法经注

Dhammasuttavaṇṇanā

Yasmā hi dhamman ti Dhammasuttaṃ, “Nāvāsuttan” ti pi vuccati. Kā uppatti? Idaṃ suttaṃ āyasmantaṃ Sāriputtattheraṃ ārabbha vuttaṃ. Ayam ettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana dvinnaṃ aggasāvakānaṃ uppattito pabhuti veditabbo. Seyyathidaṃ anuppanne kira Bhagavati dve aggasāvakā ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ kappasatasahassañ ca pāramiyo pūretvā devaloke nibbattā. Tesaṃ paṭhamo cavitvā Rājagahassa avidūre Upatissagāmo nāma brāhmaṇānaṃ bhogagāmo atthi, tattha saṭṭhi-adhika-pañcakoṭisata-dhanavibhavassa gāmasāmino brāhmaṇassa Rūpasārī nāma brāhmaṇī, tassā kucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi. Dutiyo tass’evāvidūre Kolitagāmo nāma brāhmaṇānaṃ bhogagāmo atthi, tattha tathārūpa-vibhavass’eva gāmasāmino brāhmaṇassa Moggallānī nāma brāhmaṇī, tassā kucchiyaṃ taṃ divasam eva paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi.

Evaṃ tesaṃ ekadivasam eva paṭisandhiggahaṇañ ca gabbhavuṭṭhānañ ca ahosi. Ekadivase yeva ca nesaṃ ekassa Upatissagāme jātattā Upatisso, ekassa Kolitagāme jātattā Kolito ti nāmam akaṃsu. Te sahapaṃsuṃ kīḷantā sahāyakā anupubbena vuḍḍhiṃ pāpuṇiṃsu, ekamekassa ca pañca-pañca-māṇavaka-satāni parivārā ahesuṃ. Te uyyānaṃ vā nadītitthaṃ vā gacchantā saparivārā yeva gacchanti, eko pañcahi suvaṇṇasivikāsatehi, dutiyo pañcahi ājaññarathasatehi.

Tadā ca Rājagahe kālānukālaṃ giraggasamajjo nāma hoti. Sāyanhasamaye nagaravemajjhe yattha sakala-Aṅga-Magadha-vāsino abhiññātā khattiya-kumārādayo sannipatitvā supaññattesu mañcapīṭhādīsu nisinnā samajjavibhūtiṃ passanti. Atha te sahāyakā tena parivārena saddhiṃ tattha gantvā paññattāsanesu nisīdiṃsu. Tato Upatisso samajjavibhūtiṃ passanto mahājanakāyaṃ sannipatitaṃ disvā “ettako janakāyo vassasataṃ appatvā va marissatī” ti cintesi. Tassa maraṇaṃ āgantvā nalāṭante patiṭṭhitaṃ viya ahosi. Tathā Kolitassa. Tesaṃ anekappakāresu naṭesu naccantesu dassanamatte pi cittaṃ na nami, aññadatthu saṃvego yeva udapādi.

Atha vuṭṭhite samajje pakkantāya parisāya sakaparivārena pakkantesu tesu sahāyesu Kolito Upatissaṃ pucchi “kiṃ, samma, nāṭakādi-dassanena tava pamodanamattam pi nāhosī” ti? So tassa taṃ pavattiṃ ārocetvā tam pi tath’eva paṭipucchi. So pi tassa attano pavattiṃ ārocetvā “ehi, samma, pabbajitvā amataṃ gavesāmā” ti āha. “Sādhu sammā” ti Upatisso taṃ sampaṭicchi.

Tato dve pi janā taṃ sampattiṃ chaḍḍetvā punad eva Rājagaham anuppattā. Tena ca samayena Rājagahe Sañcayo nāma paribbājako paṭivasati. Te tassa santike pañcahi māṇavakasatehi saddhiṃ pabbajitvā katipāhen’eva tayo vede sabbañ ca paribbājakasamayaṃ uggahesuṃ. Te tesaṃ satthānaṃ ādi-majjha-pariyosānaṃ upaparikkhantā pariyosānaṃ adisvā ācariyaṃ pucchiṃsu “imesaṃ satthānaṃ ādi-majjhaṃ dissati, pariyosānaṃ pana na dissati ‘idaṃ nāma imehi satthehi pāpuṇeyyā ti, yato uttari pāpuṇitabbaṃ natthī’” ti. So pi āha “aham pi tesaṃ tathāvidhaṃ pariyosānaṃ na passāmī” ti. Te āhaṃsu “tena hi mayaṃ imesaṃ pariyosānaṃ gavesāmā” ti. Te ācariyo “yathāsukhaṃ gavesathā” ti āha.

Evaṃ te tena anuññātā amataṃ gavesamānā āhiṇḍantā Jambudīpe pākaṭā ahesuṃ. Tehi khattiyapaṇḍitādayo pañhaṃ puṭṭhā uttaruttariṃ na sampāyanti. “Upatisso Kolito” ti vutte pana “ke ete, na kho mayaṃ jānāmā” ti bhaṇantā natthi, evaṃ vissutā ahesuṃ.

