罗睺罗经注

Rāhulasuttavaṇṇanā

338

Kacci abhiṇhasaṃvāsā ti Rāhulasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Bhagavā sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhitvā Bodhimaṇḍato anupubbena Kapilavatthuṃ gantvā tattha Rāhulakumārena “dāyajjaṃ me samaṇa dehī” ti dāyajjaṃ yācito Sāriputtattheraṃ āṇāpesi “Rāhulakumāraṃ pabbājehī” ti, taṃ sabbaṃ Khandhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (mahāva. aṭṭha. 105) vuttanayen’eva gahetabbaṃ. Evaṃ pabbajitaṃ pana Rāhulakumāraṃ vuḍḍhippattaṃ Sāriputtatthero va upasampādesi, Mahāmoggallānatthero assa kammavācācariyo ahosi. Taṃ Bhagavā “ayaṃ kumāro jātiādisampanno, so jāti-gotta-kula-vaṇṇa-pokkharatādīni nissāya mānaṃ vā madaṃ vā mā akāsī” ti daharakālato pabhuti yāva na ariyabhūmiṃ pāpuṇi, tāva ovadanto abhiṇhaṃ imaṃ suttam abhāsi. Tasmā c’etaṃ suttapariyosāne pi vuttaṃ “itthaṃ sudaṃ Bhagavā āyasmantaṃ Rāhulaṃ imāhi gāthāhi abhiṇhaṃ ovadatī” ti.

Tattha paṭhamagāthāyaṃ ayaṃ saṅkhepattho “kacci tvaṃ, Rāhula, abhiṇhaṃ saṃvāsahetu jātiādīnaṃ aññatarena vatthunā na paribhavasi paṇḍitaṃ, ñāṇapadīpassa dhammadesanāpadīpassa ca dhāraṇato ukkādhāro manussānaṃ kacci apacito tayā, kacci niccaṃ pūjito tayā” ti āyasmantaṃ Sāriputtaṃ sandhāya bhaṇati.

339

Evaṃ vutte āyasmā Rāhulo “nāhaṃ Bhagavā nīcapuriso viya saṃvāsahetu mānaṃ vā madaṃ vā karomī” ti dīpento imaṃ paṭigātham āha “nāhaṃ abhiṇhasaṃvāsā” ti. Sā uttānatthā eva.

340

Tato naṃ Bhagavā uttariṃ ovadanto “pañca kāmaguṇe” ti ādikā avasesagāthāyo āha. Tattha yasmā pañca kāmaguṇā sattānaṃ piyarūpā piyajātikā ativiya sattehi icchitā patthitā, mano ca nesaṃ ramayanti, te c’āyasmā Rāhulo hitvā saddhāya gharā nikkhanto, na rājābhinīto, na corābhinīto, na iṇaṭṭo, na bhayaṭṭo, na jīvikāpakato, tasmā naṃ Bhagavā “pañca kāmaguṇe hitvā, piyarūpe manorame, saddhāya gharā nikkhammā” ti samuttejetvā imassa nekkhammassa patirūpāya paṭipattiyā niyojento āha “dukkhass’antakaro bhavā” ti.

Tattha siyā “nanu c’āyasmā dāyajjaṃ patthento balakkārena pabbājito, atha kasmā Bhagavā āha ‘saddhāya gharā nikkhammā’” ti vuccate nekkhammādhimuttattā. Ayañ hi āyasmā dīgharattaṃ nekkhammādhimutto Padumuttara-sammāsambuddhassa puttaṃ Uparevataṃ nāma sāmaṇeraṃ disvā Saṅkho nāma nāgarājā hutvā satta divase dānaṃ datvā tathābhāvaṃ patthetvā tato pabhuti patthanāsampanno abhinīhārasampanno satasahassakappe pāramiyo pūretvā antimabhavaṃ upapanno. Evaṃ nekkhammādhimuttatañ c’assa Bhagavā jānāti. Tathāgatabalaññatarañ hi etaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tasmā āha “saddhāya gharā nikkhammā” ti. Atha vā dīgharattaṃ saddhā yeva gharā nikkhamma idāni dukkhass’antakaro bhavā ti ayam ettha adhippāyo.

