何戒经注

Kiṃsīlasuttavaṇṇanā

327

Kiṃsīlo ti Kiṃsīlasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Āyasmato Sāriputtassa gihisahāyako eko therass’eva pituno Vaṅgantabrāhmaṇassa sahāyassa brāhmaṇassa putto saṭṭhikoṭi-adhikaṃ pañcasatakoṭi-dhanaṃ pariccajitvā āyasmato Sāriputtattherassa santike pabbajitvā sabbaṃ buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇi. Tassa thero bahuso ovaditvā kammaṭṭhānam adāsi, so tena visesaṃ nādhigacchati. Tato thero “buddhaveneyyo eso” ti ñatvā taṃ ādāya Bhagavato santikaṃ gantvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha puggalaṃ aniyametvā “kiṃsīlo” ti pucchi. Ath’assa Bhagavā tato paraṃ abhāsi.

Tattha kiṃsīlo ti kīdisena vārittasīlena samannāgato, kīdisapakatiko vā. Kiṃsamācāro ti kīdisena cārittena yutto. Kāni kammāni brūhayan ti kāni kāyakammādīni vaḍḍhento. Naro sammā niviṭṭh’assā ti abhirato naro sāsane sammā patiṭṭhito bhaveyya. Uttamatthañ ca pāpuṇe ti sabbatthānaṃ uttamaṃ arahattañ ca pāpuṇeyyā ti vuttaṃ hoti.

328

Tato Bhagavā “Sāriputto aḍḍhamāsūpasampanno sāvakapāramippatto, kasmā ādikammika-puthujjana-pañhaṃ pucchatī” ti āvajjento “saddhivihārikaṃ ārabbhā” ti ñatvā pucchāya vuttaṃ cārittasīlaṃ avibhajitvā va tassa sappāyavasena dhammaṃ desento “vuḍḍhāpacāyī” ti ādim āha.

Tattha paññāvuḍḍho guṇavuḍḍho jātivuḍḍho vayovuḍḍho ti cattāro vuḍḍhā. Jātiyā hi daharo pi bahussuto bhikkhu appassuta-mahallaka-bhikkhūnam antare bāhusaccapaññāya vuḍḍhattā paññāvuḍḍho, tassa hi santike mahallakabhikkhū pi buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, ovāda-vinicchaya-pañhavissajjanāni ca paccāsīsanti. Tathā daharo pi bhikkhu adhigama-sampanno guṇavuḍḍho nāma. Tassa hi ovāde patiṭṭhāya mahallakā pi vipassanāgabbhaṃ gahetvā arahattaphalaṃ pāpuṇanti. Tathā daharo pi rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto brāhmaṇo vā sesajanassa vandanārahato jātivuḍḍho nāma. Sabbo pana paṭhamajāto vayovuḍḍho nāma.

Tattha yasmā paññāya Sāriputtattherassa sadiso natthi ṭhapetvā Bhagavantaṃ, tathā guṇena pi aḍḍhamāsena sabbasāvaka-pāramīñāṇassa paṭividdhattā, jātiyā pi so brāhmaṇamahāsālakule uppanno, tasmā tassa bhikkhuno vayena samāno pi so imehi tīhi kāraṇehi vuḍḍho. Imasmiṃ pan’atthe paññāguṇehi eva vuḍḍhabhāvaṃ sandhāya Bhagavā āha “vuḍḍhāpacāyī” ti. Tasmā tādisānaṃ vuḍḍhānaṃ apacitikaraṇena vuḍḍhāpacāyī, tesam eva vuḍḍhānaṃ lābhādīsu usūya-vigamena anusūyako ca siyā ti ayam ādipādassa attho.

Kālaññū c’assā ti ettha pana rāge uppanne tassa vinodanatthāya garūnaṃ dassanaṃ gacchanto pi kālaññū, dose… mohe… kosajje uppanne tassa vinodanatthāya garūnaṃ dassanaṃ gacchanto pi kālaññū, yato evaṃ kālaññū ca assa garūnaṃ dassanāya. Dhammiṃ kathan ti samatha-vipassanā-yuttaṃ. Erayitan ti vuttaṃ. Khaṇaññū ti tassā kathāya khaṇavedī, dullabho vā ayaṃ īdisāya kathāya savanakkhaṇo ti jānanto. Suṇeyya sakkaccā ti taṃ kathaṃ sakkaccaṃ suṇeyya. Na kevalañ ca tam eva, aññāni pi buddhaguṇādi-paṭisaṃyuttāni subhāsitāni sakkaccam eva suṇeyyā ti attho.

