施罗经注

Selasuttavaṇṇanā

Evaṃ me sutan ti Selasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Ayameva yāssa nidāne vuttā. Atthavaṇṇanākkamepi c’assa pubbasadisaṃ pubbe vuttanayen’eva veditabbaṃ. Yaṃ pana apubbaṃ, taṃ uttānatthāni padāni pariharantā vaṇṇayissāma. Aṅguttarāpesū ti aṅgā eva so janapado, gaṅgāya pana yā uttarena āpo, tāsaṃ avidūrattā “uttarāpo” ti pi vuccati. Kataragaṅgāya uttarena yā āpoti? Mahāmahīgaṅgāya.

Tatrāyaṃ tassā nadiyā āvibhāvatthaṃ ādito pabhuti vaṇṇanā ayaṃ kira jambudīpo dasasahassayojanaparimāṇo. Tattha catusahassayojanaparimāṇo padeso udakena ajjhotthaṭo “samuddo” ti saṅkhaṃ gato. Tisahassayojanapamāṇe manussā vasanti. Tisahassayojanapamāṇe himavā patiṭṭhito ubbedhena pañcayojanasatiko caturāsītisahassakūṭehi paṭimaṇḍito samantato sandamānapañcasatanadīvicitto. Yattha āyāmavitthārena gambhīratāya ca paññāsapaññāsayojanā diyaḍḍhayojanasataparimaṇḍalā pūraḷāsasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttā anotattādayo satta mahāsarā patiṭṭhitā.

Tesu anotatto sudassanakūṭaṃ, citrakūṭaṃ, kāḷakūṭaṃ, gandhamādanakūṭaṃ, kelāsakūṭanti imehi pañcahi pabbatehi parikkhitto. Tattha sudassanakūṭaṃ suvaṇṇamayaṃ dviyojanasatubbedhaṃ antovaṅkaṃ kākamukhasaṇṭhānaṃ tameva saraṃ paṭicchādetvā ṭhitaṃ, citrakūṭaṃ sabbaratanamayaṃ, kāḷakūṭaṃ añjanamayaṃ, gandhamādanakūṭaṃ sānumayaṃ abbhantare muggavaṇṇaṃ nānappakāraosadhasañchannaṃ kāḷapakkhuposathadivase ādittamiva aṅgāraṃ jalantaṃ tiṭṭhati, kelāsakūṭaṃ rajatamayaṃ. Sabbāni sudassanena samānubbedhasaṇṭhānāni tameva saraṃ paṭicchādetvā ṭhitāni. Sabbāni devānubhāvena nāgānubhāvena ca vassanti, nadiyo ca tesu sandanti. Taṃ sabbampi udakaṃ anotattameva pavisati. Candimasūriyā dakkhiṇena vā uttarena vā gacchantā pabbatantarena taṃ obhāsenti, ujuṃ gacchantā na obhāsenti. Tenevassa “anotattan” ti saṅkhā udapādi.

Tattha manoharasilātalāni nimmacchakacchapāni phalikasadisanimmalūdakāni nahānatitthāni suppaṭiyattāni honti, yesu buddhapaccekabuddhakhīṇāsavā isigaṇā ca nhāyanti, devayakkhādayo ca uyyānakīḷikaṃ kīḷanti.

Catūsu c’assa passesu sīhamukhaṃ, hatthimukhaṃ, assamukhaṃ, usabhamukhanti cattāri mukhāni honti, yehi catasso nadiyo sandanti. Sīhamukhena nikkhantanadītīre sīhā bahutarā honti, hatthimukhādīhi hatthiassausabhā. Puratthimadisato nikkhantanadī anotattaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā itarā tisso nadiyo anupagamma pācīnahimavanteneva amanussapathaṃ gantvā mahāsamuddaṃ pavisati. Pacchimadisato ca uttaradisato ca nikkhantanadiyopi tatheva padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pacchimahimavanteneva uttarahimavanteneva ca amanussapathaṃ gantvā mahāsamuddaṃ pavisanti. Dakkhiṇadisato nikkhantanadī pana taṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā dakkhiṇena ujukaṃ pāsāṇapiṭṭheneva saṭṭhiyojanāni gantvā pabbataṃ paharitvā vuṭṭhāya pariṇāhena tigāvutapamāṇā udakadhārā hutvā ākāsena saṭṭhi yojanāni gantvā tiyaggaḷe nāma pāsāṇe patitā, pāsāṇo udakadhārāvegena bhinno. Tatra paññāsayojanapamāṇā tiyaggaḷā nāma pokkharaṇī jātā. Pokkharaṇiyā kūlaṃ bhinditvā pāsāṇaṃ pavisiya saṭṭhi yojanāni gatā. Tato ghanapathaviṃ bhinditvā umaṅgena saṭṭhi yojanāni gantvā viñjhaṃ nāma tiracchānapabbataṃ paharitvā hatthatale pañcaṅgulisadisā pañcadhārā hutvā pavattati. Sā tikkhattuṃ anotattaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā gataṭṭhāne “āvaṭṭagaṅgā” ti vuccati. Ujukaṃ pāsāṇapiṭṭhena saṭṭhi yojanāni gataṭṭhāne “kaṇhagaṅgā” ti vuccati. Ākāsena saṭṭhi yojanāni gataṭṭhāne “ākāsagaṅgā” ti vuccati. Tiyaggaḷapāsāṇe paññāsayojanokāse “tiyaggaḷapokkharaṇī” ti vuccati. Kūlaṃ bhinditvā pāsāṇaṃ pavisiya saṭṭhi yojanāni gataṭṭhāne “bahalagaṅgā” ti vuccati. Pathaviṃ bhinditvā umaṅgena saṭṭhi yojanāni gataṭṭhāne “umaṅgagaṅgā” ti vuccati. Viñjhaṃ nāma tiracchānapabbataṃ paharitvā pañcadhārā hutvā pavattaṭṭhāne “gaṅgā, yamunā, aciravatī, sarabhū, mahī” ti pañcadhā vuccati. Evametā pañca mahāgaṅgā himavatā sambhavanti. Tāsu yā ayaṃ pañcamī mahī nāma, sā idha “mahāmahīgaṅgā” ti adhippetā. Tassā gaṅgāya uttarena yā āpo, tāsaṃ avidūrattā so janapado “aṅguttarāpo” ti veditabbo. Tasmiṃ janapade aṅguttarāpesu.

