摩伽经注

Evaṃ me sutan ti Māghasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Ayam eva yāssa nidāne vuttā. Ayañ hi Māgho māṇavo dāyako ahosi dānapati, tass’etad ahosi “sampatta-kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ dānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti, udāhu no ti samaṇaṃ Gotamaṃ etam atthaṃ pucchissāmi, samaṇo kira Gotamo atītānāgata-paccuppannaṃ jānātī” ti. So Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi. Bhagavā c’assa pucchānurūpaṃ byākāsi. Tayidaṃ saṅgītikārānaṃ brāhmaṇassa Bhagavato ti tiṇṇam pi vacanaṃ samodhānetvā “Māghasuttan” ti vuccati.

Tattha Rājagahe ti evaṃnāmake nagare. Tañ hi Mandhātu-Mahāgovindādīhi pariggahitattā “Rājagahan” ti vuccati. Aññe p’ettha pakāre vaṇṇayanti, kiṃ tehi, nāmam etaṃ tassa nagarassa. Taṃ pan’etaṃ buddhakāle ca cakkavattikāle ca nagaraṃ hoti, sesakāle suññaṃ hoti yakkhapariggahitaṃ, tesaṃ vasantavanaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ gocaragāmaṃ dassetvā nivāsaṭṭhānam āha “Gijjhakūṭe pabbate” ti. So ca gijjhā tassa kūṭesu vasiṃsu, gijjhasadisāni vāssa kūṭāni, tasmā “Gijjhakūṭo” ti vuccatī ti veditabbo.

Atha kho…pe… avocā ti ettha Māgho ti tassa brāhmaṇassa nāmaṃ. Māṇavo ti antevāsivāsaṃ anatītabhāvena vuccati, jātiyā pana mahallako, “pubbāciṇṇavasenā” ti eke Piṅgiyo māṇavo viya. So hi vīsavassasatiko pi pubbāciṇṇavasena “Piṅgiyo māṇavo” tv eva saṅkhaṃ agamāsi. Sesaṃ vuttanayam eva.

Ahañ hi, bho Gotama…pe… pasavāmī ti ettha dāyako dānapatī ti dāyako c’eva dānapati ca. Yo hi aññassa santakaṃ ten’āṇatto deti, so pi dāyako hoti, tasmiṃ pana dāne issariyābhāvato na dānapati, ayaṃ pana attano santakaṃ yeva deti, tenāha “ahañ hi, bho Gotama, dāyako dānapatī” ti. Ayam eva hi ettha attho, aññatra pana antarantarā maccherena abhibhuyyamāno dāyako anabhibhūto dānapatī ti ādinā pi nayena vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Vadaññū ti yācakānaṃ vacanaṃ jānāmi vuttamatte yeva “ayam idam arahati ayam idan” ti purisavisesāvadhāraṇena bahūpakārabhāvagahaṇena vā. Yācayogo ti yācituṃ yutto. Yo hi yācake disvā va bhakuṭiṃ katvā pharusavacanādīni bhaṇati, so na yācayogo hoti, ahaṃ pana na tādiso ti dīpeti.

Dhammenā ti adinnādāna-nikati-vañcanādīni vajjetvā bhikkhācariyāya, yācanāyā ti attho. Yācanā hi brāhmaṇānaṃ bhogapariyesane dhammo, yācamānānañ ca nesaṃ parehi anuggahakāmehi dinnā bhogā dhammaladdhā nāma dhammādhigatā ca honti, so ca tathā pariyesitvā labhi, tenāha “dhammena bhoge pariyesāmi…pe… dhammādhigatehī” ti. Bhiyyo pi dadāmī ti tato uttari pi dadāmi, pamāṇaṃ natthi, ettha laddhabhoga-ppamāṇena dadāmī ti dasseti.

Tagghā ti ekaṃsavacane nipāto. Ekaṃsen’eva hi sabba-buddha-paccekabuddha-sāvakehi pasatthaṃ dānaṃ antamaso tiracchānagatānam pi dīyamānaṃ. Vuttañ c’etaṃ

“Sabbattha vaṇṇitaṃ dānaṃ, na dānaṃ garahitaṃ kvacī” ti

tasmā Bhagavā pi ekaṃsen’eva taṃ pasaṃsanto āha “taggha tvaṃ māṇava…pe… pasavasī” ti. Sesaṃ uttānattham eva.

Evaṃ Bhagavatā “bahuṃ so puññaṃ pasavatī” ti vutte pi dakkhiṇeyyato dakkhiṇāvisuddhiṃ sotukāmo brāhmaṇo uttari Bhagavantaṃ pucchi, tenāhu saṅgītikārā “atha kho Māgho māṇavo Bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsī” ti. Taṃ atthato vuttanayam eva.

