātaṃ sukkaṃ paṇḍaraṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati, so tena sagge nibbattati. Akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ nibbānan ti nibbānañhi sace kaṇhaṃ bhaveyya, kaṇhavipākaṃ dadeyya. Sukkaṃ, sukkavipākaṃ dadeyya. Dvinnampi appadānato pana “akaṇhaṃ asukkan” ti vuttaṃ. Nibbānan ti c’ettha arahattaṃ adhippetaṃ. Tañhi kilesanibbānante jātattā nibbānaṃ nāma. Taṃ esa abhijāyati pasavati karoti. Sukkābhijātiko ti sukke ucce kule jāto. Sesaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. “Kaṇhaṃ kaṇhavipākan” ti ādikassa kammacatukkassa attho heṭṭhā hārasampātavāre vibhatto eva.

CST111

Mānusattan ti manussabhāvaṃ, manussayoninti attho. Dve ti kiccaṃ akiccameva cā ti dve. Kiccāni tveva kattabbāni, na cākiccaṃ kiñci kattabbanti dasseti. Sukiccan ti ādi “kiccan” ti vuttānaṃ tesaṃ sarūpadassanaṃ.

Padhānānī ti uttamāni visiṭṭhāni. Purimasmiṃ pabbajitesū ti visaye bhummaṃ. Dutiye adhikaraṇe. Tattha nibbānan ti arahattaṃ adhippetaṃ. Kasmā panettha āmisapariccāgo arahattena samadhuro niddiṭṭhoti? Dakkhiṇeyyesu dakkhiṇāya mahapphalabhāvadassanatthaṃ. Yena yena vā pana vatthunā ti ucchedādivatthunā. Ajjhositā ti bhavataṇhādivasena ajjhositā. Dutiye yena yena vā pana vatthunā ti amarāvikkhepavatthuādinā.

Iminā asubhena kammavipākenā ti asubhassa kāyaduccaritādikammassa vipākattā asubhena asivena kammavipākena. Idaṃ bālalakkhaṇaṃ nibbattatī ti purimasmiṃ bhave duccaritasamaṅgitāya bālo ayaṃ bhavatīti upalakkhaṇaṃ jāyati. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttan ti idaṃ evaṃ pavattaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ nāma suttaṃ.

Iminā subhenā ti ettha vuttanayānusārena attho veditabbo. Tattha mahāpurisalakkhaṇan ti paṇḍitalakkhaṇaṃ. Kilesabhūmīhī ti kilesaṭṭhānehi kilesāvatthāhi vā. Sānusayassa pariyuṭṭhānaṃ jāyatī ti appahīnānusayassa paccayasamāyoge rāgādayo pariyuṭṭhānavasena pavattanti. Pariyuṭṭhito saṃyujjatī ti yo rāgādīhi pariyuṭṭhitacitto, so kāmarāgādīhi saṃyujjati nāma. Saṃyujjanto upādiyatī ti yo kāmarāgasaṃyojanādīhi saṃyutto, so kāmupādānādīni akusalakammāni ca upādiyati. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānameva.

CST112

Evaṃ soḷasavidhena sāsanapaṭṭhānaṃ nānāsuttehi udāharaṇavasena vibhajitvā idāni aṭṭhavīsatividhena sāsanapaṭṭhānaṃ dassentena yasmā ayampi paṭṭhānavibhāgo mūlapadehi saṅgahito, na imassāpi tehi asaṅgahito padeso atthi, tasmā mūlapadaṃ vibhajitabbatañca dassetuṃ “tattha katame aṭṭhārasa mūlapadā” ti pucchāya vasena mūlapadāni uddharitvā “lokiyaṃ lokuttaran” ti ādinā navatikā, thavo cā ti aṭṭhavīsatividhaṃ sāsanapaṭṭhānaṃ uddiṭṭhaṃ. Tattha lokiyan ti loke niyutto, loke vā vidito lokiyo. Idha pana lokiyo attho yasmiṃ sutte vutto, taṃ suttaṃ lokiyaṃ. Tathā lokuttaraṃ. Yasmiṃ pana sutte padesena lokiyo, padesena lokuttaro vutto, taṃ lokiyañca lokuttarañca. Yañca satte adhiṭṭhāya sattapaññattimukhena desitaṃ, taṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Dhammavaseneva desitaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Ubhayavasena desitaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca. Iminā nayena sabbapadesu attho veditabbo. Buddhādīnaṃ pana guṇābhitthavanavasena pavattaṃ suttaṃ thavo nāma.

Tattha sajjukhīran ti taṅkhaṇaṃyeva dhenuyā thanehi nikkhantaṃ abbhuṇhakhīraṃ. Muccatī ti pariṇamati. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā dhenuyā thanato nikkhantaṃ khīraṃ taṅkhaṇaṃyeva na muccati na pariṇamati na dadhibhāvaṃ gacchati, takkādiambilasamāyogato pana parato kālantarena pakatiṃ jahati dadhibhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti, evamevaṃ pāpakammampi kiriyakkhaṇeyeva na vipaccati. Yadi vipacceyya, nānāgatīnaṃ sabhāvaṭṭhānaṃ siyā, na koci pāpakammaṃ kātuṃ visaheyya. Yāva pana kusalābhinibbattakkhandhā caranti, tāva taṃ te rakkhanti, tesaṃ bhedā apāyesu nibbattāpanavasena vipaccati. Vipaccamānañca ḍahantaṃ bālamanveti, kiṃ viya? Bhasmacchannova pāvako. Yathā hi chārikāya paṭicchanno vītaccitaṅgāro akkantopi chārikāya paṭicchannattā na tāva ḍahati, chārikaṃ pana tāpetvā cammādīni ḍahanavasena yāva matthaluṅgā ḍahanto gacchati, evamevaṃ pāpakammampi yena kataṃ, taṃ bālaṃ dutiye vā tatiye vā attabhāve nirayādīsu nibbattaṃ ḍahantaṃ anugacchatīti.

Yassindriyānī ti tatthāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – yassa bhikkhuno chekena sārathinā sudantā assā viya cha indriyāni samathaṃ dantabhāvaṃ nibbisevanabhāvaṃ gatāni, tassa navavidhaṃ mānaṃ pahāya ṭhitattā pahīnamānassa catunnaṃ āsavānaṃ abhāvena anāsavassa tādibhāve ṭhitassa tathārūpassa devāpi pihayanti, manussāpi dassanañca āgamanañca patthentiyevāti. Āhāre satī ti āhārapaṭibaddhe chandarāge appahīne sati.

CST113

Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā ti parito dasapi disā cittena anugantvā. Nevajjhagā ti neva adhigaccheyya. Piyataran ti atisayena piyaṃ. Attanā ti attato. Evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresan ti evaṃ kassacipi attanā piyatarassa anupalabbhanavasena visuṃ visuṃ paresaṃ sattānaṃ attā piyo. Yasmā ca etadeva, tasmā na hiṃse paraṃ attakāmo attano sukhakāmoti.

Bhūtā ti jātā nibbattā. Bhavissantī ti nibbattissanti. Bhūtā ti vā khīṇāsavā. Te hi pahīnabhavattā bhūtā eva. Gamissantī ti paralokaṃ gamissanti. Khīṇāsavā pana anupādisesaṃ nibbānaṃ.

Piyo ca hotī ti suparisuddhāya sīlasampattiyā, suparisuddhāya ca diṭṭhisampattiyā samannāgato piyo piyāyitabbo hoti. Vuttañ h’etaṃ –

“Sīladassanasampannaṃ, dhammaṭṭhaṃ saccavādinaṃ;
Attano kammakubbānaṃ, taṃ jano kurute piyan” ti. (dha. pa. 217)

Pāsāṇacchattaṃ viya garukātabbatāya garu. Uttarimanussadhammavasena sambhāvetabbatāya bhāvanīyo. Sīlaguṇena vā piyagaruādibhāvā veditabbā. Tathā hi vuttaṃ – “ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo ca assaṃ manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cā’ti, sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī” ti (ma. ni. 1.65).

Vattā ti “kālena vakkhāmī” ti ādipañcadhamme attani upaṭṭhāpetvā sabrahmacārīnaṃ ullumpanabhāve ṭhatvā vattā. Vacanakkhamo ti sabrahmacārīhi yena kenaci vuccamāno subbaco hutvā padakkhiṇaggāhitāya tesaṃ vacanaṃ khamatīti vacanakkhamo. Vattā ti vā dhammakathāvasena vacanasīlo. Vacanakkhamo ti dhammaṃ saṃvaṇṇento parehi asaṃhīro hutvā tesaṃ pucchāvacanakkhamatāya vacanakkhamo. Gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā ti saccapaṭiccasamuppādādiṃ, aññaṃ vā gambhīrakathaṃ kattā. Na caṭṭhāne niyojako ti dhammavinayādiṃ adhammāvinayādivasena avatvā dhammavinayādivaseneva dīpanato na ca aṭṭhāne niyojako.

Mātaraṃ pitaraṃ hantvā ti ettha “taṇhā janeti purisan” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.55-57) vacanato tīsu bhavesu sattānaṃ jananato taṇhā mātā nāma. “Ahaṃ asukassa nāma rañño, rājamahāmattassa vā putto” ti pitaraṃ nissāya asmimānassa uppajjanato asmimāno pitā nāma. Loko viya rājānaṃ yasmā sabbadiṭṭhigatāni dve sassatucchedadiṭṭhiyo bhajanti, tasmā sassatucchedadiṭṭhiyo dve khattiyā rājāno nāma. Dvādasāyatanāni vitthataṭṭhena raṭṭhasadisattā raṭṭhaṃ nāma. Āyasādhako āyuttakapuriso viya taṃnissito nandirāgo anucaro nāma.

