耕田婆罗豆婆遮经注

Kasibhāradvājasuttavaṇṇanā

Evaṃ me sutan ti Kasibhāradvājasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Bhagavā Magadhesu viharanto Dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ Ekanālāyaṃ brāhmaṇagāme purebhattakiccaṃ pacchābhattakiccan ti imesu dvīsu buddhakiccesu purebhattakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā pacchābhattakiccāvasāne buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento Kasibhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ arahattassa upanissayasampannaṃ disvā “tattha mayi gate yathā¹ pavattissati, tato kathāvasāne dhammadesanaṃ sutvā esa brāhmaṇo pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇissatī” ti ca ñatvā, tattha gantvā, kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā, imaṃ suttaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha siyā “katamaṃ buddhānaṃ purebhattakiccaṃ, katamaṃ pacchābhattakiccan” ti? Vuccate Buddho Bhagavā pāto eva uṭṭhāya upaṭṭhākānuggahatthaṃ sarīraphāsukatthañ ca mukhadhovanādi-sarīra-parikammaṃ katvā yāva bhikkhācāravelā, tāva vivittāsane vītināmetvā, bhikkhācāravelāya nivāsetvā, kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā, cīvaraṃ pārupitvā, pattam ādāya kadāci ekako va kadāci bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati, kadāci pakatiyā, kadāci anekehi pāṭihāriyehi vattamānehi.

Seyyathidaṃ piṇḍāya pavisato Lokanāthassa purato purato gantvā mudugatiyo vātā pathaviṃ sodhenti. Valāhakā udakaphusitāni muñcantā magge reṇuṃ vūpasametvā upari vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhanti. Apare vātā pupphāni upasaṃharitvā magge okiranti. Unnatā bhūmippadesā onamanti, onatā unnamanti, pādanikkhepasamaye samā va bhūmi hoti, sukhasamphassāni rathacakkamattāni padumapupphāni vā pāde sampaṭicchanti. Indakhīlassa anto ṭhapitamatte dakkhiṇapāde sarīrā chabbaṇṇarasmiyo niccharitvā suvaṇṇarasapiñjarāni viya citrapaṭaparikkhittāni viya ca pāsāda-kūṭāgārādīni karontiyo ito c’ito ca vidhāvanti. Hatthi-assa-vihaṅgādayo sakasakaṭṭhānesu ṭhitā yeva madhurenākārena saddaṃ karonti, tathā bherivīṇādīni tūriyāni manussānaṃ kāyūpagāni ca ābharaṇāni, tena saññāṇena manussā jānanti “ajja Bhagavā idha piṇḍāya paviṭṭho” ti.

Te sunivatthā supārutā gandhapupphādīni ādāya gharā nikkhamitvā antaravīthiṃ paṭipajjitvā Bhagavantaṃ gandhapupphādīhi sakkaccaṃ pūjetvā vanditvā “amhākaṃ, bhante, dasa bhikkhū, amhākaṃ vīsati, amhākaṃ bhikkhusataṃ dethā” ti yācitvā Bhagavato pi pattaṃ gahetvā, āsanaṃ paññāpetvā sakkaccaṃ piṇḍapātena paṭimānenti. Bhagavā katabhattakicco tesaṃ santānāni oloketvā tathā dhammaṃ deseti, yathā keci saraṇagamane patiṭṭhahanti, keci pañcasu sīlesu, keci sotāpatti-sakadāgāmi-anāgāmiphalānaṃ aññatarasmiṃ, keci pabbajitvā aggaphale arahatte ti. Evaṃ tathā tathā janaṃ anuggahetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ gacchati.

Tattha Maṇḍalamāḷe paññatta-varabuddhāsane nisīdati bhikkhūnaṃ bhattakiccapariyosānaṃ āgamayamāno. Tato bhikkhūnaṃ bhattakiccapariyosāne upaṭṭhāko Bhagavato nivedeti. Atha Bhagavā Gandhakuṭiṃ pavisati. Idaṃ tāva purebhattakiccaṃ. Yañ c’ettha na vuttaṃ, taṃ Brahmāyusutte vuttanayen’eva gahetabbaṃ.

Atha Bhagavā evaṃ katapurebhattakicco Gandhakuṭiyā upaṭṭhāne nisīditvā, pāde pakkhāletvā, pādapīṭhe ṭhatvā, bhikkhusaṅghaṃ ovadati “bhikkhave, appamādena sampādetha, buddhuppādo dullabho lokasmiṃ, manussapaṭilābho dullabho, saddhāsampatti² dullabhā, pabbajjā dullabhā, saddhammassavanaṃ dullabhaṃ lokasmin” ti. Tato bhikkhū Bhagavantaṃ vanditvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ pucchanti. Atha Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ cariyavasena kammaṭṭhānaṃ deti. Te kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetvā, Bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā, attano attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanti, keci araññaṃ, keci rukkhamūlaṃ, keci pabbatādīnaṃ aññataraṃ, keci Cātumahārājika-bhavanaṃ…pe… keci Vasavatti-bhavanan ti. Tato Bhagavā Gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā sace ākaṅkhati, dakkhiṇena passena sato sampajāno muhuttaṃ sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti.

Atha samassāsitakāyo uṭṭhahitvā dutiyabhāge lokaṃ voloketi. Tatiyabhāge yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati, tattha jano purebhattaṃ dānaṃ datvā pacchābhattaṃ sunivattho supāruto gandhapupphādīni ādāya vihāre sannipatati. Tato Bhagavā sampattaparisāya anurūpena pāṭihāriyena gantvā dhammasabhāyaṃ paññattavarabuddhāsane nisajja dhammaṃ deseti kālayuttaṃ pamāṇayuttaṃ. Atha kālaṃ viditvā parisaṃ uyyojeti.

Tato sace gattāni osiñcitukāmo hoti, atha buddhāsanā uṭṭhāya upaṭṭhākena udaka-paṭiyāditokāsaṃ gantvā, upaṭṭhāka-hatthato udaka-sāṭikaṃ gahetvā, nhānakoṭṭhakaṃ pavisati. Upaṭṭhāko pi buddhāsanaṃ ānetvā Gandhakuṭipariveṇe paññāpeti. Bhagavā gattāni osiñcitvā, surattadupaṭṭaṃ nivāsetvā, kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā, uttarāsaṅgaṃ katvā, tattha āgantvā, nisīdati ekako va muhuttaṃ paṭisallīno. Atha bhikkhū tato tato āgamma Bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanti. Tattha ekacce pañhaṃ pucchanti, ekacce kammaṭṭhānaṃ, ekacce dhammassavanaṃ yācanti. Bhagavā tesaṃ adhippāyaṃ sampādento paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ vītināmeti.

Majjhimayāme sakala-dasasahassi-lokadhātu-devatāyo okāsaṃ labhamānā Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti yathābhisaṅkhataṃ antamaso caturakkharam pi. Bhagavā tāsaṃ devatānaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjento majjhimayāmaṃ vītināmeti.

Tato pacchimayāmaṃ cattāro bhāge katvā ekaṃ bhāgaṃ caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, dutiyabhāgaṃ Gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā dakkhiṇena passena sato sampajāno sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti, tatiyabhāgaṃ phalasamāpattiyā vītināmeti, catutthabhāgaṃ mahākaruṇāsamāpattiṃ pavisitvā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ voloketi apparajakkha-mahārajakkhādi-sattadassanatthaṃ. Idaṃ pacchābhattakiccaṃ.

Evam imassa pacchābhattakiccassa lokavolokana-saṅkhāte catutthabhāgāvasāne buddhadhammasaṅghesu dāna-sīla-uposatha-kammādīsu ca akatādhikāre katādhikāre ca anupanissayasampanne upanissayasampanne ca satte passituṃ buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento Kasibhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ arahattassa upanissayasampannaṃ disvā “tattha mayi gate kathā pavattissati, tato kathāvasāne dhammadesanaṃ sutvā esa brāhmaṇo pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇissatī” ti ca ñatvā, tattha gantvā, kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā imaṃ suttam abhāsi.

Tattha “evaṃ me sutan” ti ādi āyasmatā Ānandena paṭhama-mahāsaṅgīti-kāle dhammasaṅgītiṃ karontena āyasmatā Mahākassapattherena puṭṭhena pañcannaṃ arahantasatānaṃ vuttaṃ, “ahaṃ, kho, samaṇa kasāmi ca vapāmi cā” ti Kasibhāradvājena vuttaṃ, “aham pi kho brāhmaṇa kasāmi ca vapāmi cā” ti ādi Bhagavatā vuttaṃ, tad etaṃ sabbam pi samodhānetvā Kasibhāradvājasuttan ti vuccati.