492

Pucchām’ahan ti ādigāthāsu pana vadaññun ti vacanaviduṃ, sabbākārena sattānaṃ vutta-vacanādhippāyaññun ti vuttaṃ hoti. Sujjhe ti dakkhiṇeyyavasena suddhaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhaveyya. Yojanā pan’ettha yo yācayogo dānapati gahaṭṭho puññatthiko hutvā paresaṃ annapānaṃ dadaṃ yajati, na aggimhi āhutimattaṃ pakkhipanto, tañ ca kho puññapekkho va na paccupakāra-kalyāṇa-kittisaddādi-apekkho, tassa evarūpassa yajamānassa hutaṃ kathaṃ sujjheyyā ti?

493

Ārādhaye dakkhiṇeyyebhi tādī ti tādiso yācayogo dakkhiṇeyyehi ārādhaye sampādaye sodhaye, mahapphalaṃ taṃ hutaṃ kareyya, na aññathā ti attho. Imināssa “kathaṃ hutaṃ yajamānassa sujjhe” icc etaṃ byākataṃ hoti.

494

Akkhāhi me Bhagavā dakkhiṇeyye ti ettha yo yācayogo dadaṃ paresaṃ yajati, tassa me Bhagavā dakkhiṇeyye akkhāhī ti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā.

495

Ath’assa Bhagavā nānappakārehi nayehi dakkhiṇeyye pakāsento “ye ve asattā” ti ādikā gāthāyo abhāsi. Tattha asattā ti rāgādi-saṅga-vasena alaggā. Kevalino ti pariniṭṭhitakiccā. Yatattā ti guttacittā.

496

Dantā anuttarena damathena, vimuttā paññācetovimuttīhi, anīghā āyatiṃ vaṭṭadukkhābhāvena, nirāsā sampati kilesābhāvena.

497

Imissā pana gāthāya dutiyagāthā bhāvanānubhāva-ppakāsana-nayena vuttā ti veditabbā.

“Bhāvanānuyogam anuyuttassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya ‘aho vata me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ ti atha khvāssa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccatī” ti (a. ni. 7.71)

idaṃ c’ettha suttaṃ sādhakaṃ.

498

Rāgañ ca…pe… yesu na māyā…pe… na taṇhāsu upātipannā ti kāmataṇhādīsu nādhimuttā.

501

Vitareyyā ti vitaritvā.

502

Taṇhā ti rūpataṇhādi-chabbidhā. Bhavābhavāyā ti sassatāya vā ucchedāya vā. Atha vā bhavassa abhavāya bhavābhavāya, punabbhavābhinibbattiyā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Idha vā huraṃ vā ti idaṃ pana “kuhiñci loke” ti imassa vitthāravacanaṃ.

505

Ye vītarāgā…pe… samitāvino ti samitavanto, kilesa-vūpasama-kārino ti attho. Samitāvitattā ca vītarāgā akopā. Idha vippahāyā ti idhaloke vattamāne khandhe vihāya, tato paraṃ yesaṃ gamanaṃ natthī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Ito paraṃ “ye kāme hitvā agahā caranti, susaññatattā tasaraṃ va ujjun” ti imam pi gāthaṃ keci paṭhanti.

506

Jahitvā ti hitvā. “Jahitvānā” ti pi pāṭho, ayam ev’attho.

507

Attadīpā ti attano guṇe eva attano dīpaṃ katvā vicarantā khīṇāsavā vuccanti.

508

Ye h’etthā ti hakāro nipāto padapūraṇamatte. Ayaṃ pan’attho ye ettha khandhāyatanādi-santāne yathā idaṃ khandhāyatanādi tathā jānanti, yaṃsabhāvaṃ taṃsabhāvaṃ yeva sañjānanti, aniccādivasena jānantā ayam antimā natthi punabbhavo ti ayaṃ no antimā jāti, idāni natthi punabbhavo ti evañ ca ye jānantī ti.

509

Yo vedagū ti idāni attānaṃ sandhāya Bhagavā imaṃ gātham āha. Tattha satimā ti cha-satata-vihāra-satiyā samannāgato. Sambodhipatto ti sabbaññutaṃ patto. Saraṇaṃ bahūnan ti bahūnaṃ devamanussānaṃ bhaya-vihiṃsanena saraṇabhūto.

510

Evaṃ dakkhiṇeyye sutvā attamano brāhmaṇo āha “addhā amoghā” ti. Tattha tvañ h’ettha jānāsi yathā tathā idan ti tvañ hi ettha loke idaṃ sabbam pi ñeyyaṃ yathā tathā jānāsi yāthāvato jānāsi, yādisaṃ taṃ tādisam eva jānāsī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo ti tathā hi te esā dhammadhātu suppaṭividdhā, yassā suppaṭividdhatā, yaṃ yaṃ icchasi, taṃ taṃ jānāsī ti adhippāyo.

511

Evaṃ so brāhmaṇo Bhagavantaṃ pasaṃsitvā dakkhiṇeyyasampadāya yaññasampadaṃ ñatvā dāyakasampadāya pi taṃ chaḷaṅgaparipūraṃ yaññasampadaṃ sotukāmo “yo yācayogo” ti uttaripañhaṃ pucchi. Tatrāyaṃ yojanā yo yācayogo dadaṃ paresaṃ yajati, tassa akkhāhi me Bhagavā yaññasampadan ti.