Anīgho ti niddukkho. Brāhmaṇo ti khīṇāsavo. Etena hi taṇhādayo arahattamaggañāṇāsinā hatā bāhitā. Yātī ti so brāhmaṇo niddukkho hutvā yātīti.

Kāye ti karajakāye. Cittan ti pādakajjhānacittaṃ. Samodahatī ti pakkhipati. Yadā dissamānena kāyena gantukāmo hoti, tadā kāyagatikaṃ pādakajjhānacittaṃ adhiṭṭhahatīti attho. Cittepi kāyaṃ samodahatī ti yadā sīghaṃ gantukāmo hoti, tadā pādakajjhānacitte kāyaṃ pakkhipati, cittagatikaṃ kāyaṃ adhiṭṭhahatīti attho. Kāye sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā ti “seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyyā” ti vuttanayena (mahāva. 8, 137; dī. ni. 2.66; ma. ni. 1.282; 2.338; saṃ. ni. 1.172) iddhimā kāye sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā paresaṃ dissamānena kāyena ārāmarāmaṇeyyakādīni pekkhamāno cittakkhaṇeneva icchitaṭṭhānaṃ gacchati.

CST114

Yaṃ taṃ lokuttaraṃ ñāṇan ti sabbaṃ lokaṃ uttaritvā abhibhavitvā ṭhitattā vuttaṃ, na pana lokuttarabhūmikattā. Sabbakāle pavattatī ti āvajjanapaṭibaddhavuttittā vuttaṃ, na satataṃ samitaṃ pavattatīti. Na hi sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ Bhagavato sabbasmiṃyeva kāle uppajjatīti sakkā vattunti.

Kittayissāmi te santin ti sabbakilesavūpasamahetutāya santiṃ nibbānaṃ dassessāmi. Diṭṭhe dhamme ti diṭṭhe dukkhādidhamme, imasmiṃ eva vā attabhāve. Anītihan ti itihāsāti evaṃ na itikirāya pavattaṃ, attapaccakkhanti attho. Yaṃ viditvā sato caran ti “sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā” ti ādinā (dha. pa. 277; theragā. 676; netti. 5) nayena sato hutvā caranto ariyamaggena yaṃ santiṃ viditvā. Tare loke visattikan ti saṅkhāraloke visappanato visattikasaṅkhātaṃ taṇhaṃ tare tareyya samatikkameyyāti attho.

Tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmī ti taṃ vuttappakāraṃ santijotakaṃ tumhākaṃ vacanaṃ ahaṃ patthayāmi, taṃ eva vā santiṃ uttamaṃ abhinandāmīti dhotako vadati. Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe ti ettha uddhan ti anāgataṃ upari ca. Adho ti atītaṃ heṭṭhā ca. Tiriyañcāpi majjhe ti paccuppannaṃ parito ca. Etaṃ viditvā saṅgotī ti etaṃ anāgatādiṃ saṅgajananaṭṭhānanti ñatvā. Bhavābhavāyā ti khuddakānañceva mahantānañca bhavānaṃ atthāya, sassatucchedāya vā.

Ariyasaccānan ti ariyabhāvakarānaṃ saccānaṃ. Ananubodhā ti abujjhanena ajānanena. Appaṭivedhā ti appaṭivijjhanena. Sandhāvitan ti bhavato bhavassa gamanena sandhāvitaṃ. Saṃsaritan ti punappunaṃ gamanavasena saṃsaritaṃ. Mamañceva tumhākañcā ti mayā c’eva tumhehi ca. Atha vā sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritan ti sandhāvanaṃ saṃsaraṇaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca ahosīti attho. Bhavanettī ti bhavābhavaṃ nayanasamatthā taṇhārajju. Saṃsitan ti saṃsaritaṃ. Samūhatā ti suṭṭhu hatā chinnā appavattikatā.

Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā ti paccayehi saṅkharīyantīti “saṅkhārā” ti laddhanāmā pañcakkhandhā. Ādiantavantato aniccantikato tāvakālikato khaṇaparittato ca na niccāti aniccā. Yadā paññāya passatī ti yadā vipassanāpaññāya passati. Atha imasmiṃ vaṭṭadukkhe nibbindati, nibbindanto dukkhaparijānanādivasena saccāni paṭivijjhati. Esa maggo visuddhiyā ti yvāyaṃ vuttanayena saccappaṭivedho, esa visuddhatthāya maggo. Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā ti sabbe saṅkhārā abhiṇhasampaṭipīḷanaṭṭhena khayaṭṭhena ca dukkhāti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Sabbe dhammā anattā ti sabbepi tebhūmakadhammā parato tucchato suññato asārato avasavattanato ca anattāti. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva.

Seyyo ti visiṭṭho uttamo. Sadiso ti samāno. Hīno ti lāmako. Omānopi hi attano avaṅkaraṇamukhenapi saṃpaggaṇhanavaseneva pavattati. Tena vuttaṃ “hīnohamasmī” ti. Kimaññatra yathābhūtassa adassanā ti sarasapabhaṅgutāya ekanteneva anavaṭṭhitasabhāvehi rūpadhammehi seyyādivasena attano ukkhipanassa tesaṃ yathābhūtaṃ adassanaṃ aññāṇaṃ vinā kiṃ aññaṃ kāraṇaṃ siyā, aññaṃ kiñci kāraṇaṃ tassa natthīti attho. Vedanādīsupi eseva nayo. Vuttavipariyāyena sukkapakkho veditabbo.

CST115

Ye ariyasaccāni vibhāvayantī ti dukkhādīni ariyasaccāni paññāobhāsena saccappaṭicchādakakilesandhakāraṃ vidhametvā attano pakāsāni pākaṭāni karonti. Gambhīrapaññenā ti appameyyapaññatāya sadevakassapi lokassa ñāṇena alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhapaññena sabbaññunāti vuttaṃ hoti. Sudesitānī ti saṅkhepavitthārādīhi tehi tehi nayehi suṭṭhu desitāni. Kiñcāpi te honti bhusaṃ pamattā ti te vibhāvitaariyasaccā puggalā kāmaṃ devarajjacakkavattirajjādipamādaṭṭhānaṃ āgamma bhusaṃ pamattā honti, tathāpi sotāpattimaggañāṇena abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇassa nirodhena ṭhapetvā satta bhave anamatagge saṃsāre ye uppajjeyyuṃ nāmañca rūpañca, tesaṃ niruddhattā na aṭṭhamaṃ bhavaṃ ādiyanti, sattamabhaveyeva pana vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇantīti attho.

Yathindakhīlo ti ettha yathā ti upamāvacanaṃ. Indakhīlo ti nagaradvārathirakaraṇatthaṃ ummārabbhantare aṭṭha vā dasa vā hatthe pathaviṃ khaṇitvā ākoṭitassa sāradārumayassa thambhassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pathavissito siyā ti gambhīranemitāya anto pavisitvā bhūminissito siyā bhaveyya. Catubbhi vātehī ti catūhi disāhi āgatavātehi. Asampakampiyo ti kampetuṃ vā cāletuṃ vā asakkuṇeyyo. Tathūpamaṃ…pe… passatī ti yo cattāri ariyasaccāni paññāya ajjhogāhetvā passati, taṃ sappurisaṃ uttamapurisaṃ tathā dassanato sabbatitthiyavādavātehi asampakampiyatāya tathūpamaṃ yathāvuttaindakhīlūpamaṃ vadāmīti attho.

Sotāpattiyaṅgehī ti ariyasotāpajjanassa aṅgabhūtehi. Ariyasāvako ti ariyassa buddhassa Bhagavato saddhammassavanante jātattā ariyasāvako. Khīṇanirayomhī ti khīṇanirayo amhi. Khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto ti idaṃ nirayādīnaṃyeva vevacanavasena vuttaṃ. Nirayādayo hi vaḍḍhisaṅkhātato ayato apetattā apāyā. Dukkhassa gati paṭisaraṇanti duggatiyo. Dukkaṭakārino vivasā ettha nipatantīti vinipātā. Sotaṃ ariyamaggaṃ ādito patto adhigatoti sotāpanno. Akuppadhammatāya maggaphalānaṃ puthujjanabhāvasaṅkhāte virūpe na nipatanasabhāvoti avinipātadhammo. Tato eva dhammaniyāmena niyatatāya niyato. Uparimaggattayasaṅkhātā sambodhi avassaṃ pattabbatāya assa paraṃ ayanaṃ gati paṭisaraṇanti sambodhiparāyaṇo.

Niviṭṭhā ti ādīni padāni aññamaññavevacanāneva. Sahadhammiyā ti sabrahmacārino. Ariyakantehī ti ariyānaṃ kantehi piyehi manāpehi. Pañca sīlāni hi ariyasāvakānaṃ kantāni honti, bhavantarepi avijahanato. Tāni sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Sabbopi panettha saṃvaro labbhatiyeva. Sotāpannohamasmī ti idaṃ desanāsīsameva. Sakadāgāmiādayopi “sakadāgāmīhamasmī” ti ādinā nayena byākarontiyeva. Yato sabbesampi sikkhāpadāvirodhena yuttaṭṭhāne byākaraṇaṃ anuññātamevāti.

Yassindriyānī ti yassa ariyapuggalassa saddhādīni indriyāni. Subhāvitānī ti ariyamaggabhāvanāvasena suṭṭhu bhāvitāni. Ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā cā ti orambhāgiyānaṃ uddhambhāgiyānañca saṃyojanānaṃ pajahanavasena. Tenāha “sabbaloke” ti. Nibbijjhā ti nibbijjhitvā paṭivijjhitvā.

