摩伽经注

Māghasuttavaṇṇanā

Evaṃ me sutan ti Māghasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Ayameva yāssa nidāne vuttā. Ayañ hi māgho māṇavo dāyako ahosi dānapati. Tassetad ahosi “sampattakapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ dānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti, udāhu noti samaṇaṃ Gotamaṃ etam atthaṃ pucchissāmi, samaṇo kira Gotamo atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ jānātī” ti. So Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi. Bhagavā c’assa pucchānurūpaṃ byākāsi. Tayidaṃ saṅgītikārānaṃ brāhmaṇassa Bhagavatoti tiṇṇampi vacanaṃ samodhānetvā “māghasuttan” ti vuccati.

Tattha rājagahe ti evaṃnāmake nagare. Tañhi mandhātumahāgovindādīhi pariggahitattā “rājagahan” ti vuccati. Aññepettha pakāre vaṇṇayanti. Kiṃ tehi, nāmametaṃ tassa nagarassa? Taṃ panetaṃ buddhakāle ca cakkavattikāle ca nagaraṃ hoti, sesakāle suññaṃ hoti yakkhapariggahitaṃ, tesaṃ vasantavanaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ gocaragāmaṃ dassetvā nivāsaṭṭhānamāha “gijjhakūṭe pabbate” ti. So ca gijjhā tassa kūṭesu vasiṃsu, gijjhasadisāni vāssa kūṭāni, tasmā “gijjhakūṭo” ti vuccatīti veditabbo.

Atha kho…pe… avocā ti ettha māgho ti tassa brāhmaṇassa nāmaṃ. Māṇavo ti antevāsivāsaṃ anatītabhāvena vuccati, jātiyā pana mahallako. “Pubbāciṇṇavasenā” ti eke piṅgiyo māṇavo viya. So hi vīsavassasatikopi pubbāciṇṇavasena “piṅgiyo māṇavo” tveva saṅkhaṃ agamāsi. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Ahañhi, bho Gotama…pe… pasavāmī ti ettha dāyako dānapatī ti dāyako ceva dānapati ca. Yo hi aññassa santakaṃ tenāṇatto deti, sopi dāyako hoti, tasmiṃ pana dāne issariyābhāvato na dānapati. Ayaṃ pana attano santakaṃyeva deti. Tenāha “ahañhi, bho Gotama, dāyako dānapatī” ti. Ayameva hi ettha attho, aññatra pana antarantarā maccherena abhibhuyyamāno dāyako anabhibhūto dānapatīti ādināpi nayena vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Vadaññū ti yācakānaṃ vacanaṃ jānāmi vuttamatteyeva “ayamidamarahati ayamidan” ti purisavisesāvadhāraṇena bahūpakārabhāvagahaṇena vā. Yācayogo ti yācituṃ yutto. Yo hi yācake disvāva bhakuṭiṃ katvā pharusavacanādīni bhaṇati, so na yācayogo hoti. Ahaṃ pana na tādisoti dīpeti. Dhammenā ti adinnādānanikativañcanādīni vajjetvā bhikkhācariyāya, yācanāyāti attho. Yācanā hi brāhmaṇānaṃ bhogapariyesane dhammo, yācamānānañca nesaṃ parehi anuggahakāmehi dinnā bhogā dhammaladdhā nāma dhammādhigatā ca honti, so ca tathā pariyesitvā labhi. Tenāha “dhammena bhoge pariyesāmi…pe… dhammādhigatehī” ti. Bhiyyopi dadāmī ti tato uttaripi dadāmi, pamāṇaṃ natthi, ettha laddhabhogappamāṇena dadāmīti dasseti.

Tagghā ti ekaṃsavacane nipāto. Ekaṃseneva hi sabbabuddhapaccekabuddhasāvakehi pasatthaṃ dānaṃ antamaso tiracchānagatānampi dīyamānaṃ. Vuttañcetaṃ “sabbattha vaṇṇitaṃ dānaṃ, na dānaṃ garahitaṃ kvacī” ti. Tasmā Bhagavāpi ekaṃseneva taṃ pasaṃsanto āha “taggha tvaṃ māṇava…pe… pasavasī” ti. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva. Evaṃ Bhagavatā “bahuṃ so puññaṃ pasavatī” ti vuttepi dakkhiṇeyyato dakkhiṇāvisuddhiṃ sotukāmo brāhmaṇo uttari Bhagavantaṃ pucchi. Tenāhu saṅgītikārā “atha kho māgho māṇavo Bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsī” ti. Taṃ atthato vuttanayameva.

