蛇经注

Ganthārambhakathā

Uttamaṃ vandaneyyānaṃ vanditvā ratanattayaṃ,
yo Khuddakanikāyamhi khuddācārappahāyinā

Desito lokanāthena lokanissaraṇesinā,
tassa Suttanipātassa karissām’atthavaṇṇanaṃ.

Ayaṃ Suttanipāto ca Khuddakesv eva ogadho
yasmā, tasmā imassâpi karissām’atthavaṇṇanaṃ.¹

Gāthāsata-samākiṇṇo geyya-byākaraṇaṅkito
kasmā Suttanipāto ti saṅkham esa gato ti ce:

Suvuttato savanato² atthānaṃ suṭṭhu tāṇato
sūcanā sūdanā c’eva, yasmā suttaṃ pavuccati,

Tathārūpāni suttāni nipātetvā tato tato
samūhato³ ayaṃ, tasmā saṅkham evam upāgato,

Sabbāni câpi suttāni pamāṇantena⁴ tādino
vacanāni ayaṃ tesaṃ nipāto ca yato, tato

Aññasaṅkhānimittānaṃ visesānam abhāvato
saṅkhaṃ Suttanipāto ti evam⁵ eva samajjhagā ti.

Evaṃ samadhigatasaṅkho ca yasmā esa vaggato Uragavaggo, Cūḷavaggo, Mahāvaggo, Aṭṭhakavaggo, Pārāyanavaggo ti pañca vaggā honti, tesu⁶ Uragavaggo ādi, suttato Uragavagge dvādasa suttāni, Cūḷavagge cuddasa, Mahāvagge dvādasa, Aṭṭhakavagge soḷasa, Pārāyanavagge soḷasā ti sattati suttāni, tesaṃ Uragasuttaṃ ādi, pariyattipamāṇato aṭṭha bhāṇavārā.

Uragasuttavaṇṇanā

1

Evaṃ vagga-sutta-pariyattipamāṇavato pan’assa

“Yo uppatitaṃ vineti kodhaṃ, visaṭaṃ sappavisaṃ va osadhehi,
so bhikkhu jahāti orapāraṃ, urago jiṇṇam iva tacaṃ purāṇan” ti.

ayaṃ gāthā ādi, tasmā assā ito pabhuti atthavaṇṇanaṃ kātuṃ idaṃ vuccati:

“Yena yattha yadā yasmā vuttā gāthā ayaṃ, imaṃ
vidhiṃ pakāsayitvâssā karissām’atthavaṇṇanan” ti.

Kena panâyaṃ gāthā vuttā, kattha, kadā, kasmā ca vuttā ti? Vuccate: yo so Bhagavā catuvīsatibuddhasantike laddhabyākaraṇo, yāva Vessantara-jātakaṃ, tāva pāramiyo pūretvā Tusitabhavane uppajji, tato pi cavitvā Sakyarājakule upapattiṃ gahetvā, anupubbena katamahābhinikkhamano Bodhirukkhamūle sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhitvā, dhammacakkaṃ pavattetvā devamanussānaṃ hitāya dhammaṃ desesi, tena Bhagavatā sayambhunā anācariyakena Sammāsambuddhena vuttā. Sā ca pana Āḷaviyaṃ. Yadā ca bhūtagāma-sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, tadā tattha upagatānaṃ dhammadesanatthaṃ vuttā ti. Ayam ettha saṅkhepavissajjanā.

Vitthārato pana dūrenidāna-avidūrenidāna-santikenidāna-vasena tividhā veditabbā. Tattha dūrenidānaṃ nāma Dīpaṅkarato yāva paccuppanna-vatthukathā, avidūrenidānaṃ nāma Tusitabhavanato yāva paccuppanna-vatthukathā, santikenidānaṃ nāma Bodhimaṇḍato yāva paccuppanna-vatthukathā ti. Tattha, yasmā avidūrenidānaṃ santikenidānañ ca dūrenidāne yeva samodhānaṃ gacchanti, tasmā dūrenidānavasen’ev’ettha vitthārato vissajjanā veditabbā. Sā pan’esā Jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttā ti idha na vitthāritā, tato tattha vitthāritanayen’eva veditabbā. Ayaṃ pana viseso: tattha paṭhamagāthāya Sāvatthiyaṃ vatthu uppannaṃ, idha Āḷaviyaṃ. Yathâha:

“Tena samayena Buddho Bhagavā Āḷaviyaṃ viharati Aggāḷave cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena Āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṃ karontā rukkhaṃ chindanti pi chedāpenti pi. Aññataro pi Āḷavako bhikkhu rukkhaṃ chindati. Tasmiṃ rukkhe adhivatthā devatā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etad avoca: ‘mā, bhante, attano bhavanaṃ kattukāmo mayhaṃ bhavanaṃ chindī’ ti. So bhikkhu anādiyanto chindi yeva tassā ca devatāya dārakassa bāhuṃ ākoṭesi. Atha kho tassā devatāya etad ahosi: ‘yaṃ nūnâhaṃ imaṃ bhikkhuṃ idh’eva jīvitā voropeyyan’ ti. Atha kho tassā devatāya etad ahosi: ‘na kho me taṃ patirūpaṃ, yâhaṃ imaṃ bhikkhuṃ idh’eva jīvitā voropeyyaṃ, yaṃ nūnâhaṃ Bhagavato etam atthaṃ āroceyyan’ ti. Atha kho sā devatā yena Bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavato etam atthaṃ ārocesi. ‘Sādhu sādhu devate, sādhu kho tvaṃ devate, taṃ bhikkhuṃ jīvitā na voropesi, sac’ajja tvaṃ, devate, taṃ bhikkhuṃ jīvitā voropeyyāsi, bahuñ ca tvaṃ, devate, apuññaṃ pasaveyyāsi, gaccha tvaṃ, devate, amukasmiṃ okāse rukkho vivitto, tasmiṃ upagacchā’” ti. (pāci. 89)

Evañ ca pana vatvā puna Bhagavā tassā devatāya uppannakodhavinayanatthaṃ

“Yo ve uppatitaṃ kodhaṃ, rathaṃ bhantaṃ va vāraye” ti (dha. pa. 222)

imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi. Tato “kathañ hi nāma samaṇā Sakyaputtiyā rukkhaṃ chindissanti pi chedāpessanti pi, ekindriyaṃ samaṇā Sakyaputtiyā jīvaṃ viheṭhentī” ti evaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyitaṃ sutvā bhikkhūhi ārocito Bhagavā

“Bhūtagāmapātabyatāya pācittiyan” ti (pāci. 90)

imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññāpetvā tattha upagatānaṃ dhammadesanatthaṃ

“Yo uppatitaṃ vineti kodhaṃ, visaṭaṃ sappavisaṃ va osadhehī” ti

imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi. Evam idaṃ ekaṃ yeva vatthu tīsu ṭhānesu saṅgahaṃ gataṃ: Vinaye, Dhammapade, Suttanipāte ti.

Ettāvatā ca yā sā mātikā ṭhapitā

“Yena yattha yadā yasmā vuttā gāthā ayaṃ, imaṃ
vidhi pakāsayitvâssā karissām’atthavaṇṇanan” ti.

sā saṅkhepato vitthārato ca pakāsitā hoti ṭhapetvā atthavaṇṇanaṃ.