Tattha evan ti ayaṃ ākāra-nidassanāvadhāraṇattho evaṃ-saddo. Ākāratthena hi etena etam atthaṃ dīpeti nānā-naya-nipuṇam anekajjhāsaya-samuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjana-sampannaṃ vividha-pāṭihāriyaṃ dhammattha-desanā-paṭivedha-gambhīraṃ sabbasattehi sakasaka-bhāsānurūpam upalakkhaṇiya-sabhāvaṃ tassa Bhagavato vacanaṃ, taṃ sabbākārena ko samattho viññātuṃ, atha kho “evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayā pi ekenākārena sutan” ti. Nidassanatthena “nāhaṃ sayambhū, na mayā idaṃ sacchikatan” ti attānaṃ parimocento “evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayā evaṃ sutan” ti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalasuttaṃ nidasseti. Avadhāraṇatthena

“Etad aggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yad idaṃ Ānando, gatimantānaṃ satimantānaṃ dhitimantānaṃ upaṭṭhākānaṃ yad idaṃ Ānando” ti (a. ni. 1.219-223)

evaṃ Bhagavatā pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukamyataṃ janeti “evaṃ me sutaṃ tañ ca atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnam anadhikaṃ, evam eva na aññathā daṭṭhabban” ti. Me sutan ti ettha mayā-saddattho me-saddo, sotadvāraviññāṇattho suta-saddo, tasmā evaṃ me sutan ti evaṃ mayā sotaviññāṇa-pubbaṅgamāya viññāṇa-vīthiyā upadhāritan ti vuttaṃ hoti.

Ekaṃ samayan ti ekaṃ kālaṃ. Bhagavā ti bhāgyavā bhaggavā bhattavā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Magadhesu viharatī ti Magadhā nāma janapadino rājakumārā, tesaṃ nivāso eko pi janapado ruḷhīsaddena “Magadhā” ti vuccati, tasmiṃ Magadhesu janapade. Keci pana

“Yasmā Cetiyarājā musāvādaṃ bhaṇitvā bhūmiṃ pavisanto ‘mā gadhaṃ pavisā’ ti vutto, yasmā vā taṃ rājānaṃ maggantā bhūmiṃ khanantā purisā ‘mā gadhaṃ karothā’ ti vuttā, tasmā Magadhā” ti

evam ādīhi nayehi bahudhā papañcenti, yaṃ ruccati taṃ gahetabban ti.

Viharatī ti ekaṃ iriyāpatha-bādhanaṃ aparena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati, pavattetī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Dibba-brahma-ariya-vihārehi vā sattānaṃ vividhaṃ hitaṃ haratī ti viharati. Haratī ti upasaṃharati upaneti janeti uppādetī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi yadā sattā kāmesu vippaṭipajjanti, tadā kira Bhagavā dibbena vihārena viharati tesaṃ alobhakusalamūluppādanatthaṃ “appeva nāma imaṃ paṭipattiṃ disvā ettha ruciṃ uppādetvā kāmesu virajjeyyun” ti. Yadā pana issariyatthaṃ sattesu vippaṭipajjanti, tadā brahmavihārena viharati tesaṃ adosakusalamūluppādanatthaṃ “appeva nāma imaṃ paṭipattiṃ disvā ettha ruciṃ uppādetvā adosena dosaṃ vūpasameyyun” ti. Yadā pana pabbajitā dhammādhikaraṇaṃ vivadanti, tadā ariyavihārena viharati tesaṃ amohakusalamūluppādanatthaṃ “appeva nāma imaṃ paṭipattiṃ disvā ettha ruciṃ uppādetvā amohena mohaṃ vūpasameyyun” ti. Iriyāpathavihārena pana na kadāci na viharati taṃ vinā attabhāva-pariharaṇābhāvato ti. Ayam ettha saṅkhepo, vitthāraṃ pana Maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vakkhāma.

Dakkhiṇāgirismin ti yo so Rājagahaṃ parivāretvā ṭhito giri, tassa dakkhiṇapasse janapado “Dakkhiṇāgirī” ti vuccati, tasmiṃ janapade ti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha vihārassāpi tad eva nāmaṃ. Ekanāḷāyaṃ brāhmaṇagāme ti Ekanāḷā ti tassa gāmassa nāmaṃ, brāhmaṇā c’ettha sambahulā paṭivasanti, brāhmaṇabhogo vā so, tasmā “brāhmaṇagāmo” ti vuccati.

Tena kho pana samayenā ti yaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā aparājitapallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko Magadharaṭṭhe Ekanāḷaṃ brāhmaṇagāmaṃ upanissāya Dakkhiṇāgiri-mahāvihāre brāhmaṇassa indriyaparipākaṃ āgamayamāno viharati, tena samayena karaṇabhūtenā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Kho panā ti idaṃ pan’ettha nipātadvayaṃ padapūraṇamattaṃ, adhikārantara-dassanatthaṃ vā ti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kasibhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassā ti so brāhmaṇo kasiyā jīvati, Bhāradvājo ti c’assa gottaṃ, tasmā evaṃ vuccati. Pañcamattānī ti yathā “bhojane mattaññū” ti ettha mattasaddo pamāṇe vattati, evam idhāpi, tasmā pañcapamāṇāni anūnāni anadhikāni, pañca-naṅgala-satānī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Payuttānī ti payojitāni, balibaddānaṃ khandhesu ṭhapetvā yuge yottehi yojitāni hontī ti attho.

Vappakāle ti vapanakāle, bījanikkhipakāle ti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha dve vappāni kalalavappañ ca paṃsuvappañ ca, paṃsuvappaṃ idha adhippetaṃ, tañ ca kho paṭhamadivase maṅgalavappaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ upakaraṇasampadā tīṇi balibaddasahassāni upaṭṭhāpitāni honti, sabbesaṃ suvaṇṇamayāni siṅgāni paṭimukkāni, rajatamayā khurā, sabbe setamālāhi sabbagandhasugandhehi pañcaṅgulikehi ca alaṅkatā, paripuṇṇaṅgapaccaṅgā sabbalakkhaṇasampannā, ekacce kāḷā añjanavaṇṇā yeva, ekacce setā phalikavaṇṇā, ekacce rattā pavāḷavaṇṇā, ekacce kammāsā masāragallavaṇṇā. Pañcasatā kassakapurisā sabbe ahata-setavattha-nivatthā mālālaṅkatā dakkhiṇa-aṃsakūṭesu ṭhapita-puppha-cumbaṭakā haritāla-manosilā-lañchanujjalita-gattabhāgā dasa dasa naṅgalā ekekagumbā hutvā gacchanti. Naṅgalānaṃ sīsañ ca yugañ ca patodā ca suvaṇṇavinaddhā. Paṭhama-naṅgale aṭṭha balibaddā yuttā, sesesu cattāro cattāro, avasesā kilanta-parivattanatthaṃ ānītā. Ekekagumbe ekamekaṃ bījasakaṭaṃ ekeko kasati, ekeko vapati.

Brāhmaṇo pana pageva massukammaṃ kārāpetvā nhatvā sugandhagandhehi vilitto pañcasatagghanakaṃ vatthaṃ nivāsetvā sahassagghanakaṃ ekaṃsaṃ karitvā ekamekissā aṅguliyā dve dve katvā vīsati aṅgulimuddikāyo, kaṇṇesu sīhakuṇḍalāni, sīse ca brahmaveṭhanaṃ paṭimuñcitvā suvaṇṇamālaṃ kaṇṭhe katvā brāhmaṇagaṇaparivuto kammantaṃ vosāsati. Ath’assa brāhmaṇī anekasatabhājanesu pāyāsaṃ pacāpetvā mahāsakaṭesu āropetvā gandhodakena nhāyitvā sabbālaṅkāravibhūsitā brāhmaṇīgaṇaparivutā kammantaṃ agamāsi. Geham pi’ssa sabbattha gandhehi suvilittaṃ pupphehi sukatabalikammaṃ, khettañ ca tesu tesu ṭhānesu samussitapaṭākaṃ ahosi. Parijana-kammakārehi saha kammantaṃ osaṭaparisā aḍḍhateyyasahassā ahosi, sabbe ahatavatthanivatthā, sabbesañ ca pāyāsabhojanaṃ paṭiyattaṃ ahosi.

Atha brāhmaṇo yattha sāmaṃ bhuñjati, taṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ dhovāpetvā pāyāsassa pūretvā sappi-madhu-phāṇitādīni abhisaṅkharitvā naṅgala-balikammaṃ kārāpesi. Brāhmaṇī pañca kassakasatāni suvaṇṇa-rajata-kaṃsa-tamba-mayāni bhājanāni gahetvā nisinnāni suvaṇṇa-kaṭacchuṃ gahetvā pāyāsena parivisantī gacchati. Brāhmaṇo pana balikammaṃ kārāpetvā rattasuvaṇṇa-bandhūpāhanāyo ārohitvā rattasuvaṇṇa-daṇḍaṃ gahetvā “idha pāyāsaṃ detha, idha sappiṃ, idha sakkharaṃ dethā” ti vosāsamāno vicarati.