Evaṃ tesu amatapariyesanaṃ caramānesu amhākaṃ Bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattita-varadhammacakko anupubbena Rājagaham anuppatto. Te ca paribbājakā sakalajambudīpaṃ caritvā tiṭṭhatu amataṃ, antamaso pariyosāna-pañhavissajjana-mattam pi alabhantā punad eva Rājagahaṃ agamaṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā Assaji pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā ti yāva tesaṃ pabbajjā, tāva sabbaṃ Pabbajjākkhandhake (mahāva. 60) āgatanayen’eva vitthārato daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Evaṃ pabbajitesu tesu dvīsu sahāyakesu āyasmā Sāriputto aḍḍhamāsena sāvakapāramīñāṇaṃ sacchākāsi. So yadā Assajittherena saddhiṃ ekavihāre vasati, tadā Bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā anantaraṃ therassa upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchati “pubbācariyo me ayam āyasmā, etam ahaṃ nissāya Bhagavato sāsanaṃ aññāsin” ti gāravena. Yadā pana Assajittherena saddhiṃ ekavihāre na vasati, tadā yassaṃ disāyaṃ thero vasati, taṃ disaṃ oloketvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha namassati.

Taṃ disvā keci bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ “Sāriputto aggasāvako hutvā disaṃ namassati, ajjāpi maññe brāhmaṇadiṭṭhi appahīnā” ti. Atha Bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā taṃ kathāsallāpaṃ sutvā paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinnaṃ yeva attānaṃ dassento bhikkhū āmantesi “kāya nu’ttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā” ti? Te taṃ pavattiṃ ācikkhiṃsu. Tato Bhagavā “na, bhikkhave, Sāriputto disaṃ namassati, yaṃ nissāya sāsanaṃ aññāsi, taṃ attano ācariyaṃ vandati namassati sammāneti, ācariyapūjako, bhikkhave, Sāriputto” ti vatvā tattha sannipatitānaṃ dhammadesanatthaṃ imaṃ suttam abhāsi.

319

Tattha yasmā hi dhammaṃ puriso vijaññā ti yato puggalā piṭakattaya-ppabhedaṃ pariyattidhammaṃ vā, pariyattiṃ sutvā adhigantabbaṃ navalokuttara-ppabhedaṃ paṭivedhadhammaṃ vā puriso vijaññā jāneyya vedeyya. “Yassā” ti pi pāṭho, so ev’attho. Indaṃ va naṃ devatā pūjayeyyā ti yathā Sakkaṃ devānam Indaṃ dvīsu devalokesu devatā pūjenti, evaṃ so puggalo taṃ puggalaṃ kālass’eva vuṭṭhāya upāhana-omuñcanādiṃ sabbaṃ vattapaṭivattaṃ karonto pūjeyya sakkareyya garukareyya.

Kiṃ kāraṇaṃ? So pūjito…pe… pātukaroti dhammaṃ, so ācariyo evaṃ pūjito tasmiṃ antevāsimhi pasannacitto pariyatti-paṭivedha-vasena bahussuto desanāvasen’eva pariyattidhammañ ca, desanaṃ sutvā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattiyā adhigantabbaṃ paṭivedhadhammañ ca pātukaroti deseti, desanāya vā pariyattidhammaṃ, upamāvasena attanā adhigata-paṭivedhadhammaṃ pātukaroti.

320

Tad aṭṭhikatvāna nisamma dhīro ti evaṃ pasannena ācariyena pātukataṃ dhammaṃ aṭṭhikatvāna suṇitvā upadhāraṇasamatthatāya dhīro puriso. Dhammānudhammaṃ paṭipajjamāno ti lokuttaradhammassa anulomattā anudhammabhūtaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāvayamāno. Viññū vibhāvī nipuṇo ca hotī ti viññutā-saṅkhātāya paññāya adhigamena viññū, vibhāvetvā paresam pi pākaṭaṃ katvā ñāpana-samatthatāya vibhāvī, paramasukhumattha-paṭivedhatāya nipuṇo ca hoti. Yo tādisaṃ bhajati appamatto ti yo tādisaṃ pubbe vuttappakāraṃ bahussutaṃ appamatto tap-pasādana-paro hutvā bhajati.

321

Evaṃ paṇḍitācariyasevanaṃ pasaṃsitvā idāni bālācariyasevanaṃ nindanto “khuddañ ca bālan” ti imaṃ gātham āha. Tattha khuddan ti khuddena kāyakammādinā samannāgataṃ. Paññābhāvato bālaṃ. Anāgatatthan ti anadhigata-pariyatti-paṭivedhatthaṃ. Usūyakan ti issāmanakatāya antevāsikassa vuḍḍhiṃ asahamānaṃ. Sesam ettha pākaṭam eva padato.