Dhammapadānī ti dhammakoṭṭhāsāni. Anabhijjhā dhammapadaṃ nāma alobho vā alobhasīsena adhigatajhānavipassanāmaggaphalanibbānāni vā dasaasubhavasena vā adhigatajhānādīni anabhijjhā dhammapadaṃ. Catubrahmavihāravasena adhigatāni abyāpādo dhammapadaṃ. Dasānussatiāhārepaṭikkūlasaññāvasena adhigatāni sammāsati dhammapadaṃ. Dasakasiṇaānāpānavasena adhigatāni sammāsamādhi dhammapadaṃ.

Pañca chinde ti heṭṭhā apāyupapattisaṃvattanikāni pañca orambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni pāde baddharajjuṃ viya puriso satthena heṭṭhā maggattayena chindeyya. Pañca jahe ti uparidevalokasampāpakāni pañca uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni puriso gīvāya baddharajjuṃ viya arahattamaggena jaheyya chindeyyevāti attho. Pañca cuttari bhāvaye ti uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanānaṃ pahānatthāya saddhādīni pañcindriyāni uttari bhāveyya. Pañca saṅgātigoti evaṃ sante pañcannaṃ rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhisaṅgānaṃ atikkamanena pañcasaṅgātigo hutvā bhikkhu “oghatiṇṇo” ti vuccati, nittiṇṇacaturoghoti vuccatīti attho.

Anaññātaṃ appaṭividdhaṃ catusaccadhammaṃ, amatapadaṃyeva vā ñassāmi jānissāmīti paṭipannassa paṭhamamaggaṭṭhassa indriyanti anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ. Paṭhamamaggañāṇañhi taṃpubbabhāgavasena evaṃ vuttaṃ. Ājānāti paṭhamamaggena ñātamariyādaṃ anatikkamitvā jānātīti añño, tassa indriyanti aññindriyaṃ, heṭṭhā tīsu phalesu, upari tīsu maggesu ca ñāṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Aññātāvino catūsu saccesu niṭṭhitakiccassa arahato indriyanti aññātāvindriyaṃ, aggaphalañāṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Anabhisametassā ti appaṭividdhassa. Abhisamayāyā ti paṭivedhāya.

CST116

Bālalakkhaṇānī ti bālassa upalakkhaṇakāraṇāni. Bālanimittānī ti “bālo ayan” ti gahetuṃ nimittāni kāraṇāni. Bālāpadānānī ti bālassa porāṇāni viruḷhāni kammāni. “Duccintitacintī” ti ādīsu duccintitaṃ abhijjhaṃ byāpādaṃ micchādassanañca cintetīti duccintitacintī. Dubbhāsitaṃ musāvādādiṃ bhāsatīti dubbhāsitabhāsī. Dukkaṭaṃ pāṇātipātādikammaṃ karotīti dukkaṭakammakārī. Vuttavipariyāyena sukkapakkho veditabbo.

Bhiyyo ti uparūpari. Pakujjheyyun ti virujjheyyuṃ. “Pakuppeyyun” tipi pāṭho. Bhusenā ti daḷhena. Daṇḍenā ti daṇḍadānena. Dhīro ti paṇḍito sappaññajātiko. Nisedhaye ti paṭibāheyya. Puna kiñci kātuṃ vattuṃ vā asamatthaṃ kareyyāti attho.

Paran ti paccatthikaṃ. Yo sato upasammatī ti yo satimā hutvā upasammati, tassa upasamaṃyevāhaṃ bālassa paṭisedhanaṃ maññāmīti attho.

Vajjan ti dosaṃ. Yadā naṃ maññatī ti yasmā naṃ maññati. Ajjhāruhatī ti ajjhottharati. Gova bhiyyo palāyinan ti yathā goyūthe tāvadeva dve gāvo yujjhante gogaṇo olokento tiṭṭhati yāva na eko palāyati, yadā pana palāyati, atha taṃ palāyīnaṃ sabbo gogaṇo bhiyyo ajjhottharati, evaṃ dummedho khamantaṃ bhiyyo ajjhottharatīti attho.

Sadatthaparamā ti sakatthaparamā. Khantyā bhiyyo na vijjatī ti tesu sakatthaparamesu atthesu khantito uttaritaro añño attho na vijjati. Tamāhu paramaṃ khantin ti yo balavā titikkhati, tassa taṃ khantiṃ paramaṃ āhu. Bālabalaṃ nāma aññāṇabalaṃ. Taṃ yassa balaṃ, abalameva taṃ, na taṃ balanti āhu kathenti dīpenti. Dhammaguttassā ti dhammena rakkhitassa dhammaṃ vā rakkhantassa. Paṭivattā ti paṭippharitvā vattā, paṭipparitvā vā yaṃ vā taṃ vā vadeyyāsi. Dhammaṭṭhaṃ pana cāletuṃ samattho nāma natthi. Tasseva tena pāpiyo ti tena kodhena tasseva puggalassa pāpaṃ hoti. Katarassāti? Yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati, tassa. Tattha kuddhan ti sampadāne upayogavacanaṃ, kuddhassāti attho. Tikicchantānan ti ekavacane bahuvacanaṃ, tikicchantanti attho. Janā maññantī ti evarūpaṃ attano ca parassa cā ti ubhinnaṃ atthaṃ tikicchantaṃ nipphādentaṃ puggalaṃ “bālo ayan” ti andhabālaputhujjanā evaṃ maññanti. Ye dhammassa akovidā ti ye catusaccadhamme akovidā acchekā, te evaṃ maññantīti attho.

CST117

Pattan ti adhigataṃ etarahi anubhuyyamānaṃ kāmūpakaraṇaṃ pattabban ti tadeva anāgate adhigantabbaṃ anubhavitabbaṃ, ubhayametaṃ rajānukiṇṇan ti tadubhayampi rāgarajādīhi avakiṇṇaṃ. Āturassā ti rāgādikilesāturassa. Anusikkhato ti kilesabahulapuggale anusikkhato. Ye ca sikkhāsārā ti ye yathāsamādinnaṃ sīlavatādisaṅkhātaṃ sikkhaṃ sārato gahetvā ṭhitā. Tenāha – “sīlaṃ vataṃ jīvitaṃ brahmacariyan” ti. Tattha yaṃ “na karomī” ti oramati, taṃ sīlaṃ. Yaṃ vesabhojanakiccacaraṇādi, taṃ vataṃ. Jīvitan ti ājīvo. Brahmacariyan ti methunavirati. Upaṭṭhānasārā ti etesaṃ sīlādīnaṃ anuṭṭhānasārā. Etehi eva saṃsārasuddhīti tāni sārato gahetvā ṭhitāti attho.

Iccete ubho antā ti iti sīlabbataparāmāsamukhena attakilamathānuyogo, kāmesu anavajjasaññitāmukhena kāmasukhallikānuyogo cā ti ete ubho antā. Te ca kho yathākkamaṃ āyatiṃ pattabbe, etarahi patte ca rāgarajādiokiṇṇe kāmaguṇe allīnehi kilesāturānaṃ anusikkhantehi, sayañca kilesātureheva paṭipajjitabbā, tato eva ca te kaṭasivaḍḍhanā aparāparaṃ jarāmaraṇehi sivathikāya vaḍḍhanasīlā ekanteneva kaṭasiṃ vaḍḍhenti, sayaṃ vaḍḍhantā pare ca antadvaye samādapentā vaḍḍhāpenti cā ti attho.

Ubho ante anabhiññāyā ti yathāvutte ubho ante ajānitvā. Olīyanti eke ti “sassato attā ca loko cā” ti olīyanataṇhābhinivesavasena avalīyanti ekacce. Atidhāvanti eke ti ekacce – “ucchijjati vinassati attā ca loko cā” ti atidhāvanābhinivesavasena atikkamanti.

Na amaññiṃsu tesañca taṇhādimaññanānaṃ pahīnattā. Tato eva anupādāparinibbānato tividhampi vaṭṭaṃ tesaṃ paññāpanāya natthī ti.

Jaññā ti jāneyya. Saṃyuje ti saṃyojeyya. Mānusan ti manussānaṃ idanti mānusaṃ, manussabhavapariyāpannaṃ. Kiñhi tassa sakaṃ hotī ti tassa maccumukhaṃ pavisantassa sattassa kiṃ aññaṃ sakaṃ nāma aññatra kalyāṇakammato. Kammassakā hi sattā. Tenāha – “tasmā kareyya kalyāṇan” ti ādi. Tattha samparāyikan ti samparāyaphalanibbattakaṃ.

CST118

Ime dhammā ti ime kusalā vā akusalā vā dhammā. Evaṃgahitā ti evaṃ samādinnā uppāditā. Idaṃ phalan ti idaṃ iṭṭhavipākaṃ aniṭṭhavipākañca phalaṃ. Ayamattho ti ayaṃ vuḍḍhi, ayaṃ hānīti attho. Aññampi evaṃjātiyan ti ekaṃsabyākaraṇīyaṃ vadati.

Ākaṅkhato na jāneyyun ti tattha yena hetunā Bhagavato yā ākaṅkhā, sā aññesaṃ avisayoti āha – “kintaṃ bhagavā ākaṅkhatīti. Idaṃ avisajjanīyan” ti.

Ettako ti etaparimāṇo. Sīlakkhandhe ti sīlakkhandhahetu. “Sīlakkhandhenā” tipi pāṭho. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Iriyāyan ti kāyavacīsamācāre. Pabhāve ti ānubhāve. Hitesitāyan ti mettāya. Iddhiyan ti iddhividhāya. Ettakā buddhaguṇā, te ca paccekaṃ evaṃpabhāvā. Tathā maggaphalanibbānāni evamānubhāvāni. Ariyasaṅgho evaṃvidhaguṇehi yuttoti.

Tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ mahānubhāvatā na sabbathā aññesaṃ visayo, Bhagavato eva visayoti āha – “buddhavisayo avisajjanīyo” ti. Tena yo aññopi attho buddhavisayo, so avisajjanīyoti dasseti. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā – “buddhavisayo acinteyyo na cintetabbo, yaṃ cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā” ti (a. ni. 4.77). Katamā pubbā koṭīti avisajjanīyan ti “katamā pubbā koṭī” ti kenaci kataṃ pucchanaṃ avisajjanīyaṃ. Kasmā? Saṃsārassa purimāya koṭiyā abhāvato. Ten’ev’āha – “purimā, bhikkhave, koṭi na paññāyatī” ti (a. ni. 10.61). Tattha na paññāyatī ti na dissati, na upalabbhatīti attho. Na paññāyatīti aññassa ñāṇavisayo na hotīti pana atthaṃ sandhāya “na paññāyatīti sāvakānaṃ ñāṇavekallenā” ti ādi vuttaṃ. Tattha attūpanāyikā ti attā upanetabbo etissāti attūpanāyikā. Natthi buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ avijānanā ti etena purimāya koṭiyā abhāvato eva na paññāyati, na tattha ñāṇassa paṭighātoti dasseti.

Yaṃ pana atthi, taṃ aññesaṃ appameyyampi Bhagavato na appameyyanti Bhagavato sabbattha appaṭihataññāṇataṃ dassetuṃ “yathā bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbhā” ti ādimāha. Tattha aññataraṃ bhikkhun ti nāmagottena apākaṭaṃ. “Kīva dīghaṃ nu kho, bhante, padume niraye āyuppamāṇan” ti pañhaṃ pucchitvā nisinnaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ evamāhāti. Etthāyaṃ pāṭhaseso – dīghaṃ kho, bhikkhu, padume niraye āyuppamāṇaṃ, taṃ na sukaraṃ saṅkhātuṃ “ettakāni vassānī” ti vā “ettakāni vassasatānī” ti vā “ettakāni vassasahassānī” ti vā “ettakāni vassasatasahassānī” ti vāti. Sakkā pana, bhante, upamā kātunti. “Sakkā bhikkhū” ti bhagavā avoca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho. Tato puriso vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena ekamekaṃ tilaṃ uddhareyya. Khippataraṃ kho so, bhikkhu, vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho iminā upakkamena parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya, na tveva eko abbudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati abbudā nirayā, evameko nirabbudo nirayoti ādi (saṃ. ni. 1.181; a. ni. 10.89; su. ni. kokālikasutta).

Tattha vīsatikhāriko ti māgadhakena patthena cattāro patthā kosalaraṭṭhe eko pattho hoti. Tena patthena cattāro patthā āḷhakaṃ, cattāri āḷhakāni doṇaṃ, catudoṇā mānikā, catumānikā khārī. Tāya khāriyā vīsatikhāriko tilavāho. Tilavāho ti tilasakaṭaṃ. Abbudo nirayo ti abbudo nāma eko paccekanirayo natthi, avīcimhi eva pana abbudagaṇanāya paccanokāso “abbudo nirayo” ti vutto. Esa nayo nirabbudādīsupi.

Tattha vassagaṇanāpi evaṃ veditabbā – yathā hi sataṃsatasahassāni koṭi hoti. Evaṃ sataṃsatasahassakoṭiyo pakoṭi nāma. Sataṃsatasahassapakoṭiyo koṭipakoṭi nāma. Sataṃsatasahassakoṭipakoṭiyo nahutaṃ. Sataṃsatasahassanahutāni ninnahutaṃ. Sataṃsatasahassāni ninnahutāni eko abbudo. Tato vīsatiguṇo nirabbudo. Esa nayo sabbattha. Ayañ ca gaṇanā aparicitānaṃ dukkarāti vuttaṃ – “taṃ na sukaraṃ saṅkhātun” ti. Keci pana “tattha tattha paridevanānattena kammakāraṇanānattenapi imāni nāmāni laddhānī” ti vadanti. Apare “sītanarakā ete” ti. Cittaṃ āghātetvā ti cittaṃ padūsetvā.

CST119

Kathaṃ jino ti pakārapucchā. Kena jino ti kāraṇapucchā. Kena kāraṇena kena hetunā kāya paṭipattiyā jinoti pucchati. Kathan ti pana kena pakārena kiṃ atītānaṃ, udāhu anāgatānaṃ paccuppannānaṃ kilesānaṃ pahānena jinoti pucchati, tasmā taṃ “visajjanīyan” ti vuttaṃ. Katamo jino ti kiṃ rūpaṃ jino, udāhu vedanā saññā saṅkhārā viññāṇaṃ jino. Rūpādivinimutto vā añño jino, yo “attā” ti vuccatīti imamatthaṃ sandhāyāha “avisajjanīyan” ti. Kittako ti pamāṇato kiṃparimāṇo.

Atthi tathāgato ti atthi satto. Yvāyamāyasmā “evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto” ti pañcakkhandhe upādāya paññapīyati, tassa puggalassa adhippetattā vuttaṃ “visajjanīyan” ti. Rūpaṃ tathāgato ti rūpaṃ attāti sakkāyadiṭṭhivasena pucchatīti katvā vuttaṃ “avisajjanīyan” ti. Iminā nayena sabbapadesu attho veditabbo.

CST120

Bālaṃ pīṭhasamāruḷhan ti ādīni sāmiatthe upayogavacanāni. Kāyena duccaritānī ti kāyena duṭṭhu katāni. Olabbhantī ti avalambanti avatthariyanti. Sesapadadvayaṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Olambanādiākārena hi tāni upaṭṭhahanti, tasmā evaṃ vuttaṃ. Mahatan ti mahantānaṃ. Pathaviyaṃ olambantī ti pathavitale pattharanti. Sesapadadvayaṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Pattharaṇākāroyeva hesa. Tatra, bhikkhave, bālassā ti tasmiṃ upaṭṭhahanākāre bālassa evaṃ hoti.

Lābhā vo, bhikkhave ti bhikkhave, ye ime tumhehi paṭiladdhā manussattasaddhāpaṭilābhādayo, lābhā vo tumhākaṃ lābhā eva. Suladdhan ti yampidaṃ pabbajitvā catupārisuddhisīlādisampādanaṃ laddhaṃ, tampi suladdhaṃ. Khaṇo vo paṭiladdho ti aṭṭhaakkhaṇavajjito navamoyaṃ khaṇo paṭiladdho maggabrahmacariyavāsāya. “Diṭṭhā mayā” ti ādinā ekadesanidassanena aṭṭha akkhaṇe vibhāveti.

CST121

Yahiṃ yahin ti yaṃ yaṃ duggatiṃ yo gacchati. So naṃ adhammo ti yo adhammo tena carito, so naṃ adhammacāriṃ puggalaṃ. Hanātī ti bādhati.

Appesakkhatā ti appānubhāvatā. Dubbaṇṇatā ti virūpatā bībhacchatā. Duppaññatā ti nippaññatā ahetukapaṭisandhivasena eḷamūgatā.

CST122

Vācānurakkhī ti catunnaṃ vacīduccaritānaṃ parivajjanena vācānurakkhī. Abhijjhādīnaṃ anuppādanena manasā suṭṭhu saṃvuto. Pāṇātipātādayo pajahanto kāyena ca akusalaṃ na kayirā, ete tayo kammapathe visodhaye. Evaṃ visodhento hi sīlakkhandhādīnaṃ esakehi buddhādīhi isīhi paveditaṃ ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ ārādheyyāti. Dukkaṭan ti kāyena vācāya manasā ca dukkaṭaṃ sāvajjaṃ dukkhudrayaṃ duggatisaṃvattaniyaṃ kammaṃ yassa natthi. Saṃvutaṃ tīhi ṭhānehī ti etehi tīhi kāraṇehi kāyaduccaritādīnaṃ pavesanivāraṇato pihitaṃ, taṃ ahaṃ “brāhmaṇan” ti vadāmīti.

Accantadussīlyan ti ekantadussīlabhāvo. Gihī vāpi jātito paṭṭhāya dasa akusalakammapathe karonto, pabbajito vāpi upasampannadivasato paṭṭhāya garukāpattiṃ āpajjamāno accantadussīlo nāma. Idha pana yo dvīsu tīsu attabhāvesu dussīlo, tassa gatiyā āgataṃ dussīlabhāvaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Dussīlabhāvoti c’ettha dussīlassa cha dvārāni nissāya uppannā taṇhā veditabbā.** Māluvā sālamivotthatan** ti yassa puggalassa taṃ taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ dussīlyaṃ. Yathā nāma māluvā sālaṃ otthataṃ deve vassante pattehi udakaṃ paṭicchitvā saṃbhañjanavasena sabbatthakameva pariyonandhati, evaṃ attabhāvaṃ otthataṃ pariyonandhitvā ṭhitaṃ so māluvāya saṃbhañjitvā bhūmiyaṃ pātiyamāno rukkho viya tāya dussīlyasaṅkhātāya taṇhāya saṃbhañjitvā apāyesu pātiyamāno, yathā naṃ anatthakāmo diso icchati, tathā attānaṃ karoti nāmāti attho.

“Attanā hi katan” ti gāthāya ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – yathā pāsāṇamayaṃ pāsāṇasambhavaṃ vajiraṃ tameva asmamayaṃ maṇiṃ attano uṭṭhānaṭṭhānasaṅkhātaṃ pāsāṇamaṇiṃ khāyitvā chiddāchiddaṃ khaṇḍākhaṇḍaṃ katvā aparibhogaṃ karoti, evamevaṃ attanā kataṃ attani jātaṃ attasambhavaṃ pāpaṃ dummedhaṃ nippaññaṃ puggalaṃ catūsu apāyesu abhimatthati kantati viddhaṃsetīti.