Atha Bhagavā Gandhakuṭiyaṃ nisinno va brāhmaṇassa parivesanaṃ vattamānaṃ ñatvā “ayaṃ kālo brāhmaṇaṃ dametun” ti nivāsetvā, kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā, saṅghāṭiṃ pārupitvā, pattaṃ gahetvā, Gandhakuṭito nikkhami yathā taṃ Anuttaro Purisadammasārathi, tenāha āyasmā Ānando “atha kho Bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā” ti.

Tattha atha iti nipāto aññādhikāravacanārambhe kho ti padapūraṇe. Bhagavā ti vuttanayam eva. Pubbaṇhasamayan ti divasassa pubbabhāgasamayaṃ, pubbaṇhasamaye ti attho, pubbaṇhe vā samayaṃ pubbaṇhasamayaṃ, pubbaṇhe ekaṃ khaṇan ti vuttaṃ hoti, evaṃ accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ labbhati. Nivāsetvā ti paridahitvā, vihāra-nivāsana-parivattana-vasen’etaṃ veditabbaṃ. Na hi Bhagavā tato pubbe anivattho āsi. Pattacīvaram ādāyā ti pattaṃ hatthehi, cīvaraṃ kāyena ādiyitvā, sampaṭicchitvā dhāretvā ti attho. Bhagavato kira piṇḍāya pavisitukāmassa bhamaro viya vikasita-paduma-dvayamajjhaṃ, indanīla-maṇi-vaṇṇaṃ selamayaṃ pattaṃ hattha-dvayamajjhaṃ āgacchati. Tasmā evam āgataṃ pattaṃ hatthehi sampaṭicchitvā cīvarañ ca parimaṇḍalaṃ pārutaṃ kāyena dhāretvā ti evam assa attho veditabbo. Yena vā tena vā hi pakārena gaṇhanto ādāya icc eva vuccati yathā “samādāy’eva pakkamatī” ti.

Yenā ti yena maggena. Kammanto ti kammakaraṇokāso. Tenā ti tena maggena. Upasaṅkamī ti gato, yena maggena Kasibhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto gammati, tena maggena gato ti vuttaṃ hoti.

Atha kasmā bhikkhū Bhagavantaṃ nānubandhiṃsū ti? Vuccate yadā Bhagavā ekako va katthaci upasaṅkamitukāmo hoti, bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ dvāraṃ pidahitvā anto-Gandhakuṭiṃ pavisati. Tato bhikkhū tāya saññāya jānanti “ajja Bhagavā ekako va gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo, addhā kañci eva vinetabbapuggalaṃ addasā” ti, te attano pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā, Gandhakuṭiṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā, bhikkhācāraṃ gacchanti. Tadā ca Bhagavā evam akāsi, tasmā bhikkhū Bhagavantaṃ nānubandhiṃsū ti.

Tena kho pana samayenā ti yena samayena Bhagavā kammantaṃ upasaṅkami, tena samayena tassa brāhmaṇassa parivesanā vattati, bhattavissaggo vattatī ti attho. Yaṃ pubbe avocumha “brāhmaṇī pañca kassakasatāni suvaṇṇa-rajata-kaṃsa-tamba-mayāni bhājanāni gahetvā nisinnāni suvaṇṇakaṭacchuṃ gahetvā pāyāsena parivisantī gacchatī” ti.

Atha kho Bhagavā yena parivesanā ten’upasaṅkami. Kiṃ kāraṇā ti? Brāhmaṇassa anuggahakaraṇatthaṃ. Na hi Bhagavā kapaṇapuriso viya bhottukāmatāya parivesanaṃ upasaṅkamati. Bhagavato hi dve-asītisahassa-saṅkhyā Sakya-Koliya-rājāno ñātayo, te attano sampattiyā nibaddhabhattaṃ dātuṃ ussahanti, na pana Bhagavā bhattatthāya pabbajito, api ca kho pana “anekāni asaṅkhyeyyāni pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajanto pāramiyo pūretvā mutto mocessāmi, danto damessāmi, santo samessāmi, parinibbuto parinibbāpessāmī” ti pabbajito, tasmā attano muttattā…pe… parinibbutattā ca paraṃ mocento…pe… parinibbāpento ca loke vicaranto brāhmaṇassa anuggahakaraṇatthaṃ yena parivesanā ten’upasaṅkamī ti veditabbaṃ.

Upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsī ti evaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ca ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantan ti bhāva-napuṃsaka-niddeso, ekokāsaṃ ekapassan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhummatthe vā upayogavacanaṃ, tassa dassanūpacāre kathāsavanaṭṭhāne, yattha ṭhitaṃ brāhmaṇo passati, tattha uccaṭṭhāne aṭṭhāsi. Ṭhatvā ca suvaṇṇarasapiñjaraṃ sahassa-canda-sūriyobhāsātibhāsayamānaṃ sarīrābhaṃ muñci samantato asītihatthaparimāṇaṃ, yāya ajjhottharitattā brāhmaṇassa kammanta-sālā-bhitti-rukkha-kasita-mattikāpiṇḍādayo suvaṇṇamayā viya ahesuṃ.

Atha manussā pāyāsaṃ bhuttā asīti-anubyañjana-parivāra-dvattiṃsa-varalakkhaṇa-paṭimaṇḍita-sarīraṃ byāmappabhā-parikkhepa-vibhūsita-bāhuyugaḷaṃ ketumālā-samujjalita-sassirika-dassanaṃ jaṅgamam iva padumassaraṃ, raṃsijālujjalita-tārāgaṇam iva gaganatalaṃ, ādittam iva ca kanakagirisikharaṃ siriyā jalamānaṃ Sammāsambuddhaṃ ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ disvā hatthapāde dhovitvā añjaliṃ paggayha samparivāretvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Evaṃ tehi samparivāritaṃ addasa kho Kasibhāradvājo brāhmaṇo Bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna Bhagavantaṃ etad avoca “ahaṃ kho, samaṇa, kasāmi ca vapāmi cā” ti.

Kasmā panāyaṃ evam āha? Kiṃ samantapāsādike pasādanīye uttama-damatha-samatham anuppatte pi Bhagavati appasādena, udāhu aḍḍhateyyānaṃ janasahassānaṃ pāyāsaṃ paṭiyādetvā pi kaṭacchubhikkhāya maccherenā ti? Ubhayathā pi no, api ca khvāssa Bhagavato dassanena atittaṃ nikkhittakammantaṃ janaṃ disvā “kammabhaṅgaṃ me kātuṃ āgato” ti anattamanatā ahosi, tasmā evam āha.

Bhagavato ca lakkhaṇasampattiṃ disvā “sacāyaṃ kammante payojayissa, sakalajambudīpe manussānaṃ sīse cūḷāmaṇi viya abhavissa, ko nām’assa attho na sampajjissa, evam evaṃ alasatāya kammante appayojetvā vappamaṅgalādīsu piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjanto kāyadaḷhībahulo vicaratī” ti pi’ssa ahosi, tenāha “ahaṃ kho, samaṇa, kasāmi ca vapāmi ca, kasitvā ca vapitvā ca bhuñjāmī” ti, na me kammantā byāpajjanti, na c’amhi yathā tvaṃ evaṃ lakkhaṇasampanno ti adhippāyo. Tvam pi samaṇa…pe… bhuñjassu, ko te attho na sampajjeyya evaṃ lakkhaṇasampannassā ti adhippāyo.

Api cāyaṃ assosi “Sakyarājakule kira kumāro uppanno, so cakkavattirajjaṃ pahāya pabbajito” ti. Tasmā “idāni ayaṃ so” ti ñatvā “cakkavattirajjaṃ kira pahāya kilanto’sī” ti upārambhaṃ karonto āha “ahaṃ kho samaṇā” ti.

Api cāyaṃ tikkhapañño brāhmaṇo, na Bhagavantaṃ avakkhipanto bhaṇati, Bhagavato pana rūpasampattiṃ disvā paññāsampattiṃ sambhāvayamāno kathāpavattanattham pi evam āha “ahaṃ kho samaṇā” ti.

Tato Bhagavā veneyyavasena sadevake loke agga-kassaka-vappaka-bhāvaṃ attano dassento āha “aham pi kho brāhmaṇā” ti.