Ayaṃ pan’ettha atthavaṇṇanā. Yo ti yo yādiso khattiyakulā vā pabbajito, brāhmaṇakulā vā pabbajito, navo vā majjhimo vā thero vā. Uppatitan ti uddhamuddhaṃ patitaṃ gataṃ, pavattan ti attho, uppannan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Uppannañ ca nām’etaṃ vattamāna-bhutvāpagatokāsakata-bhūmiladdha-vasena anekappabhedaṃ. Tattha sabbam pi saṅkhataṃ uppādādi-samaṅgi vattamānuppannaṃ nāma, yaṃ sandhāya

“Uppannā dhammā, anuppannā dhammā, uppādino dhammā” ti (dha. sa. tikamātikā 17)

vuttaṃ. Ārammaṇarasam anubhavitvā niruddhaṃ anubhutvāpagata-saṅkhātaṃ kusalâkusalaṃ, uppādādi-ttayam anuppatvā niruddhaṃ bhutvâpagata-saṅkhātaṃ sesa-saṅkhatañ ca bhutvāpagatuppannaṃ nāma, tad etaṃ

“Evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hotī” ti (ma. ni. 1.234; pāci. 417)

ca,

“Yathā ca uppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāpāripūrī hotī” ti

ca evamādīsu suttantesu daṭṭhabbaṃ.

“Yāni’ssa tāni pubbe katāni kammānī” ti (ma. ni. 3.248; netti. 120)

evamādinā nayena vuttaṃ kammaṃ atītam pi samānaṃ aññassa vipākaṃ paṭibāhitvā attano vipākass’okāsaṃ katvā ṭhitattā, tathā katokāsañ ca vipākaṃ anuppannam pi evaṃ kate okāse avassam uppattito okāsakatuppannaṃ nāma. Tāsu tāsu bhūmīsu asamūhatam akusalaṃ bhūmiladdhuppannaṃ nāma.

Ettha ca bhūmiyā bhūmiladdhassa ca nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ bhūmi nāma vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā tebhūmakā pañcakkhandhā, bhūmiladdhaṃ nāma tesu uppattārahaṃ⁷ kilesajātaṃ, tena hi sā bhūmi laddhā nāma hotī ti, tasmā “bhūmiladdhan” ti vuccati⁸. Tañ ca pana na ārammaṇavasena, ārammaṇavasena hi sabbe pi atītādi-bhede pariññāte pi ca khīṇāsavānaṃ khandhe ārabbha kilesā uppajjanti Mahākaccāyana-Uppalavaṇṇādīnaṃ khandhe ārabbha Soreyyaseṭṭhiputta-Nandamāṇavakādīnaṃ viya, yadi c’etaṃ bhūmiladdhaṃ nāma siyā, tassa appaheyyato na koci bhavamūlaṃ jaheyya.

Vatthuvasena pana bhūmiladdhaṃ nāma veditabbaṃ. Yattha yattha hi vipassanāya apariññātā khandhā uppajjanti, tattha tattha uppādato pabhuti tesu vaṭṭamūlaṃ kilesajātaṃ anuseti, taṃ appahīnaṭṭhena bhūmiladdhuppannaṃ nāmā ti veditabbaṃ. Tattha ca yassa khandhesu appahīnānusayitā kilesā, tassa te eva khandhā tesaṃ kilesānaṃ vatthu, na itare khandhā. Atītakkhandhesu c’assa appahīnānusayitānaṃ kilesānaṃ atītakkhandhā eva vatthu, na itare, es’eva nayo anāgatādīsu. Tathā kāmāvacarakkhandhesu appahīnānusayitānaṃ kilesānaṃ kāmāvacarakkhandhā eva vatthu, na itare, esa nayo rūpârūpāvacaresu.

Sotāpannādīnaṃ pana yassa yassa ariyapuggalassa khandhesu taṃ taṃ vaṭṭamūlaṃ kilesajātaṃ tena tena maggena pahīnaṃ, tassa tassa te te khandhā pahīnānaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ vaṭṭamūlakilesānaṃ avatthuto bhūmī ti saṅkhaṃ na labhanti. Puthujjanassa pana sabbaso vaṭṭamūlānaṃ kilesānaṃ appahīnattā yaṃ kiñci kariyamānaṃ kammaṃ kusalaṃ vā akusalaṃ vā hoti, icc assa kilesappaccayā⁹ vaṭṭaṃ vaḍḍhati, tass’etaṃ vaṭṭamūlaṃ “rūpakkhandhe eva, na vedanākkhandhādīsu…pe… viññāṇakkhandhe eva vā, na rūpakkhandhādīsū” ti na vattabbaṃ. Kasmā? Avisesena pañcasu khandhesu anusayitattā.

Kathaṃ? Pathavīrasādim iva rukkhe. Yathā hi mahārukkhe pathavītalaṃ adhiṭṭhāya pathavīrasañ ca āporasañ ca nissāya tappaccayā mūla-khandha-sākha-pasākha-patta¹⁰-pallava-palāsa-puppha-phalehi vaḍḍhitvā nabhaṃ pūretvā yāva kappâvasānaṃ bīja-paramparāya rukkha-paveṇī-santāne ṭhite “taṃ pathavīrasādi mūle eva, na khandhādīsu, phale eva vā, na mūlādīsū” ti na vattabbaṃ. Kasmā? Avisesena sabbesv eva mūlādīsu anugatattā, evaṃ.

Yathā pana tass’eva rukkhassa pupphaphalādīsu nibbinno koci puriso catūsu disāsu maṇḍūkakaṇṭakaṃ nāma rukkhe visaṃ payojeyya, atha so rukkho tena visasamphassena phuṭṭho pathavīrasa-āporasa-pariyādinnena appasavana-dhammataṃ āgamma puna santānaṃ nibbattetuṃ samattho na bhaveyya. Evam evaṃ khandhappavattiyaṃ nibbinno kulaputto tassa purisassa catūsu disāsu rukkhe visappayojanaṃ viya attano santāne catumaggabhāvanaṃ ārabhati, ath’assa so khandhasantāno tena catumagga-visasamphassena sabbaso vaṭṭamūlakilesānaṃ pariyādinnattā kiriyabhāvamattam upagata-kāyakammādi-sabbakamma-ppabhedo āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatta-dhammatam āgamma bhavantara-santānaṃ nibbattetuṃ samattho na hoti, kevalaṃ pana carimaviññāṇanirodhena nirindhano viya jātavedo anupādāno parinibbāti. Evaṃ bhūmiyā bhūmiladdhassa ca nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Api ca aparam pi samudācārârammaṇādhiggahitâvikkhambhitâsamūhatavasena catubbidham uppannaṃ. Tattha vattamānuppannam eva samudācāruppannaṃ. Cakkhādīnaṃ pana āpāthagate ārammaṇe pubbabhāge anuppajjamānam pi kilesajātaṃ ārammaṇassa adhiggahitattā eva aparabhāge avassam uppattito ārammaṇādhiggahituppannan ti vuccati. Kalyāṇigāme piṇḍāya carato Mahātissattherassa visabhāgarūpa-dassanena uppannakilesajātañ c’ettha nidassanaṃ, tassa

“Uppannaṃ kāmavitakkan” ti (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 6.58)

ādīsu payogo daṭṭhabbo. Samathavipassanānaṃ aññataravasena avikkhambhita-kilesajātaṃ cittasantatim anārūḷhaṃ uppatti-nivārakassa hetuno abhāvā avikkhambhituppannaṃ nāma, taṃ

“Ayam pi kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatisamādhi bhāvito bahulīkato santo c’eva paṇīto ca asecanako ca sukho ca vihāro, uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme ṭhānaso antaradhāpetī” ti (pārā. 165)

ādīsu daṭṭhabbaṃ. Samathavipassanāvasena vikkhambhitam pi kilesajātaṃ ariyamaggena asamūhatattā uppattidhammataṃ anatītan ti katvā asamūhatuppannan ti vuccati, ākāsena gacchantassa aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino therassa kusumita-rukkhe upavane pupphāni ocinantassa madhurassarena gāyato mātugāmassa gītassaraṃ sutavato uppannakilesajātañ c’ettha nidassanaṃ, tassa

“Ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkaronto uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme antarā yeva antaradhāpetī” ti (saṃ. ni. 5.157)

ādīsu payogo daṭṭhabbo. Tividham pi c’etaṃ ārammaṇādhiggahitâvikkhambhitâsamūhatuppannaṃ bhūmiladdhen’eva saṅgahaṃ gacchatī ti veditabbaṃ.