Cārikaṃ caramāno ti addhānagamanaṃ kurumāno. Tattha Bhagavato duvidhā cārikā turitacārikā, aturitacārikā ca. Tattha dūrepi bhabbapuggale disvā sahasā gamanaṃ turitacārikā. Sā mahākassapapaccuggamanādīsu daṭṭhabbā. Taṃ paccuggacchanto hi Bhagavā muhutteneva tigāvutaṃ agamāsi, Āḷavakadamanatthaṃ tiṃsayojanaṃ, tathā aṅgulimālassatthāya. Pukkusātissa pana pañcattālīsayojanaṃ, mahākappinassa vīsayojanasataṃ, dhaniyassatthāya sattayojanasataṃ addhānaṃ agamāsi. Ayaṃ turitacārikā nāma. Gāmanigamanagarapaṭipāṭiyā pana piṇḍapātacariyādīhi lokaṃ anuggaṇhantassa gamanaṃ aturitacārikā nāma. Ayaṃ idha adhippetā. Evaṃ cārikaṃ caramāno. Mahatā ti saṅkhyāmahatā guṇamahatā ca. Bhikkhusaṅghenā ti samaṇagaṇena. Aḍḍhateḷasehī ti aḍḍhena teḷasahi, dvādasahi satehi paññāsāya ca bhikkhūhi saddhinti vuttaṃ hoti. Yena…pe… tadavasarī ti āpaṇabahulatāya so nigamo “āpaṇo” tveva nāmaṃ labhi. Tasmiṃ kira vīsatiāpaṇamukhasahassāni vibhattāni ahesuṃ. Yena disābhāgena maggena vā so aṅguttarāpānaṃ raṭṭhassa nigamo osaritabbo, tena avasari tadavasari agamāsi, taṃ nigamaṃ anupāpuṇīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Keṇiyo jaṭilo ti keṇiyoti nāmena, jaṭiloti tāpaso. So kira brāhmaṇamahāsālo, dhanarakkhaṇatthāya pana tāpasapabbajjaṃ samādāya rañño paṇṇākāraṃ datvā bhūmibhāgaṃ gahetvā tattha assamaṃ kāretvā vasati kulasahassassa nissayo hutvā. Assamepi c’assa eko tālarukkho divase divase ekaṃ suvaṇṇaphalaṃ muñcatīti vadanti. So divā kāsāyāni dhāreti jaṭā ca bandhati, rattiṃ yathāsukhaṃ pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti. Sakyaputto ti uccākulaparidīpanaṃ. Sakyakulā pabbajito ti saddhāya pabbajitabhāvaparidīpanaṃ, kenaci pārijuññena anabhibhūto aparikkhīṇaṃyeva taṃ kulaṃ pahāya saddhāya pabbajitoti vuttaṃ hoti. Taṃ kho panā ti itthambhūtākhyānatthe upayogavacanaṃ, tassa kho pana bhoto Gotamassāti attho. Kalyāṇo ti kalyāṇaguṇasamannāgato, seṭṭhoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kittisaddo ti kittiyeva thutighoso vā.

Itipi so Bhagavā ti ādimhi pana ayaṃ tāva yojanā so Bhagavā itipi arahaṃ, itipi sammāsambuddho…pe… itipi Bhagavā ti, iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha ārakattā, arīnaṃ arānañca hatattā paccayādīnaṃ arahattā, pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvāti imehi tāva kāraṇehi so Bhagavā arahan ti veditabbo. Ārakā hi so sabbakilesehi maggena savāsanānaṃ kilesānaṃ viddhaṃsitattāti ārakattā arahaṃ. Te cānena kilesārayo maggena hatāti arīnaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ. Yañcetaṃ avijjābhavataṇhāmayanābhi, puññādiabhisaṅkhārānaṃ jarāmaraṇanemi, āsavasamudayamayena akkhena vijjhitvā tibhavarathe samāyojitaṃ anādikālapavattaṃ saṃsāracakkaṃ. Tassānena bodhimaṇḍe vīriyapādehi sīlapathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya saddhāhatthena kammakkhayakarañāṇapharasuṃ gahetvā sabbe arā hatāti arānaṃ hatattātipi arahaṃ. Aggadakkhiṇeyyattā ca cīvarādipaccaye sakkāragarukārādīni ca arahatīti paccayādīnaṃ arahattāpi arahaṃ. Yathā ca loke keci paṇḍitamānino bālā asilokabhayena raho pāpaṃ karonti, evaṃ nāyaṃ kadāci karotīti pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvatopi arahaṃ. Hoti cettha

“Ārakattā hatattā ca, kilesārīna so muni,
Hatasaṃsāracakkāro, paccayādīna cāraho,
Na raho karoti pāpāni, arahaṃ tena pavuccatī” ti.

