纯陀经注

Cundasuttavaṇṇanā

83

Pucchāmi muniṃ pahūtapaññan ti Cundasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Saṅkhepato tāva attajjhāsaya-parajjhāsaya-aṭṭhuppatti-pucchāvasika-bhedato catūsu uppattīsu imassa suttassa pucchāvasikā uppatti. Vitthārato pana

“Ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā Mallesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena Pāvā tad avasari. Tatra sudaṃ Bhagavā Pāvāyaṃ viharati Cundassa kammāraputtassa ambavane”.

ito pabhuti yāva

“Atha kho Bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaram ādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena Cundassa kammāraputtassa nivesanaṃ ten’upasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdī” ti (dī. ni. 2.189)

tāva sutte āgatanayen’eva vitthāretabbaṃ.

Evaṃ bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ nisinne Bhagavati Cundo kammāraputto buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ parivisanto byañjanasūpādi-gahaṇatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ suvaṇṇabhājanāni upanāmesi. Apaññatte sikkhāpade keci bhikkhū suvaṇṇabhājanāni paṭicchiṃsu keci na paṭicchiṃsu. Bhagavato pana ekam eva bhājanaṃ attano selamayaṃ pattaṃ, dutiyabhājanaṃ buddhā na gaṇhanti. Tattha aññataro pāpabhikkhu sahassagghanakaṃ suvaṇṇabhājanaṃ attano bhojanatthāya sampattaṃ theyyacittena kuñcikatthavikāya pakkhipi.

Cundo parivisitvā hatthapādaṃ dhovitvā Bhagavantaṃ namassamāno bhikkhusaṅghaṃ olokento taṃ bhikkhuṃ addasa, disvā ca pana apassamāno viya hutvā na naṃ kiñci abhaṇi Bhagavati theresu ca gāravena, api ca “micchādiṭṭhikānaṃ vacanapatho mā ahosī” ti. So “kiṃ nu kho saṃvarayuttā yeva samaṇā, udāhu bhinnasaṃvarā īdisā pi samaṇā” ti ñātukāmo sāyanhasamaye Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha “pucchāmi munin” ti.

Tattha pucchāmī ti idaṃ “tisso pucchā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā” ti (cūḷani. puṇṇakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 12) ādinā nayena Niddese vuttanayam eva. Munin ti etam pi “monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ, yā paññā pajānanā…pe… sammādiṭṭhi, tena ñāṇena samannāgato muni monappatto ti, tīṇi moneyyāni kāyamoneyyan” ti (mahāni. 14) ādinā nayena tatth’eva vuttanayam eva.

Ayam pan’ettha saṅkhepo pucchāmī ti okāsaṃ kārento. Munin ti munimuniṃ Bhagavantaṃ ālapati. Pahūtapaññan ti ādīni thutivacanāni, tehi taṃ muniṃ thunāti. Tattha pahūtapaññan ti vipulapaññaṃ, ñeyyapariyantikattā c’assa vipulatā veditabbā. Iti Cundo kammāraputto ti idaṃ dvayaṃ Dhaniyasutte vuttanayam eva. Ito paraṃ pana ettakam pi avatvā sabbaṃ vuttanayaṃ chaḍḍetvā avuttanayam eva vaṇṇayissāma.

Buddhan ti tīsu buddhesu tatiyabuddhaṃ. Dhammassāmin ti maggadhammassa janakattā puttass’eva pitaraṃ attanā uppādita-sippāyatanādīnaṃ viya ca ācariyaṃ, dhammassa sāmiṃ, dhammissaraṃ dhammarājaṃ dhammavasavattin ti attho. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ

“So hi, brāhmaṇa, Bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū maggavidū maggakovido. Maggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā” ti. (ma. ni. 3.79)

Vītataṇhan ti vigata-kāma-bhava-vibhava-taṇhaṃ.

