旷野经注

Āḷavakasuttavaṇṇanā

Evaṃ me sutan ti Āḷavakasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Atthavaṇṇanānayen’ev’assa uppatti āvibhavissati. Atthavaṇṇanāya ca “evaṃ me sutaṃ, ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā” ti etaṃ vuttattham eva. Āḷaviyaṃ viharati Āḷavakassa yakkhassa bhavane ti ettha pana kā Āḷavī, kasmā ca Bhagavā tassa yakkhassa bhavane viharatī ti?

Vuccate Āḷavī ti raṭṭham pi nagaram pi vuccati, tad ubhayam pi idha vaṭṭati. Āḷavīnagarassa hi samīpe viharanto pi “Āḷaviyaṃ viharatī” ti vuccati. Tassa ca nagarassa samīpe avidūre gāvutamatte taṃ bhavanaṃ, Āḷavīraṭṭhe viharanto pi “Āḷaviyaṃ viharatī” ti vuccati, Āḷavīraṭṭhe c’etaṃ bhavanaṃ.

Yasmā pana Āḷavako rājā vividha-nāṭakūpabhogaṃ chaḍḍetvā corapaṭibāhanatthaṃ paṭirājanisedhanatthaṃ byāyāmakaraṇatthañ ca sattame sattame divase migavaṃ gacchanto, ekadivasaṃ balakāyena saddhiṃ katikaṃ akāsi “yassa passena migo palāyati, tass’eva so bhāro” ti. Atha tass’eva passena migo palāyi, javasampanno rājā dhanuṃ gahetvā pattiko va tiyojanaṃ taṃ migaṃ anubandhi. Eṇimigā ca tiyojanavegā eva honti. Atha parikkhīṇajavaṃ taṃ migaṃ udakaṃ pavisitvā ṭhitaṃ vadhitvā, dvidhā chetvā, anatthiko pi maṃsena “nāsakkhi migaṃ gahetun” ti apavādamocanatthaṃ kājenādāya āgacchanto nagarassāvidūre bahalapattapalāsaṃ mahānigrodhaṃ disvā parissamavinodanatthaṃ tassa mūlam upagato.

Tasmiñ ca nigrodhe Āḷavako yakkho Mahārājasantikā varaṃ labhitvā majjhanhikasamaye tassa rukkhassa chāyāya phuṭṭhokāsaṃ paviṭṭhe pāṇino khādanto paṭivasati. So taṃ disvā khādituṃ upagato. Atha rājā tena saddhiṃ katikaṃ akāsi “muñca maṃ, ahaṃ te divase divase manussañ ca thālipākañ ca pesessāmī” ti. Yakkho “tvaṃ rājūpabhogena pamatto sammussasi, ahaṃ pana bhavanaṃ anupagatañ ca ananuññātañ ca khādituṃ na labhāmi, svāhaṃ bhavantam pi jīyeyyan” ti na muñci. Rājā “yaṃ divasaṃ na pesemi, taṃ divasaṃ maṃ gahetvā khādāhī” ti attānaṃ anujānitvā tena mutto nagarābhimukho agamāsi.

Balakāyo magge khandhāvāraṃ bandhitvā ṭhito rājānaṃ disvā “kiṃ, mahārāja, ayasamattabhayā evaṃ kilanto’sī” ti vadanto paccuggantvā paṭiggahesi. Rājā taṃ pavattiṃ anārocetvā nagaraṃ gantvā, katapātarāso nagaraguttikaṃ āmantetvā etam atthaṃ ārocesi. Nagaraguttiko “kiṃ, deva, kālaparicchedo kato” ti āha. Rājā “na kato, bhaṇe” ti āha. “Duṭṭhu kataṃ, deva, amanussā hi paricchinnamattam eva labhanti, aparicchinne pana janapadassa ābādho bhavissati. Hotu, deva, kiñcāpi evam akāsi, appossukko tvaṃ rajjasukhaṃ anubhohi, aham ettha kātabbaṃ karissāmī” ti.

So kālass’eva vuṭṭhāya bandhanāgāraṃ gantvā ye ye vajjhā honti, te te sandhāya “yo jīvitatthiko hoti, so nikkhamatū” ti bhaṇati. Yo paṭhamaṃ nikkhamati taṃ gehaṃ netvā, nhāpetvā, bhojetvā ca, “imaṃ thālipākaṃ yakkhassa dehī” ti peseti. Taṃ rukkhamūlaṃ paviṭṭhamattaṃ yeva yakkho bheravaṃ attabhāvaṃ nimminitvā mūlakandaṃ viya khādati. Yakkhānubhāvena kira manussānaṃ kesādīni upādāya sakalasarīraṃ navanītapiṇḍo viya hoti. Yakkhassa bhattaṃ gāhāpetuṃ gatapurisā taṃ disvā bhītā yathāmittaṃ ārocesuṃ. Tato pabhuti “rājā core gahetvā yakkhassa detī” ti manussā corakammato paṭiviratā. Tato aparena samayena navacorānaṃ abhāvena purāṇacorānañ ca parikkhayena bandhanāgārāni suññāni ahesuṃ.

Atha nagaraguttiko rañño ārocesi. Rājā attano dhanaṃ nagararacchāsu chaḍḍāpesi “app eva nāma koci lobhena gaṇheyyā” ti. Taṃ pādena pi na koci chupi. So core alabhanto amaccānaṃ ārocesi. Amaccā “kulapaṭipāṭiyā ekamekaṃ jiṇṇakaṃ pesema, so pakatiyā pi maccumukhe vattatī” ti āhaṃsu. Rājā “‘amhākaṃ pitaraṃ, amhākaṃ pitāmahaṃ pesetī’ ti manussā khobhaṃ karissanti, mā vo etaṃ ruccī” ti nivāresi. “Tena hi, deva, dārakaṃ pesema uttānaseyyakaṃ, tathāvidhassa hi ‘mātā me pitā me’ ti sineho natthī” ti āhaṃsu. Rājā anujāni. Te tathā akaṃsu. Nagare dārakamātaro ca dārake gahetvā gabbhiniyo ca palāyitvā parajanapade dārake saṃvaḍḍhetvā ānenti. Evaṃ sabbāni pi dvādasa vassāni gatāni.

Tato ekadivasaṃ sakalanagaraṃ vicinitvā ekam pi dārakaṃ alabhitvā rañño ārocesuṃ “natthi, deva, nagare dārako ṭhapetvā antepure tava puttaṃ Āḷavakakumāran” ti. Rājā “yathā mama putto piyo, evaṃ sabbalokassa, attanā pana piyataraṃ natthi, gacchatha, tam pi datvā mama jīvitaṃ rakkhathā” ti āha. Tena ca samayena Āḷavakakumārassa mātā puttaṃ nhāpetvā, maṇḍetvā, dukūlacumbaṭake katvā, aṅke sayāpetvā, nisinnā hoti. Rājapurisā rañño āṇāya tattha gantvā, vippalapantiyā tassā soḷasannañ ca itthisahassānaṃ saddhiṃ dhātiyā taṃ ādāya pakkamiṃsu “sve yakkhabhakkho bhavissatī” ti.

Taṃ divasañ ca Bhagavā paccūsasamaye paccuṭṭhāya Jetavanamahāvihāre Gandhakuṭiyaṃ mahākaruṇāsamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā puna buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento addasa Āḷavakassa kumārassa anāgāmiphaluppattiyā upanissayaṃ, yakkhassa ca sotāpattiphaluppattiyā upanissayaṃ desanāpariyosāne ca caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammacakkhupaṭilābhassā ti. Tasmā vibhātāya rattiyā purebhattakiccaṃ katvā aniṭṭhita-pacchābhattakicco va kāḷapakkha-uposathadivase vattamāne oggate sūriye ekako va adutiyo pattacīvaram ādāya pādagamanen’eva Sāvatthito tiṃsa yojanāni gantvā tassa yakkhassa bhavanaṃ pāvisi. Tena vuttaṃ “Āḷavakassa yakkhassa bhavane” ti.