Evam etasmiṃ yathāvuttappabhede uppanne bhūmiladdhârammaṇādhiggahitâvikkhambhitâsamūhatuppannavasenâyaṃ kodho uppanno ti veditabbo. Kasmā? Evaṃvidhassa vinetabbato. Evaṃvidham eva hi uppannaṃ yena kenaci vinayena vinetuṃ sakkā hoti. Yaṃ pan’etaṃ vattamāna-bhutvāpagatokāsakata-samudācāra-saṅkhātaṃ uppannaṃ, ettha aphalo ca asakyo ca vāyāmo. Aphalo hi bhutvāpagate vāyāmo vāyām antarenâpi tassa niruddhattā, tathā okāsakate, asakyo ca vattamāna-samudācāruppanne kilesavodānānaṃ¹¹ ekajjham anuppattito ti.

Vinetī ti ettha pana

“Duvidho vinayo nāma, ekamek’ettha pañcadhā,
tesu aṭṭhavidhen’esa vinetī ti pavuccati”.

Ayañ hi saṃvaravinayo, pahānavinayo ti duvidho vinayo, ettha ca duvidhe vinaye ekameko vinayo pañcadhā bhijjati. Saṃvaravinayo pi hi sīlasaṃvaro, satisaṃvaro, ñāṇasaṃvaro, khantisaṃvaro, vīriyasaṃvaro ti pañcavidho, pahānavinayo pi tadaṅgappahānaṃ, vikkhambhanappahānaṃ, samucchedappahānaṃ, paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ, nissaraṇappahānan ti pañcavidho.

Tattha

“Iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto” ti (vibha. 511)

ādīsu sīlasaṃvaro,

“Rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī” ti (dī. ni. 1.213; ma. ni. 1.295; saṃ. ni. 4.239; a. ni. 3.16)

ādīsu satisaṃvaro,

“Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ, (Ajitā ti Bhagavā) sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ,
sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāy’ete pidhīyare” ti. (su. ni. 1042)

ādīsu ñāṇasaṃvaro,

“Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassā” ti (ma. ni. 1.24; a. ni. 4.114)

ādīsu khantisaṃvaro,

“Uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nâdhivāseti pajahati vinodetī” ti (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 4.114)

ādīsu vīriyasaṃvaro veditabbo. Sabbo pi câyaṃ saṃvaro yathāsakaṃ saṃvaritabbānaṃ vinetabbānañ ca kāyavacīduccaritâdīnaṃ saṃvaraṇato saṃvaro, vinayanato vinayo ti vuccati. Evaṃ tāva saṃvaravinayo pañcadhā bhijjatī ti veditabbo.

Tathā yaṃ nāmarūpaparicchedādīsu vipassanaṅgesu yāva attano aparihānavasena pavatti, tāva tena tena ñāṇena tassa tassa anatthasantānassa pahānaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ:

1. nāmarūpavavatthānena sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā,
2. paccayapariggahena ahetu-visamahetu-diṭṭhīnaṃ,
3. tass’eva aparabhāgena kaṅkhāvitaraṇena kathaṃkathībhāvassa,
4. kalāpasammasanena “ahaṃ mamā” ti gāhassa,
5. maggâmaggavavatthānena amagge maggasaññāya,
6. udayadassanena ucchedadiṭṭhiyā,
7. vayadassanena sassatadiṭṭhiyā,
8. bhayadassanena sabhayesu abhayasaññāya,
9. ādīnavadassanena assādasaññāya,
10. nibbidānupassanena abhiratisaññāya,
11. muccitukamyatāñāṇena amuccitukamyatāya,
12. upekkhāñāṇena anupekkhāya,
13. anulomena dhammaṭṭhitiyaṃ nibbāne ca paṭilomabhāvassa,
14. gotrabhunā saṅkhāranimittaggāhassa pahānaṃ,

etaṃ tadaṅgappahānaṃ nāma.

Yaṃ pana upacārappanābhedassa samādhino, yāva attano aparihānipavatti, tāva tenâbhihatānaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ yathāsakaṃ vitakkādi-paccanīkadhammānañ ca anuppatti-saṅkhātaṃ pahānaṃ, etaṃ vikkhambhanappahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ pana catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato attano santāne yathāsakaṃ

“Diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāyā” ti (dha. sa. 277)

ādinā nayena vuttassa samudayapakkhikassa kilesagahanassa¹² puna accanta-appavattibhāvena samuccheda-saṅkhātaṃ pahānaṃ, idaṃ samucchedappahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ pana phalakkhaṇe paṭippassaddhattaṃ kilesānaṃ pahānaṃ, idaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ pana sabbasaṅkhata-nissaraṇattā pahīnasabbasaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ, etaṃ nissaraṇappahānaṃ nāma. Sabbam pi c’etaṃ pahānaṃ, yasmā cāgaṭṭhena pahānaṃ, vinayanaṭṭhena vinayo, tasmā “pahānavinayo” ti vuccati, taṃtaṃpahānavato vā tassa tassa vinayassa sambhavato p’etaṃ “pahānavinayo” ti vuccati. Evaṃ pahānavinayo pi pañcadhā bhijjatī ti veditabbo.

Evam ekekassa pañcadhā bhinnattā das’ete vinayā honti. Tesu paṭippassaddhivinayaṃ nissaraṇavinayañ ca ṭhapetvā avasesena aṭṭhavidhena vinayen’esa tena tena pariyāyena vinetī ti pavuccati. Kathaṃ? Sīlasaṃvarena kāyavacīduccaritāni vinento pi hi taṃsampayuttaṃ kodhaṃ vineti, satipaññāsaṃvarehi abhijjhādomanassādīni vinento pi domanassasampayuttaṃ kodhaṃ vineti, khantisaṃvarena sītādīni khamanto pi taṃtaṃāghātavatthusambhavaṃ kodhaṃ vineti, vīriyasaṃvarena byāpādavitakkaṃ vinento pi taṃsampayuttaṃ kodhaṃ vineti, yehi dhammehi tadaṅga-vikkhambhana-samucchedappahānāni honti, tesaṃ dhammānaṃ attani nibbattanena te te dhamme pajahanto pi tadaṅgappahātabbaṃ vikkhambhetabbaṃ samucchinditabbañ ca kodhaṃ vineti. Kāmañ c’ettha pahānavinayena vinayo na sambhavati, yehi pana dhammehi pahānaṃ hoti, tehi vinento pi pariyāyato “pahānavinayena vinetī” ti vuccati. Paṭippassaddhippahānakāle pana vinetabbābhāvato nissaraṇappahānassa ca anuppādetabbato na tehi kiñci vinetī ti vuccati. Evaṃ tesu paṭippassaddhivinayaṃ nissaraṇavinayañ ca ṭhapetvā avasesena aṭṭhavidhena vinayen’esa tena tena pariyāyena vinetī ti pavuccatī ti.