Dvipaduttaman ti dvipadānaṃ uttamaṃ. Tattha kiñcāpi Bhagavā na kevalaṃ dvipaduttamo eva, atha kho yāvatā sattā apadā vā dvipadā vā…pe… nevasaññīnāsaññino vā, tesaṃ sabbesaṃ uttamo, atha kho ukkaṭṭha-paricchedavasena dvipaduttamo tv eva vuccati. Dvipadā hi sabbasattānaṃ ukkaṭṭhā cakkavatti-mahāsāvaka-paccekabuddhānaṃ tattha uppattito, tesañ ca uttamo ti vutte sabbasattuttamo ti vutto yeva hoti.

Sārathīnaṃ pavaran ti sāretī ti sārathi, hatthidamakādīnam etaṃ adhivacanaṃ, tesañ ca Bhagavā pavaro anuttarena damanena purisadamme dametuṃ samatthabhāvato. Yathāha:

“Hatthidamakena, bhikkhave, hatthidammo sārito ekaṃ eva disaṃ dhāvati puratthimaṃ vā pacchimaṃ vā uttaraṃ vā dakkhiṇaṃ vā. Assadamakena, bhikkhave, assadammo…pe… godamakena, bhikkhave, godammo…pe… dakkhiṇaṃ vā. Tathāgatena hi, bhikkhave, Arahatā Sammāsambuddhena purisadammo sārito aṭṭha disā vidhāvati, rūpī rūpāni passati, ayam ekā disā…pe… saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati, ayaṃ aṭṭhamī disā” ti. (ma. ni. 3.312)

Katī ti atthappabhedapucchā. Loke ti sattaloke. Samaṇā ti pucchitabba-attha-nidassanaṃ. Iṅghā ti yācanatthe nipāto. Tad iṅghā ti te iṅgha. Brūhī ti ācikkha kathayassū ti.

84

Evaṃ vutte Bhagavā Cundaṃ kammāraputtaṃ “kiṃ, bhante, kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusalan” ti (ma. ni. 3.296) ādinā nayena gihipañhaṃ apucchitvā samaṇapañhaṃ pucchantaṃ disvā āvajjento “taṃ pāpabhikkhuṃ sandhāya ayaṃ pucchatī” ti ñatvā tassa aññatra vohāramattā assamaṇabhāvaṃ dīpento āha “caturo samaṇā” ti.

Tattha caturo ti saṅkhyāparicchedo. Samaṇā ti kadāci Bhagavā titthiye samaṇavādena vadati, yathāha

“Yāni tāni puthu samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ vata-kotūhala-maṅgalānī” ti. (ma. ni. 1.407)

Kadāci puthujjane, yathāha

“Samaṇā samaṇā ti kho, bhikkhave, jano sañjānātī” ti. (ma. ni. 1.435)

Kadāci sekkhe, yathāha

“Idh’eva, bhikkhave, samaṇo, idha dutiyo samaṇo” ti. (ma. ni. 1.139; dī. ni. 2.214; a. ni. 4.241)

Kadāci khīṇāsave, yathāha

“Āsavānaṃ khayā samaṇo hotī” ti. (ma. ni. 1.438)

Kadāci attānaṃ yeva, yathāha

“Samaṇo ti kho, bhikkhave, Tathāgatass’etaṃ adhivacanan” ti. (a. ni. 8.85)

Idha pana tīhi padehi sabbe pi ariye sīlavantaṃ puthujjanañ ca, catutthena itaraṃ assamaṇam pi bhaṇḍuṃ kāsāvakaṇṭhaṃ kevalaṃ vohāramattakena samaṇo ti saṅgaṇhitvā “caturo samaṇā” ti āha. Na pañcam’atthī ti imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vohāramattakena paṭiññāmattakenāpi pañcamo samaṇo nāma natthi. Te te āvikaromī ti te caturo samaṇe tava pākaṭe karomi. Sakkhipuṭṭho ti sammukhā pucchito.