Kiṃ pana Bhagavā yasmiṃ nigrodhe Āḷavakassa bhavanaṃ, tassa mūle vihāsi, udāhu bhavane yevā ti? Vuccate bhavane yeva. Yath’eva hi yakkhā attano bhavanaṃ passanti, tathā Bhagavā pi. So tattha gantvā bhavanadvāre aṭṭhāsi. Tadā Āḷavako Himavante yakkhasamāgamaṃ gato hoti. Tato Āḷavakassa dvārapālo Gadrabho nāma yakkho Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, vanditvā “kiṃ, bhante, Bhagavā vikāle āgato” ti āha. “Āma, Gadrabha, āgato’mhi, sace te agaru, vihareyyām ekarattiṃ Āḷavakassa bhavane” ti. “Na me, bhante, garu, api ca kho so yakkho kakkhaḷo pharuso, mātāpitūnam pi abhivādanādīni na karoti, mā rucci Bhagavato idha vāso” ti. “Jānāmi, Gadrabha, tassa kakkhaḷattaṃ, na koci mam’antarāyo bhavissati, sace te agaru, vihareyyām ekarattin” ti.

Dutiyam pi Gadrabho yakkho Bhagavantaṃ etad avoca “aggi-tatta-kapāla-sadiso, bhante, Āḷavako, ‘mātāpitaro’ ti vā ‘samaṇabrāhmaṇā’ ti vā ‘dhammo’ ti vā na jānāti, idhāgatānaṃ cittakkhepam pi karoti, hadayam pi phāleti, pāde pi gahetvā parasamudde vā paracakkavāḷe vā khipatī” ti. Dutiyam pi Bhagavā āha “jānāmi, Gadrabha, sace te agaru, vihareyyām ekarattin” ti.

Tatiyam pi Gadrabho yakkho Bhagavantaṃ etad avoca “aggi-tatta-kapāla-sadiso, bhante, Āḷavako, ‘mātāpitaro’ ti vā ‘samaṇabrāhmaṇā’ ti vā ‘dhammo’ ti vā na jānāti, idhāgatānaṃ cittakkhepam pi karoti, hadayam pi phāleti, pāde pi gahetvā parasamudde vā paracakkavāḷe vā khipatī” ti. Tatiyam pi Bhagavā āha “jānāmi, Gadrabha, sace te agaru, vihareyyām ekarattin” ti. “Na me, bhante, garu, api ca kho so yakkho attano anārocetvā anujānantaṃ maṃ jīvitā voropeyya, ārocemi, bhante, tassā” ti. “Yathāsukhaṃ, Gadrabha, ārocehī” ti. “Tena hi, bhante, tvam eva jānāhī” ti Bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā Himavantābhimukho pakkāmi.

Bhavanadvāram pi sayam eva Bhagavato vivaram adāsi. Bhagavā antobhavanaṃ pavisitvā yattha abhilakkhitesu maṅgaladivasādīsu nisīditvā Āḷavako siriṃ anubhoti, tasmiṃ yeva dibbaratanapallaṅke nisīditvā suvaṇṇābhaṃ muñci. Taṃ disvā yakkhassa itthiyo āgantvā, Bhagavantaṃ vanditvā, samparivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Bhagavā “pubbe tumhe dānaṃ datvā, sīlaṃ samādiyitvā, pūjaneyyaṃ pūjetvā, imaṃ sampattiṃ pattā, idāni pi tath’eva karotha, mā aññamaññaṃ issāmacchariyābhibhūtā viharathā” ti ādinā nayena tāsaṃ pakiṇṇakadhammakathaṃ kathesi. Tā ca Bhagavato madhuranigghosaṃ sutvā, sādhukārasahassāni datvā, Bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu yeva. Gadrabho pi Himavantaṃ gantvā Āḷavakassa ārocesi “yagghe, mārisa, jāneyyāsi, vimāne te Bhagavā nisinno” ti. So Gadrabhassa saññam akāsi “tuṇhī hohi, gantvā kattabbaṃ karissāmī” ti. Purisamānena kira lajjito ahosi, tasmā “mā koci parisamajjhe suṇeyyā” ti vāresi.

Tadā Sātāgira-Hemavatā Bhagavantaṃ Jetavane yeva vanditvā “yakkhasamāgamaṃ gamissāmā” ti saparivārā nānāyānehi ākāsena gacchanti. Ākāse ca yakkhānaṃ na sabbattha maggo atthi, ākāsaṭṭhāni vimānāni pariharitvā maggaṭṭhānen’eva maggo hoti. Āḷavakassa pana vimānaṃ bhūmaṭṭhaṃ suguttaṃ pākāraparikkhittaṃ susaṃvihita-dvāra-ṭṭālaka-gopuraṃ, upari kaṃsajālasañchannaṃ mañjūsasadisaṃ tiyojanaṃ ubbedhena. Tassa upari maggo hoti. Te taṃ padesam āgamma gantuṃ asamatthā ahesuṃ. Buddhānañ hi nisinnokāsassa uparibhāgena yāva bhavaggā, tāva koci gantuṃ asamattho. Te “kim idan” ti āvajjetvā Bhagavantaṃ disvā ākāse khittaleḍḍu viya oruyha vanditvā, dhammaṃ sutvā, padakkhiṇaṃ katvā “yakkhasamāgamaṃ gacchāma Bhagavā” ti tīṇi vatthūni pasaṃsantā yakkhasamāgamaṃ agamaṃsu.

Āḷavako te disvā “idha nisīdathā” ti paṭikkamma okāsam adāsi. Te Āḷavakassa nivedesuṃ “lābhā te, Āḷavaka, yassa te bhavane Bhagavā viharati, gacch’āvuso Bhagavantaṃ payirupāsassū” ti. Evaṃ Bhagavā bhavane yeva vihāsi, na yasmiṃ nigrodhe Āḷavakassa bhavanaṃ, tassa mūle ti. Tena vuttaṃ “ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā Āḷaviyaṃ viharati Āḷavakassa yakkhassa bhavane” ti.

Atha kho Āḷavako…pe… Bhagavantaṃ etad avoca “nikkhama samaṇā” ti. “Kasmā panāyaṃ etad avocā” ti? Vuccate rosetukāmatāya. Tatr’evaṃ ādito pabhuti sambandho veditabbo ayañ hi yasmā assaddhassa saddhākathā dukkathā hoti dussīlādīnaṃ sīlādikathā viya, tasmā tesaṃ yakkhānaṃ santikā Bhagavato pasaṃsaṃ sutvā eva aggimhi pakkhittaloṇasakkharā viya abbhantarakopena taṭataṭāyamānahadayo hutvā “ko so Bhagavā nāma, yo mama bhavanaṃ paviṭṭho” ti āha. Te āhaṃsu “na tvaṃ, āvuso, jānāsi Bhagavantaṃ amhākaṃ satthāraṃ, yo Tusitabhavane ṭhito pañca mahāvilokanāni viloketvā” ti ādinā nayena yāva dhammacakkappavattanaṃ kathentā paṭisandhiādisu dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni vatvā “imāni pi tvaṃ, āvuso, acchariyāni nāddasā” ti codesuṃ. So disvā pi kodhavasena “nāddasan” ti āha.