Sammā sāmañca saccānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddho. Atisayavisuddhāhi vijjāhi abbhuttamena caraṇena ca samannāgatattā vijjācaraṇasampanno. Sobhanagamanattā sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā suṭṭhu gatattā sammā gadattā ca sugato. Sabbathāpi viditalokattā lokavidū. So hi Bhagavā sabhāvato samudayato nirodhato nirodhūpāyatoti sabbathā khandhāyatanādibhedaṃ saṅkhāralokaṃ avedi, “eko loko sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Dve lokā nāmañca rūpañca. Tayo lokā tisso vedanā. Cattāro lokā cattāro āhārā. Pañca lokā pañcupādānakkhandhā. Cha lokā cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni. Satta lokā satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo. Aṭṭha lokā aṭṭha lokadhammā. Nava lokā nava sattāvāsā. Dasa lokā dasāyatanāni. Dvādasa lokā dvādasāyatanāni. Aṭṭhārasa lokā aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.112) evaṃ sabbathā saṅkhāralokaṃ avedi. Sattānaṃ āsayaṃ jānāti, anusayaṃ jānāti, caritaṃ jānāti, adhimuttiṃ jānāti, apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye bhabbe abhabbe satte jānātīti sabbathā sattalokaṃ avedi. Tathā ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ āyāmato vitthārato ca yojanānaṃ dvādasa satasahassāni tīṇi sahassāni aḍḍhapañcamāni ca satāni, parikkhepato chattiṃsa satasahassāni dasa sahassāni aḍḍhuḍḍhāni ca satāni.

Tattha

Duve satasahassāni, cattāri nahutāni ca,
Ettakaṃ bahalattena, saṅkhātāyaṃ vasundharā.

Cattāri satasahassāni, aṭṭheva nahutāni ca,
Ettakaṃ bahalattena, jalaṃ vāte patiṭṭhitaṃ.

Nava satasahassāni, māluto nabhamuggato,
Saṭṭhi ceva sahassāni, esā lokassa saṇṭhiti”.

Evaṃ saṇṭhite cettha yojanānaṃ

Caturāsīti sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave,
Accuggato tāvadeva, sineru pabbatuttamo.

Tato upaḍḍhupaḍḍhena, pamāṇena yathākkamaṃ,
Ajjhogāḷhuggatā dibbā, nānāratanacittitā.

Yugandharo īsadharo, karavīko sudassano,
Nemindharo vinatako, assakaṇṇo giri brahā.

Ete satta mahāselā, sinerussa samantato,
Mahārājānamāvāsā, devayakkhanisevitā.

Yojanānaṃ satānucco, himavā pañca pabbato,
Yojanānaṃ sahassāni, tīṇi āyatavitthato.

Caturāsītisahassehi, kūṭehi paṭimaṇḍito,
Tipañcayojanakkhandha-parikkhepā nagavhayā.

Paññāsayojanakkhandha-sākhāyāmā samantato,
Sattayojanavitthiṇṇā, tāvadeva ca uggatā.

Jambū yassānubhāvena, jambudīpo pakāsito,
Dve asītisahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave.

Accuggato tāvadeva, cakkavāḷasiluccayo,
Parikkhipitvā taṃ sabbaṃ, cakkavāḷamayaṃ ṭhito”.

Tattha candamaṇḍalaṃ ekūnapaññāsayojanaṃ, sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāsayojanaṃ, tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ dasasahassayojanaṃ, tathā asurabhavanaṃ avīcimahānirayo jambudīpo ca. Aparagoyānaṃ sattasahassayojanaṃ, tathā pubbavideho, uttarakuru aṭṭhasahassayojano. Ekameko cettha mahādīpo pañcasatapañcasataparittadīpaparivāro. Taṃ sabbampi ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ ekā lokadhātu. Cakkavāḷantaresu lokantarikanirayā. Evaṃ anantāni cakkavāḷāni anantā lokadhātuyo, anantena buddhañāṇena aññāsīti sabbathā okāsalokaṃ avedi. Evaṃ so Bhagavā sabbathā. Viditalokattā lokavidūti veditabbo.

Attano pana guṇehi visiṭṭhatarassa kassaci abhāvā anuttaro. Vicittehi vinayanūpāyehi purisadamme sāretīti purisadammasārathi. Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsati nitthāreti cāti satthā. Devamanussaggahaṇaṃ ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena bhabbapuggalapariggahavasena ca kataṃ, nāgādikepi pana esa lokiyatthena anusāsati. Yadatthi neyyaṃ nāma, sabbassa buddhattā vimokkhantikañāṇavasena buddho. Yato pana so

“Bhagyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā,
Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu Bhagavā tato” ti.

Ayam ettha saṅkhepo, vitthārato panetāni padāni visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.124-125) vuttāni.

