何戒经注

Kiṃsīlasuttavaṇṇanā

327

Kiṃsīlo ti Kiṃsīlasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Āyasmato Sāriputtassa gihisahāyako eko therasseva pituno vaṅgantabrāhmaṇassa sahāyassa brāhmaṇassa putto saṭṭhikoṭiadhikaṃ pañcasatakoṭidhanaṃ pariccajitvā āyasmato Sāriputtattherassa santike pabbajitvā sabbaṃ buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇi. Tassa thero bahuso ovaditvā kammaṭṭhānamadāsi, so tena visesaṃ nādhigacchati. Tato thero “buddhaveneyyo eso” ti ñatvā taṃ ādāya Bhagavato santikaṃ gantvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha puggalaṃ aniyametvā “kiṃsīlo” ti pucchi. Ath’assa Bhagavā tato paraṃ abhāsi. Tattha kiṃsīlo ti kīdisena vārittasīlena samannāgato, kīdisapakatiko vā. Kiṃsamācāro ti kīdisena cārittena yutto. Kāni kammāni brūhayan ti kāni kāyakammādīni vaḍḍhento. Naro sammā niviṭṭhassā ti abhirato naro sāsane sammā patiṭṭhito bhaveyya. Uttamatthañca pāpuṇe ti sabbatthānaṃ uttamaṃ arahattañca pāpuṇeyyāti vuttaṃ hoti.

328

Tato Bhagavā “Sāriputto aḍḍhamāsūpasampanno sāvakapāramippatto, kasmā ādikammikaputhujjanapañhaṃ pucchatī” ti āvajjento “saddhivihārikaṃ ārabbhā” ti ñatvā pucchāya vuttaṃ cārittasīlaṃ avibhajitvāva tassa sappāyavasena dhammaṃ desento “vuḍḍhāpacāyī” ti ādim āha.

Tattha paññāvuḍḍho, guṇavuḍḍho, jātivuḍḍho, vayovuḍḍhoti cattāro vuḍḍhā. Jātiyā hi daharopi bahussuto bhikkhu appassutamahallakabhikkhūnamantare bāhusaccapaññāya vuḍḍhattā paññāvuḍḍho. Tassa hi santike mahallakabhikkhūpi buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, ovādavinicchayapañhavissajjanāni ca paccāsīsanti. Tathā daharopi bhikkhu adhigamasampanno guṇavuḍḍho nāma. Tassa hi ovāde patiṭṭhāya mahallakāpi vipassanāgabbhaṃ gahetvā arahattaphalaṃ pāpuṇanti. Tathā daharopi rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto brāhmaṇo vā sesajanassa vandanārahato jātivuḍḍho nāma. Sabbo pana paṭhamajāto vayovuḍḍho nāma. Tattha yasmā paññāya Sāriputtattherassa sadiso natthi ṭhapetvā Bhagavantaṃ, tathā guṇenapi aḍḍhamāsena sabbasāvakapāramīñāṇassa paṭividdhattā. Jātiyāpi so brāhmaṇamahāsālakule uppanno, tasmā tassa bhikkhuno vayena samānopi so imehi tīhi kāraṇehi vuḍḍho. Imasmiṃ panatthe paññāguṇehi eva vuḍḍhabhāvaṃ sandhāya Bhagavā āha “vuḍḍhāpacāyī” ti. Tasmā tādisānaṃ vuḍḍhānaṃ apacitikaraṇena vuḍḍhāpacāyī, tesameva vuḍḍhānaṃ lābhādīsu usūyavigamena anusūyako ca siyāti ayamādipādassa attho.

Kālaññū cassā ti ettha pana rāge uppanne tassa vinodanatthāya garūnaṃ dassanaṃ gacchantopi kālaññū, dose… mohe… kosajje uppanne tassa vinodanatthāya garūnaṃ dassanaṃ gacchantopi kālaññū, yato evaṃ kālaññū ca assa garūnaṃ dassanāya. Dhammiṃ kathan ti samathavipassanāyuttaṃ. Erayitan ti vuttaṃ. Khaṇaññū ti tassā kathāya khaṇavedī, dullabho vā ayaṃ īdisāya kathāya savanakkhaṇoti jānanto. Suṇeyya sakkaccā ti taṃ kathaṃ sakkaccaṃ suṇeyya. Na kevalañca tameva, aññānipi buddhaguṇādipaṭisaṃyuttāni subhāsitāni sakkaccameva suṇeyyāti attho.