492

Pucchāmahan ti ādigāthāsu pana vadaññun ti vacanaviduṃ, sabbākārena sattānaṃ vuttavacanādhippāyaññunti vuttaṃ hoti. Sujjhe ti dakkhiṇeyyavasena suddhaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhaveyya. Yojanā pan’ettha yo yācayogo dānapati gahaṭṭho puññatthiko hutvā paresaṃ annapānaṃ dadaṃ yajati, na aggimhi āhutimattaṃ pakkhipanto, tañca kho puññapekkhova na paccupakārakalyāṇakittisaddādiapekkho, tassa evarūpassa yajamānassa hutaṃ kathaṃ sujjheyyāti?

493

Ārādhaye dakkhiṇeyyebhi tādī ti tādiso yācayogo dakkhiṇeyyehi ārādhaye sampādaye sodhaye, mahapphalaṃ taṃ hutaṃ kareyya, na aññathāti attho. Imināssa “kathaṃ hutaṃ yajamānassa sujjhe” icc-etaṃ byākataṃ hoti.

494

Akkhāhi me Bhagavā dakkhiṇeyye ti ettha yo yācayogo dadaṃ paresaṃ yajati, tassa me Bhagavā dakkhiṇeyye akkhāhīti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā.

495

Ath’assa Bhagavā nānappakārehi nayehi dakkhiṇeyye pakāsento “ye ve asattā” ti ādikā gāthāyo abhāsi. Tattha asattā ti rāgādisaṅgavasena alaggā. Kevalino ti pariniṭṭhitakiccā. Yatattā ti guttacittā.

496-7

Dantā anuttarena damathena, vimuttā paññācetovimuttīhi, anīghā āyatiṃ vaṭṭadukkhābhāvena, nirāsā sampati kilesābhāvena. Imissā pana gāthāya dutiyagāthā bhāvanānubhāvappakāsananayena vuttā ti veditabbā. “Bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya ‘aho vata me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti (a. ni. 7.71), atha khvāssa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccatī” ti idaṃ cettha suttaṃ sādhakaṃ.

498-502

Rāgañca…pe… yesu na māyā…pe… na taṇhāsu upātipannā ti kāmataṇhādīsu nādhimuttā. Vitareyyā ti vitaritvā. Taṇhā ti rūpataṇhādichabbidhā. Bhavābhavāyā ti sassatāya vā ucchedāya vā. Atha vā bhavassa abhavāya bhavābhavāya, punabbhavābhinibbattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Idha vā huraṃ vā ti idaṃ pana “kuhiñci loke” ti imassa vitthāravacanaṃ.

504

Ye vītarāgā…pe… samitāvino ti samitavanto, kilesavūpasamakārinoti attho. Samitāvitattā ca vītarāgā akopā. Idha vippahāyā ti idhaloke vattamāne khandhe vihāya, tato paraṃ yesaṃ gamanaṃ natthīti vuttaṃ hoti. Ito paraṃ “ye kāme hitvā agahā caranti, susaññatattā tasaraṃva ujjun” ti imam pi gāthaṃ keci paṭhanti.

506-8

Jahitvā ti hitvā. “Jahitvānā” ti pi pāṭho, ayamevattho. Attadīpā ti attano guṇe eva attano dīpaṃ katvā vicarantā khīṇāsavā vuccanti. Ye hetthā ti hakāro nipāto padapūraṇamatte. Ayaṃ panattho ye ettha khandhāyatanādisantāne yathā idaṃ khandhāyatanādi tathā jānanti, yaṃsabhāvaṃ taṃsabhāvaṃyeva sañjānanti aniccādivasena jānantā. Ayamantimā natthi punabbhavo ti ayaṃ no antimā jāti, idāni natthi punabbhavoti evañca ye jānantīti.

509

Yo vedagū ti idāni attānaṃ sandhāya Bhagavā imaṃ gātham āha. Tattha satimā ti chasatatavihārasatiyā samannāgato. Sambodhipatto ti sabbaññutaṃ patto. Saraṇaṃ bahūnan ti bahūnaṃ devamanussānaṃ bhayavihiṃsanena saraṇabhūto.

510

Evaṃ dakkhiṇeyye sutvā attamano brāhmaṇo āha “addhā amoghā” ti. Tattha tvañhettha jānāsi yathā tathā idan ti tvañhi ettha loke idaṃ sabbampi ñeyyaṃ yathā tathā jānāsi yāthāvato jānāsi, yādisaṃ taṃ tādisameva jānāsīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo ti tathā hi te esā dhammadhātu suppaṭividdhā, yassā suppaṭividdhatā yaṃ yaṃ icchasi, taṃ taṃ jānāsīti adhippāyo.

511

Evaṃ so brāhmaṇo Bhagavantaṃ pasaṃsitvā dakkhiṇeyyasampadāya yaññasampadaṃ ñatvā dāyakasampadāyapi taṃ chaḷaṅgaparipūraṃ yaññasampadaṃ sotukāmo “yo yācayogo” ti uttaripañhaṃ pucchi. Tatrāyaṃ yojanā yo yācayogo dadaṃ paresaṃ yajati, tassa akkhāhi me Bhagavā yaññasampadanti.