329

“Kālaññū c’assa garūnaṃ dassanāyā” ti ettha vuttanayañ ca attano uppanna-rāgādi-vinodana-kālaṃ ñatvā pi garūnaṃ santikaṃ gacchanto kālena gacche garūnaṃ sakāsaṃ, “ahaṃ kammaṭṭhāniko dhutaṅgadharo cā” ti katvā na cetiyavandana-bodhiyaṅgaṇa-bhikkhācāramagga-atimajjhanhika-velādīsu yattha katthaci ṭhitam ācariyaṃ disvā paripucchanatthāya upasaṅkameyya, sakasenāsane pana attano āsane nisinnaṃ vūpasanta-darathaṃ sallakkhetvā kammaṭṭhānādi-vidhi-pucchanatthaṃ upasaṅkameyyā ti attho. Evaṃ upasaṅkamanto pi ca thambhaṃ niraṃkatvā nivātavutti thaddhabhāvakaraṃ mānaṃ vināsetvā nīcavutti pādapuñchanacoḷaka-chinnavisāṇusabha-uddhatadāṭhasappa-sadiso hutvā upasaṅkameyya.

Atha tena garunā vuttaṃ atthaṃ dhammaṃ…pe… samācare ca. Atthan ti bhāsitatthaṃ. Dhamman ti pāḷidhammaṃ. Saṃyaman ti sīlaṃ. Brahmacariyan ti avasesa-sāsana-brahmacariyaṃ. Anussare c’eva samācare cā ti atthaṃ kathitokāse anussareyya, dhammaṃ saṃyamaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kathitokāse anussareyya, anussaraṇamatten’eva ca atussanto taṃ sabbam pi samācare samācareyya samādāya vatteyya, tāsaṃ kathānaṃ attani pavattane ussukkaṃ kareyyā ti attho. Evaṃ karonto hi kiccakaro hoti.

330

Tato parañ ca “dhammārāmo dhammarato dhamme ṭhito dhammavinicchayaññū” bhaveyya. Sabbapadesu c’ettha dhammo ti samathavipassanā, ārāmo ratī ti eko va attho, dhamme ārāmo assā ti dhammārāmo, dhamme rato, na aññaṃ pihetī ti dhammarato. Dhamme ṭhito dhammaṃ vattanato. Dhammavinicchayaṃ jānāti “idaṃ udayañāṇaṃ idaṃ vayañāṇan” ti dhammavinicchayaññū, evarūpo assa.

Atha yāyaṃ rājakathādi-tiracchānakathā taruṇa-vipassakassa bahiddhā-rūpādīsu abhinandanuppādanena taṃ samatha-vipassanā-dhammaṃ sandūseti, tasmā “dhammasandosavādo” ti vuccati, taṃ n’evācare dhamma-sandosa-vādaṃ, aññadatthu āvāsa-gocarādi-sappāyāni sevanto tacchehi nīyetha subhāsitehi. Samatha-vipassanā-paṭisaṃyuttān’ev’ettha tacchāni, tathārūpehi subhāsitehi nīyetha nīyeyya, kālaṃ khepeyyā ti attho.

331

Idāni “dhammasandosavādan” ti ettha atisaṅkhepena vuttaṃ samathavipassanāyuttassa bhikkhuno upakkilesaṃ pākaṭaṃ karonto tadaññena pi upakkilesena saddhiṃ “hassaṃ jappan” ti imaṃ gātham āha.

Hāsan ti pi pāṭho. Vipassakena hi bhikkhunā hasanīyasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ sitamattam eva kātabbaṃ, niratthaka-kathā-jappo na bhāsitabbo, ñātibyasanādīsu paridevo na kātabbo, khāṇukaṇṭakādimhi manopadoso na uppādetabbo. Māyākatan ti vuttā māyā, tividhaṃ kuhanaṃ, paccayesu giddhi, jātiādīhi māno, paccanīka-sātatā-saṅkhāto sārambho, pharusavacana-lakkhaṇaṃ kakkasaṃ, rāgādayo kasāvā, adhimatta-taṇhā-lakkhaṇā mucchā ti ime ca dosā sukhakāmena aṅgārakāsu viya, sucikāmena gūthaṭhānaṃ viya, jīvitukāmena āsivisādayo viya ca pahātabbā. Hitvā ca ārogyamadādi-vigamā vītamadena cittavikkhepābhāvā ṭhitattena caritabbaṃ. Evaṃ paṭipanno hi sabbupakkilesa-parisuddhāya bhāvanāya na cirass’eva arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Tenāha Bhagavā “hassaṃ jappaṃ…pe… ṭhitatto” ti.