512

Ath’assa Bhagavā dvīhi gāthāhi akkhāsi. Tatthāyaṃ atthayojanā yajassu Māgha, yajamāno ca sabbattha vippasādehi cittaṃ, tīsu pi kālesu cittaṃ pasādehi. Evaṃ te yāyaṃ

“Pubbe va dānā sumano, dadaṃ cittaṃ pasādaye,
datvā attamano hoti, esā yaññassa sampadā” ti. (a. ni. 6.37; pe. va. 305)

yaññasampadā vuttā, tāya sampanno yañño bhavissati. Tattha siyā “kathaṃ cittaṃ pasādetabban” ti? Dosappahānena. Kathaṃ dosappahānaṃ hoti? Yaññārammaṇatāya.

Ayañ hi ārammaṇaṃ yajamānassa yañño ettha patiṭṭhāya jahāti dosaṃ, ayañ hi sattesu mettāpubbaṅgamena sammādiṭṭhi-padīpa-vihata-mohandhakārena cittena yajamānassa deyyadhamma-saṅkhāto yañño ārammaṇaṃ hoti, so ettha yaññe ārammaṇavasena pavattiyā patiṭṭhāya deyyadhamma-paccayaṃ lobhaṃ, paṭiggāhaka-paccayaṃ kodhaṃ, tadubhaya-nidānaṃ mohan ti evaṃ tividham pi jahāti dosaṃ.

513

So evaṃ bhogesu vītarāgo, sattesu ca pavineyya dosaṃ tappahānen’eva pahīna-pañca-nīvaraṇo anukkamena upacārappanā-bhedaṃ aparimāṇa-satta-pharaṇena ekasatte vā anavasesa-pharaṇena appamāṇaṃ mettaṃ cittaṃ bhāvento, puna bhāvanā-vepullatthaṃ rattindivaṃ satataṃ sabba-iriyāpathesu appamatto hutvā tam eva mettajjhāna-saṅkhātaṃ sabbā disā pharate appamaññan ti.

514

Atha brāhmaṇo taṃ mettaṃ “brahmalokamaggo ayan” ti ajānanto kevalaṃ attano visayātītaṃ mettābhāvanaṃ sutvā suṭṭhutaraṃ sañjāta-sabbaññu-sambhāvano Bhagavati attanā brahmalokādhimuttattā brahmalokūpapattim eva ca suddhiṃ muttiñ ca maññamāno brahmalokamaggaṃ pucchanto “ko sujjhatī” ti gātham āha.

Tatra ca brahmalokagāmiṃ puññaṃ karontaṃ sandhāyāha “ko sujjhati muccatī” ti, akarontaṃ sandhāya “bajjhatī cā” ti. Ken’attanā ti kena kāraṇena. Sakkhi brahm’ajja diṭṭho ti brahmā ajja sakkhi diṭṭho. Saccan ti Bhagavato brahmasamattaṃ ārabbha accādarena sapathaṃ karoti. Kathaṃ upapajjatī ti accādaren’eva puna pi pucchati. Jutimā ti Bhagavantaṃ ālapati.

515

Tattha yasmā yo bhikkhu mettāya tika-catukka-jjhānaṃ uppādetvā tam eva pādakaṃ katvā vipassanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, so sujjhati muccati ca, tathārūpo ca brahmalokaṃ na gacchati. Yo pana mettāya tika-catukka-jjhānaṃ uppādetvā “santā esā samāpattī” ti ādinā nayena taṃ assādeti, so bajjhati, aparihīnajjhāno ca ten’eva jhānena brahmalokaṃ gacchati. Tasmā Bhagavā yo sujjhati muccati ca tassa brahmaloka-gamanaṃ ananujānanto anāmasitvā va taṃ puggalaṃ, yo bajjhati tassa tena jhānena brahmaloka-gamanaṃ dassento brāhmaṇassa sappāyena nayena “yo yajatī” ti imaṃ gātham āha.

Tattha tividhan ti tikālappasādaṃ sandhāyāha, tena dāyakato aṅgattayaṃ dasseti. Ārādhaye dakkhiṇeyyebhi tādī ti tañ ca so tādiso tividha-sampatti-sādhako puggalo tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ dakkhiṇeyyehi khīṇāsavehi sādheyya sampādeyya, iminā paṭiggāhakato aṅgattayaṃ dasseti. Evaṃ yajitvā sammā yācayogo ti evaṃ mettajjhāna-padaṭṭhāna-bhāvena chaḷaṅga-samannāgataṃ yaññaṃ sammā yajitvā so yācayogo tena chaḷaṅga-yaññūpanissayena mettajjhānena upapajjati brahmalokan ti brūmī ti brāhmaṇaṃ samussāhento desanaṃ samāpesi. Sesaṃ sabbagāthāsu uttānattham eva. Ito parañ ca pubbe vuttanayam evā ti.