329

“Kālaññū c’assa garūnaṃ dassanāyā” ti ettha vuttanayañca attano uppannarāgādivinodanakālaṃ ñatvāpi garūnaṃ santikaṃ gacchanto kālena gacche garūnaṃ sakāsaṃ, “ahaṃ kammaṭṭhāniko dhutaṅgadharo cā” ti katvā na cetiyavandanabodhiyaṅgaṇabhikkhācāramaggaatimajjhanhikavelādīsu yattha katthaci ṭhitamācariyaṃ disvā paripucchanatthāya upasaṅkameyya, sakasenāsane pana attano āsane nisinnaṃ vūpasantadarathaṃ sallakkhetvā kammaṭṭhānādividhipucchanatthaṃ upasaṅkameyyāti attho. Evaṃ upasaṅkamantopi ca thambhaṃ niraṃkatvā nivātavutti thaddhabhāvakaraṃ mānaṃ vināsetvā nīcavutti pādapuñchanacoḷakachinnavisāṇusabhauddhatadāṭhasappasadiso hutvā upasaṅkameyya. Atha tena garunā vuttaṃ atthaṃ dhammaṃ…pe… samācare ca. Atthan ti bhāsitatthaṃ. Dhamman ti pāḷidhammaṃ. Saṃyaman ti sīlaṃ. Brahmacariyan ti avasesasāsanabrahmacariyaṃ. Anussare ceva samācare cā ti atthaṃ kathitokāse anussareyya, dhammaṃ saṃyamaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kathitokāse anussareyya, anussaraṇamatteneva ca atussanto taṃ sabbampi samācare samācareyya samādāya vatteyya. Tāsaṃ kathānaṃ attani pavattane ussukkaṃ kareyyāti attho. Evaṃ karonto hi kiccakaro hoti.

330

Tato parañca dhammārāmo dhammarato dhamme ṭhito dhammavinicchayaññū bhaveyya. Sabbapadesu cettha dhammo ti samathavipassanā, ārāmo ratīti ekova attho, dhamme ārāmo assāti dhammārāmo. Dhamme rato, na aññaṃ pihetīti dhammarato. Dhamme ṭhito dhammaṃ vattanato. Dhammavinicchayaṃ jānāti “idaṃ udayañāṇaṃ idaṃ vayañāṇan” ti dhammavinicchayaññū, evarūpo assa. Atha yāyaṃ rājakathāditiracchānakathā taruṇavipassakassa bahiddhārūpādīsu abhinandanuppādanena taṃ samathavipassanādhammaṃ sandūseti, tasmā “dhammasandosavādo” ti vuccati, taṃ nevācare dhammasandosavādaṃ, aññadatthu āvāsagocarādisappāyāni sevanto tacchehi nīyetha subhāsitehi. Samathavipassanāpaṭisaṃyuttānevettha tacchāni, tathārūpehi subhāsitehi nīyetha nīyeyya, kālaṃ khepeyyāti attho.

331

Idāni “dhammasandosavādan” ti ettha atisaṅkhepena vuttaṃ samathavipassanāyuttassa bhikkhuno upakkilesaṃ pākaṭaṃ karonto tadaññenapi upakkilesena saddhiṃ “hassaṃ jappan” ti imaṃ gātham āha. Hāsantipi pāṭho. Vipassakena hi bhikkhunā hasanīyasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ sitamattameva kātabbaṃ, niratthakakathājappo na bhāsitabbo, ñātibyasanādīsu paridevo na kātabbo, khāṇukaṇṭakādimhi manopadoso na uppādetabbo. Māyākatan ti vuttā māyā, tividhaṃ kuhanaṃ, paccayesu giddhi, jātiādīhi māno, paccanīkasātatāsaṅkhāto sārambho, pharusavacanalakkhaṇaṃ kakkasaṃ, rāgādayo kasāvā, adhimattataṇhālakkhaṇā mucchā ti ime ca dosā sukhakāmena aṅgārakāsu viya, sucikāmena gūthaṭhānaṃ viya, jīvitukāmena āsivisādayo viya ca pahātabbā. Hitvā ca ārogyamadādivigamā vītamadena cittavikkhepābhāvā ṭhitattena caritabbaṃ. Evaṃ paṭipanno hi sabbupakkilesaparisuddhāya bhāvanāya na cirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Tenāha Bhagavā “hassaṃ jappaṃ…pe… ṭhitatto” ti.