Atha brāhmaṇassa cintā udapādi “ayaṃ samaṇo ‘kasāmi ca vapāmi cā’ ti āha, na c’assa oḷārikāni yuga-naṅgalādīni kasibhaṇḍāni passāmi, so musā nu kho bhaṇati no” ti Bhagavantaṃ pādatalā paṭṭhāya yāva upari kesantā sammālokayamāno aṅgavijjāya katādhikārattā dvattiṃsa-varalakkhaṇa-sampattim assa ñatvā “aṭṭhānam etaṃ anavakāso, yaṃ evarūpo musā bhaṇeyyā” ti tāvad eva sañjātabahumāno Bhagavati samaṇavādaṃ pahāya gottena Bhagavantaṃ samudācaramāno āha “na kho pana mayaṃ passāma bhoto Gotamassā” ti.

Evañ ca pana vatvā tikkhapañño brāhmaṇo “gambhīratthaṃ sandhāya iminā etaṃ vuttan” ti ñatvā pucchitvā tam atthaṃ ñātukāmo Bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi. Tenāha āyasmā Ānando “atha kho Kasibhāradvājo brāhmaṇo Bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsī” ti. Tattha gāthāyā ti akkhara-pada-niyamitena vacanena. Ajjhabhāsī ti abhāsi.

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77

Tattha brāhmaṇo “kasin” ti yuga-naṅgalādi-kasisambhāra-samāyogaṃ vadati, Bhagavā pana yasmā pubbadhammasabhāgena ropetvā³ kathanaṃ nāma buddhānaṃ ānubhāvo, tasmā buddhānubhāvaṃ dīpento pubbadhammasabhāgena ropento āha “saddhā bījan” ti. Ko pan’ettha pubbadhammasabhāgo, nanu brāhmaṇena Bhagavā yuga-naṅgalādi-kasisambhāra-samāyogaṃ pucchito atha ca pana apucchitassa bījassa sabhāgena ropento āha “saddhā bījan” ti, evañ ca sati ananusandhikā va ayaṃ kathā hotī ti?

Vuccate na buddhānaṃ ananusandhikā nāma kathā atthi, nāpi buddhā pubbadhammasabhāgaṃ anāropetvā kathenti. Evañ c’ettha anusandhi veditabbā anena hi brāhmaṇena Bhagavā yuga-naṅgalādi-kasisambhāra-vasena kasiṃ pucchito, so tassa anukampāya “idaṃ apucchitan” ti aparihāpetvā samūlaṃ saupakāraṃ sasambhāraṃ saphalaṃ kasiṃ ñāpetuṃ mūlato paṭṭhāya kasiṃ dassento āha “saddhā bījan” ti. Bījañ hi kasiyā mūlaṃ tasmiṃ sati kattabbato, asati akattabbato, tappamāṇena ca kattabbato. Bīje hi sati kasiṃ karonti, asati na karonti, bījappamāṇena ca kusalā kassakā khettaṃ kasanti, na ūnaṃ “mā no sassaṃ parihāyī” ti, na adhikaṃ “mā no mogho vāyāmo ahosī” ti. Yasmā ca bījam eva mūlaṃ, tasmā Bhagavā mūlato paṭṭhāya kasiṃ dassento tassa brāhmaṇassa kasiyā pubbadhammassa bījassa sabhāgena attano kasiyā pubbadhammaṃ ropento āha “saddhā bījan” ti. Evam ettha pubbadhammasabhāgo veditabbo.

Pucchitaṃ yeva vatvā apucchitaṃ pacchā kiṃ na vuttan ti ce? Tassa upakāra-bhāvato dhamma-sambandha-samattha-bhāvato ca. Ayañ hi brāhmaṇo paññavā, micchādiṭṭhikule pana jātattā saddhāvirahito. Saddhāvirahito ca paññavā paresaṃ saddhāya attano visaye⁴ apaṭipajjamāno visesaṃ nādhigacchati. Kilesa-kālussiya-bhāvāpagama-ppasāda-matta-lakkhaṇā pi c’assa dubbalā saddhā balavatiyā paññāya saha vattamānā atthasiddhiṃ na karoti, hatthinā saha ekadhure yuttagoṇo viya, tasmā tassa saddhā upakārikā. Evaṃ tassa brāhmaṇassa saupakārabhāvato taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ saddhāya patiṭṭhāpentena pacchā pi vattabbo ayam attho pubbe vutto desanākusalatāya, yathā aññatrāpi “saddhā bandhati pātheyyan” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.79) ca, “saddhā dutiyā purisassa hotī” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.59) ca, “saddhīdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhan” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.73, 246; su. ni. 184) ca, “saddhāya tarati oghan” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.246) ca, “saddhāhattho mahānāgo” ti (a. ni. 6.43; theragā. 694) ca, “saddhesiko kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ti” (a. ni. 7.67) cā ti. Bījassa ca upakārikā vuṭṭhi, sā tadanantarañ ñeva vuccamānā samatthā hoti. Evaṃ dhamma-sambandha-samattha-bhāvato pacchā pi vattabbo ayam attho pubbe vutto, añño ca evaṃvidho īsāyottādi.

Tattha sampasādana-lakkhaṇā saddhā, okappana-lakkhaṇā vā, pakkhandana-rasā, adhimutti-paccupaṭṭhānā, akālussiya-paccupaṭṭhānā vā, sotāpattiyaṅga-padaṭṭhānā, saddahitabbadhamma-padaṭṭhānā vā, ādāsa-jalatalādīnaṃ pasādo viya cetaso pasādabhūtā, udakappasādakamaṇi viya udakassa, sampayuttadhammānaṃ pasādikā. Bījan ti pañcavidhaṃ mūlabījaṃ khandhabījaṃ phalubījaṃ aggabījaṃ, bījabījam eva pañcaman ti, taṃ sabbam pi viruhanaṭṭhena bījaṃ tv eva saṅkhaṃ gacchati, yathāha “bījañ c’etaṃ viruhanaṭṭhenā” ti.

Tattha yathā brāhmaṇassa kasiyā mūlabhūtaṃ bījaṃ dve kiccāni karoti, heṭṭhā mūlena patiṭṭhāti, upari aṅkuraṃ uṭṭhāpeti, evaṃ Bhagavato kasiyā mūlabhūtā saddhā heṭṭhā sīlamūlena patiṭṭhāti, upari samathavipassanaṅkuraṃ uṭṭhāpeti. Yathā ca taṃ mūlena pathavirasaṃ āporasaṃ gahetvā nāḷena dhaññaparipākagahaṇatthaṃ vaḍḍhati, evam ayaṃ sīlamūlena samathavipassanārasaṃ gahetvā ariyamagganāḷena ariyaphala-dhaññaparipākagahaṇatthaṃ vaḍḍhati. Yathā ca taṃ subhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā mūlaṅkura-paṇṇa-nāḷa-kaṇḍappasavehi vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ patvā, khīraṃ janetvā, anekasāliphala-bharitaṃ sālisīsaṃ nipphādeti, evam ayaṃ cittasantāne patiṭṭhahitvā sīla-citta-diṭṭhi-kaṅkhāvitaraṇa-maggāmaggañāṇadassana-paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhīhi vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ patvā ñāṇadassanavisuddhikhīraṃ janetvā aneka-paṭisambhidābhiññā-bharitaṃ arahattaphalaṃ nipphādeti. Tenāha Bhagavā “saddhā bījan” ti.

Tattha siyā “paropaññāsakusaladhammesu ekato uppajjamānesu kasmā saddhā va bījan ti vuttā” ti? Vuccate bījakiccakaraṇato. Yathā hi tesu viññāṇaṃ yeva vijānanakiccaṃ karoti, evaṃ saddhā bījakiccaṃ, sā ca sabbakusalānaṃ mūlabhūtā. Yathāha

“Saddhājāto upasaṅkamati, upasaṅkamanto payirupāsati, payirupāsanto sotaṃ odahati, ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti, sutvā dhammaṃ dhāreti, dhatānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthaṃ upaparikkhati, atthaṃ upaparikkhato dhammā nijjhānaṃ khamanti, dhammanijjhānakkhantiyā sati chando jāyati, chandajāto ussahati, ussāhetvā tulayati, tulayitvā padahati, pahitatto samāno kāyena c’eva paramasaccaṃ sacchikaroti, paññāya ca naṃ ativijjha passatī” ti. (ma. ni. 2.183, 432)

Tapati akusale dhamme kāyañ cā ti tapo, indriyasaṃvara-vīriya-dhutaṅga-dukkarakārikānaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ, idha pana indriyasaṃvaro adhippeto. Vuṭṭhī ti vassavuṭṭhi-vātavuṭṭhī ti ādinā anekavidhā, idha vassavuṭṭhi adhippetā. Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa vassavuṭṭhi-samanuggahitaṃ bījaṃ bījamūlakañ ca sassaṃ viruhati na milāyati nipphattiṃ gacchati, evaṃ Bhagavato indriyasaṃvara-samanuggahitā saddhā saddhāmūlā ca sīlādayo dhammā viruhanti na milāyanti nipphattiṃ gacchanti, tenāha “tapo vuṭṭhī” ti.