Maggajino ti maggena sabbakilese vijitāvī ti attho. Maggadesako ti paresaṃ maggaṃ desetā. Magge jīvatī ti sattasu sekkhesu yo koci sekkho apariyosita-maggavāsattā lokuttare, sīlavantaputhujjano ca lokiye magge jīvati nāma, sīlavantaputhujjano vā lokuttaramagganimittaṃ jīvanato pi magge jīvatī ti veditabbo. Yo ca maggadūsī ti yo ca dussīlo micchādiṭṭhi maggapaṭilomāya paṭipattiyā maggadūsako ti attho.

85

“Ime te caturo samaṇā” ti evaṃ Bhagavatā saṅkhepena uddiṭṭhe caturo samaṇe “ayaṃ nām’ettha maggajino, ayaṃ maggadesako, ayaṃ magge jīvati, ayaṃ maggadūsī” ti evaṃ paṭivijjhituṃ asakkonto puna pucchituṃ Cundo āha “kaṃ maggajinan” ti.

Tattha magge jīvati me ti yo so magge jīvati, taṃ me brūhi puṭṭho ti. Sesaṃ pākaṭam eva.

86

Idāni’ssa Bhagavā caturo pi samaṇe catūhi gāthāhi niddisanto āha “yo tiṇṇakathaṃkatho visallo” ti.

Tattha tiṇṇakathaṃkatho visallo ti etaṃ Uragasutte vuttanayam eva. Ayaṃ pana viseso. Yasmā imāya gāthāya maggajino ti buddhasamaṇo adhippeto, tasmā sabbaññutaññāṇena kathaṃkathā-patirūpakassa sabbadhammesu aññāṇassa tiṇṇattā pi “tiṇṇakathaṃkatho” ti veditabbo. Pubbe vuttanayena hi tiṇṇakathaṃkathā pi sotāpannādayo paccekabuddha-pariyosānā sakadāgāmi-visayādīsu buddha-visaya-pariyosānesu paṭihatañāṇa-ppabhāvattā pariyāyena atiṇṇakathaṃkathā va honti, Bhagavā pana sabbappakārena tiṇṇakathaṃkatho ti.

Nibbānābhirato ti nibbāne abhirato, phalasamāpattivasena sadā nibbānaninnacitto ti attho, tādiso ca Bhagavā. Yathāha

“So kho ahaṃ, Aggivessana, tassā eva kathāya pariyosāne, tasmiṃ yeva purimasmiṃ samādhinimitte ajjhattam eva cittaṃ saṇṭhapemi, sannisādemi, ekodiṃ karomi, samādahāmī” ti (ma. ni. 1.387).

Anānugiddho ti kañci dhammaṃ taṇhāgedhena ananugijjhanto.

Lokassa sadevakassa netā ti āsayānusayānulomena dhammaṃ desetvā Pārāyana-Mahāsamayādīsu anekesu suttantesu aparimāṇānaṃ devamanussānaṃ saccapaṭivedha-sampādanena sadevakassa lokassa netā, gamayitā, tāretā, pāraṃ sampāpetā ti attho. Tādin ti tādisaṃ yathāvutta-ppakāra-lokadhammehi nibbikāran ti attho. Sesam ettha pākaṭam eva.

87

Evaṃ Bhagavā imāya gāthāya “maggajinan” ti buddhasamaṇaṃ niddisitvā idāni khīṇāsavasamaṇaṃ niddisanto āha “paramaṃ paraman tī” ti. Tattha paramaṃ nāma nibbānaṃ, sabbadhammānaṃ aggaṃ uttaman ti attho. Paraman ti yo’dha ñatvā ti taṃ paramaṃ paramam icc eva yo idha sāsane ñatvā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena.

Akkhāti vibhajate idh’eva dhamman ti nibbānadhammaṃ akkhāti, attanā paṭividdhattā paresaṃ pākaṭaṃ karoti “idaṃ nibbānan” ti, maggadhammaṃ vibhajati “ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā…pe… ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo” ti. Ubhayam pi vā ugghaṭitaññūnaṃ saṅkhepadesanāya ācikkhati, vipañcitaññūnaṃ vitthāradesanāya vibhajati. Evaṃ ācikkhanto vibhajanto ca “idh’eva sāsane ayaṃ dhammo, na ito bahiddhā” ti sīhanādaṃ nadanto akkhāti ca vibhajati ca, tena vuttaṃ “akkhāti vibhajate idh’eva dhamman” ti.