So imaṃ lokan ti so Bhagavā imaṃ lokaṃ. Idāni vattabbaṃ nidasseti. Sadevakan ti ādīni kasibhāradvājaāḷavakasuttesu vuttanayāneva. Sayan ti sāmaṃ aparaneyyo hutvā. Abhiññā ti abhiññāya. Sacchikatvā ti paccakkhaṃ katvā. Pavedetī ti bodheti ñāpeti pakāseti. So dhammaṃ deseti…pe… pariyosānakalyāṇan ti so Bhagavā sattesu kāruññataṃ paṭicca anuttaraṃ vivekasukhaṃ hitvāpi dhammaṃ deseti. Tañca kho appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā desento ādikalyāṇādippakārameva deseti. Kathaṃ? Ekagāthāpi hi samantabhaddakattā dhammassa paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā, dutiyatatiyapādehi majjhekalyāṇā, pacchimapādena pariyosānakalyāṇā. Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesena majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Nānānusandhikaṃ paṭhamānusandhinā ādikalyāṇaṃ, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesehi majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Sakalopi sāsanadhammo attano atthabhūtena sīlena ādikalyāṇo, samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo, nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo. Sīlasamādhīhi vā ādikalyāṇo, vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo, phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo. Buddhasubodhitāya vā ādikalyāṇo, dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇo, saṅghasuppaṭipattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Taṃ sutvā tathattāya paṭipannena adhigantabbāya abhisambodhiyā vā ādikalyāṇo, paccekabodhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, sāvakabodhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Suyyamāno cesa nīvaraṇādivikkhambhanato savanenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti ādikalyāṇo, paṭipajjamāno samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato paṭipattiyāpi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti majjhekalyāṇo, tathā paṭipanno ca paṭipattiphale niṭṭhite tādibhāvāvahanato paṭipattiphalenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti pariyosānakalyāṇo. Nāthappabhavattā ca pabhavasuddhiyā ādikalyāṇo, atthasuddhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, kiccasuddhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Yato appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā desento ādikalyāṇādippakārameva desetīti veditabbo.

Sātthaṃ sabyañjanan ti evam ādīsu pana yasmā imaṃ dhammaṃ desento sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca pakāseti, nānānayehi dīpeti, tañca yathāsambhavaṃ atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ, byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattiatthapadasamāyogato sātthaṃ, akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Atthagambhīratāpaṭivedhagambhīratāhi sātthaṃ, dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi sabyañjanaṃ. Atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato sātthaṃ, dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjanaṃ. Paṇḍitavedanīyato sarikkhakajanappasādakanti sātthaṃ, saddheyyato lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjanaṃ. Gambhīrādhippāyato sātthaṃ, uttānapadato sabyañjanaṃ. Upanetabbassābhāvato sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvena kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ, apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ. Sikkhattayapariggahitattā brahmabhūtehi seṭṭhehi caritabbato tesañca cariyabhāvato brahmacariyaṃ. Tasmā “sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ…pe… brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī” ti vuccati.

Api ca yasmā sanidānaṃ sauppattikañca desento ādikalyāṇaṃ deseti, vineyyānaṃ anurūpato atthassa aviparītatāya hetudāharaṇayogato ca majjhekalyāṇaṃ, sotūnaṃ saddhāpaṭilābhena nigamanena ca pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ. Evaṃ desento ca brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Tañca paṭipattiyā adhigamabyattito sātthaṃ, pariyattiyā āgamabyattito sabyañjanaṃ, sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhayuttato kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ, nirupakkilesato nittharaṇatthāya pavattito lokāmisanirapekkhato ca parisuddhaṃ, seṭṭhaṭṭhena brahmabhūtānaṃ buddhapaccekabuddhasāvakānaṃ cariyato brahmacariyanti vuccati, tasmāpi “so dhammaṃ deseti…pe… brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī” ti vuccati.

Sādhu kho panā ti sundaraṃ kho pana, atthāvahaṃ sukhāvahanti vuttaṃ hoti. Dhammiyā kathāyā ti pānakānisaṃsapaṭisaṃyuttāya. Ayañ hi keṇiyo sāyanhasamaye Bhagavato āgamanaṃ assosi. “Tucchahattho Bhagavantaṃ dassanāya gantuṃ lajjamāno vikālabhojanā viratānampi pānakaṃ kappatī” ti cintetvā pañcahi kājasatehi susaṅkhataṃ badarapānaṃ gāhāpetvā agamāsi. Yathāha bhesajjakkhandhake “atha kho keṇiyassa jaṭilassa etad ahosi, kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ samaṇassa Gotamassa harāpeyyan” ti (mahāva. 300) sabbaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tato naṃ Bhagavā yathā sekkhasutte (ma. ni. 2.22 ādayo) sākiye āvasathānisaṃsapaṭisaṃyuttāya kathāya, gosiṅgasālavane (ma. ni. 1.325 ādayo) tayo kulaputte sāmaggirasānisaṃsapaṭisaṃyuttāya, rathavinīte (ma. ni. 1.252 ādayo) jātibhūmake bhikkhū dasakathāvatthupaṭisaṃyuttāya, evaṃ taṅkhaṇānurūpāya pānakānisaṃsapaṭisaṃyuttāya kathāya pānakadānānisaṃsaṃ sandassesi, tathārūpānaṃ puññānaṃ punapi kattabbatāya niyojento samādapesi, abbhussāhaṃ janento samuttejesi, sandiṭṭhikasamparāyikena phalavisesena pahaṃsento sampahaṃsesi. Tenāha “dhammiyā kathāya…pe… sampahaṃsesī” ti. So bhiyyosomattāya Bhagavati pasanno Bhagavantaṃ nimantesi, Bhagavā c’assa tikkhattuṃ paṭikkhipitvā adhivāsesi. Tenāha “atha kho keṇiyo jaṭilo…pe… adhivāsesi Bhagavā tuṇhībhāvenā” ti.