“Paññā me” ti ettha ca vutto me-saddo imesu pi padesu yojetabbo “saddhā me bījaṃ, tapo me vuṭṭhī” ti. Tena kiṃ dīpeti? Yathā, brāhmaṇa, tayā vapite bīje sace vuṭṭhi atthi, sādhu, no ce atthi, udakam pi dātabbaṃ hoti, tathā mayā hiri-īse paññā-yuganaṅgale manoyottena ekābaddhe kate vīriya-balibadde yojetvā sati-pācanena vijjhitvā attano cittasantāna-khette saddhā-bīje vapite vuṭṭhi-abhāvo nāma natthi, ayaṃ pana me satataṃ samitaṃ tapo vuṭṭhī ti.

Pajānāti etāya puggalo, sayaṃ vā pajānātī ti paññā, sā kāmāvacarādibhedato anekavidhā, idha pana saha vipassanāya maggapaññā adhippetā. Yuganaṅgalan ti yugañ ca naṅgalañ ca. Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa yuganaṅgalaṃ, evaṃ Bhagavato duvidhā pi paññā. Tattha yathā yugaṃ īsāya upanissayaṃ hoti, purato hoti, īsābaddhaṃ hoti, yottānaṃ nissayaṃ hoti, balibaddānaṃ ekato gamanaṃ dhāreti, evaṃ paññā hiripamukhānaṃ dhammānaṃ upanissayā hoti. Yathāha

“Paññuttarā sabbe kusalā dhammā” ti (a. ni. 8.83)

ca

“Paññā hi seṭṭhā kusalā vadanti, nakkhattarājār iva tārakānan” ti (jā. 2.17.81)

ca kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena purato ca hoti. Yathāha

“Sīlaṃ hirī cāpi satañ ca dhammo, anvāyikā paññavato bhavantī” ti.

Hirivippayogena anuppattito īsābaddhā hoti, manosaṅkhātassa samādhiyottassa nissayapaccayato yottānaṃ nissayo hoti, accāraddhātilīna-bhāva-paṭisedhanato vīriyabalibaddānaṃ ekato gamanaṃ dhāreti. Yathā ca naṅgalaṃ phālayuttaṃ kasanakāle pathavighanaṃ bhindati, mūlasantānakāni padāleti, evaṃ satiyuttā paññā vipassanākāle dhammānaṃ santati-samūha-kiccārammaṇa-ghanaṃ bhindati, sabbakilesamūla-santānakāni padāleti. Sā ca kho lokuttarā va, itarā pana lokiyā pi siyā. Tenāha “paññā me yuganaṅgalan” ti.

Hirīyati etāya puggalo, sayaṃ vā hirīyati akusalappavattiṃ jigucchatī ti hirī. Taggahaṇena sahacaraṇabhāvato ottappaṃ gahitaṃ yeva hoti. Īsā ti yuganaṅgala-sandhārikā dāruyaṭṭhi. Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa īsā yuganaṅgalaṃ sandhāreti, evaṃ Bhagavato pi hirī lokiya-lokuttara-paññā-saṅkhātaṃ yuganaṅgalaṃ sandhāreti, hiriyā asati paññāya abhāvato. Yathā ca īsāpaṭibaddhaṃ yuganaṅgalaṃ kiccakaraṃ hoti acalaṃ asithilaṃ, evaṃ hiripaṭibaddhā ca paññā kiccakārī hoti acalā asithilā abbokiṇṇā ahirikena. Tenāha “hirī īsā” ti.

Munātī ti mano, cittass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ, idha pana manosīsena taṃsampayutto samādhi adhippeto. Yottan ti rajjubandhanaṃ. Taṃ tividhaṃ: īsāya saha yugassa bandhanaṃ, yugena saha balibaddānaṃ bandhanaṃ, sārathinā saha balibaddānaṃ bandhanan ti. Tattha yathā brāhmaṇassa yottaṃ īsā-yuga-balibadde ekābaddhe katvā sakakicce paṭipādeti, evaṃ Bhagavato samādhi sabbe va te hiri-paññā-vīriyadhamme ekārammaṇe avikkhepabhāvena bandhitvā sakakicce paṭipādeti. Tenāha “mano yottan” ti.

Sarati etāya cirakatādim atthaṃ puggalo, sayaṃ vā saratī ti sati, sā asammussana-lakkhaṇā. Phāletī ti phālo, pājeti etenā ti pājanaṃ. Taṃ idha “pācanan” ti vuccati, patodass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Phālo ca pācanañ ca phālapācanaṃ. Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa phālapācanaṃ, evaṃ Bhagavato vipassanāyuttā maggayuttā ca sati. Tattha yathā phālo naṅgalam anurakkhati, purato c’assa gacchati, evaṃ sati kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanvesamānā ārammaṇe vā upaṭṭhāpayamānā paññānaṅgalaṃ rakkhati, tathā hi

“Satārakkhena cetasā viharatī” ti (a. ni. 10.20)

ādīsu “ārakkhā” ti vuttā, asammussanavasena c’assa purato hoti. Satiparicite hi dhamme paññā pajānāti, no sammuṭṭhe. Yathā ca pācanaṃ balibaddānaṃ vijjhanabhayaṃ dassentaṃ saṃsīdanaṃ na deti, uppathagamanañ ca vāreti, evaṃ sati vīriya-balibaddānaṃ apāyabhayaṃ dassentī kosajja-saṃsīdanaṃ na deti, kāmaguṇasaṅkhāte agocare cāraṃ nivāretvā kammaṭṭhāne niyojentī uppathagamanañ ca vāreti. Tenāha “sati me phālapācanan” ti.

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Kāyagutto ti tividhena kāyasucaritena gutto, vacīgutto ti catubbidhena vacīsucaritena gutto, ettāvatā pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ vuttaṃ. Āhāre udare yato ti ettha āhāramukhena sabbapaccayānaṃ saṅgahitattā catubbidhe pi paccaye yato saṃyato nirupakkileso ti attho, iminā ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ vuttaṃ. Udare yato ti udare yato saṃyato mitabhojī, āhāre mattaññū ti vuttaṃ hoti, iminā bhojane mattaññutāmukhena paccayapaṭisevanasīlaṃ vuttaṃ.

Tena kiṃ dīpeti? Yathā tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bījaṃ vapitvā sassaparipālanatthaṃ kaṇṭakavatiṃ vā rukkhavatiṃ vā pākāraparikkhepaṃ vā karosi, tena te go-mahiṃsa-migagaṇā pavesaṃ alabhantā sassaṃ na vilumpanti, evam aham pi saddhābījaṃ vapitvā nānappakāra-kusala-sassaparipālanatthaṃ kāya-vacī-āhāra-guttimayaṃ tividha-parikkhepaṃ karomi, tena me rāgādi-akusaladhamma-go-mahiṃsa-migagaṇā pavesaṃ alabhantā nānappakārakusalasassaṃ na vilumpantī ti.

Saccaṃ karomi niddānan ti ettha dvīhi dvārehi avisaṃvādanaṃ saccaṃ. Niddānan ti chedanaṃ lunanaṃ uppāṭanaṃ, karaṇatthe c’etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ, ayañ hi ettha attho “saccena karomi niddānan” ti. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yathā tvaṃ bāhiraṃ kasiṃ kasitvā sassadūsakānaṃ tiṇānaṃ hatthena vā asitena vā niddānaṃ karosi, evam aham pi ajjhattikaṃ kasiṃ kasitvā kusala-sassadūsakānaṃ visaṃvādana-tiṇānaṃ saccena niddānaṃ karomi. Ñāṇasaccaṃ vā ettha saccan ti veditabbaṃ, yaṃ taṃ yathābhūtañāṇan ti vuccati, tena attasaññādīnaṃ tiṇānaṃ niddānaṃ karomī ti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ.

Atha vā niddānan ti chedakaṃ lāvakaṃ uppāṭakan ti attho. Evaṃ sante yathā tvaṃ dāsaṃ vā kammakaraṃ vā niddānaṃ karosi, “niddehi tiṇānī” ti tiṇānaṃ chedakaṃ lāvakaṃ uppāṭakaṃ karosi, evam ahaṃ saccaṃ karomī ti upayogavacanen’eva vattuṃ yujjati. Atha vā saccan ti diṭṭhisaccaṃ. Tam ahaṃ niddānaṃ karomi, chinditabbaṃ lunitabbaṃ uppāṭetabbaṃ karomī ti evam pi upayogavacanen’eva vattuṃ yujjati.