341

Idāni’ssa ādito pabhuti vaṭṭadukkhassa antakiriyāya paṭipattiṃ dassetuṃ “mitte bhajassu kalyāṇe” ti ādim āha. Tattha sīlādīhi adhikā kalyāṇamittā nāma, te bhajanto Himavantaṃ nissāya mahāsālā mūlādīhi viya sīlādīhi vaḍḍhati. Tenāha “mitte bhajassu kalyāṇe” ti. Pantañ ca sayanāsanaṃ, vivittaṃ appanigghosan ti yañ ca sayanāsanaṃ pantaṃ dūraṃ vivittaṃ appākiṇṇaṃ appanigghosaṃ, yattha miga-sūkarādi-saddena araññasaññā uppajjati, tathārūpaṃ sayanāsanañ ca bhajassu. Mattaññū hohi bhojane ti pamāṇaññū hohi, paṭiggahaṇamattaṃ paribhogamattañ ca jānāhī ti attho.

Tattha paṭiggahaṇamattaññunā deyyadhamme pi appe dāyake pi appaṃ dātukāme, appam eva gahetabbaṃ, deyyadhamme appe dāyake pana bahuṃ dātukāme pi, appam eva gahetabbaṃ, deyyadhamme pana bahutare dāyake pi appaṃ dātukāme, appam eva gahetabbaṃ, deyyadhamme pi bahutare dāyake pi bahuṃ dātukāme, attano balaṃ jānitvā gahetabbaṃ, api ca mattā yeva vaṇṇitā Bhagavatā ti. Paribhogamattaññunā puttamaṃsaṃ viya akkhabbhañjanam iva ca yoniso manasi karitvā bhojanaṃ paribhuñjitabban ti.

342

Evam imāya gāthāya brahmacariyassa upakārabhūtāya kalyāṇamitta-sevanāya niyojetvā senāsana-bhojana-mukhena ca paccaya-paribhoga-pārisuddhisīle samādapetvā idāni yasmā cīvarādīsu taṇhāya micchā-ājīvo hoti, tasmā taṃ paṭisedhetvā ājīvapārisuddhisīle samādapento “cīvare piṇḍapāte cā” ti imaṃ gātham āha.

Tattha paccaye ti gilānappaccaye. Etesū ti etesu catūsu cīvarādīsu bhikkhūnaṃ taṇhuppādavatthūsu. Taṇhaṃ mākāsī ti “hirikopīna-paṭicchādanādi-attham eva te cattāro paccayā niccāturānaṃ purisānaṃ paṭikārabhūtā jajjaragharass’ev’imassa atidubbalassa kāyassa upatthambhabhūtā” ti ādinā nayena ādīnavaṃ passanto taṇhaṃ mā janesi, ajanento anuppādento viharāhī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Kiṃ kāraṇaṃ? Mā lokaṃ punar āgami. Etesu hi taṇhaṃ karonto taṇhāya ākaḍḍhiyamāno puna pi imaṃ lokaṃ āgacchati. So tvaṃ etesu taṇhaṃ mākāsi, evaṃ sante na puna imaṃ lokaṃ āgamissasī ti.

Evaṃ vutte āyasmā Rāhulo “cīvare taṇhaṃ mākāsī ti maṃ Bhagavā āhā” ti cīvarapaṭisaṃyuttāni dve dhutaṅgāni samādiyi paṃsukūlikaṅgañ ca tecīvarikaṅgañ ca. “Piṇḍapāte taṇhaṃ mākāsī ti maṃ Bhagavā āhā” ti piṇḍapātapaṭisaṃyuttāni pañca dhutaṅgāni samādiyi piṇḍapātikaṅgaṃ, sapadānacārikaṅgaṃ, ekāsanikaṅgaṃ, pattapiṇḍikaṅgaṃ, khalupacchābhattikaṅgan ti. “Senāsane taṇhaṃ mākāsī ti maṃ Bhagavā āhā” ti senāsanapaṭisaṃyuttāni cha dhutaṅgāni samādiyi āraññikaṅgaṃ, abbhokāsikaṅgaṃ, rukkhamūlikaṅgaṃ, yathāsanthatikaṅgaṃ, sosānikaṅgaṃ, nesajjikaṅgan ti. “Gilānappaccaye taṇhaṃ mākāsī ti maṃ Bhagavā āhā” ti sabbappaccayesu yathālābhaṃ yathābalaṃ yathāsāruppan ti tīhi santosehi santuṭṭho ahosi, yathā taṃ subbaco kulaputto padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsanin ti.