Ye vā

“Pañc’ime, bhikkhave, āghātapaṭivinayā, yattha bhikkhuno uppanno āghāto sabbaso paṭivinetabbo. Katame pañca? Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, puggale āghāto jāyetha, mettā tasmiṃ puggale bhāvetabbā…pe… karuṇā… upekkhā… asati-amanasikāro tasmiṃ puggale āpajjitabbo, evaṃ tasmiṃ puggale āghāto paṭivinetabbo, kammassakatā eva vā tasmiṃ puggale adhiṭṭhātabbā ‘kammassako ayam āyasmā…pe… dāyādo bhavissatī’” ti (a. ni. 5.161)

evaṃ pañca āghātapaṭivinayā vuttā, ye ca

“Pañc’ime, āvuso, āghātapaṭivinayā, yattha bhikkhuno uppanno āghāto sabbaso paṭivinetabbo. Katame pañca? Idh’āvuso, ekacco puggalo aparisuddhakāyasamācāro hoti, parisuddhavacīsamācāro, evarūpe pi, āvuso, puggale āghāto paṭivinetabbo” ti (a. ni. 5.162)

evamādinā pi nayena pañca āghātapaṭivinayā vuttā, tesu yena kenaci āghātapaṭivinayena vinento p’esa vinetī ti pavuccati.

Api ca yasmā

“Ubhatodaṇḍakena ce pi, bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okkanteyyuṃ, tatrâpi yo mano padoseyya, na me so tena sāsanakaro” ti (ma. ni. 1.232)

evaṃ Satthu ovādaṃ

“Tass’eva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati,
kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.
Ubhinnam atthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca,
paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati” (saṃ. ni. 1.188)

“Satt’ime, bhikkhave, dhammā sapattakantā sapattakaraṇā kodhanaṃ āgacchanti itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā. Katame satta? Idha, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati ‘aho, vatâyaṃ dubbaṇṇo assā’ ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa vaṇṇavatāya nandati. Kodhanâyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto, kiñcāpi so hoti sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu odātavatthavasano, atha kho so dubbaṇṇo va hoti kodhābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā (a. ni. 7.64)

“Puna ca paraṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati ‘aho, vatâyaṃ dukkhaṃ sayeyyā’ ti…pe… ‘na pacurattho assā’ ti…pe… ‘na bhogavā assā’ ti…pe… ‘na yasavā assā’ ti…pe… ‘na mittavā assā’ ti…pe… ‘kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyā’ ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa sugatigamanena nandati. Kodhanâyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya… manasā duccaritaṃ carati, so kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā…pe… vācāya…pe… manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā…pe… nirayaṃ upapajjati kodhābhibhūto” ti (a. ni. 7.64)

“Kuddho atthaṃ na jānāti, kuddho dhammaṃ na passati…pe…” (a. ni. 7.64; mahāni. 5)

“Yena kodhena kuddhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ,
taṃ kodhaṃ sammad aññāya pajahanti vipassino” (itivu. 4)

“Kodhaṃ jahe vippajaheyya mānaṃ,
saṃyojanaṃ sabbam atikkameyya” (dha. pa. 221)

“Anatthajanano kodho, kodho cittappakopano” (a. ni. 7.64; itivu. 88)

“Ekāparādhaṃ khama Bhūripañña, na paṇḍitā kodhabalā bhavantī” ti (jā. 1.15.19)

evamādinā nayena kodhe ādīnavañ ca paccavekkhato pi kodho vinayaṃ upeti, tasmā evaṃ paccavekkhitvā kodhaṃ vinento pi esa vinetī ti vuccati.

Kodhan ti “anatthaṃ me acarī ti āghāto jāyatī” ti ādinā (dī. ni. 3.340; a. ni. 9.29) nayena sutte vuttānaṃ navannaṃ, “atthaṃ me na carī” ti ādīnañ ca tappaṭipakkhato siddhānaṃ navannam evā ti aṭṭhārasannaṃ, khāṇukaṇṭakādinā aṭṭhānena saddhiṃ ekūnavīsatiyā āghātavatthūnaṃ aññatarāghātavatthusambhavaṃ āghātaṃ. Visaṭan ti vitthataṃ. Sappavisan ti sappassa visaṃ. Ivā ti opammavacanaṃ, i-kāralopaṃ katvā va icc eva vuttaṃ. Osadhehī ti agadehi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti: yathā visatikicchako vejjo sappena daṭṭhaṃ sabbaṃ kāyaṃ pharitvā ṭhitaṃ visaṭaṃ sappavisaṃ mūla-khandha-taca-patta-pupphādīnaṃ aññatarehi nānābhesajjehi payojetvā katehi vā osadhehi khippam eva vineyya, evam evaṃ yo yathāvutten’atthena uppatitaṃ cittasantānaṃ byāpetvā ṭhitaṃ kodhaṃ yathāvuttesu vinayanūpāyesu yena kenaci upāyena vineti nâdhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkarotī ti.

So bhikkhu jahāti orapāran ti so evaṃ kodhaṃ vinento bhikkhu, yasmā kodho tatiyamaggena sabbaso pahīyati, tasmā orapārasaññitāni pañcorambhāgiya-saṃyojanāni jahātī ti veditabbo. Avisesena hi pāran ti tīrassa nāmaṃ, tasmā orāni ca tāni saṃsārasāgarassa pārabhūtāni cā ti katvā “orapāran” ti vuccati.

Atha vā “yo uppatitaṃ vineti kodhaṃ visaṭaṃ sappavisaṃ va osadhehi”, so tatiyamaggena sabbaso kodhaṃ vinetvā anāgāmiphale ṭhito bhikkhu jahāti orapāraṃ. Tattha oran ti sakattabhāvo, pāran ti parattabhāvo, oraṃ vā cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni, pāraṃ cha bāhirāyatanāni, tathā oraṃ manussaloko, pāraṃ devaloko, oraṃ kāmadhātu, pāraṃ rūpārūpadhātu, oraṃ kāmarūpabhavo, pāraṃ arūpabhavo, oraṃ attabhāvo, pāraṃ attabhāva-sukhūpakaraṇāni. Evam etasmiṃ orapāre catutthamaggena chandarāgaṃ pajahanto “jahāti orapāran” ti vuccati. Ettha ca kiñcāpi anāgāmino kāmarāgassa pahīnattā idh’attabhāvādīsu chandarāgo eva natthi, api ca kho pan’assa tatiyamaggādīnaṃ viya vaṇṇappakāsanatthaṃ sabbam etaṃ orapārabhedaṃ saṅgahetvā tattha chandarāgappahānena “jahāti orapāran” ti vuttaṃ.

Idāni tass’atthassa vibhāvanatthāya upamaṃ āha “urago jiṇṇam iva tacaṃ purāṇan” ti. Tattha urena gacchatī ti urago, sappass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. So duvidho kāmarūpī ca akāmarūpī ca, kāmarūpī pi duvidho jalajo thalajo ca. Jalajo jale eva kāmarūpaṃ labhati, na thale, Saṅkhapālajātake Saṅkhapālanāgarājā viya. Thalajo thale eva, na jale. So jajjarabhāvena jiṇṇaṃ, cirakālatāya purāṇañ cā ti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ.