Taṃ kaṅkhachidaṃ muniṃ anejan ti taṃ evarūpaṃ catusaccapaṭivedhena attano, desanāya ca paresaṃ kaṅkhacchedanena kaṅkhacchidaṃ, moneyyasamannāgamena muniṃ, ejāsaṅkhātāya taṇhāya abhāvato anejaṃ dutiyaṃ bhikkhunam āhu maggadesin ti.

88

Evaṃ imāya gāthāya sayaṃ anuttaraṃ maggaṃ uppādetvā desanāya anuttaro maggadesī samāno pi, dūtam iva lekhavācakam iva ca rañño attano sāsanaharaṃ sāsanajotakañ ca “maggadesin” ti khīṇāsavasamaṇaṃ niddisitvā idāni sekkhasamaṇañ ca sīlavantaputhujjanasamaṇañ ca niddisanto āha “yo dhammapade” ti.

Tattha padavaṇṇanā pākaṭā yeva. Ayaṃ pan’ettha atthavaṇṇanā yo nibbānadhammassa padattā dhammapade, ubho ante anupagamma desitattā āsayānurūpato vā satipaṭṭhānādi-nānappakārehi desitattā sudesite. Maggasamaṅgī pi anavasita-maggakiccattā magge jīvati. Sīlasaṃyamena saññato. Kāyādīsu sūpaṭṭhitāya cirakatādi-saraṇāya vā satiyā satimā. Aṇumattassāpi vajjassa abhāvato anavajjattā, koṭṭhāsabhāvena ca padattā sattatiṃsa-bodhipakkhiyadhamma-saṅkhātāni anavajjapadāni bhaṅgañāṇato pabhuti bhāvanā-sevanāya sevamāno. Taṃ bhikkhunaṃ tatiyaṃ maggajīvin ti āhū ti.

89

Evaṃ Bhagavā imāya gāthāya “maggajīvin” ti sekkhasamaṇaṃ sīlavantaputhujjanasamaṇañ ca niddisitvā idāni taṃ bhaṇḍuṃ kāsāvakaṇṭhaṃ kevalaṃ vohāramattasamaṇaṃ niddisanto āha “chadanaṃ katvānā” ti.

Tattha chadanaṃ katvānā ti patirūpaṃ karitvā, vesaṃ gahetvā, liṅgaṃ dhāretvā ti attho. Subbatānan ti buddha-paccekabuddha-sāvakānaṃ. Tesañ hi sundarāni vatāni, tasmā te subbatā ti vuccanti. Pakkhandī ti pakkhandako, anto pavisako ti attho. Dussīlo hi gūtha-paṭicchādanatthaṃ tiṇapaṇṇādi-cchadanaṃ viya attano dussīlabhāvaṃ paṭicchādanatthaṃ subbatānaṃ chadanaṃ katvā “aham pi bhikkhū” ti bhikkhumajjhe pakkhandati, “ettakavassena bhikkhunā gahetabbaṃ etan” ti lābhe dīyamāne “ahaṃ ettakavasso” ti gaṇhituṃ pakkhandati, tena vuccati “chadanaṃ katvāna subbatānaṃ pakkhandī” ti.

Catunnam pi khattiyādikulānaṃ uppannaṃ pasādaṃ ananurūpa-paṭipattiyā dūsetī ti kuladūsako. Pagabbho ti aṭṭhaṭṭhānena kāyapāgabbhiyena, catuṭṭhānena vacīpāgabbhiyena, anekaṭṭhānena manopāgabbhiyena ca samannāgato ti attho. Ayam ettha saṅkhepo, vitthāraṃ pana Mettasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vakkhāma.