343

Evaṃ Bhagavā āyasmantaṃ Rāhulaṃ ājīvapārisuddhisīle samādapetvā idāni avasesasīle samathavipassanāsu ca samādapetuṃ “saṃvuto pātimokkhasmin” ti ādim āha. Tattha saṃvuto pātimokkhasmin ti ettha bhavassū ti pāṭhaseso, bhavā ti antimapadena vā sambandho veditabbo, tathā dutiyapade. Evam etehi dvīhi vacanehi pātimokkhasaṃvarasīle, indriyasaṃvarasīle ca samādapesi. Pākaṭavasena c’ettha pañcindriyāni vuttāni, lakkhaṇato pana chaṭṭham pi vuttaṃ yeva hotī ti veditabbaṃ.

Sati kāyagatā tyatthū ti evaṃ catupārisuddhisīle patiṭṭhitassa tuyhaṃ catudhātuvavatthāna-catubbidhasampajaññānāpānassati-āhārepaṭikūlasaññā-bhāvanādi-bhedā kāyagatā sati atthu bhavatu, bhāvehi nan ti attho. Nibbidābahulo bhavā ti saṃsāravaṭṭe ukkaṇṭhanabahulo sabbaloke anabhiratasaññī hohī ti attho.

344

Ettāvatā nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ upacārabhūmiṃ dassetvā idāni appanābhūmiṃ dassento “nimittaṃ parivajjehī” ti ādim āha. Tattha nimittan ti rāgaṭṭhāniyaṃ subhanimittaṃ. Ten’eva naṃ parato visesento āha “subhaṃ rāgūpasañhitan” ti. Parivajjehī ti amanasikārena pariccajāhi. Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehī ti yathā saviññāṇake aviññāṇake vā kāye asubhabhāvanā sampajjati, evaṃ cittaṃ bhāvehi. Ekaggaṃ susamāhitan ti upacārasamādhinā ekaggaṃ, appanāsamādhinā susamāhitaṃ. Yathā te īdisaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tathā naṃ bhāvehī ti attho.

345

Evam assa appanābhūmiṃ dassetvā vipassanaṃ dassento “animittan” ti ādim āha. Tattha animittañ ca bhāvehī ti evaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyena samādhinā samāhitacitto vipassanaṃ bhāvehī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Vipassanā hi “aniccānupassanāñāṇaṃ niccanimittato vimuccatī ti animitto vimokkho” ti ādinā nayena rāganimittādīnaṃ vā aggahaṇena animittavohāraṃ labhati. Yathāha

“So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, sabbanimittānaṃ amanasikārā animittaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Tassa mayhaṃ, āvuso, iminā vihārena viharato nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hotī” ti (saṃ. ni. 4.340)

Mānānusayam ujjahā ti imāya animittabhāvanāya aniccasaññaṃ paṭilabhitvā

“Aniccasaññino, Meghiya, anattasaññā saṇṭhāti, anattasaññī asmimānasamugghātaṃ pāpuṇātī” ti (a. ni. 9.3; udā. 31)

evamādinā anukkamena mānānusayaṃ ujjaha pajaha pariccajāhī ti attho. Tato mānābhisamayā, upasanto carissasī ti ath’evaṃ ariyamaggena mānassa abhisamayā khayā vayā pahānā paṭinissaggā upasanto nibbuto sītibhūto sabba-daratha-pariḷāha-virahito yāva anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāsi, tāva suññatānimittāppaṇihitānaṃ aññataraññatarena phalasamāpattivihārena carissasi viharissasī ti arahattanikūṭena desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.

Tato paraṃ “itthaṃ sudaṃ Bhagavā” ti ādi saṅgītikārakānaṃ vacanaṃ. Tattha itthaṃ sudan ti itthaṃ su idaṃ, evam evā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesam ettha uttānattham eva. Evaṃ ovadiyamāno c’āyasmā Rāhulo paripākagatesu vimutti-paripācaniyesu dhammesu Cūḷa-Rāhulovādasutta-pariyosāne anekehi devatāsahassehi saddhiṃ arahatte patiṭṭhāsī ti.