Kimatthaṃ pana paṭikkhipi Bhagavā ti? Punappunaṃ yācanāya c’assa puññavuḍḍhi bhavissati, bahutarañca paṭiyādessati, tato aḍḍhatelasānaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ paṭiyattaṃ aḍḍhasoḷasannaṃ pāpuṇissatīti. Kuto aparāni tīṇi satānīti ce? Appaṭiyatteyeva hi bhatte selo brāhmaṇo tīhi māṇavakasatehi saddhiṃ pabbajissati, taṃ disvā Bhagavā evamāhāti. Mittāmacce ti mitte ca kammakare ca. Ñātisālohite ti samānalohite ekayonisambandhe puttadhītādayo avasesabandhave ca. Yenāti yasmā. Me ti mayhaṃ. Kāyaveyyāvaṭikan ti kāyena veyyāvaccaṃ. Maṇḍalamāḷaṃ paṭiyādetī ti setavitānamaṇḍapaṃ karoti.

Tiṇṇaṃ vedānan ti irubbedayajubbedasāmavedānaṃ. Saha nighaṇḍunā ca keṭubhena ca sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ. Nighaṇḍū ti nāmanighaṇḍurukkhādīnaṃ vevacanappakāsakaṃ satthaṃ. Keṭubhan ti kiriyākappavikappo kavīnaṃ upakārāya satthaṃ. Saha akkharappabhedena sākkharappabhedānaṃ. Akkharappabhedo ti sikkhā ca nirutti ca. Itihāsapañcamānan ti athabbanavedaṃ catutthaṃ katvā “itiha āsa itiha āsā” ti īdisavacanapaṭisaṃyutto purāṇakathāsaṅkhāto itihāso pañcamo etesanti itihāsapañcamā. Tesaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ. Padaṃ tadavasesañca byākaraṇaṃ ajjheti vedeti cāti padako veyyākaraṇo. Lokāyate vitaṇḍavādasatthe mahāpurisalakkhaṇādhikāre ca dvādasasahasse mahāpurisalakkhaṇasatthe anūno paripūrakārīti lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo, avayo na hotīti vuttaṃ hoti. Avayo nāma yo tāni atthato ca ganthato ca sandhāretuṃ na sakkoti.

Jaṅghāya hitaṃ vihāraṃ jaṅghāvihāraṃ, cirāsanādijanitaṃ parissamaṃ vinodetuṃ jaṅghāpasāraṇatthaṃ adīghacārikanti vuttaṃ hoti. Anucaṅkamamāno ti caṅkamamāno eva. Anuvicaramāno ti ito c’ito ca caramāno. Keṇiyassa jaṭilassa assamo ti keṇiyassa assamaṃ nivesanaṃ. Āvāho ti kaññāgahaṇaṃ. Vivāho ti kaññādānaṃ. Mahāyañño ti mahāyajanaṃ. Māgadho ti magadhānaṃ issaro. Mahatiyā senāya samannāgatattā seniyo. Bimbīti suvaṇṇaṃ, tasmā sārasuvaṇṇasadisavaṇṇatāya bimbisāro. So me nimantito ti so mayā nimantito.

Atha brāhmaṇo pubbe katādhikārattā buddhasaddaṃ sutvāva amatenevābhisitto vimhayarūpattā āha “buddhoti, bho keṇiya, vadesī” ti. Itaro yathābhūtaṃ ācikkhanto āha “buddhoti, bho sela, vadāmī” ti. Tato naṃ punapi daḷhīkaraṇatthaṃ pucchi, itaropi tatheva ārocesi. Atha kappasatasahassehipi buddhasaddassa dullabhabhāvaṃ dassento āha “ghosopi kho eso dullabho lokasmiṃ yad idaṃ buddho” ti. Tattha yadidan ti nipāto, yo esoti vuttaṃ hoti.

Atha brāhmaṇo buddhasaddaṃ sutvā “kiṃ nu kho so saccameva buddho, udāhu nāmamattamevassa buddho” ti vīmaṃsitukāmo cintesi, abhāsi eva vā “āgatāni kho pana…pe… vivaṭṭacchado” ti. Tattha “mantesū” ti vedesu. “Tathāgato kira uppajjissatī” ti paṭikacceva suddhāvāsadevā brāhmaṇavesena lakkhaṇāni pakkhipitvā vede vācenti “tadanusārena mahesakkhā sattā tathāgataṃ jānissantī” ti. Tena pubbe vedesu mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni āgacchanti. Parinibbute pana tathāgate kamena antaradhāyanti, tena etarahi natthi. Mahāpurisassā ti paṇidhisamādānañāṇasamādānakaruṇādiguṇamahato purisassa. Dveva gatiyo ti dve eva niṭṭhā. Kāmañcāyaṃ gatisaddo “pañca kho imā, Sāriputta, gatiyo” ti ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.153) bhavabhede, “gatī migānaṃ pavanan” ti ādīsu (pari. 339) nivāsaṭṭhāne, “evaṃ adhimattagatimanto” ti ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.161) paññāyaṃ, “gatigatan” ti ādīsu (cūḷava. 204) visaṭabhāve vattati, idha pana niṭṭhāyaṃ veditabbo. Tattha kiñcāpi yehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato rājā hoti cakkavatti, na tehi eva buddho. Jātisāmaññato pana tāniyeva tānīti vuccanti. Tasmā vuttaṃ “yehi samannāgatassā” ti.

Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasatī ti yadi agāre vasati. Rājā hoti cakkavattī ti catūhi acchariyadhammehi saṅgahavatthūhi ca lokaṃ rañjanato rājā. Cakkaratanaṃ vatteti, catūhi sampatticakkehi, vattati, tehi ca paraṃ vatteti, parahitāya ca iriyāpathacakkānaṃ vatto etasmiṃ atthīti cakkavatti. Ettha ca rājāti sāmaññaṃ, cakkavattīti visesanaṃ. Dhammena caratīti dhammiko, ñāyena samena vattatīti attho. Dhammena rajjaṃ labhitvā rājā jātoti dhammarājā. Parahitadhammakaraṇena vā dhammiko, attahitadhammakaraṇena dhammarājā. Caturantāya issaroti cāturanto, catusamuddantāya cattubbidhadīpavibhūsitāya ca pathaviyā issaroti attho. Ajjhattaṃ kodhādipaccatthike bahiddhā ca sabbarājāno vijesīti vijitāvī. Janapadatthāvariyappatto ti janapade dhuvabhāvaṃ thāvarabhāvaṃ patto, na sakkā kenaci cāletuṃ, janapado vā tamhi thāvariyappatto anussukko sakammanirato acalo asampavedhītipi janapadatthāvariyappatto.

Seyyathidan ti nipāto, tassa etāni katamānīti attho. Cakkaratanaṃ…pe… pariṇāyakaratanameva sattaman ti tāni sabbappakārato ratanasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttāni. Tesu ayaṃ cakkavattirājā cakkaratanena ajitaṃ jināti, hatthiassaratanehi vijite yathāsukhamanuvicarati, pariṇāyakaratanena vijitamanurakkhati, sesehi upabhogasukhamanubhavati. Paṭhamena c’assa ussāhasattiyogo, hatthiassagahapatiratanehi pabhusattiyogo, pariṇāyakaratanena mantasattiyogo suparipuṇṇo hoti, itthimaṇiratanehi ca tividhasattiyogaphalaṃ. So itthimaṇiratanehi bhogasukhamanubhoti, sesehi issariyasukhaṃ. Visesato c’assa purimāni tīṇi adosakusalamūlajanitakammānubhāvena sampajjanti, majjhimāni alobhakusalamūlajanitakammānubhāvena, pacchimamekaṃ amohakusalamūlajanitakammānubhāvenāti veditabbaṃ.

Parosahassan ti atirekasahassaṃ. Sūrā ti abhīrukajātikā. Vīraṅgarūpā ti devaputtasadisakāyā, evaṃ tāveke. Ayaṃ pan’ettha sabhāvo vīrā ti uttamasūrā vuccanti, vīrānaṃ aṅgaṃ vīraṅgaṃ, vīrakāraṇaṃ vīriyanti vuttaṃ hoti. Vīraṅgaṃ rūpaṃ etesanti vīraṅgarūpā, vīriyamayasarīrā viyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Parasenappamaddanā ti sace paṭimukhaṃ tiṭṭheyya parasenā, taṃ pamaddituṃ samatthāti adhippāyo. Dhammenā ti “pāṇo na hantabbo” ti ādinā (dī. ni. 2.244, ma. ni. 3.257) pañcasīladhammena. Arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado ti ettha rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhiavijjāduccaritachadanehi sattahi paṭicchanne kilesandhakāre loke taṃ chadanaṃ vivaṭṭetvā samantato sañjātāloko hutvā ṭhitoti vivaṭṭacchado. Tattha paṭhamena padena pūjārahatā, dutiyena tassā hetu yasmā sammāsambuddhoti. Tatiyena buddhattahetu vivaṭṭacchadatā vuttā ti veditabbā. Atha vā vivaṭṭo ca vicchado cāti vivaṭṭacchado, vaṭṭarahito chadanarahito cāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tena arahaṃ vaṭṭābhāvena sammāsambuddho chadanābhāvenāti evaṃ purimapadadvayasseva hetudvayaṃ vuttaṃ hoti. Dutiyena vesārajjena cettha purimasiddhi, paṭhamena dutiyasiddhi, tatiyacatutthehi tatiyasiddhi hoti. Purimañca dhammacakkhuṃ, dutiyaṃ buddhacakkhuṃ, tatiyaṃ samantacakkhuṃ sādhetīti veditabbaṃ.

Idāni Bhagavato santikaṃ gantukāmo āha “kahaṃ pana bho…pe… sammāsambuddho” ti. Evaṃ vutte ti ādīsu yenesā ti yena disābhāgena esā. Nīlavanarājī ti nīlavaṇṇarukkhapanti. Vanaṃ kira meghapantisadisaṃ. Yattha Bhagavā tadā vihāsi, taṃ niddisanto āha “yenesā bho, sela, nīlavanarājī” ti. Tattha “so viharatī” ti ayaṃ pan’ettha pāṭhaseso, bhummatthe vā karaṇavacanaṃ. Pade padan ti padasamīpe padaṃ. Tena turitagamanaṃ paṭisedheti. Durāsadā hī ti kāraṇaṃ āha, yasmā te durāsadā, tasmā evaṃ bhonto āgacchantūti. Kiṃ pana kāraṇā durāsadāti ce? Sīhāva ekacarā. Yathā hi sīhā sahāyakiccābhāvato ekacarā, evaṃ tepi vivekakāmatāya. “Yadā cāhan” ti ādinā pana te māṇavake upacāraṃ sikkhāpeti. Tattha mā opātethā ti mā pavesetha, mā kathethāti vuttaṃ hoti. Āgamentū ti paṭimānentu, yāva kathā pariyosānaṃ gacchati, tāva tuṇhī bhavantūti attho.