Soraccaṃ me pamocanan ti ettha yaṃ taṃ “kāyiko avītikkamo, vācasiko avītikkamo” ti evaṃ sīlam eva “soraccan” ti vuttaṃ, na taṃ idha adhippetaṃ, vuttam eva etaṃ “kāyagutto” ti ādinā nayena, arahattaphalaṃ pana adhippetaṃ. Tam pi hi sundare nibbāne ratabhāvato “soraccan” ti vuccati. Pamocanan ti yoggavissajjanaṃ.

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yathā tava pamocanaṃ puna pi sāyanhe vā dutiyadivase vā anāgata-saṃvacchare vā yojetabbato appamocanam eva hoti, na mama evaṃ, na hi mama antarā mocanaṃ nāma atthi. Ahañ hi Dīpaṅkaradasabalakālato pabhuti paññānaṅgale vīriyabalibadde yojetvā cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañ ca mahākasiṃ kasanto tāva na muñciṃ, yāva na sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhi. Yadā ca me sabbaṃ taṃ kālaṃ khepetvā bodhirukkhamūle aparājitapallaṅke nisinnassa sabbaguṇaparivāraṃ arahattaphalaṃ udapādi, tadā mayā taṃ sabbussukka-paṭippassaddhi-ppattiyā pamuttaṃ, na dāni puna yojetabbaṃ bhavissatī ti. Etam atthaṃ sandhāyāha Bhagavā “soraccaṃ me pamocanan” ti.

79

Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhan ti ettha vīriyan ti “kāyiko vā, cetasiko vā vīriyārambho” ti ādinā nayena vuttapadhānaṃ. Dhurāyaṃ dhorayhaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ, dhuraṃ vahatī ti attho. Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa dhurāyaṃ dhorayhākaḍḍhitaṃ naṅgalaṃ bhūmighanaṃ bhindati, mūlasantānakāni ca padāleti, evaṃ Bhagavato vīriyākaḍḍhitaṃ paññānaṅgalaṃ yathāvuttaṃ ghanaṃ bhindati, kilesasantānakāni ca padāleti, tenāha “vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhan” ti.

Atha vā purimadhuraṃ vahantā dhurā, mūladhuraṃ vahantā dhorayhā, dhurā ca dhorayhā ca dhuradhorayhā. Tattha yathā brāhmaṇassa ekamekasmiṃ naṅgale catubalibadda-ppabhedaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ vahantaṃ uppannānuppanna-tiṇamūlaghātaṃ sassasampattiñ ca sādheti, evaṃ Bhagavato catusammappadhāna-vīriya-ppabhedaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ vahantaṃ uppannānuppannākusalamūlaghātaṃ kusalasampattiñ ca sādheti, tenāha “vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhan” ti.

Yogakkhemādhivāhanan ti ettha yogehi khemattā “yogakkheman” ti nibbānaṃ vuccati, taṃ adhikatvā vāhīyati, abhimukhaṃ vā vāhīyatī ti adhivāhanaṃ. Yogakkhemassa adhivāhanaṃ yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ. Tena kiṃ dīpeti? Yathā tava dhuradhorayhaṃ puratthimaṃ disaṃ pacchimādīsu vā aññataraṃ abhimukhaṃ vāhīyati, tathā mama dhuradhorayhaṃ nibbānābhimukhaṃ vāhīyati.

Evaṃ vāhiyamānañ ca gacchati anivattantaṃ. Yathā tava naṅgalaṃ vahantaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ khettakoṭiṃ patvā puna nivattati, evaṃ anivattantaṃ Dīpaṅkarakālato pabhuti gacchat’eva. Yasmā vā tena tena maggena pahīnā kilesā punappunaṃ pahātabbā na honti, yathā tava naṅgalena chinnāni tiṇāni puna pi aparasmiṃ samaye chinditabbāni honti, tasmā pi etaṃ paṭhamamaggavasena diṭṭhekaṭṭhe kilese, dutiyavasena oḷārike, tatiyavasena anusahagate kilese, catutthavasena sabbakilese pajahantaṃ, gacchati anivattantaṃ. Atha vā gacchati anivattan ti nivattana-rahitaṃ hutvā gacchatī ti attho, tan ti taṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ, evam p’ettha padacchedo veditabbo.

Evaṃ gacchantañ ca yathā tava dhuradhorayhaṃ na taṃ ṭhānaṃ gacchati, yattha gantvā kassako asoko nissoko virajo hutvā na socati, etaṃ pana taṃ ṭhānaṃ gacchati, yattha gantvā na socati. Yattha satipācanena etaṃ vīriyadhuradhorayhaṃ codento gantvā mādiso kassako asoko nissoko virajo hutvā na socati, taṃ sabba-soka-salla-samugghāta-bhūtaṃ nibbānāmata-saṅkhātaṃ ṭhānaṃ gacchatī ti.

80

Idāni nigamanaṃ karonto Bhagavā imaṃ gātham āha:

“Evam esā kasī kaṭṭhā, sā hoti amatapphalā;
etaṃ kasiṃ kasitvāna, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī” ti.

Tassāyaṃ saṅkhepattho mayā brāhmaṇa esā saddhābījā tapovuṭṭhiyā anuggahitā kasi, paññāmayaṃ yuganaṅgalaṃ hirimayañ ca īsaṃ manomayena yottena ekābaddhaṃ katvā, paññānaṅgale satiphālaṃ ākoṭetvā, satipācanaṃ gahetvā, kāya-vacī-āhāra-guttiyā gopetvā, saccaṃ niddānaṃ katvā, soraccaṃ pamocanaṃ vīriyaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ yogakkhemābhimukhaṃ anivattantaṃ vāhentena kaṭṭhā, kasikammapariyosānaṃ catubbidhaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ pāpitā.

Sā hoti amatapphalā, sā esā kasi amatapphalā hoti. Amataṃ vuccati nibbānaṃ, nibbānānisaṃsā hotī ti attho. Sā kho pan’esā kasi na mam’ev’ekassa amatapphalā hoti, api ca kho pana yo koci khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo vā gahaṭṭho vā pabbajito vā etaṃ kasiṃ kasati, so sabbo pi etaṃ kasiṃ kasitvāna, sabbadukkhā pamuccati, sabbasmā vaṭṭadukkha-dukkhadukkha-saṅkhāradukkha-vipariṇāmadukkhā pamuccatī ti. Evaṃ Bhagavā brāhmaṇassa arahattanikūṭena nibbānapariyosānaṃ katvā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.

Tato brāhmaṇo gambhīratthaṃ desanaṃ sutvā “mama kasiphalaṃ bhuñjitvā aparajju eva chāto hoti, imassa pana kasi amatapphalā, tassā phalaṃ bhuñjitvā sabbadukkhā pamuccatī” ti ca viditvā pasanno pasannākāraṃ kātuṃ pāyāsaṃ dātum āraddho, tenāha “atha kho Kasibhāradvājo” ti.

Tattha mahatiyā ti mahatiyan ti attho. Kaṃsapātiyā ti suvaṇṇapātiyaṃ, satasahassagghanake attano suvaṇṇathāle. Vaḍḍhetvā ti chupitvā ākiritvā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhagavato upanāmesī ti sappi-madhu-phāṇitādīhi vicitraṃ katvā, dukūlavitānena paṭicchādetvā, ukkhipitvā, sakkaccaṃ Tathāgatassa abhihari. Kin ti? “Bhuñjatu bhavaṃ Gotamo pāyāsaṃ, kassako bhavan” ti. Tato kassakabhāva-sādhakaṃ kāraṇam āha “yañ hi…pe… kasatī” ti, yasmā bhavaṃ…pe… kasatī ti vuttaṃ hoti.

81

Atha Bhagavā “gāthābhigītaṃ me” ti āha. Tattha gāthābhigītan ti gāthāhi abhigītaṃ, gāthāyo bhāsitvā laddhan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Me ti mayā. Abhojaneyyan ti bhuñjanārahaṃ na hoti. Sampassatan ti sammā ājīvasuddhiṃ passataṃ, samantā vā passataṃ sampassataṃ, buddhānan ti vuttaṃ hoti. N’esa dhammo ti “gāthābhigītaṃ bhuñjitabban” ti esa dhammo etaṃ cārittaṃ na hoti, tasmā gāthābhigītaṃ panudanti buddhā paṭikkhipanti na bhuñjantī ti.