Niseviyā ti katvā. Garahā ti gārayhā. Bālamatī ti mandabuddhino. Khayā ca kammassā ti kammakkhayakarañāṇena kammassa khepanato. Vimuttacetaso ti samucchedavimuttiyā paṭippassaddhivimuttiyā ca vimuttacitto. Nibbanti te jotirivindhanakkhayā ti yathā nāma anupādāno jātavedo nibbāyati, evamevaṃ abhisaṅkhārassa viññāṇassa anavasesakkhayā nibbāyati.

CST123

“Yathāpi bhamaro” ti gāthāyaṃ bhamaro ti yā kāci madhukarajāti. Pupphan ti pupphārāme caranto pupphañca tassa vaṇṇañca gandhañca aheṭhayaṃ aheṭhayanto avināsento caratīti attho. Evaṃ caritvā ca paleti rasamādāyā ti yāvadatthaṃ rasaṃ pivitvā aparampi madhukaraṇatthāya rasaṃ gahetvā ḍeti. So ekaṃ vanagahanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā rukkhasusirādīsu taṃ rajamissakaṃ rasaṃ ṭhapetvā anupubbena madhurarasaṃ madhuṃ karoti, na tassa pupphārāme caritapaccayā pupphaṃ vā tassa vaṇṇo vā gandho vā vinassati, atha kho pupphaṃ pākatikameva hoti. Evaṃ gāme munī care ti evaṃ sekkho asekkho vā anagāriyamuni kulapaṭipāṭiyā gāme bhikkhaṃ gaṇhanto careyyāti attho. Na hi tassa gāme caraṇapaccayā saddhāhāni vā bhogahāni vā hoti, saddhāpi bhogāpi pākatikāva honti. Evaṃ caritvā ca pana gāmato nikkhamitvā bahigāme udakaphāsukaṭṭhāne saṅghāṭiṃ paññapetvā nisinno akkhabhañjana- (mi. pa. 6.1.2) vaṇalepanaputtamaṃsūpamavasena (mi. pa. 6.1.2; saṃ. ni. 2.63) paccavekkhanto piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā tathārūpaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ anupavisitvā ajjhattikakammaṭṭhānaṃ sammasanto maggaphalāni hatthagatāneva karoti. Asekkhamuni pana diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyuñjati. Ayamassa bhamarena madhukarena sarikkhatā. Khīṇāsavo panettha adhippetoti.

Pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharatī ti yo naṃ pāti rakkhati, taṃ mokkheti moceti āpāyikādīhi dukkhehīti pātimokkho. So eva kāyikavācasikassa vītikkamassa saṃvaraṇato pidahanato saṃvaro. Tena pātimokkhasaṃvarena saṃvuto samannāgato hutvā sabbiriyāpathesu carati. Ācāragocarasampanno ti ācārena ca gocarena ca sampanno. Aṇumattesū ti appamattakesu. Vajjesū ti akusaladhammesu. Bhayadassāvī ti bhayaṃ dassī. Samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesū ti sikkhāpadesu yaṃ kiñci sikkhitabbaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ sammā ādiyitvā sikkhati.

Kāyakammavacīkammena samannāgato, kusalena parisuddhājīvo ti ettha ācāragocaraggahaṇeneva kusale kāyakamme vacīkamme ca gahitepi yasmā idaṃ ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ na ākāsādīsu uppajjati, kāyavacīdvāresu eva pana uppajjati, tasmā tassa uppattidvāradassanatthaṃ “kāyavacīkammena samannāgato, kusalenā” ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā pana tena samannāgato, tasmā parisuddhājīvo, ājīvapārisuddhipi sīlamevāti dassanatthaṃ etaṃ vuttaṃ. Vuttañ h’etaṃ – “katame ca thapati kusalā sīlā? Kusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ kusalaṃ vacīkammaṃ, parisuddhaṃ ājīvampi kho ahaṃ thapati sīlasmiṃ vadāmī” ti (ma. ni. 2.265). Āraddhavīriyo ti yassa kāyikaṃ cetasikañca vīriyaṃ āraddhaṃ hoti, so “āraddhavīriyo” ti vuccati. Tattha yo gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ vinodetvā catūsu iriyāpathesu aṭṭhaārambhavatthuvasena ekako hoti, tassa kāyikaṃ vīriyaṃ āraddhaṃ nāma hoti. Yo cittasaṅgaṇikaṃ vinodetvā aṭṭhasamāpattivasena ekako hoti, gamanādīsu uppannakilesaṃ uppannaṭṭhāneyeva niggaṇhitvā jhānaṃ nibbatteti, tassa cetasikaṃ vīriyaṃ āraddhaṃ nāma hoti. Evaṃ āraddhavīriyo. Thāmavā ti ṭhitimā. Daḷhaparakkamo ti thiraparakkamo. Anikkhittadhuro…pe… sacchikiriyāyā ti saṃkilesadhammānaṃ pahānatthaṃ vodānadhammānaṃ sampādanatthaṃ, paccakkhakaraṇatthañca dhuraṃ anikkhipitvā vīriyaṃ ussukkāpento viharati. Paññavā ti pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ udayabbayapariggāhikāya paññāya samannāgato. Tenāha “udayatthagāminiyā” ti.

Natthi puttasamaṃ peman ti mātāpitaro virūpepi attano puttake suvaṇṇabimbakaṃ viya maññanti mālāguḷe viya sīsādīsu katvā pariharamānā. Tehi uhaditāpi omuttitāpi gandhavilepanaṃ paṭicchantā viya somanassaṃ āpajjanti. Tenāha – “natthi puttasamaṃ peman” ti. Puttapemena samaṃ pemaṃ nāma natthīti vuttaṃ hoti. Gosamitan ti gohi samaṃ godhanasadisaṃ aññaṃ dhanaṃ nāma natthi. Sūriyasamā ābhā ti sūriyābhāya samā aññā ābhā nāma natthi. Samuddaparamā ti ye keci aññe sarā nāma, sabbe te samuddaparamā. Samuddo tesaṃ uttamo, samuddasadisaṃ aññaṃ udakaṃ nidānaṃ nāma natthi bhagavāti vadati.

Yasmā pana attapemena samaṃ pemaṃ natthi. Mātāpitaro hi chaḍḍetvāpi puttadhītaro aposetvā attānameva posenti. Dhaññena ca samaṃ dhanaṃ nāma natthi. Tathārūpe hi kāle hiraññasuvaṇṇādīnipi gomahiṃsādīnipi dhaññaggahaṇatthaṃ dhaññasāmikānameva santikaṃ gahetvā gacchanti. Paññāya ca samā ābhā nāma natthi. Sūriyādayo hi ekadesaṃyeva obhāsenti, paccuppannameva ca tamaṃ vinodenti, paññā pana dasasahassimpi lokadhātuṃ ekapajjotaṃ kātuṃ sakkoti, atītaṃsādipaṭicchādakañca tamaṃ vidhamati. Meghavuṭṭhiyā ca samo saro nāma natthi. Nadī vā hi hotu taḷākādīni vā, vuṭṭhisamo saro nāma natthi. Meghavuṭṭhiyā hi pacchinnāya mahāsamudde aṅgulipabbatemanamattampi udakaṃ na hoti, vuṭṭhiyā pana pavattamānāya yāva ābhassarabhavanāpi ekodakaṃ hoti. Tasmā bhagavā devatāvacanaṃ paṭikkhipanavasena paṭigāthaṃ vadanto “natthi attasamaṃ peman” ti ādimāha.

CST124

Kiṃsūdha bhītā ti kiṃ nu bhītā. Maggo canekāyatano pavutto ti aṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇavasena anekehi kāraṇehi maggo kathito, evaṃ sante kissa bhītā hutvā ayaṃ janatā dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo aggahesīti vadati. Bhūripaññā ti bahupañña ussannapañña. Paralokaṃ na bhāye ti imasmā lokā paralokaṃ gacchanto na bhāyeyya.

Paṇidhāyā ti ṭhapetvā. Gharamāvasanto ti anāthapiṇḍikādayo viya bahvannapāne ghare vasanto. Saṃvibhāgī ti accharāya gahitampi nakhena phāletvā parassa datvāva bhuñjanasīlo. Vadaññū ti yācakānaṃ yācanavasena vuttavacanaññū, vacanīyo vā. Ettha ca vācan ti cattāri vacīsucaritāni gahitāni. Manan ti tīṇi manosucaritāni. Kāyenā ti tīṇi kāyasucaritāni. Ime dasa kusalakammapathā pubbasuddhiaṅgaṃ nāma. “Bahvannapānaṃ gharamāvasanto” ti iminā yaññaupakkharo gahito. Saddho ti ekaṃ aṅgaṃ, mudū ti ekaṃ, saṃvibhāgī ti ekaṃ, vadaññū ti ekanti imāni cattāri aṅgāni sandhāya “etesu dhammesu ṭhito catūsū” ti āha.

Aparo nayo – “vācan” ti ādīni tīṇi aṅgāni, “bahvannapānan” ti iminā yaññaupakkharova gahito, “saddho mudu saṃvibhāgī vadaññū” ti ekaṃ aṅgaṃ.

Aparo dukanayo nāma hoti – “vācaṃ manañcā” ti ekaṃ aṅgaṃ, “kāyena pāpāni akubbamāno bahvannapānaṃ gharamāvasanto” ti ekaṃ, “saddho mudū” ti ekaṃ, “saṃvibhāgī vadaññū” ti ekanti etesu catūsu dhammesu ṭhito dhamme ṭhito nāma hoti. So ito paralokaṃ gacchantona bhāyati.