“Āvuso Āḷavaka passeyyāsi vā tvaṃ, na vā, ko tayā attho passatā vā apassatā vā, kiṃ tvaṃ karissasi amhākaṃ satthuno, yo tvaṃ taṃ upanidhāya calakkakudha-mahā-usabha-samīpe tadahujāta-vacchako viya, tidhā-pabhinna-mattavāraṇa-samīpe bhiṅkapotako viya, bhāsura-vilamba-kesara-upasobhita-kkhandhassa migarañño samīpe jarasiṅgālo viya, diyaḍḍha-yojanasata-ppavaḍḍha-kāya-supaṇṇarāja-samīpe chinnapakkha-kākapotako viya khāyasi, gaccha yaṃ te karaṇīyaṃ, taṃ karohī” ti.

Evaṃ vutte kuddho Āḷavako uṭṭhahitvā Manosilātale vāmapādena ṭhatvā “passatha dāni tumhākaṃ vā satthā mahānubhāvo, ahaṃ vā” ti dakkhiṇapādena saṭṭhiyojanamattaṃ Kelāsapabbatakūṭaṃ akkami, taṃ ayokūṭapahaṭo niddhanta-ayopiṇḍo viya papaṭikāyo muñci. So tatra ṭhatvā “ahaṃ Āḷavako” ti ghosesi, sakalajambudīpaṃ saddo phari.

Cattāro kira saddā sakalajambudīpe suyyiṃsu

• yañ ca Puṇṇako yakkhasenāpati Dhanañcaya-korabya-rājānaṃ jūte jinitvā apphoṭetvā “ahaṃ jinin” ti ugghosesi,
• yañ ca Sakko devānam Indo Kassapassa Bhagavato sāsane parihāyamāne Vissakammaṃ devaputtaṃ sunakhaṃ kāretvā “ahaṃ pāpabhikkhū ca pāpabhikkhuniyo ca upāsake ca upāsikāyo ca sabbe va adhammavādino khādāmī” ti ugghosāpesi,
• yañ ca Kusajātake Pabhāvatihetu sattahi rājūhi nagare uparuddhe Pabhāvatiṃ attanā saha hatthikkhandhaṃ āropetvā nagarā nikkhamma “ahaṃ Sīhassara-kusamahārājā” ti Mahāpuriso ugghosesi,
• yañ ca Āḷavako Kelāsamuddhani ṭhatvā “ahaṃ Āḷavako” ti.

Tadā hi sakalajambudīpe dvāre dvāre ṭhatvā ugghositasadisaṃ ahosi, tiyojana-sahassa-vitthato ca Himavā pi saṅkampi yakkhassa ānubhāvena.

So vātamaṇḍalaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi “eten’eva samaṇaṃ palāpessāmī” ti. Te puratthimādibhedā vātā samuṭṭhahitvā aḍḍhayojana-yojana-dviyojana-tiyojana-ppamāṇāni pabbatakūṭāni padāletvā vanagaccharukkhādīni ummūletvā Āḷavīnagaraṃ pakkhantā jiṇṇahatthisālādīni cuṇṇentā chadaniṭṭhakā ākāse bhamentā. Bhagavā “mā kassaci uparodho hotū” ti adhiṭṭhāsi. Te vātā Dasabalaṃ patvā cīvarakaṇṇamattam pi cāletuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu.

Tato mahāvassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi “udakena ajjhottharitvā samaṇaṃ māressāmī” ti. Tassānubhāvena uparūpari satapaṭala-sahassapaṭalādibhedā valāhakā uṭṭhahitvā vassiṃsu, vuṭṭhidhārāvegena pathavī chiddā ahosi, vanarukkhādīnaṃ upari mahogho āgantvā Dasabalassa cīvare ussāvabindumattam pi temetuṃ nāsakkhi.

Tato pāsāṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi, mahantāni mahantāni pabbatakūṭāni dhūmāyantāni pajjalantāni ākāsenāgantvā Dasabalaṃ patvā dibbamālāguḷāni sampajjiṃsu.

Tato paharaṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi, ekatodhārā-ubhatodhārā asi-satti-khurappādayo dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā Dasabalaṃ patvā dibbapupphāni ahesuṃ.

Tato aṅgāravassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi, kiṃsukavaṇṇā aṅgārā ākāsenāgantvā Dasabalassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā vikiriṃsu.

Tato kukkulavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi, accuṇho kukkulo ākāsenāgantvā Dasabalassa pādamūle candanacuṇṇaṃ hutvā nipati.

Tato vālukāvassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi, atisukhumā vālukā dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā Dasabalassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā nipatiṃsu.

Tato kalalavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi, taṃ kalalavassaṃ dhūmāyantaṃ pajjalantaṃ ākāsenāgantvā Dasabalassa pādamūle dibbagandhaṃ hutvā nipati.

Tato andhakāraṃ samuṭṭhāpesi “bhiṃsetvā samaṇaṃ palāpessāmī” ti. Taṃ caturaṅga-samannāgatandhakāra-sadisaṃ hutvā Dasabalaṃ patvā sūriyappabhāvihatam iv’andhakāraṃ antaradhāyi.

Evaṃ yakkho imāhi navahi vātavassa-pāsāṇa-paharaṇaṅgāra-kukkula-vāluka-kalalandhakāravuṭṭhīhi Bhagavantaṃ palāpetuṃ asakkonto nānāvidha-paharaṇa-hatthāya anekappakāra-rūpa-bhūtagaṇa-samākulāya caturaṅginiyā senāya sayam eva Bhagavantaṃ abhigato. Te bhūtagaṇā anekappakāre vikāre katvā “gaṇhatha hanathā” ti Bhagavato upari āgacchantā viya honti, api ca te niddhanta-lohapiṇḍaṃ viya makkhikā, Bhagavantaṃ allīyituṃ asamatthā evaṃ ahesuṃ. Evaṃ sante pi yathā Bodhimaṇḍe Māro āgatavelāyam eva nivatto, tathā anivattitvā upaḍḍharattimattaṃ byākulam akaṃsu. Evaṃ upaḍḍharattimattaṃ anekappakāra-vibhiṃsana-dassanena pi Bhagavantaṃ cāletum asakkonto Āḷavako cintesi “yaṃ nūnāhaṃ kenaci ajeyyaṃ dussāvudhaṃ muñceyyan” ti.

Cattāri kira āvudhāni loke seṭṭhāni Sakkassa vajirāvudhaṃ, Vessavaṇassa gadāvudhaṃ, Yamassa nayanāvudhaṃ, Āḷavakassa dussāvudhan ti. Yadi hi Sakko kuddho vajirāvudhaṃ Sinerumatthake pahareyya aṭṭhasaṭṭhi-sahassādhika-yojana-satasahassaṃ Sineruṃ vinivijjhitvā heṭṭhato gaccheyya. Vessavaṇassa puthujjanakāle vissajjitagadā bahūnaṃ yakkhasahassānaṃ sīsaṃ pātetvā puna hatthapāsaṃ āgantvā tiṭṭhati. Yamena kuddhena nayanāvudhena olokitamatte anekāni kumbhaṇḍa-sahassāni tattakapāle tilā viya vipphurantāni vinassanti. Āḷavako kuddho sace ākāse dussāvudhaṃ muñceyya, dvādasa vassāni devo na vasseyya. Sace pathaviyaṃ muñceyya, sabbarukkhatiṇādīni sussitvā dvādasavassantaraṃ na puna ruheyyuṃ. Sace samudde muñceyya, tattakapāle udakabindu viya sabbam udakaṃ susseyya. Sace Sinerusadise pi pabbate muñceyya, khaṇḍākhaṇḍaṃ hutvā vikireyya.