332

Idāni yvāyaṃ “hassaṃ jappan” ti ādinā nayena upakkileso vutto, tena samannāgato bhikkhu yasmā sāhaso hoti avīmaṃsakārī, ratto rāgavasena duṭṭho dosavasena gacchati, pamatto ca hoti kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanāya asātaccakārī, tathārūpassa ca “suṇeyya sakkacca subhāsitānī” ti ādinā nayena vutto ovādo niratthako, tasmā imassa saṃkilesassa puggalādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya sutādi-vuddhi-paṭipakkha-bhāvaṃ dassento “viññātasārānī” ti imaṃ gātham āha.

Tass’attho yāni h’etāni samathavipassanā-paṭisaṃyuttāni subhāsitāni, tesaṃ vijānanaṃ sāro. Yadi viññātāni sādhu, atha saddamattam eva gahitaṃ, na kiñci kataṃ hoti. Yena etāni sutamayena ñāṇena viññāyanti, taṃ sutaṃ, etañ ca sutamayañāṇaṃ viññāta-samādhi-sāraṃ, tesu viññātesu dhammesu yo samādhi cittassāvikkhepo tathattāya paṭipatti, ayam assa sāro. Na hi vijānanamatten’eva koci attho sijjhati.

Yo panāyaṃ naro rāgādivasena vattanato sāhaso, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanāya asātaccakāritāya pamatto, so saddamattaggāhī yeva hoti. Tena tassa atthavijānanābhāvato sā subhāsita-vijānana-paññā ca, tathattāya paṭipattiyā abhāvato sutañ ca na vaḍḍhatī ti.

333

Evaṃ pamattānaṃ sattānaṃ paññāparihāniṃ sutaparihāniñ ca dassetvā idāni appamattānaṃ tadubhaya-sārādhigamaṃ dassento āha “dhamme ca ye…pe… sāram ajjhagū” ti.

Tattha ariyappavedito dhammo nāma samathavipassanādhammo. Eko pi hi buddho samathavipassanādhammaṃ adesetvā parinibbuto nāma natthi, tasmā etasmiṃ dhamme ca ye ariyappavedite ratā niratā appamattā sātaccānuyogino, anuttarā te vacasā manasā kammunā ca, te catubbidhena vacīsucaritena tividhena manosucaritena tividhena kāyasucaritena ca samannāgatattā vacasā manasā kammunā ca anuttarā, avasesa-sattehi asamā aggā visiṭṭhā. Ettāvatā saddhiṃ pubbabhāga-sīlena ariyamagga-sampayuttaṃ sīlaṃ dasseti.

Evaṃ parisuddhasīlā “te santisoracca-samādhi-saṇṭhitā, sutassa paññāya ca sāram ajjhagū”, ye ariyappavedite dhamme ratā, te na kevalaṃ vācādīhi anuttarā honti, api ca kho pana santisoracce samādhimhi ca saṇṭhitā hutvā sutassa paññāya ca sāram ajjhagū adhigatā icc eva veditabbā, āsaṃsāyaṃ bhūtavacanaṃ.

Tattha santī ti nibbānaṃ, soraccan ti sundare ratabhāvena yathābhūta-paṭivedhikā paññā, santiyā soraccan ti santisoraccaṃ, nibbānārammaṇāya maggapaññāy’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Samādhī ti taṃsampayutto va maggasamādhi. Saṇṭhitā ti tadubhaye patiṭṭhitā. Sutapaññānaṃ sāraṃ nāma arahattaphalavimutti. Vimuttisārañ hi idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ.

Evam ettha Bhagavā dhammena pubbabhāga-paṭipadaṃ, “anuttarā vacasā” ti ādīhi sīlakkhandhaṃ, santisoracca-samādhīhi paññākkhandha-samādhikkhandhe ti tīhi pi imehi khandhehi aparabhāga-paṭipadañ ca dassetvā sutapaññāsārena akuppavimuttiṃ dassento arahattanikūṭena desanaṃ samāpesi. Desanāpariyosāne ca so bhikkhu sotāpattiphalaṃ patvā puna na cirass’eva aggaphale arahatte patiṭṭhāsī ti.