Kāyasamācārampī ti ādi pātimokkhasaṃvaradassanaṃ. Tattha duvidhenā ti dvividhena, dvīhi koṭṭhāsehīti attho. Jaññā ti jāneyya. Sīlakathā ca nāmesā kammapathavasena vā paṇṇattivasena vā kathetabbā. Tattha kammapathavasena tāva kathentena asevitabbakāyasamācāro pāṇātipātādinnādānamicchācārehi kathetabbo. Paṇṇattivasena kāyadvāre paññattasikkhāpadavītikkamavasena. Sevitabbakāyasamācāro pāṇātipātādiveramaṇīhi c’eva kāyadvāre paññattasikkhāpadaavītikkamena ca kathetabbo.

Asevitabbavacīsamācāro musāvādādivacīduccaritena c’eva vacīdvāre paññattasikkhāpadavītikkamena ca kathetabbo. Sevitabbavacīsamācāro musāvādādiveramaṇīhi c’eva vacīdvāre paññattasikkhāpadaavītikkamena ca kathetabbo.

Pariyesanā pana kāyavācāhi pariyesanā eva, sā kāyavacīsamācāraggahaṇena gahitāpi yasmā ājīvaṭṭhamakasīlaṃ nāma etasmiṃyeva dvāradvaye uppajjati, na ākāse, tasmā ājīvaṭṭhamakasīladassanatthaṃ visuṃ vuttā. Tattha nasevitabbapariyesanā anariyapariyesanāya kathetabbā, sevitabbapariyesanā ariyapariyesanāya. Vuttañ h’etaṃ – “katamā ca, bhikkhave, anariyapariyesanā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco attanā jātidhammo samāno jātidhammaṃyeva pariyesatī” ti ādi (ma. ni. 1.274). Tathā “katamā ca, bhikkhave, ariyapariyesanā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco attanā jātidhammo samāno jātidhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā ajātaṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyesatī” ti ādi (ma. ni. 1.275).

CST170

Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko ti jaṅghamaggādayo vā hontu dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigatamaggā vā, sabbesampi maggānaṃ sammādiṭṭhiādīhi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi micchādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ pahānakaro nirodhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā catūsupi saccesu dukkhaparijānanādikiccaṃ sādhayamāno aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo seṭṭho uttamo. Saccānaṃ caturo padā ti “saccaṃ bhaṇe na kujjheyyā” ti (dha. pa. 224) āgataṃ vacīsaccaṃ vā hotu, “sacco brāhmaṇo, sacco khattiyo” ti ādibhedaṃ sammutisaccaṃ vā, “idameva saccaṃ moghamaññan” ti (ma. ni. 3.331; udā. 54; mahāni. 20) diṭṭhisaccaṃ vā, “ekañhi saccaṃ na dutiyamatthī” ti (su. ni. 890; mahāni. 119) vuttaṃ paramatthasaccaṃ vā hotu. Sabbesampi imesaṃ saccānaṃ parijānitabbaṭṭhena pahātabbaṭṭhena sacchikātabbaṭṭhena bhāvetabbaṭṭhena ekapaṭivedhaṭṭhena tathapaṭivedhaṭṭhena ca “dukkhaṃ ariyasaccan” ti ādayo (mahāva. 14; dī. ni. 2.387; ma. ni. 1.120) caturo padā seṭṭhā nāma. Virāgo seṭṭho dhammānan ti “yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ dhammānaṃ aggamakkhāyatī” ti (a. ni. 4.34; 5.32; itivu. 90) vacanato nibbānasaṅkhāto virāgo sabbadhammānaṃ seṭṭho. Dvipadānañca cakkhumā ti sabbesampi devamanussādibhedānaṃ dvipadānaṃ pañcahi cakkhūhi cakkhumā bhagavāva seṭṭhoti.

Aggānī ti uttamāni. Yāvatā ti yattakā. Apadā ti nippadā ahimacchādayo. Dvipadā ti manussapakkhijātādayo. Catuppadā ti hatthiassādayo. Bahuppadā ti satapadiādayo. Rūpino ti kāmāvacararūpāvacarasattā. Asaññino ti asaññībhave nibbattasattā. Nevasaññīnāsaññino ti bhavagge nibbattasattā. Aggamakkhāyatī ti guṇehi aggo uttamo seṭṭho akkhāyati.

Asaṅkhatānan ti nibbānameva vuttaṃ. Virāgo ti ādīni ca nibbānasseva nāmāni. Tañhi āgamma sabbe kilesā virajjanti, sabbe rāgamadādayo madā nimmadā honti abhāvaṃ gacchanti, sabbā pipāsā vinayaṃ upenti, sabbe ālayā samugghātaṃ gacchanti, vaṭṭāni upacchijjanti, taṇhā khīyati, sabbapariḷāhā vūpasammanti, vaṭṭadukkhaṃ nirujjhati nibbāyati. Tasmā taṃ etāni nāmāni labhatīti.

Dhammo ca kusalakkhato ti tassa satthuno dhammo ca kusalo anavajjo, anavajjattā eva paṭipakkhehi rāgādīhi kilesehi sabbatitthiyavādehi ca aparikkhato. Tāni tīṇi visissare ti etāni tīṇi ratanāni loke sabbaratanehi visissanti guṇavasena sabbalokaṃ atisentīti attho.

Samaṇapadumasañcayo gaṇo ti padumasadisānaṃ ariyasamaṇānaṃ samūhasaṅkhāto gaṇo. Padumanti hi paripuṇṇasatapattassa saroruhassa nāmaṃ. Ariyapuggalā ca sabbathāpi paripuṇṇaguṇāti padumasadisā vuttā. Vidūnaṃ sakkato ti vidūhi paṇḍitehi sakkato. Naravaradamako ti naravaro ca purisānaṃ damako nāyako cā ti attho. Lokassa uttarī ti lokassa upari ṭhitāni, sabbaloke uttamānīti attho.

Nirupadāho ti rāgapariḷāhādīhi anupadāho. Saccanāmo ti avitathanāmo yathābhuccaguṇehi āgatanāmo. Sabbābhibhū ti sabbalokaṃ attano guṇehi abhibhavitvā ṭhito. Saccadhammo ti vaṭṭato ekantanissaraṇabhāvena avitatho saha pariyattiyā navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo, tato eva natthañño tassa uttarī ti tassa uttari adhikaguṇo añño ca dhammo natthīti attho. Ariyasaṅghova niccaṃ sabbakālaṃ vidūhi sabbapaṇḍitehi pūjito.

“Ekāyanan” ti gāthāya ekāyanan ti ekaṃ maggaṃ. Maggassa hi –

“Maggo pantho patho pajjo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ;
nāvā uttarasetu ca, kullo ca bhisi saṅgamo” ti. (cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 101)

Bahūni nāmāni, svāyaṃ idha ayananāmena vutto. Tasmā ekāyananti ekamaggaṃ, na dvedhāpathabhūtanti attho. Atha vā ekena ayitabbanti ekāyanaṃ. Gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya vivekaṭṭhena pavivittena paṭipajjitabbanti attho. Ayanti vā etenāti ayano, saṃsārato nibbānaṃ gacchantīti attho. Ekassa vā sabbasattaseṭṭhassa Bhagavato ayanoti ekāyano. Kiñcāpi hi tena aññepi ayanti, tathāpi Bhagavatova so ayano, tena uppāditattā. Yathāha – “so hi, brāhmaṇa, bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā” ti ādi (ma. ni. 3.79). Ayatīti vā ayano, gacchati pavattatīti attho. Ekasmiṃ imasmiṃyeva dhammavinaye ayano, na aññatthāti ekāyano. Yathāha – “imasmiṃ kho, subhadda, dhammavinaye ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo upalabbhatī” ti (dī. ni. 2.214). Api ca pubbabhāge nānāmukhabhāvanāya pavattopi aparabhāge ekaṃ nibbānameva ayati gacchatīti ekāyano, taṃ ekāyanaṃ.

Jātikhayantadassī ti jātiyā khayasaṅkhāto anto jātikhayanto. Jātiyā accantakhayanto nibbānaṃ, taṃ passīti jātikhayantadassī. “Maggaṃ pajānāti hitānukampī” tipi pāṭho. Tassattho – vuttappakāraṃ ekāyanasaṅkhātaṃ maggaṃ sayambhuñāṇena bhagavā pajānāti, jānanto ca tena tena hitena satte anukampatīti. Idāni tassa maggassa ekāyanabhāvaṃ, tīsupi kālesu ekantaniyyānatañca vibhāvetuṃ “etena maggena tariṃsu pubbe, tarissanti ye ca taranti oghan” ti āha. Tassattho – ye atītamaddhānaṃ kāmoghādicatubbidhaṃ oghaṃ tariṃsu, ye taṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ tarissanti, etarahi ca taranti, te sabbe eteneva maggena, na aññenāti. Visuddhipekkhā ti caturoghanittharaṇena accantavisuddhiṃ nibbānaṃ apekkhantā, parinibbāyitukāmāti attho.

Evaṃ duvidhampi sāsanapaṭṭhānaṃ nānāsuttapadāni udāharantena vibhajitvā idāni saṃkilesabhāgiyādīhi saṃsanditvā dassetuṃ puna “lokiyaṃ suttan” ti ādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha dassanabhāgiyena ca bhāvanābhāgiyena cā ti nibbedhabhāgiyena. Nibbedhabhāgiyameva hi dassanabhāgiyaṃ bhāvanābhāgiyanti dvidhā bhinditvā dassitaṃ. Lokiyañca lokuttarañcā ti lokiyaṃ lokuttarañca suttaṃ, saṃkilesabhāgiyādīhi dassanabhāgiyādīhi cā ti ubhayehi niddisitabbanti adhippāyo. Yasmiṃ sutte ti ādi niddisanākāradassanaṃ. Tattha saṃkilesabhāgiyan ti saṃkilesakoṭṭhāsasahitaṃ, saṃkilesatthadīpananti attho. Esa nayo sesesupi.