Tacaṃ jahanto catubbidhena jahāti: sajātiyaṃ ṭhito, jigucchanto, nissāya, thāmenā ti. Sajāti nāma sappajāti dīghattabhāvo. Uragā hi pañcasu ṭhānesu sajātiṃ nâtivattanti: upapattiyaṃ, cutiyaṃ, vissaṭṭha-niddokkamane, samānajātiyā methunapaṭisevane, jiṇṇatacāpanayane cā ti. Sappo hi yadā tacaṃ jahāti, tadā sajātiyaṃ yeva ṭhatvā jahāti, sajātiyaṃ ṭhito pi ca jigucchanto jahāti——jigucchanto nāma, yadā upaḍḍhaṭṭhāne mutto hoti upaḍḍhaṭṭhāne amutto olambati, tadā naṃ aṭṭīyanto jahāti——evaṃ jigucchanto pi ca daṇḍantaraṃ vā mūlantaraṃ vā pāsāṇantaraṃ vā nissāya jahāti, nissāya jahanto pi ca thāmaṃ janetvā, ussāhaṃ katvā, vīriyena vaṅkaṃ naṅguṭṭhaṃ katvā, passasanto va phaṇaṃ karitvā jahāti, evaṃ jahitvā yenakāmaṃ pakkamati. Evam evaṃ ayam pi bhikkhu orapāraṃ jahitukāmo catubbidhena jahāti: sajātiyaṃ ṭhito, jigucchanto, nissāya, thāmenā ti. Sajāti nāma bhikkhuno

“Ariyāya jātiyā jāto” ti (ma. ni. 2.351)

vacanato sīlaṃ, ten’evâha “sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sappañño” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.23; peṭako. 22), evam etissaṃ sajātiyaṃ ṭhito bhikkhu taṃ sakattabhāvâdibhedaṃ orapāraṃ jiṇṇapurāṇatacam iva dukkhaṃ janentaṃ tattha tattha ādīnavadassanena jigucchanto kalyāṇamitte nissāya adhimatta-vāyāma-saṅkhātaṃ thāmaṃ janetvā

“Divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhetī” ti (a. ni. 3.16; vibha. 519)

vuttanayena rattindivaṃ chadhā vibhajitvā ghaṭento vāyamanto, urago viya vaṅkaṃ naṅguṭṭhaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā, urago viya passasanto, ayam pi asithila-parakkamatāya vāyamanto, urago viya phaṇaṃ karitvā, ayam pi ñāṇavipphāraṃ janetvā, urago va tacaṃ orapāraṃ jahāti, jahitvā ca urago viya ohitataco yenakāmaṃ ayam pi ohitabhāro anupādisesa-nibbānadhātu-disaṃ pakkamatī ti. Tenāha Bhagavā

“Yo uppatitaṃ vineti kodhaṃ, visaṭaṃ sappavisaṃ va osadhehi,
so bhikkhu jahāti orapāraṃ, urago jiṇṇam iva tacaṃ purāṇan” ti.

Evam esā Bhagavatā arahattanikūṭena paṭhamagāthā desitā ti.

2

Idāni dutiyagāthāya atthavaṇṇanākkamo anuppatto, tatrâpi

“Yena yattha yadā yasmā vuttā gāthā ayaṃ, imaṃ
vidhiṃ pakāsayitvâssā karissām’atthavaṇṇanan” ti

ayam eva mātikā, tato parañ ca sabbagāthāsu. Ativitthārabhayena pana ito pabhuti mātikaṃ anikkhipitvā uppattidassananayen’eva tassā tassā atthaṃ dassento atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi, seyyathidaṃ “yo rāgam udacchidā asesan” ti ayaṃ dutiyagāthā.

Tass’uppatti: ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati Jetavane Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato Sāriputtattherassa upaṭṭhāko aññataro suvaṇṇakāraputto therassa santike pabbajito. Thero tassa “daharānaṃ asubhaṃ sappāyan” ti mantvā rāgavighātatthaṃ asubhakammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. Tassa tasmiṃ āsevanamattam pi cittaṃ na labhati, so “anupakāraṃ mam’etan” ti therassa ārocesi. Thero “daharānam etaṃ sappāyan” ti mantvā puna pi tad evâcikkhi. Evaṃ cattāro māsā atītā, so kiñcimattam pi visesaṃ na labhati. Tato naṃ thero Bhagavato santikaṃ nesi. Bhagavā “avisayo, Sāriputta, tuyh’etassa sappāyaṃ jānituṃ, buddhaveneyyo eso” ti vatvā pabhassaravaṇṇaṃ padumaṃ iddhiyā nimminitvā tassa hatthe pādāsi “handa, bhikkhu, imaṃ vihārapacchāyāyaṃ vālikātale nāḷena vijjhitvā ṭhapehi, abhimukhañ c’assa pallaṅkena nisīda ‘lohitaṃ lohitan’ ti āvajjento” ti. Ayaṃ kira pañca jātisatāni suvaṇṇakāro va ahosi, ten’assa “lohitakanimittaṃ sappāyan” ti ñatvā Bhagavā lohitakakammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. So tathā katvā muhutten’eva yathākkamaṃ tattha cattāri pi jhānāni adhigantvā anulomapaṭilomādinā nayena jhānakīḷaṃ ārabhi.

Atha Bhagavā “taṃ padumaṃ milāyatū” ti adhiṭṭhāsi. So jhānā vuṭṭhito taṃ milātaṃ kāḷavaṇṇaṃ disvā “pabhassararūpaṃ jarāya parimadditan” ti aniccasaññaṃ paṭilabhi, tato naṃ ajjhattam pi upasaṃhari, tato “yad aniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tad anattā” ti tayo pi bhave āditte viya passi. Evaṃ passato c’assâvidūre padumassaro atthi, tattha dārakā orohitvā padumāni bhañjitvā bhañjitvā rāsiṃ karonti. Tassa tāni udake padumāni naḷavane aggijālā viya khāyiṃsu, pattāni patantāni papātaṃ pavisantāni viya khāyiṃsu, thale nikkhittapadumānaṃ aggāni milātāni aggiḍaḍḍhāni viya khāyiṃsu. Ath’assa tadanusārena sabbadhamme upanijjhāyato bhiyyosomattāya tayo bhavā ādittam iva agāraṃ appaṭisaraṇā hutvā upaṭṭhahiṃsu. Tato Bhagavā Gandhakuṭiyaṃ nisinno va tassa bhikkhuno upari sarīrābhaṃ muñci, sā c’assa mukhaṃ yeva ajjhotthari. Tato so “kim etan” ti āvajjento Bhagavantaṃ āgantvā samīpe ṭhitam iva disvā uṭṭhāyâsanā añjaliṃ paṇāmesi. Ath’assa Bhagavā sappāyaṃ viditvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ obhāsagāthaṃ abhāsi “yo rāgam udacchidā asesan” ti.

Tattha rañjanavasena rāgo, pañcakāmaguṇarāgass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Udacchidā ti ucchindati, bhañjati, vināseti. Atītakālikānam pi hi chandasi vattamānavacanaṃ akkharacintakā icchanti. Asesan ti sānusayaṃ. Bhisapupphaṃ va saroruhan ti sare virūḷhaṃ padumapupphaṃ viya. Vigayhā ti ogayha, pavisitvā ti attho. Sesaṃ pubbasadisam eva.