Samannesī ti gavesi. Yebhuyyenā ti bahukāni addasa, appakāni nāddasa. Tato yāni na addasa, tāni dīpento āha “ṭhapetvā dve” ti. Kaṅkhatī ti kaṅkhaṃ uppādeti patthanaṃ “aho vata passeyyan” ti. Vicikicchatī ti tato tato tāni vicinanto kicchati na sakkoti daṭṭhuṃ. Nādhimuccatī ti tāya vicikicchāya sanniṭṭhānaṃ na gacchati. Na sampasīdatī ti tato “paripuṇṇalakkhaṇo ayan” ti Bhagavati pasādaṃ nāpajjati. Kaṅkhāya vā sudubbalavimati vuttā, vicikicchāya majjhimā, anadhimuccanatāya balavatī, asampasādena tehi tīhi dhammehi cittassa kālussiyabhāvo.

Kosohite ti vatthikosena paṭicchanne. Vatthaguyhe ti aṅgajāte. Bhagavato hi varavāraṇasseva kosohitaṃ vatthaguyhaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ padumagabbhasamānaṃ. Taṃ so vatthapaṭicchannattā apassanto antomukhagatāya ca jivhāya pahūtabhāvaṃ asallakkhento tesu dvīsu lakkhaṇesu kaṅkhī ahosi vicikicchī. Tathārūpan ti kathaṃ rūpaṃ? Kimettha amhehi vattabbaṃ, vuttametaṃ nāgasenatthereneva milindaraññā puṭṭhena (mi. pa. 4.3.3)

“Dukkaraṃ, bhante nāgasena, Bhagavatā katanti. Kiṃ, mahārājāti? Mahājanena hirikaraṇokāsaṃ brahmāyubrāhmaṇassa ca antevāsiuttarassa ca bāvarissa antevāsīnaṃ soḷasannaṃ brāhmaṇānañca selassa brāhmaṇassa antevāsīnaṃ tisatamāṇavānañca dassesi, bhanteti. Na, mahārāja, Bhagavā guyhaṃ dasseti, chāyaṃ Bhagavā dasseti, iddhiyā abhisaṅkharitvā nivāsananivatthaṃ kāyabandhanabaddhaṃ cīvarapārutaṃ chāyārūpakamattaṃ dasseti, mahārājāti. Chāyārūpe diṭṭhe sati diṭṭho eva nanu, bhanteti. Tiṭṭhatetaṃ, mahārāja, hadayarūpaṃ disvā bujjhanakasatto bhaveyya, hadayamaṃsaṃ nīharitvā dasseyya sammāsambuddhoti. Kallosi, bhante, nāgasenā” ti (mi. pa. 4.3.3).

Ninnāmetvā ti nīharitvā. Kaṇṇasotānumasanena cettha dīghabhāvo, nāsikāsotānumasanena tanubhāvo, nalāṭacchādanena puthulabhāvo pakāsitoti veditabbo. Ācariyapācariyānan ti ācariyānañceva ācariyācariyānañca. Sake vaṇṇe ti attano guṇe.

554

Paripuṇṇakāyo ti lakkhaṇehi paripuṇṇatāya ahīnaṅgapaccaṅgatāya ca paripuṇṇasarīro. Surucī ti sundarasarīrappabho. Sujāto ti ārohapariṇāhasampattiyā saṇṭhānasampattiyā ca sunibbatto. Cārudassano ti sucirampi passantānaṃ atittijanakaṃ appaṭikūlaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ cāru eva dassanaṃ assāti cārudassano. Keci pana bhaṇanti “cārudassanoti sundaranetto” ti. Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo ti suvaṇṇasadisavaṇṇo. Asī ti bhavasi. Etaṃ sabbapadehi yojetabbaṃ. Susukkadāṭho ti suṭṭhu sukkadāṭho. Bhagavato hi dāṭhāhi candakiraṇā viya ativiya paṇḍararaṃsiyo niccharanti. Tenāha “susukkadāṭhosī” ti.

555

Mahāpurisalakkhaṇā ti pubbe vuttabyañjanāneva vacanantarena nigamento āha.

556

Idāni tesu lakkhaṇesu attano abhirucitehi lakkhaṇehi Bhagavantaṃ thunanto āha “pasannanetto” ti ādi. Bhagavā hi pañcavaṇṇapasādasampattiyā pasannanetto, paripuṇṇacandamaṇḍalasadisamukhattā sumukho, ārohapariṇāhasampattiyā brahā, bahmujugattatāya uju, jutimantatāya patāpavā. Yampi cettha pubbe vuttaṃ, taṃ “majjhe samaṇasaṅghassā” ti iminā pariyāyena thunatā puna vuttaṃ. Īdiso hi evaṃ virocati. Esa nayo uttaragāthāyapi.

557-8

Uttamavaṇṇino ti uttamavaṇṇasampannassa. Jambusaṇḍassā ti jambudīpassa. Pākaṭena issariyaṃ vaṇṇayanto āha, apica cakkavatti catunnampi dīpānaṃ issaro hoti.

559

Khattiyā ti jātikhattiyā. Bhojā ti bhogiyā. Rājāno ti ye keci rajjaṃ kārentā. Anuyantā ti anugāmino sevakā. Rājābhirājā ti rājūnaṃ pūjaniyo rājā hutvā, cakkavattīti adhippāyo. Manujindo ti manussādhipati paramissaro hutvā.