Evaṃ lokiyattikassa saṃkilesabhāgiyādīhi catūhi padehi saṃsandanaṃ dassetvā iminā nayena sesatikānaṃ sesapadānañca saṃsandanaṃ suviññeyyanti taṃ anuddharitvā saṃkilesabhāgiyādīnaṃ samatikkamanaṃ dassetuṃ “vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttan” ti ādi vuttaṃ. Tattha yadipi saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, vāsanābhāgiyañca suttaṃ lokiyameva. Tathāpi lokuttarasuttāni viya lokiyasuttānaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyassa samatikkamāya hotīti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ “vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyassa suttassa nigghātāyā” ti vuttaṃ. Tattha nigghātāyā ti pahānāya. Suttasīsena c’ettha suttattho gahitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yasmā ca vodānadhammā viya saṃkilesadhammānaṃ dassanabhūmisamatikkamaneneva bhāvanābhūmi adhigantabbā, tasmā “bhāvanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ dassanabhāgiyassa suttassa paṭinissaggāyā” ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā pana asekkhadhammesu uppannesu maggabhāvanākiccaṃ nāma natthi. Jhānabhāvanāpi diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthā eva hoti, tasmā “asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ bhāvanābhāgiyassa suttassa paṭinissaggāya, asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthan” ti ca vuttaṃ.

Idāni tikapadeheva saṃsanditvā dassetuṃ “lokuttaran” ti ādi vuttaṃ. Ekabījinā ti ādīsu yo sotāpanno hutvā ekameva attabhāvaṃ janetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, ayaṃ ekabījī nāma. Yathāha –

“Katamo ca puggalo ekabījī? Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo. So ekaṃyeva mānusakaṃ bhavaṃ nibbattetvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ekabījī” ti (pu. pa. 33).

Yo pana dve vā tīṇi vā kulāni sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti, ayaṃ kolaṃkolo nāma. Yathāha –

“Katamo ca puggalo kolaṃkolo? Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ…pe… parāyaṇo. So dve vā tīṇi vā kulāni sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo kolaṃkolo” ti (pu. pa. 32).

Tattha kulānī ti bhave. Dve vā tīṇi vā ti idamettha desanāmattameva. Yāva chaṭṭhabhavā saṃsarantopi kolaṃkolo hoti eva.

Yo pana satta bhave saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti, ayaṃ sattakkhattuparamo nāma. Yathāha –

“Katamo ca puggalo sattakkhattuparamo? Idhekacco…pe… parāyaṇo. So sattakkhattuṃ deve c’eva mānuse ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo sattakkhattuparamo” ti (pu. pa. 31).

Ko pana tesaṃ etaṃ pabhedaṃ niyametīti? Keci tāva “pubbahetu niyametī” ti vadanti. Keci “paṭhamamaggo”, keci “upari tayo maggā”. Keci “tiṇṇaṃ maggānaṃ vipassanā” ti. Tattha pubbahetu niyametīti vāde paṭhamamaggassa upanissayo kato nāma hoti. Upari tayo maggā nirupanissayā uppannāti āpajjati. Paṭhamamaggo niyametīti vāde upari tiṇṇaṃ maggānaṃ niratthakatā āpajjati. Upari tayo maggā niyamentīti vāde “paṭhamamagge anuppanne eva upari tayo maggā uppannā” ti āpajjati. Vipassanā niyametīti vādo pana yujjati. Sace hi upari tiṇṇaṃ maggānaṃ vipassanā balavatī hoti, ekabījī nāma hoti. Tato mandatarā kolaṃkolo. Tato mandatarā sattakkhattuparamoti. Ettha ca yo manussesu eva sattakkhattuṃ saṃsaritvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, yo ca devesuyeva sattakkhattuṃ saṃsaritvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, ime na idhādhippetā. Yo pana kālena devesu, kālena manussesūti vomissakanayena saṃsaritvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, so idhādhippeto. Tasmā “sattakkhattuparamo” ti idaṃ idhaṭṭhakavokiṇṇavaṭṭajjhāsayassa vasena veditabbaṃ. Vaṭṭajjhāsayo hi ādito paṭṭhāya cha devaloke sodhetvā akaniṭṭhe ṭhatvā parinibbāyissati.

Tattha yo saddhaṃ dhuraṃ katvā sotāpattimaggaṃ nibbatteti, so maggakkhaṇe saddhānusārī nāma hoti. Phalakkhaṇe pana saddhāvimutto nāma hutvā vuttanayena ekabījiādibhedo hoti. Yo pana paññaṃ dhuraṃ katvā sotāpattimaggaṃ nibbatteti, so maggakkhaṇe dhammānusārī nāma. Phalakkhaṇe pana diṭṭhippatto nāma hutvā ekabījiādibhedo hoti. Idañca aṭṭhannaṃ vimokkhānaṃ alābhino vasena vuttaṃ. Lābhī pana phalakkhaṇe kāyasakkhī nāma hoti. Tattha ye saddhāvimuttadiṭṭhippattakāyasakkhināmakā tayo sotāpannā, te ekabījiādīhi tīheva saṅgahetvā vuttaṃ – “pañcahi puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ ekabījinā…pe… dhammānusārinā” ti, evaṃ pañcahi.

Dvādasahi puggalehī ti sakadāgāmimaggaṭṭho, sakadāgāmī, anāgāmimaggaṭṭho, abhedena anāgāmī, antarāparinibbāyiādayo pañca, saddhāvimuttadiṭṭhippattakāyasakkhino tayoti bhedena aṭṭhāti, evaṃ dvādasahi. Tattha hi yo avihādīsu tattha tattha āyuvemajjhaṃ appatvā parinibbāyati, ayaṃ antarāparinibbāyī. Yo pana āyuvemajjhaṃ atikkamitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, ayaṃ upahaccaparinibbāyī. Tathā yo avihādīsu upapanno asaṅkhārena appayogena arahattaṃ adhigacchati, ayaṃ asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī. Yo pana sasaṅkhārena sappayogena arahattaṃ adhigacchati, ayaṃ sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī. Uddhaṃ uparūpari brahmaloke upapattisoto etassāti uddhaṃsoto. Paṭisandhivasena akaniṭṭhe gacchatīti akaniṭṭhagāmī.

Tattha atthi uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī atthi uddhaṃsoto na akaniṭṭhagāmī, atthi na uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī atthi na uddhaṃsoto na akaniṭṭhagāmīti. Tattha yo idha anāgāmiphalaṃ patvā avihādīsu nibbatto tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā uparūpari nibbattitvā akaniṭṭhaṃ pāpuṇāti, ayaṃ uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī nāma. Yo pana avihādīsu nibbatto tattheva aparinibbāyitvā akaniṭṭhampi appatvā uparūpari brahmaloke parinibbāyati, ayaṃ uddhaṃsoto na akaniṭṭhagāmī nāma. Yo ito cavitvā akaniṭṭheyeva nibbattati, ayaṃ na uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī nāma. Yo pana avihādīsu catūsu aññatarasmiṃ nibbattitvā tattheva parinibbāyati, ayaṃ na uddhaṃsoto na akaniṭṭhagāmī nāma. Saddhāvimuttādayo vuttavibhāgāyeva.

Navahi puggalehī ti ettha aṭṭhannaṃ vimokkhānaṃ alābhī arahā paññāvimutto nāma. Tesaṃ pana lābhī vikkhambhanasamucchedavimokkhavasena ubhohi bhāgehi rūpakāyanāmakāyasaṅkhātato ubhato bhāgato vimuttattā ubhatobhāgavimutto nāma. Samasīsinā ti ettha tividho samasīsī – iriyāpathasamasīsī, rogasamasīsī, jīvitasamasīsīti.

Tatra yo ṭhānādīsu iriyāpathesu yeneva iriyāpathena samannāgato hutvā vipassanaṃ ārabhati, teneva iriyāpathena arahattaṃ patvā parinibbāyati, ayaṃ iriyāpathasamasīsī nāma. Yo pana ekaṃ rogaṃ patvā antoroge eva vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ patvā teneva rogena parinibbāyati, ayaṃ rogasamasīsī nāma. Palibodhasīsaṃ taṇhā, bandhanasīsaṃ māno, parāmāsasīsaṃ diṭṭhi, vikkhepasīsaṃ uddhaccaṃ, kilesasīsaṃ avijjā, adhimokkhasīsaṃ saddhā, paggahasīsaṃ vīriyaṃ, upaṭṭhānasīsaṃ sati, avikkhepasīsaṃ samādhi, dassanasīsaṃ paññā, pavattasīsaṃ jīvitindriyaṃ, gocarasīsaṃ vimokkho, saṅkhārasīsaṃ nirodhoti terasasu sīsesu kilesasīsaṃ avijjaṃ arahattamaggo pariyādiyati, pavattasīsaṃ jīvitindriyaṃ cuticittaṃ pariyādiyati. Tattha avijjāpariyādāyakaṃ cittaṃ jīvitindriyaṃ pariyādātuṃ na sakkoti. Jīvitindriyapariyādāyakaṃ avijjaṃ pariyādātuṃ na sakkoti. Aññaṃ avijjāpariyādāyakaṃ cittaṃ, aññaṃ jīvitindriyapariyādāyakaṃ. Yassa c’etaṃ sīsadvayaṃ samaṃ pariyādānaṃ gacchati, so jīvitasamasīsī nāma.