So evaṃ mahānubhāvaṃ dussāvudhaṃ uttarīyakataṃ¹ muñcitvā aggahesi. Yebhuyyena dasasahassilokadhātudevatā vegena sannipatiṃsu “ajja Bhagavā Āḷavakaṃ damessati, tattha dhammaṃ sossāmā” ti. Yuddhadassanakāmā pi devatā sannipatiṃsu. Evaṃ sakalam pi ākāsaṃ devatāhi puripuṇṇam ahosi.

Atha Āḷavako Bhagavato samīpe uparūpari vicaritvā vatthāvudhaṃ muñci. Taṃ asanivicakkaṃ viya ākāse bheravasaddaṃ karontaṃ dhūmāyantaṃ pajjalantaṃ Bhagavantaṃ patvā yakkhassa mānamaddanatthaṃ pādamuñchana²coḷakaṃ hutvā pādamūle nipati. Āḷavako taṃ disvā chinnavisāṇo viya usabho, uddhaṭadāṭho viya sappo, nittejo nimmado nipatitamānaddhajo hutvā cintesi “dussāvudham pi samaṇaṃ nabhibhosi, kiṃ nu kho kāraṇan” ti? “Idaṃ kāraṇaṃ, mettāvihārayutto samaṇo, handa naṃ rosetvā mettāya viyojemī” ti. Iminā sambandhen’etaṃ vuttaṃ “atha kho Āḷavako yakkho yena Bhagavā…pe… nikkhama samaṇā” ti.

Tatrāyam adhippāyo kasmā mayā ananuññāto mama bhavanaṃ pavisitvā gharasāmiko viya itthāgārassa majjhe nisinno’si, nanu ayuttam etaṃ samaṇassa yad idaṃ adinnapaṭibhogo itthisaṃsaggo ca, tasmā yadi tvaṃ samaṇadhamme ṭhito, nikkhama samaṇā ti. Eke pana “etāni aññāni ca pharusavacanāni vatvā evāyaṃ etad avocā” ti bhaṇanti.

Atha Bhagavā yasmā “thaddho paṭithaddhabhāvena vinetuṃ na sakkā, so hi paṭithaddhabhāve kariyamāne seyyathā pi caṇḍassa kukkurassa nāsāya pittaṃ bhindeyya, so bhiyyoso mattāya caṇḍataro assa, evaṃ thaddhataro hoti, mudunā pana so sakkā vinetun” ti ñatvā “sādh’āvuso” ti piyavacanena tassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā nikkhami. Tena vuttaṃ “sādh’āvuso ti Bhagavā nikkhamī” ti.

Tato Āḷavako “suvaco vatāyaṃ samaṇo ekavacanen’eva nikkhanto, evaṃ nāma nikkhametuṃ sukhaṃ samaṇaṃ akāraṇen’evāhaṃ sakalarattiṃ yuddhena abbhuyyāsin” ti muducitto hutvā puna cintesi “idāni pi na sakkā jānituṃ, kiṃ nu kho suvacatāya nikkhanto, udāhu kodhena, handa naṃ vīmaṃsāmī” ti. Tato “pavisa samaṇā” ti āha.

Atha “suvaco” ti mudubhūta-citta-vavatthāna-karaṇatthaṃ puna pi piyavacanaṃ vadanto sādh’āvuso ti Bhagavā pāvisi. Āḷavako punappunaṃ tam eva suvacabhāvaṃ vīmaṃsanto dutiyam pi tatiyam pi “nikkhama pavisā” ti āha. Bhagavā pi tathā akāsi.

Yadi na kareyya, pakatiyā pi thaddhayakkhassa cittaṃ thaddhataraṃ hutvā dhammakathāya bhājanaṃ na bhaveyya. Tasmā yathā nāma mātā rodantaṃ puttakaṃ yaṃ so icchati, taṃ datvā vā katvā vā saññāpeti, tathā Bhagavā kilesarodanena rodantaṃ yakkhaṃ saññāpetuṃ yaṃ so bhaṇati, taṃ akāsi. Yathā ca dhātī thaññaṃ apivantaṃ dārakaṃ kiñci datvā upalāḷetvā pāyeti, tathā Bhagavā yakkhaṃ lokuttaradhammakhīraṃ pāyetuṃ tassa patthita-vacana-karaṇena upalāḷento evam akāsi. Yathā ca puriso lābumhi catumadhuraṃ pūretukāmo tass’abbhantaraṃ sodheti, evaṃ Bhagavā yakkhassa citte lokuttaracatumadhuraṃ pūretukāmo tassa abbhantare kodhamalaṃ sodhetuṃ yāva tatiyaṃ nikkhamana-pavesanaṃ akāsi.

Atha Āḷavako “suvaco ayaṃ samaṇo, ‘nikkhamā’ ti vutto nikkhamati, ‘pavisā’ ti vutto pavisati, yaṃ nūnāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ evam evaṃ sakalarattiṃ kilametvā, pāde gahetvā, pāragaṅgāya khipeyyan” ti pāpakaṃ cittaṃ uppādetvā catutthavāraṃ āha “nikkhama samaṇā” ti. Taṃ ñatvā Bhagavā “na khvāhaṃ tan” ti āha. “Evaṃ vutte tad uttariṃ karaṇīyaṃ pariyesamāno pañhaṃ pucchitabbaṃ maññissati, taṃ dhammakathāya mukhaṃ bhavissatī” ti ñatvā “na khvāhaṃ tan” ti āha.

Tattha na iti paṭikkhepe, kho iti avadhāraṇe. Ahan ti attanidassanaṃ, tan ti hetuvacanaṃ. Ten’ettha “yasmā tvaṃ evaṃ cintesi, tasmā ahaṃ āvuso neva nikkhamissāmi, yaṃ te karaṇīyaṃ, taṃ karohī” ti evam attho daṭṭhabbo.

Tato Āḷavako yasmā pubbe pi ākāsenāgamanavelāyaṃ “kiṃ nu kho, etaṃ suvaṇṇavimānaṃ, udāhu rajata-maṇi-vimānānaṃ aññataraṃ, handa naṃ passāmā” ti evaṃ attano vimānaṃ āgate iddhimante tāpasaparibbājake pañhaṃ pucchitvā vissajjetum asakkonte cittakkhepādīhi viheṭheti. Kathaṃ? Amanussā hi bhiṃsanakarūpadassanena vā hadayavatthuparimaddanena vā ti dvīhākārehi cittakkhepaṃ karonti. Ayaṃ pana yasmā “iddhimanto bhiṃsanakarūpadassanena na tasantī” ti ñatvā attano iddhippabhāvena sukhumattabhāvaṃ nimminitvā, tesaṃ anto pavisitvā hadayavatthuṃ parimaddati, tato cittasantati na saṇṭhāti, tassā asaṇṭhamānāya ummattakā honti khittacittā. Evaṃ khittacittānaṃ etesaṃ uram pi phāleti, pāde pi ne gahetvā pāragaṅgāya khipati “māssu me puna evarūpā bhavanam āgamiṃsū” ti, tasmā te pañhe saritvā “yaṃ nūnāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ idāni evaṃ viheṭheyyan” ti cintetvā āha “pañhaṃ taṃ samaṇā” ti ādi.

Kuto pan’assa te pañhā ti? Tassa kira mātāpitaro Kassapaṃ Bhagavantaṃ payirupāsitvā aṭṭha pañhe savissajjane uggahesuṃ. Te daharakāle Āḷavakaṃ pariyāpuṇāpesuṃ. So kālaccayena vissajjanaṃ sammussi. Tato “ime pañhā pi mā vinassantū” ti suvaṇṇapaṭṭe jātihiṅgulakena likhāpetvā vimāne nikkhipi. Evam ete buddhapañhā buddhavisayā eva honti.