Adhippāyato pana yo bahu-cīvarādi-lābhī ācariyo antevāsikānaṃ cīvarādīni na sakkoti dātuṃ, dhammadāne pana anicca-dukkhānatta-vacanamattam pi na sakkoti, etehi khuddatādi-dhammehi samannāgatattā taṃ khuddaṃ bālaṃ anāgatatthaṃ usūyakaṃ ācariyaṃ upasevamāno

“Pūtimacchaṃ kusaggenā” ti (itivu. 76; jā. 1.15.183)

vuttanayena sayam pi bālo hoti. Tasmā idha sāsane kiñci appamattakam pi pariyattidhammaṃ paṭivedhadhammaṃ vā avibhāvayitvā ca avijānitvā ca yassa dhammesu kaṅkhā, taṃ ataritvā maraṇaṃ upetī ti evam assa attho veditabbo.

322

Idāni tass’ev’atthassa pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ “yathā naro” ti gāthādvayam āha. Tattha āpagan ti nadiṃ. Mahodakan ti bahu-udakaṃ. Salilan ti ito c’ito ca gataṃ, vitthiṇṇan ti vuttaṃ hoti. “Saritan” ti pi pāṭho, so ev’attho. Sīghasotan ti hārahārikaṃ, vegavatin ti vuttaṃ hoti. Kiṃ so ti ettha “so vuyhamāno” ti iminā ca so-kārena tassa narassa niddiṭṭhattā nipātamatto so-kāro, kiṃ sū ti vuttaṃ hoti, yathā

“Na bhavissāmi nāma so, vinassissāmi nāma so” ti.

323

Dhamman ti pubbe vuttaṃ duvidham eva. Anisāmay’atthan ti anisāmetvā atthaṃ. Sesam ettha pākaṭam eva padato.

Adhippāyato pana yathā yo kocid eva naro vuttappakāraṃ nadiṃ otaritvā tāya nadiyā vuyhamāno anusotagāmī sotam eva anugacchanto pare pāratthike kiṃ sakkhati pāraṃ netuṃ. “Sakkatī” ti pi pāṭho. Tath’eva duvidham pi dhammaṃ attano paññāya avibhāvayitvā bahussutānañ ca santike atthaṃ anisāmetvā sayaṃ avibhāvitattā ajānanto anisāmitattā ca avitiṇṇakaṅkho pare kiṃ sakkhati nijjhāpetuṃ pekkhāpetun ti evam ettha attho daṭṭhabbo.

“So vata, Cunda, attanā palipapalipanno” ti (ma. ni. 1.87)

ādikañ c’ettha suttapadaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.

324

Evaṃ bālasevanāya bālassa paraṃ nijjhāpetuṃ asamatthatāya pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ upamaṃ vatvā idāni “yo tādisaṃ bhajati appamatto” ti ettha vuttassa paṇḍitassa pare nijjhāpetuṃ samatthatāya pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ “yathā pi nāvan” ti gāthādvayam āha.

Tattha phiyenā ti dabbipadarena. Rittenā ti veḷudaṇḍena. Tatthā ti tassaṃ nāvāyaṃ. Tatrūpayaññū ti tassā nāvāya āharaṇa-paṭiharaṇādi-upāya-jānanena maggapaṭipādanena upāyaññū. Sikkhita-sikkhatāya sukusala-hatthatāya ca kusalo. Uppannupaddava-paṭikāra-samatthatāya mutīmā.

325

Vedagū ti veda-saṅkhātehi catūhi maggañāṇehi gato. Bhāvitatto ti tāy’eva maggabhāvanāya bhāvitacitto. Bahussuto ti pubbe vuttanayen’eva. Avedhadhammo ti aṭṭhahi lokadhammehi akampaniya-sabhāvo. Sotāvadhānūpanisūpapanne ti sota-odahanena ca maggaphalānaṃ upanissayena ca upapanne. Sesaṃ uttānapadattham eva. Adhippāya-yojanā pi sakkā purimanayen’eva jānitun ti na vitthāritā.

326

Evaṃ paṇḍitassa pare nijjhāpetuṃ samatthabhāva-pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ upamaṃ vatvā tassā paṇḍitasevanāya niyojento “tasmā have” ti imaṃ avasānagātham āha.

Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepattho yasmā upanissaya-sampannā paṇḍitasevanena visesaṃ pāpuṇanti, tasmā have sappurisaṃ bhajetha. Kīdisaṃ sappurisaṃ bhajetha? Medhāvinañ c’eva bahussutañ ca, paññāsampattiyā ca medhāvinaṃ vuttappakāra-sutadvayena ca bahussutaṃ. Tādisañ hi bhajamāno tena bhāsitassa dhammassa aññāya atthaṃ evaṃ ñatvā ca yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāno tāya paṭipattiyā paṭivedhavasena viññātadhammo so magga-phala-nibbāna-ppabhedaṃ lokuttarasukhaṃ labhetha adhigaccheyya pāpuṇeyyā ti arahattanikūṭena desanaṃ samāpesī ti.