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yathā nāma ete dārakā saraṃ oruyha bhisapupphaṃ saroruhaṃ chindanti, evam evaṃ yo bhikkhu imaṃ tedhātukaloka-sannivāsaṃ ogayha

“Natthi rāgasamo aggi” (dha. pa. 202)

“Kāmarāgena dayhāmi, cittaṃ me paridayhati” (saṃ. ni. 1.212)

“Ye rāgarattânupatanti sotaṃ, sayaṃkataṃ makkaṭako va jālaṃ” (dha. pa. 347)

“Ratto kho, āvuso, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto pāṇam pi hanatī” ti (a. ni. 3.56, 72)

evamādinayam anugantvā rāgādīnava-paccavekkhaṇena yathāvuttappakārehi sīlasaṃvarādīhi saṃvarehi saviññāṇakâviññāṇakesu vatthūsu asubhasaññāya ca thokaṃ thokaṃ rāgaṃ samucchindanto anāgāmimaggena avasesaṃ, arahattamaggena ca tato anavasesam pi ucchindati, pubbe vuttappakāren’eva so bhikkhu jahāti orapāraṃ urago jiṇṇam iva tacaṃ purāṇan ti. Evam esā Bhagavatā arahattanikūṭena gāthā desitā, desanāpariyosāne ca so bhikkhu arahatte patiṭṭhito ti.

3

Yo taṇham udacchidā ti kā uppatti? Bhagavā Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Aññataro bhikkhu Gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre viharanto taṇhāvasena akusalavitakkaṃ vitakketi. Bhagavā tass’ajjhāsayaṃ viditvā imaṃ obhāsagātham abhāsi.

Tattha tassatī ti taṇhā, visayehi tittiṃ na upetī ti attho, kāma-bhava-vibhava-taṇhānam etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Saritan ti gataṃ pavattaṃ, yāva bhavaggā ajjhottharitvā ṭhitan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Sīghasaran ti sīghagāminiṃ, sandiṭṭhika-samparāyikaṃ ādīnavaṃ agaṇetvā muhutten’eva paracakkavāḷam pi bhavaggam pi sampāpuṇituṃ samatthan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Evam etaṃ saritaṃ sīghasaraṃ sabbappakāram pi taṇhaṃ

“Upari visālā duppūrā icchā visaṭagāminī,
ye ca taṃ anugijjhanti, te honti cakkadhārino” ti (jā. 1.10.6)

“Taṇhādutiyo puriso, dīgham addhāna saṃsaraṃ,
itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, saṃsāraṃ nâtivattatī” ti (su. ni. 746)

“Ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso ti kho, mahārājā” ti (ma. ni. 2.305)

ca evam ādīnava-paccavekkhaṇena vuttappakārehi sīlasaṃvarādīhi ca yo thokaṃ thokaṃ visosayitvā arahattamaggena asesaṃ ucchijjati, so bhikkhu tasmiṃ yeva khaṇe sabbappakāram pi jahāti orapāran ti. Desanāpariyosāne so bhikkhu arahatte patiṭṭhito ti.

4

Yo mānam udabbadhī ti kā uppatti? Bhagavā Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Aññataro bhikkhu Gaṅgāya tīre viharanto gimhakāle appodake sote kataṃ naḷasetuṃ pacchā āgatena mahoghena vuyhamānaṃ disvā “aniccā saṅkhārā” ti saṃviggo aṭṭhāsi. Tass’ajjhāsayaṃ viditvā Bhagavā imaṃ obhāsagāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha māno ti jāti-ādi-vatthuko cetaso uṇṇāmo, so “seyyo’ham asmī” ti māno, “sadiso’ham asmī” ti māno, “hīno’ham asmī” ti māno ti evaṃ tividho hoti, puna “seyyassa seyyo’ham asmī ti, seyyassa sadiso, seyyassa hīno, sadisassa seyyo, sadisassa sadiso, sadisassa hīno, hīnassa seyyo, hīnassa sadiso, hīnassa hīno’ham asmī” ti māno ti evaṃ navavidho hoti. Taṃ sabbappakāram pi mānaṃ

“Yena mānena mattāse, sattā gacchanti duggatin” ti (itivu. 6)

ādinā nayena tattha ādīnava-paccavekkhaṇena vuttappakārehi sīlasaṃvarādīhi ca yo thokaṃ thokaṃ vadhento kilesānaṃ abala-dubbalattā naḷasetusadisaṃ lokuttaradhammānaṃ atibalattā mahoghasadisena arahattamaggena asesaṃ udabbadhi, anavasesa-ppahāna-vasena ucchindanto vadhetī ti vuttaṃ hoti, so bhikkhu tasmiṃ yeva khaṇe sabbappakāram pi jahāti orapāran ti. Desanāpariyosāne so bhikkhu arahatte patiṭṭhito ti.

5

Yo nâjjhagamā ti kā uppatti? Imissā gāthāya ito parānañ ca dvādasannaṃ ekā yeva uppatti. Ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro brāhmaṇo attano dhītuyā vāreyye paccupaṭṭhite cintesi “kenaci vasalena aparibhuttapubbehi pupphehi dārikaṃ alaṅkaritvā patikulaṃ pesessāmī” ti. So santarabāhiraṃ Sāvatthiṃ vicinanto kiñci tiṇapuppham pi aparibhuttapubbaṃ nâddasa. Atha sambahule dhuttakajātike brāhmaṇadārake sannipatite disvā “ete pucchissāmi, avassaṃ sambahulesu koci jānissatī” ti upasaṅkamitvā pucchi. Te taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ uppaṇḍentā āhaṃsu “udumbarapupphaṃ nāma, brāhmaṇa, loke na kenaci paribhuttapubbaṃ, tena dhītaraṃ alaṅkaritvā dehī” ti.

So dutiyadivase kālass’eva vuṭṭhāya bhattavissaggaṃ katvā Aciravatiyā nadiyā tīre udumbaravanaṃ gantvā ekamekaṃ rukkhaṃ vicinanto pupphassa vaṇṭamattam pi nâddasa. Atha vītivatte majjhanhike dutiyatīraṃ agamāsi, tattha ca aññataro bhikkhu aññatarasmiṃ manuññe rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisinno kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikaroti. So tattha upasaṅkamitvā amanasikaritvā, sakiṃ nisīditvā, sakiṃ ukkuṭiko hutvā, sakiṃ ṭhatvā, taṃ rukkhaṃ sabba-sākhā-viṭapa-pattantaresu vicinanto kilamati. Tato naṃ so bhikkhu āha “brāhmaṇa, kiṃ maggasī” ti? “Udumbarapupphaṃ, bho” ti. “Udumbarapupphaṃ nāma, brāhmaṇa, loke natthi, musā etaṃ vacanaṃ, mā kilamā” ti. Atha Bhagavā tassa bhikkhuno ajjhāsayaṃ viditvā obhāsaṃ muñcitvā samuppanna-samannāhāra-bahumānassa imā obhāsagāthāyo abhāsi “yo nâjjhagamā bhavesu sāran” ti sabbā vattabbā.