Bhagavā taṃ sutvā yasmā buddhānaṃ pariccattalābhantarāyo vā jīvitantarāyo vā sabbaññutaññāṇa-byāmappabhānaṃ paṭighāto vā na sakkā kenaci kātuṃ, tasmā taṃ loke asādhāraṇaṃ buddhānubhāvaṃ dassento āha “na khvāhaṃ taṃ, āvuso, passāmi sadevake loke” ti.

Tattha “sadevakavacanena pañcakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇan” ti ādinā nayena etesaṃ padānaṃ atthamattadassanena saṅkhepo vutto, na anusandhiyojanākkamena vitthāro. Svāyaṃ vuccati sadevakavacanena hi ukkaṭṭhaparicchedato sabbadevesu gahitesu pi, yesaṃ tattha sannipatite devagaṇe vimati ahosi “Māro mahānubhāvo chakāmāvacarissaro vasavattī paccanīkasāto dhammadessī kurūrakammanto, kiṃ nu kho so pi’ssa cittakkhepādīni na kareyyā” ti, tesaṃ vimatipaṭibāhanatthaṃ “samārake” ti āha. Tato yesaṃ ahosi “Brahmā mahānubhāvo ekaṅguliyā ekacakkavāḷasahasse ālokaṃ karoti, dvīhi…pe… dasahi aṅgulīhi dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu, anuttarañ ca jhānasamāpattisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, kiṃ so pi na kareyyā” ti, tesaṃ vimatipaṭibāhanatthaṃ “sabrahmake” ti āha. Atha yesaṃ ahosi “puthu samaṇabrāhmaṇā sāsanassa paccatthikā paccāmittā mantādibalasamannāgatā, kiṃ te pi na kareyyun” ti, tesaṃ vimatipaṭibāhanatthaṃ “sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāyā” ti āha. Evaṃ ukkaṭṭhaṭṭhānesu kassaci abhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni sadevamanussāyā ti vacanena sammutideve avasesamanusse ca upādāya ukkaṭṭhapariccheda-vasen’eva sesasattaloke pi kassaci abhāvaṃ dassesī ti evam ettha anusandhiyojanākkamo veditabbo.

Evaṃ Bhagavā tassa bādhanacittaṃ paṭisedhetvā pañhapucchane ussāhaṃ janento āha “api ca tvaṃ, āvuso, puccha yad ākaṅkhasī” ti. Tass’attho puccha, yadi ākaṅkhasi, na me pañhavissajjane bhāro atthi. Atha vā “puccha yaṃ ākaṅkhasi, te sabbaṃ vissajjessāmī” ti sabbaññupavāraṇaṃ pavāresi asādhāraṇaṃ paccekabuddha-aggasāvaka-mahāsāvakehi. Te hi “pucchāvuso sutvā vedissāmā” ti vadanti. Buddhā pana

“pucchāvuso yad ākaṅkhasī” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.237, 246) vā,

“Puccha Vāsava maṃ pañhaṃ, yaṃ kiñci manas’icchasī” ti. (dī. ni. 2.356) vā,

“Bāvarissa ca tuyhaṃ vā, sabbesaṃ sabbasaṃsayaṃ,
Katāvakāsā pucchavho, yaṃ kiñci manas’icchathā” ti (su. ni. 1037) vā

Evam ādinā nayena devamanussānaṃ sabbaññupavāraṇaṃ pavārenti.

Anacchariyañ c’etaṃ, yaṃ Bhagavā buddhabhūmiṃ patvā evaṃ pavāraṇaṃ pavāreyya, yo bodhisattabhūmiyaṃ padesañāṇe vattamāno pi

“Koṇḍañña pañhāni viyākarohi, yācanti taṃ isayo sādhurūpā,
Koṇḍañña eso manujesu dhammo, yaṃ vuddham āgacchati esa bhāro” ti. (jā. 2.17.60)

evaṃ isīhi yācito

“Katāvakāsā pucchantu bhonto, yaṃ kiñci pañhaṃ manasābhipatthitaṃ,
Ahañ hi taṃ taṃ vo viyākarissaṃ, ñatvā sayaṃ lokam imaṃ parañ cā” ti.

evaṃ Sarabhaṅgakāle. Sambhavajātake ca sakalajambudīpe tikkhattuṃ vicaritvā pañhānaṃ antakaraṃ adisvā jātiyā sattavassiko rathikāya paṃsukīḷikaṃ kīḷanto Suciratena brāhmaṇena puṭṭho

“Taggha te aham akkhissaṃ, yathā pi kusalo tathā,
Rājā ca kho naṃ jānāti, yadi kāhati vā na vā” ti. (jā. 1.16.172)

Evaṃ sabbaññupavāraṇaṃ pavāresi.

Evaṃ Bhagavatā Āḷavakassa sabbaññupavāraṇāya pavāritāya atha kho Āḷavako yakkho Bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi “kiṃ sū’dha vittan” ti.

183

Tattha kin ti pucchāvacanaṃ. Sū ti padapūraṇamatte nipāto. Idhā ti imasmiṃ loke. Vittan ti vidati, pītiṃ karotī ti vittaṃ³, dhanass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Suciṇṇan ti sukataṃ. Sukhan ti kāyikacetasikaṃ sātaṃ. Āvahātī ti āvahati, āneti, deti, appetī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Have ti daḷhatthe nipāto. Sādutaran ti atisayena sāduṃ. “Sādhutaran” ti pi pāṭho. Rasānan ti rasasaññitānaṃ dhammānaṃ. Kathan ti kena pakārena, kathaṃjīvino jīvitaṃ kathaṃjīvijīvitaṃ, gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ pana sānunāsikaṃ vuccati. “Kathaṃjīviṃ jīvatan” ti vā pāṭho. Tassa “jīvantānaṃ kathaṃjīvin” ti attho. Sesam ettha pākaṭam eva.

Evam imāya gāthāya “kiṃ su idha loke purisassa vittaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, kiṃ su suciṇṇaṃ sukham āvahāti, kiṃ rasānaṃ sādutaraṃ, kathaṃjīvino jīvitaṃ seṭṭham āhū” ti ime cattāro pañhe pucchi.

184

Ath’assa Bhagavā Kassapadasabalena vissajjitanayen’eva vissajjento imaṃ gātham āha “saddhīdha vittan” ti.

Tattha yathā hiraññasuvaṇṇādi vittaṃ upabhoga-paribhoga-sukhaṃ āvahati, khuppipāsādi-dukkhaṃ paṭibāhati, dāliddiyaṃ vūpasameti, muttādi-ratana-paṭilābha-hetu hoti, lokasanthutiñ ca āvahati, evaṃ lokiya-lokuttarā saddhā pi yathāsambhavaṃ lokiya-lokuttara-vipākasukham āvahati, saddhādhurena paṭipannānaṃ jātijarādi-dukkhaṃ paṭibāhati, guṇa-dāliddiyaṃ vūpasameti, sati-sambojjhaṅgādi-ratana-paṭilābha-hetu hoti.