Kiṃ pana Bhagavatā pāyāsatthaṃ gāthā abhigītā, yena evam āhā ti? Na etad atthaṃ abhigītā, api ca kho pana pāto paṭṭhāya khettasamīpe ṭhatvā kaṭacchu-bhikkham pi alabhitvā puna sakalabuddhaguṇe pakāsetvā laddhaṃ tad etaṃ naṭa-naccakādīhi naccitvā gāyitvā ca laddhasadisaṃ hoti, tena “gāthābhigītan” ti vuttaṃ, tādisañ ca yasmā buddhānaṃ na kappati, tasmā “abhojaneyyan” ti vuttaṃ. Appicchatānurūpañ c’etaṃ na hoti, tasmā pi pacchimaṃ janataṃ anukampamānena ca evaṃ vuttaṃ. Yatra ca nāma parappakāsitenāpi attano guṇena uppannaṃ lābhaṃ paṭikkhipanti seyyathāpi appiccho Ghaṭikāro kumbhakāro, tatra kathaṃ koṭippattāya appicchatāya samannāgato Bhagavā attanā va attano guṇappakāsanena uppannaṃ lābhaṃ sādiyissati, yato yuttam eva etaṃ Bhagavato vattun ti.

Ettāvatā “appasannaṃ adātukāmaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ gāthāgāyanena dātukāmaṃ katvā, samaṇo Gotamo bhojanaṃ paṭiggahesi, āmisakāraṇā imassa desanā” ti imamhā lokāpavādā attānaṃ mocento desanāpārisuddhiṃ dīpetvā, idāni ājīvapārisuddhiṃ dīpento āha “dhamme satī brāhmaṇa vuttir esā” ti. Tass’attho ājīvapārisuddhidhamme vā dasavidha-sucarita-dhamme vā buddhānaṃ cārittadhamme vā sati saṃvijjamāne anupahate vattamāne vuttir esā ekantavodātā ākāse pāṇi-ppasāraṇa-kappā esanā pariyesanā jīvitavutti buddhānaṃ brāhmaṇā ti.

82

Evaṃ vutte brāhmaṇo “pāyāsaṃ me paṭikkhipati, akappiyaṃ kir’etaṃ bhojanaṃ, adhañño vat’asmiṃ, dānaṃ dātuṃ na labhāmī” ti domanassaṃ uppādetvā “appeva nāma aññaṃ paṭiggaṇheyyā” ti ca cintesi. Taṃ ñatvā Bhagavā “ahaṃ bhikkhācāravelaṃ paricchinditvā āgato ‘ettakena kālena imaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ pasādessāmī’ ti, brāhmaṇo ca domanassaṃ akāsi, idāni tena domanassena mayi cittaṃ pakopetvā amatavaradhammaṃ paṭivijjhituṃ na sakkhissatī” ti brāhmaṇassa pasādajananatthaṃ tena patthitamanorathaṃ pūrento āha “aññena ca kevalinan” ti.

Tattha kevalinan ti sabbaguṇaparipuṇṇaṃ, sabbayogavisaṃyuttaṃ vā ti attho. Mahantānaṃ sīlakkhandhādīnaṃ guṇānaṃ esanato mahesiṃ. Parikkhīṇasabbāsavattā khīṇāsavaṃ. Hatthapāda-kukkuccam ādiṃ katvā vūpasanta-sabba-kukkuccattā kukkuccavūpasantaṃ. Upaṭṭhahassū ti parivisassu paṭimānayassu. Evaṃ brāhmaṇena citte uppādite pi pariyāyam eva bhaṇati, na tu bhaṇati “dehi, āharāhī” ti. Sesam ettha uttānam eva.

Atha brāhmaṇo “ayaṃ pāyāso Bhagavato ānīto nāhaṃ arahāmi taṃ attano chandena kassaci dātun” ti cintetvā āha “atha kassa cāhan” ti. Tato Bhagavā “taṃ pāyāsaṃ ṭhapetvā Tathāgataṃ Tathāgatasāvakañ ca aññassa ajīraṇadhammo” ti ñatvā āha “na khvāhaṃ tan” ti.

Tattha sadevakavacanena pañca-kāmāvacara-deva-ggahaṇaṃ, samārakavacanena chaṭṭha-kāmāvacara-deva-ggahaṇaṃ, sabrahmakavacanena rūpāvacara-brahma-ggahaṇaṃ arūpāvacarā pana bhuñjeyyun ti asambhāvaneyyā, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇi-vacanena sāsana-paccatthika-paccāmitta-samaṇabrāhmaṇa-ggahaṇaṃ samitapāpa-bāhitapāpa-samaṇabrāhmaṇa-ggahaṇañ ca, pajāvacanena sattaloka-ggahaṇaṃ, sadevamanussa vacanena sammuti-deva-avasesa-manussa-ggahaṇaṃ. Evam ettha tīhi vacanehi okāsaloko, dvīhi pajāvasena sattaloko gahito ti veditabbo. Esa saṅkhepo, vitthāraṃ pana Āḷavakasutte vaṇṇayissāma.

Kasmā pana sadevakādīsu kassaci na sammā pariṇāmaṃ gaccheyyā ti? Oḷārike sukhumojā-pakkhipanato. Imasmiñ hi pāyāse Bhagavantaṃ uddissa gahitamatte yeva devatāhi ojā pakkhittā yathā Sujātāya pāyāse, Cundassa ca sūkaramaddave paccamāne, Verañjāyañ ca Bhagavatā gahitagahitālope, Bhesajjakkhandhake ca Kaccānassa guḷhakumbhasmiṃ avasiṭṭhaguḷhe. So oḷārike sukhumojā-pakkhipanato devānaṃ na pariṇamati, devā hi sukhumasarīrā, tesaṃ oḷāriko manussāhāro na sammā pariṇamati, manussānam pi na pariṇamati, manussā hi oḷārikasarīrā, tesaṃ sukhumā dibbojā na sammā pariṇamati. Tathāgatassa pana pakatiagginā va pariṇamati, sammā jīrati, “kāyabala-ñāṇabala-ppabhāvenā” ti eke. Tathāgatasāvakassa khīṇāsavass’etaṃ samādhibalena mattaññutāya ca pariṇamati, itaresaṃ iddhimantānam pi na pariṇamati. Acintanīyaṃ vā ettha kāraṇaṃ, buddhavisayo eso ti.

Tena hi tvan ti yasmā aññaṃ na passāmi, mama na kappati, mama akappantaṃ sāvakassāpi me na kappati, tasmā “tvaṃ brāhmaṇā” ti vuttaṃ hoti. Appaharite ti parittaharitatiṇe, apparuḷharitatiṇe vā pāsāṇapiṭṭhisadise. Appāṇake ti nippāṇake, pāyāsajjhottharaṇa-kāraṇena maritabba-pāṇa-rahite vā mahā-udaka-kkhandhe. Saha tiṇa-nissitehi pāṇehi tiṇānaṃ pāṇakānañ ca anurakkhaṇatthāya etaṃ vuttaṃ.

Cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyatī ti evaṃ saddaṃ karoti. Saṃdhūpāyatī ti samantā dhūpāyati. Sampadhūpāyatī ti tath’eva adhimattaṃ dhūpāyati. Kasmā evaṃ ahosī ti? Bhagavato ānubhāvena, na udakassa na pāyāsassa na brāhmaṇassa na aññesaṃ devayakkhādīnaṃ. Bhagavā hi brāhmaṇassa dhammasaṃvegatthaṃ tathā adhiṭṭhāsi. Seyyathāpi nāmā ti opammanidassanamattam etaṃ, yathā phālo ti ettakam eva vuttaṃ hoti.

Saṃviggo cittena, lomahaṭṭhajāto sarīrena. Sarīre kir’assa navanavuti-lomakūpa-sahassāni suvaṇṇabhittiyā āhatamaṇi-nāgadantā viya uddhaggā ahesuṃ. Sesaṃ pākaṭam eva.

Pādesu pana nipatitvā Bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ abbhanumodamāno Bhagavantaṃ etad avoca “abhikkantaṃ, bho Gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho Gotamā” ti. Abbhanumodane hi ayam idha abhikkanta saddo, vitthārato pan’assa Maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanā āvibhavissati. Yasmā ca abbhanumodanatthe, tasmā sādhu sādhu bho Gotamā ti vuttaṃ hotī ti veditabbaṃ.

“Bhaye kodhe pasaṃsāyaṃ, turite kotūhalacchare,
hāse soke pasāde ca, kare āmeḍitaṃ budho” ti.

Iminā ca lakkhaṇena idha pasādavasena pasaṃsāvasena cāyaṃ dvikkhattuṃ vutto ti veditabbo. Atha vā abhikkantan ti abhikantaṃ⁵ ati-iṭṭhaṃ, atimanāpaṃ, atisundaran ti vuttaṃ hoti.