Kathaṃ panidaṃ samaṃ hotīti? Vārasamatāya. Yasmiñhi vāre maggavuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, sotāpattimagge pañca paccavekkhaṇāni, sakadāgāmimagge pañca, anāgāmimagge pañca, arahattamagge cattārīti ekūnavīsatime paccavekkhaṇañāṇe patiṭṭhāya bhavaṅgaṃ otaritvā parinibbāyato imāya vārasamatāya idaṃ ubhayasīsapariyādānampi samaṃ hoti nāma. Tenāyaṃ puggalo “jīvitasamasīsī” ti vuccati, ayameva idhādhippeto. Evaṃ suññatavimuttādayo tayo saddhāvimutto paññāvimutto ubhatobhāgavimutto samasīsīti satta sāvakā arahanto, paccekabuddho, sammāsambuddhoti imehi navahi puggalehi asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ niddisitabbaṃ.

Rāgacarito ti rāgasahitaṃ caritaṃ etassāti rāgacarito. Rāgena vā carito pavattito rāgacarito, rāgajjhāsayo rāgādhikoti attho. Esa nayo sesesupi. Rāgamukhe ṭhito ti rāgapariyuṭṭhāne ṭhito, pariyuṭṭhitarāgoti attho. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo.

Vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttan ti lokiyaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ. Lokiyaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañhi suttaṃ rāgacaritehi puggalehi niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tattha “lokiyaṃ, sattādhiṭṭhānan” ti padadvayaṃ anuvattamānaṃ katvā vuttaṃ “vāsanābhāgiyan” ti. Sīlavantehī ti sīlavantādīhi puggalehi. Pakatisīlan ti ādi yehi samannāgatā, te puggalā. Tesaṃ dassanena puggalānaṃ upalakkhaṇaṃ. Atha vā dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ pakatisīlādivasena, sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ pakatisīlavantādivasena veditabbanti imassa nayassa dassanatthaṃ “sīlavantehi niddisitabban” ti vatvā “pakatisīlan” ti ādi vuttaṃ. Taṃ pakatisīlādīnaṃ pañcannaṃ eva gahaṇaṃ nidassanamattaṃ, pattidānaabbhanumodanadhammassavanadesanādiṭṭhijukammādīnampi c’ettha sambhavato. Tesampi vā ettheva saṅgahetvā dassanatthaṃ “pañcā” ti vuttaṃ.

Tattha pakatisīlan ti sampattaviratisīlaṃ. Cittappasādo ti kammaphalasaddhā ratanattayasaddhā ca. Ñāṇaṃ paññāya niddisitabban ti yasmiṃ sutte paññā āgatā, taṃ suttaṃ ñāṇanti niddisitabbaṃ. Na kevalaṃ paññāpariyāyeneva, atha kho paññindriyādipariyāyenapi yattha paññā āgatā, taṃ suttaṃ ñāṇanti niddisitabbanti dassetuṃ “paññindriyenā” ti ādi vuttaṃ. Tassattho – heṭṭhā vutto eva. Yaṃ vā panā ti ādīsu yaṃ vā aññaṃ kiñci paññāya adhivacanaṃ. Sabbaṃ taṃ yattha katthaci sutte āgataṃ, taṃ suttaṃ ñāṇanti niddisitabbanti attho.

Ajjhattikabāhirehī ti yasmiṃ sutte ajjhattikāni āyatanāni, bāhirāni ca āyatanāni āgatāni, taṃ suttaṃ tehi āyatanehi ñāṇaṃ ñeyyan ti niddisitabbaṃ. Paññāpi ārammaṇabhūtā ñeyyan ti ñeyyato visuṃ katvā paññā vuttā. Tathā hi paññā ñāṇantarassa ārammaṇanti katthaci sutte ñeyyabhāvenapi vuccati. Yaṃ kiñci ārammaṇabhūtan ti yaṃ kiñci ñāṇassa visayabhūtaṃ rūpādi. Ajjhattikaṃ vā bāhiraṃ vā ti vā-saddena oḷārikādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Sabbaṃ taṃ saṅkhatena asaṅkhatena cā ti sabbaṃ taṃ yathāsambhavaṃ saṅkhatabhāvena asaṅkhatabhāvena ca ñeyyanti niddisitabbaṃ. Ñeyyadhammavasena hi ñeyyasuttaṃ ñeyyanti vuccatīti.

Yaṃ vā pana kiñci bhagavā aññataravacanaṃ bhāsatī ti lokiyalokuttarādisuttesu ekasmiṃ sutte dve. Tesu yaṃ vā pana kiñci aññataravacanaṃ ekasseva kathanaṃ bhāsati niddisati. Sabbaṃ taṃ yathāniddiṭṭhaṃ dhārayitabban ti taṃ yathā sabbaṃ suttaṃ lokiyādīsu yadi aññataravasena, atha ubhayavasena yathā yathā niddiṭṭhaṃ, tathā tathā gahetabbaṃ, taṃ taṃ padhānabhāvena niddisitabbanti attho.

Kilesasahitaññeva kammaṃ vipākassa hetu, na itaranti vuttaṃ “duvidho hetu yañca kammaṃ ye ca kilesā” ti. Samudayo kilesā ti ettha “samudayo” ti etena samudayapakkhiyā vuttā. “Kilesā” ti ca kilesavanto, saṃkiliṭṭhāti attho. Yaṃ dissatī ti yaṃ yaṃ dissati. Tāsu tāsu bhūmīsū ti puthujjanabhūmiādīsu. Kappiyānulomenā ti kappiyena ca kappiyānulomena ca. Tattha kappiyaṃ pāḷiyaṃ sarūpato vuttaṃ, kappiyānulomaṃ mahāpadesavasena nayato dassitaṃ. Paṭikkhittakāraṇenā ti yena kāraṇena Bhagavatā yaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ, tena kāraṇena taṃ niddisitabbaṃ. Ekantena sarāgādisaṃvattanameva hi Bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ, taṃ sarāgāya saṃvattanādikāraṇena niddisitabbaṃ. Dhammassā ti asaṅkhatadhammassa. Ariyadhammānan ti maggaphaladhammānaṃ. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.

Ettha ca yathā saṃkilesabhāgiyādīnaṃ aññamaññaṃ saṃsaggato anekavidho paṭṭhānabhedo icchito, evaṃ lokiyasattādhiṭṭhānādisaṃsaggatopi anekavidho paṭṭhānabhedo sambhavati. Pāḷiyaṃ pana ubhayatthāpi ekadesadassanavasena āgatattā nayadassananti veditabbaṃ. Sakkā hi iminā nayena viññunā te niddhāretunti. Yathā ca saṃkilesabhāgiyādīnaṃ lokiyādīnañca visuṃ visuṃ saṃsaggabhedavasena ayaṃ paṭṭhānabhedo anekavidho labbhati, evaṃ ubhayesampi saṃsaggavasena ayaṃ nayo yathārahaṃ labbhateva. Labbhati hi lokiyaṃ suttaṃ kiñci saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ, kiñci vāsanābhāgiyaṃ. Tathā lokuttaraṃ suttaṃ kiñci nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ, kiñci asekkhabhāgiyanti. Sesesupi eseva nayo.

Evaṃ soḷasavidhe paṭṭhāne aṭṭhavīsatividhaṃ paṭṭhānaṃ pakkhipitvā, aṭṭhavīsatividhe ca paṭṭhāne soḷasavidhaṃ pakkhipitvā yathārahaṃ dukatikādibhedena sambhavato paṭṭhānavibhāgo veditabbo, so ca kho tīsu piṭakesu labbhamānassa suttapadassa vasena. Yasmā pana tāni tāni suttapadāni udāharaṇavasena niddhāretvā imasmiṃ atthe vitthāriyamāne atipapañco hoti, atibhāriyā ca nettisaṃvaṇṇanā, sakkā ca iminā nayena viññunā ayamattho viññātuṃ, tasmā na taṃ vitthārayimha. Teneva hi pāḷiyaṃ aññamaññasaṃsaggavasena paṭṭhānavibhāgo ekadeseneva dassito, na nippadesatoti.

Sāsanapaṭṭhānavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Nigamanakathā

Ettāvatā ca –

Hāre naye ca paṭṭhāne, suvisuddhavinicchayaṃ;
vibhajanto navaṅgassa, sāsanassatthavaṇṇanaṃ.

Nettippakaraṇaṃ dhīro, gambhīraṃ nipuṇañca yaṃ;
Adesayi mahāthero, mahākaccāyano vasī.

Saddhammāvataraṭṭhāne, paṭṭane nāgasavhaye;
dhammāsokamahārāja-vihāre vasatā mayā.

Ciraṭṭhitatthaṃ yā tassa, āraddhā atthavaṇṇanā;
udāharaṇasuttānaṃ, lakkhaṇānañca sabbaso.

Atthaṃ pakāsayantī sā, anākulavinicchayā;
samattā sattavīsāya, pāḷiyā bhāṇavārato.

Iti taṃ saṅkharontena, yaṃ taṃ adhigataṃ mayā;
puññaṃ tassānubhāvena, lokanāthassa sāsanaṃ.

Ogāhetvā visuddhāya, sīlādipaṭipattiyā;
sabbepi dehino hontu, vimuttirasabhāgino.

Ciraṃ tiṭṭhatu lokasmiṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsanaṃ;
tasmiṃ sagāravā niccaṃ, hontu sabbepi pāṇino.

Sammā vassatu kālena, devopi jagatīpati;
saddhammanirato lokaṃ, dhammeneva pasāsatū ti.