“Saddho sīlena sampanno, yaso bhogasamappito,
Yaṃ yaṃ padesaṃ bhajati, tattha tatth’eva pūjito” ti. (dha. pa. 303)

vacanato lokasanthutiñ ca āvahatī ti katvā “vittan” ti vuttā. Yasmā pan’etaṃ saddhāvittaṃ anugāmikaṃ anaññasādhāraṇaṃ sabbasampattihetu, lokiyassa hiraññasuvaṇṇādivittassāpi nidānaṃ. Saddho yeva hi dānādīni puññāni katvā vittaṃ adhigacchati, assaddhassa pana vittaṃ yāvad eva anatthāya hoti, tasmā “seṭṭhan” ti vuttaṃ. Purisassā ti ukkaṭṭhapariccheda-desanā, tasmā na kevalaṃ purisassa, itthiādīnam pi saddhāvittam eva seṭṭhan ti veditabbaṃ.

Dhammo ti dasakusalakammapathadhammo, dāna-sīla-bhāvanā-dhammo vā. Suciṇṇo ti sukato sucarito. Sukham āvahātī ti Soṇaseṭṭhiputta-Raṭṭhapālādīnaṃ viya manussasukhaṃ, Sakkādīnaṃ viya dibbasukhaṃ, pariyosāne ca Mahāpadumādīnaṃ viya nibbānasukhañ ca āvahatī ti.

Saccan ti ayaṃ saccasaddo anekesu atthesu dissati. Seyyathidaṃ

“saccaṃ bhaṇe na kujjheyyā” ti ādīsu (dha. pa. 224)

vācāsacce.

“Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā cā” ti ādīsu (jā. 2.21.433)

viratisacce.

“Kasmā nu saccāni vadanti nānā, pavādiyāse kusalāvadānā” ti ādīsu (su. ni. 892)

diṭṭhisacce.

“Cattār’imāni, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇasaccānī” ti ādīsu (a. ni. 4.185)

brāhmaṇasacce.

“Ekañ hi saccaṃ na dutīyam atthī” ti ādīsu (su. ni. 891)

paramatthasacce.

“Catunnaṃ saccānaṃ kati kusalā” ti ādīsu (vibha. 216)

ariyasacce. Idha pana paramatthasaccaṃ nibbānaṃ, viratisaccaṃ vā abbhantaraṃ katvā vācāsaccaṃ adhippetaṃ, yassānubhāvena udakādīni vase vattenti jātijarāmaraṇapāraṃ taranti. Yathāha

“Saccena vācen’udakam pi dhāvati⁴, visam pi saccena hananti paṇḍitā,
Saccena devo thanayaṃ pavassati, sacce ṭhitā nibbutiṃ patthayanti.

“Ye kec’ime atthi rasā pathabyā, saccaṃ tesaṃ sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ,
Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca, taranti jātimaraṇassa pāran” ti. (jā. 2.21.433),

Sādutaran ti madhurataraṃ, paṇītataraṃ. Rasānan ti ye ime

“mūlaraso, khandharaso” ti (dha. sa. 628-630)

ādinā nayena sāyanīyadhammā, ye c’ime

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ phalarasaṃ, (mahāva. 300)

arasarūpo, bhavaṃ Gotamo,

ye te, brāhmaṇa, rūparasā, saddarasā, (a. ni. 8.11, pārā. 3)

anāpatti rasarase, (pāci. 607-609)

ayaṃ dhammavinayo ekaraso vimuttiraso, (a. ni. 8.19, cūḷava. 385),

bhāgī vā Bhagavā attharasassa dhammarasassā” ti (mahāni. 149, cūḷani. ajitamāṇavapucchāniddesa 2)

ādinā nayena vācārasūpavajjā⁵ avasesabyañjanādayo dhammā “rasā” ti vuccanti.

Tesaṃ rasānaṃ saccaṃ have sādutaraṃ saccam eva sādutaraṃ, sādhutaraṃ vā seṭṭhataraṃ, uttamataraṃ. Mūlarasādayo hi sarīraṃ upabrūhenti, saṃkilesikañ ca sukham āvahanti. Saccarase viratisacca-vācāsacca-rasā samathavipassanādīhi cittam upabrūhenti, asaṃkilesikañ ca sukham āvahanti, vimuttiraso paramatthasacca-rasa-paribhāvitattā sādu, attharasa-dhammarasā ca tad adhigamūpāyabhūtaṃ atthañ ca dhammañ ca nissāya pavattito ti.

Paññājīvin ti ettha pana yvāyaṃ andhekacakkhu-dvicakkhukesu dvicakkhupuggalo gahaṭṭho vā kammantānuṭṭhāna-saraṇagamana-dānasaṃvibhāga-sīlasamādāna-uposatha-kammādi-gahaṭṭha-paṭipadaṃ, pabbajito vā avippaṭisārakara-sīla-saṅkhātaṃ tad uttari-cittavisuddhi-ādibhedaṃ vā pabbajita-paṭipadaṃ paññāya ārādhetvā jīvati, tassa paññājīvino jīvitaṃ, taṃ vā paññājīviṃ jīvitaṃ seṭṭham āhū ti evam attho daṭṭhabbo.

185

Evaṃ Bhagavatā vissajjite cattāro pi pañhe sutvā attamano yakkho avasese pi cattāro pañhe pucchanto “kathaṃ su tarati oghan” ti gātham āha.

186

Ath’assa Bhagavā purimanayen’eva vissajjento “saddhāya taratī” ti gātham āha.

Tattha kiñcāpi yo catubbidhaṃ oghaṃ tarati, so saṃsāraṇṇavam pi tarati, vaṭṭadukkham pi acceti, kilesamalā pi parisujjhati, evaṃ sante pi pana yasmā assaddho oghataraṇaṃ asaddahanto na pakkhandati, pañcasu kāmaguṇesu cittavossaggena pamatto tatth’eva sattavisattatāya saṃsāraṇṇavaṃ na tarati, kusīto dukkhaṃ viharati vokiṇṇo akusalehi dhammehi, appañño suddhimaggaṃ ajānanto na parisujjhati, tasmā tappaṭipakkhaṃ dassentena Bhagavatā ayaṃ gāthā vuttā.

Evaṃ vuttāya c’etāya yasmā sotāpattiyaṅgapadaṭṭhānaṃ saddhindriyaṃ, tasmā “saddhāya tarati oghan” ti iminā padena diṭṭhoghataraṇaṃ sotāpattimaggaṃ sotāpannañ ca pakāseti.

Yasmā pana sotāpanno kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanāya sātaccakiriyā-saṅkhātena appamādena samannāgato dutiyamaggaṃ ārādhetvā ṭhapetvā sakid eva imaṃ lokaṃ āgamanamattaṃ avasesaṃ sotāpattimaggena atiṇṇaṃ bhavoghavatthuṃ saṃsāraṇṇavaṃ tarati, tasmā “appamādena aṇṇavan” ti iminā padena bhavoghataraṇaṃ sakadāgāmimaggaṃ sakadāgāmiñ ca pakāseti.

Yasmā sakadāgāmī vīriyena tatiyamaggaṃ ārādhetvā sakadāgāmimaggena anatītaṃ kāmoghavatthuṃ, kāmoghasaññitañ ca kāmadukkham acceti, tasmā “vīriyena dukkham accetī” ti iminā padena kāmoghataraṇaṃ anāgāmimaggaṃ anāgāmiñ ca pakāseti.

Yasmā pana anāgāmī vigatakāma-paṅkatāya parisuddhāya paññāya ekantaparisuddhaṃ catutthamaggapaññaṃ ārādhetvā anāgāmimaggena appahīnaṃ avijjāsaṅkhātaṃ paramamalaṃ pajahati, tasmā “paññāya parisujjhatī” ti iminā padena avijjoghataraṇaṃ arahattamaggaṃ arahantañ ca pakāseti.

Imāya ca arahattanikūṭena kathitāya gāthāya pariyosāne yakkho sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi.