Tattha ekena abhikkantasaddena desanaṃ thometi, ekena attano pasādaṃ. Ayañ hi ettha adhippāyo abhikkantaṃ, bho Gotama, yad idaṃ bhoto Gotamassa dhammadesanā, abhikkantaṃ yad idaṃ bhoto Gotamassa dhammadesanaṃ āgamma mama pasādo ti. Bhagavato eva vā vacanaṃ dve dve atthe sandhāya thometi bhoto Gotamassa vacanaṃ abhikkantaṃ dosanāsanato, abhikkantaṃ guṇādhigamanato, tathā saddhājananato paññājananato, sātthato sabyañjanato, uttānapadato gambhīratthato, kaṇṇasukhato hadayaṅgamato, anattukkaṃsanato aparavambhanato, karuṇāsītalato paññāvadātato, āpātharamaṇīyato vimaddakkhamato, suyyamānasukhato vīmaṃsiyamānahitato ti evam ādīhi yojetabbaṃ.

Tato param pi catūhi upamāhi desanaṃ yeva thometi. Tattha nikkujjitan ti adhomukhaṭṭhapitaṃ, heṭṭhā mukhajātaṃ vā. Ukkujjeyyā ti uparimukhaṃ kareyya. Paṭicchannan ti tiṇapaṇṇādicchāditaṃ. Vivareyyā ti ugghāṭeyya. Mūḷhassā ti disāmūḷhassa. Maggaṃ ācikkheyyā ti hatthe gahetvā “esa maggo” ti vadeyya. Andhakāre ti kāḷapakkhacātuddasī-aḍḍharatta-ghanavanasaṇḍa-meghapaṭalehi caturaṅge tamasi. Ayaṃ tāva padattho.

Ayaṃ pana adhippāya-yojanā yathā koci nikkujjitaṃ ukkujjeyya, evaṃ saddhammavimukhaṃ asaddhammapatitaṃ maṃ asaddhammā vuṭṭhāpentena, yathā paṭicchannaṃ vivareyya, evaṃ Kassapassa Bhagavato sāsanantaradhānā pabhuti micchādiṭṭhi-gahana-paṭicchannaṃ sāsanaṃ vivarantena, yathā mūḷhassa maggaṃ ācikkheyya, evaṃ kummagga-micchāmagga-paṭipannassa me sagga-mokkha-maggaṃ ācikkhantena, yathā andhakāre telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, evaṃ mohandhakāra-nimuggassa me buddhādi-ratana-rūpāni apassato tappaṭicchādaka-mohandhakāra-viddhaṃsaka-desanāpajjota-dhāraṇena mayhaṃ bhotā Gotamena etehi pariyāyehi desitattā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.

Atha vā ekacciyena mattena yasmā ayaṃ dhammo dukkhadassanena asubhe “subhan” ti vipallāsappahānena ca nikkujjitukkujjitasadiso, samudayadassanena dukkhe “sukhan” ti vipallāsappahānena ca paṭicchannavivaraṇasadiso, nirodhadassanena anicce “niccan” ti vipallāsappahānena ca mūḷhassa maggācikkhaṇasadiso, maggadassanena anattani “attā” ti vipallāsappahānena ca andhakāre pajjotasadiso, tasmā seyyathāpi nāma nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya…pe… pajjotaṃ dhāreyya “cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī” ti, evaṃ pakāsito hoti.

Yasmā pan’ettha saddhā-tapa-kāyaguttatādīhi sīlakkhandho pakāsito hoti, paññāya paññākkhandho, hiri-manādīhi samādhikkhandho, yogakkhemena nirodho ti evaṃ tikkhandho ariyamaggo nirodho cā ti sarūpen’eva dve ariyasaccāni pakāsitāni, tattha maggo paṭipakkho samudayassa, nirodho dukkhassā ti paṭipakkhena dve, iti iminā pariyāyena cattāri saccāni pakāsitāni, tasmā anekapariyāyena pakāsito hotī ti veditabbo.

Esāhan ti ādīsu eso ahan ti esāhaṃ. Saraṇaṃ gacchāmī ti pādesu nipatitvā paṇipātena saraṇagamanena gato pi idāni vācāya samādiyanto āha. Atha vā paṇipātena Buddhaṃ yeva saraṇaṃ gato ti idāni taṃ ādiṃ katvā sese dhammasaṅghe pi gantuṃ āha. Ajjatagge ti ajjataṃ ādiṃ katvā, ajjadagge ti vā pāṭho, da-kāro padasandhikaro, ajja aggaṃ katvā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Pāṇehi upetaṃ pāṇupetaṃ, yāva me jīvitaṃ pavattati, tāva upetaṃ anaññasatthukaṃ tīhi saraṇagamanehi saraṇaṃ gataṃ maṃ bhavaṃ Gotamo dhāretu jānātū ti vuttaṃ hoti.

Ettāvatā anena sutānurūpā paṭipatti dassitā hoti. Nikkujjitādīhi vā satthusampattiṃ dassetvā iminā “esāhan” ti ādinā sissasampatti dassitā. Tena vā paññāpaṭilābhaṃ dassetvā iminā saddhāpaṭilābho dassito.

Idāni evaṃ paṭiladdhasaddhena paññavatā yaṃ kattabbaṃ, taṃ kattukāmo Bhagavantaṃ yācati “labheyyāhan” ti. Tattha Bhagavato iddhiyādīhi abhippasādita-citto “Bhagavā pi cakkavattirajjaṃ pahāya pabbajito, kim aṅgaṃ panāhan” ti saddhāya pabbajjaṃ yācati, tattha paripūrakāritaṃ patthento paññāya upasampadaṃ. Sesaṃ pākaṭam eva.

Eko vūpakaṭṭho ti ādīsu pana eko kāyavivekena, vūpakaṭṭho cittavivekena, appamatto kammaṭṭhāne sati-avijahanena, ātāpī kāyika-cetasika-vīriya-saṅkhātena ātāpena, pahitatto kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhatāya viharanto aññatara-iriyāpatha-vihārena.

Nacirass’evā ti pabbajjaṃ upādāya vuccati. Kulaputtā ti duvidhā kulaputtā, jātikulaputtā ācārakulaputtā ca, ayaṃ pana ubhayathā pi kulaputto. Agārasmā ti gharā. Agārānaṃ hitaṃ agāriyaṃ kasi-gorakkhādi-kuṭumba-posana-kammaṃ vuccati, natthi ettha agāriyan ti anagāriyaṃ, pabbajjāy’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pabbajantī ti upagacchanti upasaṅkamanti. Tad anuttaran ti taṃ anuttaraṃ. Brahmacariya-pariyosānan ti maggabrahmacariyassa pariyosānaṃ, arahattaphalan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Tassa hi atthāya kulaputtā pabbajanti. Diṭṭhe va dhamme ti tasmiṃ yeva attabhāve. Sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā ti attanā yeva paññāya paccakkhaṃ katvā, aparappaccayaṃ ñatvā ti attho. Upasampajja vihāsī ti pāpuṇitvā sampādetvā vā vihāsi. Evaṃ viharanto ca khīṇā jāti…pe… abbhaññāsi, eten’assa paccavekkhaṇabhūmiṃ dasseti.

Katamā pan’assa jāti khīṇā, kathañ ca naṃ abbhaññāsī ti? Vuccate na tāv’assa atītā jāti khīṇā pubbe va khīṇattā, na anāgatā anāgate vāyāmābhāvato, na paccuppannā vijjamānattā, yā pana maggassa abhāvitattā uppajjeyya eka-catu-pañca-vokārabhavesu eka-catu-pañca-kkhandha-ppabhedā jāti, sā maggassa bhāvitattā anuppādadhammataṃ āpajjanena khīṇā. Taṃ so maggabhāvanāya pahīnakilese paccavekkhitvā “kilesābhāve vijjamānam pi kammaṃ āyatiṃ apaṭisandhikaṃ hotī” ti jānanto jānāti.

Vusitan ti vutthaṃ parivutthaṃ kataṃ caritaṃ niṭṭhāpitan ti attho. Brahmacariyan ti maggabrahmacariyaṃ. Kataṃ karaṇīyan ti catūsu saccesu catūhi maggehi pariññā-pahāna-sacchikiriya-bhāvanā-vasena soḷasavidham pi kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpitan ti attho. Nāparaṃ itthattāyā ti idāni puna itthabhāvāya evaṃ soḷasakiccabhāvāya kilesakkhayāya vā maggabhāvanā natthī ti. Atha vā itthattāyā ti itthabhāvato, imasmā evaṃpakārā idāni vattamāna-kkhandhasantānā aparaṃ khandhasantānaṃ natthi. Ime pana pañcakkhandhā pariññātā tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlako rukkho viyā ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ti eko. Arahatan ti arahantānaṃ. Mahāsāvakānaṃ abbhantaro āyasmā Bhāradvājo ahosī ti ayaṃ kir’ettha adhippāyo ti.