Katapaṭicchādana-lakkhaṇāya māyāya samannāgatattā māyāvī. Sīlasaṃyamābhāvena asaññato. Palāpa-sadisattā palāpo. Yathā hi palāpo anto taṇḍularahito pi bahi thusena vīhi viya dissati, evam idh’ekacco anto sīlādiguṇasāra-virahito pi bahi subbatacchadanena samaṇavesena samaṇo viya dissati, so evaṃ palāpasadisattā “palāpo” ti vuccati. Ānāpānassatisutte pana

“Apalāpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā, nippalāpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā, suddhā sāre patiṭṭhitā” ti (ma. ni. 3.146)

evaṃ puthujjanakalyāṇo pi “palāpo” ti vutto, idha pana Kapilasutte ca

“Tato palāpe vāhetha, assamaṇe samaṇamānine” ti (su. ni. 285)

evaṃ parājitako “palāpo” ti vutto.

Patirūpena caraṃ sa maggadūsī ti taṃ subbatānaṃ chadanaṃ katvā yathā carantaṃ “āraññiko ayaṃ rukkhamūliko paṃsukūliko piṇḍapātiko appiccho santuṭṭho” ti jano jānāti, evaṃ patirūpena yuttarūpena bāhiramaṭṭhena ācārena caranto puggalo attano lokuttaramaggassa, paresaṃ sugatimaggassa ca dūsanato “maggadūsī” ti veditabbo.

90

Evaṃ imāya gāthāya “maggadūsī” ti dussīlaṃ vohāramattakasamaṇaṃ niddisitvā idāni tesaṃ aññamaññaṃ abyāmissībhāvaṃ dīpento āha “ete ca paṭivijjhī” ti.

Tass’attho ete caturo samaṇe yathāvuttena lakkhaṇena paṭivijjhi aññāsi sacchākāsi yo gahaṭṭho khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā añño vā koci, imesaṃ catunnaṃ samaṇānaṃ lakkhaṇassavanamattena sutavā, tass’eva lakkhaṇassa ariyānaṃ santike sutattā ariyasāvako, te yeva samaṇe “ayañ ca ayañ ca evaṃlakkhaṇo” ti pajānanamattena sappañño, yādiso ayaṃ pacchā vutto maggadūsī, itare pi sabbe n’etādisā ti ñatvā, iti disvā evaṃ pāpaṃ karontam pi etaṃ pāpabhikkhuṃ disvā.

Tatthāyaṃ yojanā ete ca paṭivijjhi yo gahaṭṭho sutavā ariyasāvako sappañño, tassa tāya paññāya sabbe “n’etādisā” ti ñatvā viharato iti disvā na hāpeti saddhā, evaṃ pāpakammaṃ karontaṃ pāpabhikkhuṃ disvā pi na hāpeti, na hāyati, na nassati saddhā ti.

Evaṃ imāya gāthāya tesaṃ abyāmissībhāvaṃ dīpetvā idāni iti disvā pi “sabbe n’etādisā” ti jānantaṃ ariyasāvakaṃ pasaṃsanto āha “kathañ hi duṭṭhenā” ti. Tassa sambandho etad eva ca yuttaṃ sutavato ariyasāvakassa, yad idaṃ ekaccaṃ pāpaṃ karontaṃ iti disvā pi sabbe “n’etādisā” ti jānanaṃ. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Kathañ hi duṭṭhena asampaduṭṭhaṃ, suddhaṃ asuddhena samaṃ kareyyā ti?

Tass’attho kathañ hi sutavā ariyasāvako sappañño, sīlavipattiyā duṭṭhena maggadūsinā aduṭṭhaṃ itaraṃ samaṇattayaṃ, suddhaṃ samaṇattayam evaṃ aparisuddha-kāyasamācāratādīhi asuddhena pacchimena vohāramattakasamaṇena samaṃ kareyya sadisan ti jāneyyā ti.

Suttapariyosāne upāsakassa maggo vā phalaṃ vā na kathitaṃ, kaṅkhāmattam eva hi tassa pahīnan ti.