187

Idāni tam eva “paññāya parisujjhatī” ti ettha vuttaṃ paññāpadaṃ gahetvā attano paṭibhānena lokiyalokuttaramissakaṃ pañhaṃ pucchanto “kathaṃ su labhate paññan” ti imaṃ chappadagātham āha.

Tattha kathaṃ sū ti sabbatth’eva atthayuttipucchā hoti. Ayañ hi paññādi-atthaṃ ñatvā tassa yuttiṃ pucchati: “kathaṃ kāya yuttiyā kena kāraṇena paññaṃ labhatī” ti. Esa nayo dhanādīsu.

188

Ath’assa Bhagavā catūhi kāraṇehi paññālābhaṃ dassento “saddahāno” ti ādim āha.

Tass’attho yena pubbabhāge kāyasucaritādi-bhedena, aparabhāge ca sattatiṃsa-bodhipakkhiya-bhedena dhammena arahanto buddha-paccekabuddha-sāvakā nibbānaṃ pattā, taṃ saddahāno arahataṃ dhammaṃ nibbānappattiyā lokiyalokuttaraṃ paññaṃ labhati. Tañ ca kho na saddhāmattaken’eva, yasmā pana

saddhājāto upasaṅkamati, upasaṅkamanto payirupāsati, payirupāsanto sotaṃ odahati, ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti,

tasmā upasaṅkamanato pabhuti yāva dhammassavanena sussūsaṃ labhati.

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti taṃ dhammaṃ saddahitvā pi ācariyupajjhāye kālena upasaṅkamitvā vattakaraṇena payirupāsitvā yadā payirupāsanāya ārādhitacittā kiñci vattukāmā honti, atha adhigatāya⁶ sotukāmatāya sotaṃ odahitvā suṇanto labhatī ti.

Evaṃ susūsam pi ca sati-avippavāsena appamatto subhāsita-dubbhāsita-ññutāya vicakkhaṇo eva labhati, na itaro. Tenāha “appamatto vicakkhaṇo” ti.

Evaṃ yasmā saddhāya paññālābha-saṃvattanikaṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipajjati, sussūsāya sakkaccaṃ paññādhigamūpāyaṃ suṇāti, appamādena gahitaṃ na sammussati, vicakkhaṇatāya anūnādhikaṃ aviparītañ ca gahetvā vitthārikaṃ karoti. Sussūsāya vā ohitasoto paññāpaṭilābhahetuṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti, appamādena sutvā dhammaṃ dhāreti, vicakkhaṇatāya dhatānaṃ dhammānaṃ attham upaparikkhati, athānupubbena paramatthasaccaṃ sacchikaroti, tasmāssa Bhagavā “kathaṃ su labhate paññan” ti puṭṭho imāni cattāri kāraṇāni dassento imaṃ gātham āha “saddahāno…pe… vicakkhaṇo” ti.

189

Idāni tato pare tayo pañhe vissajjento “patirūpakārī” ti imaṃ gātham āha.

Tattha desakālādīni ahāpetvā lokiyassa lokuttarassa vā dhanassa patirūpaṃ adhigamūpāyaṃ karotī ti patirūpakārī. Dhuravā ti cetasikavīriyavasena anikkhittadhuro. Uṭṭhātā ti

“yo ca sītañ ca uṇhañ ca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññatī” ti (theragā. 232, dī. ni. 3.253)

ādinā nayena kāyikavīriyavasena uṭṭhānasampanno asithila-parakkamo. Vindate dhanan ti ekamūsikāya na cirass’eva dvesata-sahassa-saṅkhaṃ Cūḷantevāsī viya lokiyadhanañ ca, Mahallaka-Mahātissatthero viya lokuttaradhanañ ca labhati. So hi “tīhi iriyāpathehi viharissāmī” ti vattaṃ katvā thinamiddhāgamanavelāya palāla-cumbaṭakaṃ temetvā, sīse katvā, galappamāṇaṃ udakaṃ pavisitvā, thinamiddhaṃ paṭibāhento dvādasahi vassehi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

Saccenā ti vacīsaccenāpi “saccavādī bhūtavādī” ti, paramatthasaccenāpi “buddho paccekabuddho ariyasāvako” ti evaṃ kittiṃ pappoti.

Dadan ti yaṃkiñci icchitapatthitaṃ dadanto mittāni ganthati, sampādeti karotī ti attho. Duddadaṃ vā dadaṃ ganthati, dānamukhena vā cattāri pi saṅgahavatthūni gahitānī ti veditabbāni. Tehi mittāni karotī ti vuttaṃ hoti.

190

Evaṃ gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ sādhāraṇena lokiyalokuttaramissakena nayena cattāro pañhe vissajjetvā idāni “kathaṃ pecca na socatī” ti imaṃ pañcamaṃ pañhaṃ gahaṭṭhavasena vissajjento āha “yass’ete” ti.

Tass’attho yassa “saddahāno arahatan” ti ettha vuttāya sabbakalyāṇadhammuppādikāya saddhāya samannāgatattā saddhassa gharam esino gharāvāsaṃ pañca vā kāmaguṇe esantassa gavesantassa kāmabhogino gahaṭṭhassa “saccena kittiṃ pappotī” ti ettha vuttappakāraṃ saccaṃ, “sussūsaṃ labhate paññan” ti ettha sussūsapaññānāmena vutto dhammo, “dhuravā uṭṭhātā” ti ettha dhuranāmena uṭṭhānanāmena ca vuttā dhīti, “dadaṃ mittāni ganthatī” ti ettha vuttappakāro cāgo cā ti ete caturo dhammā santi. Sa ve pecca na socatī ti idhalokā paralokaṃ gantvā sa ve na socatī ti.

191

Evaṃ Bhagavā pañcamam pi pañhaṃ vissajjetvā taṃ yakkhaṃ codento āha “iṅgha aññe pī” ti.

Tattha iṅghā ti codanatthe nipāto. Aññe pī ti aññe pi dhamme puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchassu, aññe pi vā Pūraṇādayo sabbaññupaṭiññe puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchassu. Yadi amhehi “saccena kittiṃ pappotī” ti ettha vuttappakārā saccā bhiyyo kittippattikāraṇaṃ vā, “sussūsaṃ labhate paññan” ti ettha sussūsanapaññā-padesena vuttā damā bhiyyo lokiyalokuttara-paññāpaṭilābhakāraṇaṃ vā, “Dadaṃ mittāni ganthatī” ti ettha vuttappakārā cāgā bhiyyo mittaganthanakāraṇaṃ vā, “dhuravā uṭṭhātā” ti ettha taṃ taṃ atthavasaṃ paṭicca dhuranāmena uṭṭhānanāmena ca vuttāya mahābhārasahanaṭṭhena ussoḷhībhāvappattāya vīriyasaṅkhātāya khantyā bhiyyo lokiyalokuttara-dhana-vindanakāraṇaṃ vā, “saccaṃ dhammo dhiti cāgo” ti evaṃ vuttehi imeh’eva catūhi dhammehi bhiyyo asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ pecca asocanakāraṇaṃ vā idha vijjatī ti. Ayam ettha saddhiṃ saṅkhepayojanāya atthavaṇṇanā. Vitthārato pana ekamekaṃ padaṃ atthuddhāra-paduddhāra-vaṇṇanānayehi vibhajitvā veditabbā.

192

Evaṃ vutte yakkho yena saṃsayena aññe puccheyya, tassa pahīnattā “kathaṃ nu dāni puccheyyaṃ, puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe” ti vatvā ye pi’ssa apucchanakāraṇaṃ na jānanti, te pi jānāpento “yo’haṃ ajja pajānāmi, yo attho samparāyiko” ti āha.