Tattha paṭhamagāthāya tāva nâjjhagamā ti nâdhigacchi, nâdhigacchati vā. Bhavesū ti kāmarūpārūpa-saññī-asaññī-nevasaññīnāsaññī-ekavokāra-catuvokāra-pañcavokāra-bhavesu. Sāran ti niccabhāvaṃ attabhāvaṃ vā. Vicinan ti paññāya gavesanto. Puppham iva udumbaresū ti yathā udumbararukkhesu pupphaṃ vicinanto esa brāhmaṇo nâjjhagamā, evaṃ, yo yogāvacaro pi paññāya vicinanto sabbabhavesu kiñci sāraṃ nâjjhagamā, so asārakaṭṭhena te dhamme aniccato anattato ca vipassanto anupubbena lokuttaradhamme adhigacchanto jahāti orapāraṃ urago jiṇṇam iva tacaṃ purāṇan ti ayam attho yojanā ca. Avasesagāthāsu pan’assa yojanaṃ avatvā visesatthamattam eva vakkhāma.

6

Yass’antarato na santi kopā, itibhavābhavatañ ca vītivatto ti ettha tāva ayaṃ antara-saddo

“Nadītīresu saṇṭhāne, sabhāsu rathiyāsu ca,
janā saṅgamma mantenti, mañ ca tañ ca kim antaran” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.228)

“Appamattakena visesādhigamena antarā vosānam āpādi” (a. ni. 10.84)

“Anatthajanano kodho, kodho cittappakopano,
bhayam antarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nâvabujjhatī” ti (a. ni. 7.64; itivu. 88)

evaṃ kāraṇa-vemajjha-cittādīsu sambahulesu atthesu dissati, idha pana citte, tato yass’antarato na santi kopā ti tatiyamaggena samūhatattā yassa citte na santi kopā ti attho.

Yasmā pana bhavo ti sampatti, vibhavo ti vipatti, tathā bhavo ti vuddhi, vibhavo ti hāni, bhavo ti sassato, vibhavo ti ucchedo, bhavo ti puññaṃ, vibhavo ti pāpaṃ, vibhavo abhavo ti ca atthato ekam eva, tasmā itibhavābhavatañ ca vītivatto ti ettha yā esā sampattivipatti-vuḍḍhihāni-sassatuccheda-puññapāpa-vasena iti anekappakārā bhavābhavatā vuccati. Catūhi pi maggehi yathāsambhavaṃ tena tena nayena taṃ itibhavābhavatañ ca vītivatto ti evam attho ñātabbo.

7

Yassa vitakkā ti ettha pana yassa bhikkhuno tayo kāma-byāpāda-vihiṃsā-vitakkā, tayo ñāti-janapadāmara-vitakkā, tayo parānuddayatā-paṭisaṃyutta-lābhasakkārasiloka-anavaññatti-paṭisaṃyutta-vitakkā ti ete nava vitakkā Samantabhaddake vuttanayena tattha tattha ādīnavaṃ paccavekkhitvā paṭipakkha-vavatthānena tassa tassa pahāna-samatthehi tīhi heṭṭhima-maggehi ca vidhūpitā bhusaṃ dhūpitā santāpitā daḍḍhā ti attho.

Evaṃ vidhūpetvā ca ajjhattaṃ suvikappitā asesā, niyakajjhattabhūte attano khandhasantāne ajjhattajjhattabhūte citte ca yathā na puna sambhavanti, evaṃ arahattamaggena asesā chinnā. Chinnañ hi kappitan ti vuccati, yathâha “kappita-kesa-massū” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.122, 4.365), evam ettha attho daṭṭhabbo.

8

Idāni yo nâccasārī ti ettha yo nâccasārī ti yo nâtidhāvi, na paccasārī ti na ohīyi. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Accāraddhavīriyena hi uddhacce patanto accāsarati, atisithilena kosajje patanto paccāsarati, tathā bhavataṇhāya attānaṃ kilamento accāsarati, kāmataṇhāya kāmasukham anuyuñjanto paccāsarati, sassatadiṭṭhiyā accāsarati, ucchedadiṭṭhiyā paccāsarati, atītaṃ anusocanto accāsarati, anāgata paṭikaṅkhanto paccāsarati, pubbantānudiṭṭhiyā accāsarati, aparantānudiṭṭhiyā paccāsarati, tasmā yo ete ubho ante vajjetvā majjhimaṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipajjanto nāccasārī na paccasārī ti evaṃ vuttaṃ hoti.

Sabbaṃ accagamā imaṃ papañcan ti tāya ca pana arahattamagga-vosānāya majjhimāya paṭipadāya sabbaṃ imaṃ vedanā-saññā-vitakka-ppabhavaṃ taṇhā-māna-diṭṭhi-saṅkhātaṃ tividhaṃ papañcaṃ accagamā, atikkanto, samatikkanto ti attho.

9

Tadanantaragāthāya pana “sabbaṃ vitatham idan ti ñatvā loke” ti ayam eva viseso. Tass’attho: sabban ti anavasesaṃ, sakalam, anūnan ti vuttaṃ hoti, evaṃ sante pi pana vipassanupagaṃ lokiya-khandhāyatana-dhātu-ppabhedaṃ saṅkhatam eva idhâdhippetaṃ. Vitathan ti vigatatathabhāvaṃ, niccan ti vā sukhan ti vā subhan ti vā attā ti vā yathā yathā kilesavasena bālajanehi gayhati, tathātathābhāvato vitathan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Idan ti tam eva sabbaṃ paccakkhabhāvena dassento āha. Ñatvā ti maggapaññāya jānitvā, tañ ca pana asammohato, na visayato. Loke ti okāsaloke. Sabbaṃ khandhādibhedaṃ dhammajātaṃ “vitatham idan” ti ñatvā ti sambandho.

10

Idāni ito parāsu catūsu gāthāsu “vītalobho, vītarāgo, vītadoso, vītamoho” ti ete visesā. Ettha lubbhanavasena lobho, sabbasaṅgāhikam etaṃ paṭhamassa akusalamūlassa adhivacanaṃ, visamalobhassa vā, yo so

“App ekadā mātumattīsu pi lobhadhammā uppajjanti, bhaginimattīsu pi lobhadhammā uppajjanti, dhītumattīsu pi lobhadhammā uppajjantī” ti (saṃ. ni. 4.127)

evaṃ vutto.

11

Rajjanavasena¹³ rāgo, pañcakāmaguṇarāgass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

12

Dussanavasena doso, pubbe vuttakodhass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

13

Muyhanavasena moho, catūsu ariyasaccesu aññāṇass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

Tattha yasmā ayaṃ bhikkhu lobhaṃ jigucchanto vipassanaṃ ārabhi “kudāssu nāmāhaṃ lobhaṃ vinetvā vigatalobho vihareyyan” ti, tasmā tassa lobhappahānūpāyaṃ sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ vitathabhāvadassanaṃ lobhappahānānisaṃsañ ca orapārappahānaṃ dassento imaṃ gātham āha, esa nayo ito parāsu pi.

Keci panâhu “yathāvutten’eva nayena ete¹⁴ dhamme jigucchitvā vipassanam āraddhassa tassa tassa bhikkhuno ekamekā va ettha gāthā vuttā” ti, yaṃ ruccati, taṃ gahetabbaṃ.

14

Esa nayo ito parāsu catūsu gāthāsu. Ayaṃ pan’ettha atthavaṇṇanā: appahīnaṭṭhena santāne sayantī¹⁵ ti anusayā, kāmarāga-paṭigha-māna-diṭṭhi-vicikicchā-bhavarāgāvijjānaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sampayuttadhammānaṃ attano ākārānuvidhānaṭṭhena mūlā, akhemaṭṭhena akusalā, dhammānaṃ¹⁶ patiṭṭhābhūtā ti pi mūlā, sāvajja-dukkhavipākaṭṭhena akusalā, ubhayam p’etaṃ lobha-dosa-mohānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Te hi “lobho, bhikkhave, akusalañ ca akusalamūlañ cā” ti ādinā nayena evaṃ niddiṭṭhā.