332

Idāni yvāyaṃ “hassaṃ jappan” ti ādinā nayena upakkileso vutto, tena samannāgato bhikkhu yasmā sāhaso hoti avīmaṃsakārī, ratto rāgavasena duṭṭho dosavasena gacchati, pamatto ca hoti kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanāya asātaccakārī, tathārūpassa ca “suṇeyya sakkacca subhāsitānī” ti ādinā nayena vutto ovādo niratthako, tasmā imassa saṃkilesassa puggalādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya sutādivuddhipaṭipakkhabhāvaṃ dassento “viññātasārānī” ti imaṃ gātham āha.

Tassattho yāni hetāni samathavipassanāpaṭisaṃyuttāni subhāsitāni, tesaṃ vijānanaṃ sāro. Yadi viññātāni sādhu, atha saddamattameva gahitaṃ, na kiñci kataṃ hoti, yena etāni sutamayena ñāṇena viññāyanti, taṃ sutaṃ, etañca sutamayañāṇaṃ viññātasamādhisāraṃ, tesu viññātesu dhammesu yo samādhi cittassāvikkhepo tathattāya paṭipatti, ayamassa sāro. Na hi vijānanamatteneva koci attho sijjhati. Yo panāyaṃ naro rāgādivasena vattanato sāhaso, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanāya asātaccakāritāya pamatto, so saddamattaggāhīyeva hoti. Tena tassa atthavijānanābhāvato sā subhāsitavijānanapaññā ca, tathattāya paṭipattiyā abhāvato sutañca na vaḍḍhatīti.

333

Evaṃ pamattānaṃ sattānaṃ paññāparihāniṃ sutaparihāniñca dassetvā idāni appamattānaṃ tadubhayasārādhigamaṃ dassento āha “dhamme ca ye…pe… sāramajjhagū” ti. Tattha ariyappavedito dhammo nāma samathavipassanādhammo. Ekopi hi buddho samathavipassanādhammaṃ adesetvā parinibbuto nāma natthi. Tasmā etasmiṃ dhamme ca ye ariyappavedite ratā niratā appamattā sātaccānuyogino, anuttarā te vacasā manasā kammunā ca, te catubbidhena vacīsucaritena tividhena manosucaritena tividhena kāyasucaritena ca samannāgatattā vacasā manasā kammunā ca anuttarā, avasesasattehi asamā aggāvisiṭṭhā. Ettāvatā saddhiṃ pubbabhāgasīlena ariyamaggasampayuttaṃ sīlaṃ dasseti. Evaṃ parisuddhasīlā te santisoraccasamādhisaṇṭhitā, sutassa paññāya ca sāramajjhagū, ye ariyappavedite dhamme ratā, te na kevalaṃ vācādīhi anuttarā honti, apica kho pana santisoracce samādhimhi ca saṇṭhitā hutvā sutassa paññāya ca sāramajjhagū adhigatā icceva veditabbā. Āsaṃsāyaṃ bhūtavacanaṃ. Tattha santī ti nibbānaṃ, soraccan ti sundare ratabhāvena yathābhūtapaṭivedhikā paññā, santiyā soraccanti santisoraccaṃ, nibbānārammaṇāya maggapaññāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Samādhī ti taṃsampayuttova maggasamādhi. Saṇṭhitā ti tadubhaye patiṭṭhitā. Sutapaññānaṃ sāraṃ nāma arahattaphalavimutti. Vimuttisārañhi idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ.

Evamettha Bhagavā dhammena pubbabhāgapaṭipadaṃ, “anuttarā vacasā” ti ādīhi sīlakkhandhaṃ, santisoraccasamādhīhi paññākkhandhasamādhikkhandheti tīhipi imehi khandhehi aparabhāgapaṭipadañca dassetvā sutapaññāsārena akuppavimuttiṃ dassento arahattanikūṭena desanaṃ samāpesi. Desanāpariyosāne ca so bhikkhu sotāpattiphalaṃ patvā puna na cirasseva aggaphale arahatte patiṭṭhāsīti.