Tattha ajjā ti ajjādiṃ katvā ti adhippāyo. Pajānāmī ti yathāvuttena pakārena jānāmi. Yo attho ti ettāvatā “sussūsaṃ labhate paññan” ti ādinā nayena vuttaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ dasseti, samparāyiko ti iminā “yass’ete caturo dhammā” ti vuttaṃ pecca sokābhāvakaraṃ samparāyikaṃ. Attho ti ca kāraṇass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ayañ hi atthasaddo

“sātthaṃ sabyañjanan” ti (pārā. 1, dī. ni. 1.255)

evam ādīsu pāṭhatthe vattati,

“Attho me, gahapati, hiraññasuvaṇṇenā” ti (dī. ni. 2.250, ma. ni. 3.258)

ādīsu kiccatthe⁷,

“hoti sīlavataṃ attho” ti (jā. 1.1.11)

ādīsu vuḍḍhimhi,

“Bahujano bhajate atthahetū” ti (jā. 1.15.89)

ādīsu dhane,

“Ubhinnam atthaṃ caratī” ti (jā. 1.7.66, saṃ. ni. 1.250, theragā. 443)

ādīsu hite,

“Atthe jāte ca paṇḍitan” ti (jā. 1.1.92)

ādīsu kāraṇe. Idha pana kāraṇe. Tasmā yaṃ paññādilābhādīnaṃ kāraṇaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ, yañ ca pecca sokābhāvassa kāraṇaṃ samparāyikaṃ, taṃ yo’haṃ ajja Bhagavatā vuttanayena sāmaṃ yeva pajānāmi, so kathaṃ nu dāni puccheyyaṃ puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe ti evam ettha saṅkhepato attho veditabbo.

193

Evaṃ yakkho “pajānāmi yo attho samparāyiko” ti vatvā tassa ñāṇassa Bhagavaṃmūlakattaṃ dassento “atthāya vata me buddho” ti āha.

Tattha atthāyā ti hitāya, vuḍḍhiyā vā. Yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalan ti

“yass’ete caturo dhammā” ti (jā. 1.1.57)

ettha vuttacāgena yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti, taṃ aggadakkhiṇeyyaṃ buddhaṃ pajānāmī ti attho. Keci pana “saṅghaṃ sandhāya evam āhā” ti bhaṇanti.

194

Evaṃ imāya gāthāya attano hitādhigamaṃ dassetvā idāni parahitāya paṭipattiṃ dīpento āha “so ahaṃ vicarissāmī” ti. Tass’attho Hemavatasutte vuttanayen’eva veditabbo.

Evam imāya gāthāya pariyosānañ ca rattivibhāyanañ ca sādhukāra-sadduṭṭhānañ ca Āḷavakakumārassa yakkhassa bhavanaṃ ānayanañ ca ekakkhaṇe yeva ahosi. Rājapurisā sādhukārasaddaṃ sutvā “evarūpo sādhukārasaddo ṭhapetvā buddhe na aññesaṃ abbhuggacchati, āgato nu kho Bhagavā” ti āvajjentā Bhagavato sarīrappabhaṃ disvā, pubbe viya bahi aṭṭhatvā, nibbisaṅkā anto yeva pavisitvā, addasaṃsu Bhagavantaṃ yakkhassa bhavane nisinnaṃ, yakkhañ ca añjaliṃ paggahetvā ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna yakkhaṃ āhaṃsu “ayaṃ te, mahāyakkha, rājakumāro balikammāya ānīto, handa naṃ khāda vā bhuñja vā, yathāpaccayaṃ vā karohī” ti. So sotāpannattā lajjito visesato ca Bhagavato purato evaṃ vuccamāno, atha taṃ kumāraṃ ubhohi hatthehi paṭiggahetvā Bhagavato upanāmesi “ayaṃ bhante kumāro mayhaṃ pesito, imāhaṃ Bhagavato dammi, hitānukampakā buddhā, paṭiggaṇhātu, bhante, Bhagavā imaṃ dārakaṃ imassa hitatthāya sukhatthāyā” ti. Imañ ca gātham āha

“Imaṃ kumāraṃ satapuññalakkhaṇaṃ, sabbaṅgupetaṃ paripuṇṇabyañjanaṃ,
Udaggacitto sumano dadāmi te, paṭiggaha lokahitāya cakkhumā” ti.

Paṭiggahesi Bhagavā kumāraṃ, paṭiggaṇhanto ca yakkhassa ca kumārassa ca maṅgalakaraṇatthaṃ pādūnagāthaṃ abhāsi. Taṃ yakkho kumāraṃ saraṇaṃ gamento tikkhattuṃ catutthapādena pūreti. Seyyathidaṃ

“Dīghāyuko hotu ayaṃ kumāro,
Tuvañ ca yakkha sukhito bhavāhi,
Abyādhitā lokahitāya tiṭṭhatha,
Ayaṃ kumāro saraṇam upeti buddhaṃ…pe… dhammaṃ…pe… saṅghan” ti.

Bhagavā kumāraṃ rājapurisānaṃ adāsi “imaṃ vaḍḍhetvā puna mam eva dethā” ti. Evaṃ so kumāro rājapurisānaṃ hatthato yakkhassa hatthaṃ yakkhassa hatthato Bhagavato hatthaṃ, Bhagavato hatthato puna rājapurisānaṃ hatthaṃ gatattā nāmato “Hatthako Āḷavako” ti jāto.

Taṃ ādāya paṭinivatte rājapurise disvā kassaka-vanakammikādayo “kiṃ yakkho kumāraṃ atidaharattā na icchatī” ti bhītā pucchiṃsu. Rājapurisā “mā bhāyatha, khemaṃ kataṃ Bhagavatā” ti sabbam ārocesuṃ. Tato “sādhu sādhū” ti sakalaṃ Āḷavīnagaraṃ ekakolāhalena yakkhābhimukhaṃ ahosi. Yakkho pi Bhagavato bhikkhācārakāle anuppatte pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā upaḍḍhamaggaṃ āgantvā nivatti.

Atha Bhagavā nagare piṇḍāya caritvā katabhattakicco nagaradvāre aññatarasmiṃ vivitte rukkhamūle paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdi. Tato mahājanakāyena saddhiṃ rājā ca nāgarā ca ekato sampiṇḍitvā Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamma vanditvā parivāretvā nisinnā “kathaṃ, bhante, evaṃ dāruṇaṃ yakkhaṃ damayitthā” ti pucchiṃsu. Tesaṃ Bhagavā yuddham ādiṃ katvā “evaṃ navavidhavassaṃ vassi, evaṃ vibhiṃsanakaṃ akāsi, evaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi, tassāhaṃ evaṃ vissajjesin” ti tam ev’Āḷavakasuttaṃ kathesi. Kathāpariyosāne caturāsītipāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi.

Tato rājā ca nāgarā ca Vessavaṇa-mahārājassa bhavanasamīpe yakkhassa bhavanaṃ katvā pupphagandhādi-sakkārūpetaṃ niccaṃ baliṃ pavattesuṃ. Tañ ca kumāraṃ viññutaṃ pattaṃ “tvaṃ Bhagavantaṃ nissāya jīvitaṃ labhi, gaccha, Bhagavantaṃ yeva payirupāsassu bhikkhusaṅghañ cā” ti vissajjesuṃ. So Bhagavantañ ca bhikkhusaṅghañ ca payirupāsamāno na cirass’eva anāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāya sabbaṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggahetvā pañcasata-upāsaka-parivāro ahosi. Bhagavā ca naṃ etadagge niddisi

“etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi parisaṃ saṅgaṇhantānaṃ yad idaṃ Hatthako Āḷavako” ti (a ni. 1.251).