Evam ete anusayā tena tena maggena pahīnattā yassa keci na santi, ete ca akusalamūlā tath’eva samūhatāse, samūhatā icc eva attho. Paccatta-bahuvacanassa hi se-kārāgamaṃ icchanti saddalakkhaṇakovidā, aṭṭhakathācariyā pana “se ti nipāto” ti vaṇṇayanti, yaṃ ruccati, taṃ gahetabbaṃ.

Ettha pana “kiñcāpi so evaṃvidho bhikkhu khīṇāsavo hoti, khīṇāsavo ca neva ādiyati, na pajahati, pajahitvā ṭhito” ti vutto, tathā pi vattamānasamīpe vattamānavacanalakkhaṇena “jahāti orapāran” ti vuccati. Atha vā anupādisesāya ca nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyanto attano ajjhattika-bāhirāyatana-saṅkhātaṃ jahāti orapāran ti veditabbo.

Tattha kilesapaṭipāṭiyā maggapaṭipāṭiyā cā ti dvidhā anusayānaṃ abhāvo veditabbo. Kilesapaṭipāṭiyā hi kāmarāgānusaya-paṭighānusayānaṃ tatiyamaggena abhāvo hoti, mānānusayassa catutthamaggena, diṭṭhānusaya-vicikicchānusayānaṃ paṭhamamaggena, bhavarāgānusayāvijjānusayānaṃ catutthamaggen’eva. Maggapaṭipāṭiyā pana paṭhamamaggena diṭṭhānusaya-vicikicchānusayānaṃ abhāvo hoti, dutiyamaggena kāmarāgānusaya-paṭighānusayānaṃ tanubhāvo, tatiyamaggena sabbaso abhāvo, catutthamaggena mānānusaya-bhavarāgānusayāvijjānusayānaṃ abhāvo hoti.

Tattha yasmā na sabbe anusayā akusalamūlā, kāmarāga-bhavarāgānusayā eva hi lobhākusalamūlena saṅgahaṃ gacchanti, paṭighānusayāvijjānusayā ca “doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ” icc eva saṅkhaṃ gacchanti, diṭṭhi-māna-vicikicchānusayā pana na kiñci akusalamūlaṃ honti. Yasmā vā anusayābhāvavasena ca akusalamūla-samugghātavasena ca kilesappahānaṃ paṭṭhapesi¹⁷, tasmā

“Yassânusayā na santi keci, mūlā ca akusalā samūhatāse”

iti Bhagavā āha.

15

Yassa darathajā ti ettha pana paṭhamuppannā kilesā pariḷāhaṭṭhena darathā nāma, aparāparuppannā pana tehi darathehi jātattā darathajā nāma. Oran ti sakkāyo vuccati, yathāha:

“Orimaṃ tīran ti kho, bhikkhu, sakkāyass’etaṃ adhivacanan” ti (saṃ. ni. 4.238)

Āgamanāyā ti uppattiyā. Paccayāse ti paccayā eva.

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yassa pana upādānakkhandha-ggahaṇāya paccayabhūtā ariyamaggena pahīnattā, keci darathaja-vevacanā kilesā na santi, pubbe vuttanayen’eva so bhikkhu jahāti orapāran ti.

16

Yassa vanathajā ti ettha pi darathajā viya vanathajā veditabbā. Vacanatthe pana ayaṃ viseso: vanute, vanotī ti vā vanaṃ, yācati sevati bhajatī ti attho, taṇhāy’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sā hi visayānaṃ patthanato sevanato ca “vanan” ti vuccati. Taṃ pariyuṭṭhānavasena vanaṃ tharati tanotī ti vanatho, taṇhānusayass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vanathā jātā ti vanathajā ti.

Keci panâhu “sabbe pi kilesā gahanaṭṭhena vanatho ti vuccanti, aparāparuppannā pana vanathajā” ti. Ayam eva c’ettha Uragasutte attho adhippeto, itaro pana Dhammapadagāthāyaṃ.

Vinibandhāya bhavāyā ti bhavavinibandhāya. Atha vā cittassa visayesu vinibandhāya āyatiṃ uppattiyā cā ti attho. Hetuy’eva hetukappā.

17

Yo nīvaraṇe ti ettha nīvaraṇā ti cittaṃ hitapaṭipattiṃ vā nīvarantī ti nīvaraṇā, paṭicchādentī ti attho. Pahāyā ti chaḍḍetvā. Pañcā ti tesaṃ saṅkhyāparicchedo. Īghābhāvato anīgho. Kathaṃkathāya tiṇṇattā tiṇṇakathaṃkatho. Vigatasallattā visallo.

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yo bhikkhu kāmacchandādīni pañca nīvaraṇāni Samantabhaddake vuttanayena sāmaññato visesato ca nīvaraṇesu ādīnavaṃ disvā tena tena maggena pahāya, tesañ ca pahīnattā eva kilesadukkha-saṅkhātassa īghassâbhāvena anīgho.

“Ahosiṃ nu kho ahaṃ atītam addhānan” ti (ma. ni. 1.18; saṃ. ni. 2.20)

ādinā nayena pavattāya kathaṃkathāya tiṇṇattā tiṇṇakathaṃkatho.

“Tattha katame pañca sallā? Rāgasallo, dosasallo, mohasallo, mānasallo, diṭṭhisallo” ti

vuttānaṃ pañcannaṃ sallānaṃ vigatattā visallo. So bhikkhu pubbe vuttanayen’eva jahāti orapāran ti.

Atrâpi ca kilesapaṭipāṭiyā maggapaṭipāṭiyā cā ti dvidhā eva nīvaraṇappahānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Kilesapaṭipāṭiyā hi kāmacchandanīvaraṇassa byāpādanīvaraṇassa ca tatiyamaggena pahānaṃ hoti, thinamiddhanīvaraṇassa uddhaccanīvaraṇassa ca catutthamaggena,

“Akataṃ vata me kusalan” ti (ma. ni. 3.248; netti. 120)

ādinā nayena pavattassa vippaṭisāra-saṅkhātassa kukkuccanīvaraṇassa vicikicchānīvaraṇassa ca paṭhamamaggena. Maggapaṭipāṭiyā pana kukkuccanīvaraṇassa vicikicchānīvaraṇassa ca paṭhamamaggena pahānaṃ hoti, kāmacchandanīvaraṇassa byāpādanīvaraṇassa ca dutiyamaggena tanubhāvo hoti, tatiyena anavasesappahānaṃ, thinamiddhanīvaraṇassa uddhaccanīvaraṇassa ca catutthamaggena pahānaṃ hotī ti.

Evaṃ

“Yo nīvaraṇe pahāya pañca, anīgho tiṇṇakathaṃkatho visallo,
so bhikkhu jahāti orapāraṃ, urago jiṇṇam iva ttacaṃ purāṇan” ti

arahattanikūṭen’eva Bhagavā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi, desanāpariyosāne so bhikkhu arahatte patiṭṭhito. Ekacce “yena yena tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yā yā gāthā desitā, tena tena tassā tassā gāthāya pariyosāne so so bhikkhu arahatte patiṭṭhito” ti vadanti.