512

Ath’assa Bhagavā dvīhi gāthāhi akkhāsi. Tatthāyaṃ atthayojanā yajassu māgha, yajamāno ca sabbattha vippasādehi cittaṃ, tīsupi kālesu cittaṃ pasādehi. Evaṃ te yāyaṃ

“Pubbeva dānā sumano, dadaṃ cittaṃ pasādaye,
Datvā attamano hoti, esā yaññassa sampadā” ti. (a. ni. 6.37, pe. va. 305)

Yaññasampadā vuttā, tāya sampanno yañño bhavissati. Tattha siyā “kathaṃ cittaṃ pasādetabban” ti? Dosappahānena. Kathaṃ dosappahānaṃ hoti? Yaññārammaṇatāya. Ayañ hi ārammaṇaṃ yajamānassa yañño ettha patiṭṭhāya jahāti dosaṃ, ayañhi sattesu mettāpubbaṅgamena sammādiṭṭhipadīpavihatamohandhakārena cittena yajamānassa deyyadhammasaṅkhāto yañño ārammaṇaṃ hoti, so ettha yaññe ārammaṇavasena pavattiyā patiṭṭhāya deyyadhammapaccayaṃ lobhaṃ, paṭiggāhakapaccayaṃ kodhaṃ, tadubhayanidānaṃ mohanti evaṃ tividhampi jahāti dosaṃ. So evaṃ bhogesu vītarāgo, sattesu ca pavineyya dosaṃ tappahāneneva pahīnapañcanīvaraṇo anukkamena upacārappanābhedaṃ aparimāṇasattapharaṇena ekasatte vā anavasesapharaṇena appamāṇaṃ mettaṃ cittaṃ bhāvento puna bhāvanāvepullatthaṃ, rattindivaṃ satataṃ sabbairiyāpathesu appamatto hutvā tameva mettajjhānasaṅkhātaṃ sabbā disā pharate appamaññan ti.

514

Atha brāhmaṇo taṃ mettaṃ “brahmalokamaggo ayan” ti ajānanto kevalaṃ attano visayātītaṃ mettābhāvanaṃ sutvā suṭṭhutaraṃ sañjātasabbaññusambhāvano Bhagavati attanā brahmalokādhimuttattā brahmalokūpapattimeva ca suddhiṃ muttiñca maññamāno brahmalokamaggaṃ pucchanto “ko sujjhatī” ti gātham āha. Tatra ca brahmalokagāmiṃ puññaṃ karontaṃ sandhāyāha “ko sujjhati muccatī” ti, akarontaṃ sandhāya “bajjhatī cā” ti. Kenattanā ti kena kāraṇena. Sakkhi brahmajjadiṭṭho ti brahmā ajja sakkhi diṭṭho. Saccan ti Bhagavato brahmasamattaṃ ārabbha accādarena sapathaṃ karoti. Kathaṃ upapajjatī ti accādareneva punapi pucchati. Jutimā ti Bhagavantaṃ ālapati.

Tattha yasmā yo bhikkhu mettāya tikacatukkajjhānaṃ uppādetvā tameva pādakaṃ katvā vipassanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, so sujjhati muccati ca, tathārūpo ca brahmalokaṃ na gacchati. Yo pana mettāya tikacatukkajjhānaṃ uppādetvā “santā esā samāpattī” ti ādinā nayena taṃ assādeti, so bajjhati. Aparihīnajjhāno ca teneva jhānena brahmalokaṃ gacchati, tasmā Bhagavā yo sujjhati muccati ca, tassa brahmalokagamanaṃ ananujānanto anāmasitvāva taṃ puggalaṃ yo bajjhati. Tassa tena jhānena brahmalokagamanaṃ dassento brāhmaṇassa sappāyena nayena “yo yajatī” ti imaṃ gātham āha.

515

Tattha tividhan ti tikālappasādaṃ sandhāyāha. Tena dāyakato aṅgattayaṃ dasseti. Ārādhaye dakkhiṇeyyebhi tādī ti tañca so tādiso tividhasampattisādhako puggalo tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ dakkhiṇeyyehi khīṇāsavehi sādheyya sampādeyya. Iminā paṭiggāhakato aṅgattayaṃ dasseti. Evaṃ yajitvā sammā yācayogo ti evaṃ mettajjhānapadaṭṭhānabhāvena chaḷaṅgasamannāgataṃ yaññaṃ sammā yajitvā so yācayogo tena chaḷaṅgayaññūpanissayena mettajjhānena upapajjati brahmalokanti brūmī ti brāhmaṇaṃ samussāhento desanaṃ samāpesi. Sesaṃ sabbagāthāsu uttānatthameva. Ito parañca pubbe vuttanayamevāti.