560

Evaṃ vutte Bhagavā “ye te bhavanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā, te sake vaṇṇe bhaññamāne attānaṃ pātukarontī” ti imaṃ selassa manorathaṃ pūrento āha “rājāhamasmī” ti. Tatrāyamadhippāyo yaṃ kho maṃ tvaṃ sela yācasi “rājā arahasi bhavituṃ cakkavattī” ti, ettha appossukko hoti, rājāhamasmi, sati ca rājatte yathā añño rājā samānopi yojanasataṃ vā anusāsati, dve tīṇi vā cattāri vā pañca vā yojanasatāni yojanasahassaṃ vā cakkavatti hutvāpi catudīpapariyantamattaṃ vā, nāhamevaṃ paricchinnavisayo. Ahañhi dhammarājā anuttaro bhavaggato avīcipariyantaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ appameyyā lokadhātuyo anusāsāmi. Yāvatā hi apadadvipadādibhedā sattā, ahaṃ tesaṃ aggo. Na hi me koci sīlena vā…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanena vā paṭibhāgo atthi. Svāhaṃ evaṃ dhammarājā anuttaro anuttareneva catusatipaṭṭhānādibhedabodhipakkhiyasaṅkhātena dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi “idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā” ti ādinā āṇācakkaṃ, “idaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccan” ti ādinā (saṃ. ni. 5.1081, mahāva. 14) pariyattidhammena dhammacakkameva vā. Cakkaṃ appaṭivattiyan ti yaṃ cakkaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ hoti samaṇena vā…pe… kenaci lokasminti.

561-2

Evaṃ attānaṃ āvikarontaṃ Bhagavantaṃ disvā pītisomanassajāto selo daḷhikaraṇatthaṃ “sambuddho paṭijānāsī” ti gāthādvayam āha. Tattha ko nu senāpatī ti dhammarañño bhoto, dhammena pavattitassa dhammacakkassa anuppavattako senāpati koti pucchi.

563

Tena ca samayena Bhagavato dakkhiṇapasse āyasmā Sāriputto nisinno hoti suvaṇṇapuñjo viya siriyā sobhamāno, taṃ dassento Bhagavā “mayā pavattitan” ti gātham āha. Tattha anujāto tathāgatan ti tathāgatahetu anujāto, tathāgatena hetunā jātoti attho.

564

Evaṃ “ko nu senāpatī” ti pañhaṃ byākaritvā yaṃ selo āha “sambuddho paṭijānāsī” ti, tatra naṃ nikkaṅkhaṃ kātukāmo “nāhaṃ paṭiññāmatteneva paṭijānāmi, apicāhaṃ iminā kāraṇena buddho” ti ñāpetuṃ “abhiññeyyan” ti gātham āha. Tattha abhiññeyyan ti vijjā ca vimutti ca. Maggasaccasamudayasaccāni pana bhāvetabbapahātabbāni, hetuvacanena pana phalasiddhito tesaṃ phalāni nirodhasaccadukkhasaccānipi vuttāneva bhavanti. Yato sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikataṃ, pariññeyyaṃ pariññātanti evampettha vuttameva hoti. Evaṃ catusaccabhāvanāphalañca vijjāvimuttiṃ dassento “bujjhitabbaṃ bujjhitvā buddho jātosmī” ti yuttena hetunā buddhattaṃ sādheti.

565-7

Evaṃ nippariyāyena attānaṃ pātukatvā attani kaṅkhāvitaraṇatthaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ abhittharayamāno “vinayassū” ti gāthāttayam āha. Tattha sallakatto ti rāgasallādisattasallakattano. Brahmabhūto ti seṭṭhabhūto. Atitulo ti tulaṃ atīto upamaṃ atīto, nirūpamoti attho. Mārasenappamaddano ti “kāmā te paṭhamā senā” ti ādikāya “pare ca avajānātī” ti (su. ni. 440, mahāni. 28, cūḷani. nandamāṇavapucchāniddesa 47) evaṃ vuttāya māraparisasaṅkhātāya mārasenāya pamaddano. Sabbāmitte ti khandhakilesābhisaṅkhāramaccudevaputtamārādike sabbapaccatthike. Vasīkatvā ti attano vase vattetvā. Akutobhayo ti kutoci abhayo.

568-70

Evaṃ vutte selo brāhmaṇo tāvadeva Bhagavati sañjātappasādo pabbajjāpekkho hutvā “imaṃ bhavanto” ti gāthāttayamāha yathā taṃ paripākagatāya upanissayasampattiyā sammā codiyamāno. Tattha kaṇhābhijātiko ti caṇḍālādinīcakule jāto.

571

Tato tepi māṇavakā tatheva pabbajjāpekkhā hutvā “etañce ruccati bhoto” ti gātham āhaṃsu yathā taṃ tena saddhiṃ katādhikārā kulaputtā.

572

Atha selo tesu māṇavakesu tuṭṭhacitto te dassento pabbajjaṃ yācamāno “brāhmaṇā” ti gātham āha.

573

Tato Bhagavā yasmā selo atīte padumuttarassa Bhagavato sāsane tesaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ purisasatānaṃ gaṇaseṭṭho hutvā tehi saddhiṃ pariveṇaṃ kārāpetvā dānādīni puññāni ca katvā kamena devamanussasampattiṃ anubhavamāno pacchime bhave tesaṃyeva ācariyo hutvā nibbatto, tañca nesaṃ kammaṃ vimuttiparipākāya paripakkaṃ ehibhikkhubhāvassa ca upanissayabhūtaṃ, tasmā te sabbeva ehibhikkhupabbajjāya pabbājento “svākkhātan” ti gātham āha. Tattha sandiṭṭhikan ti paccakkhaṃ. Akālikan ti maggānantaraphaluppattito na kālantare pattabbaphalaṃ. Yatthā ti yannimittā. Maggabrahmacariyanimittā hi pabbajjā appamattassa sativippavāsavirahitassa tīsu sikkhāsu sikkhato amoghā hoti. Tenāha “svākkhātaṃ…pe… sikkhato” ti.

Evañ ca vatvā “etha bhikkhavo” ti Bhagavā avoca. Te sabbe pattacīvaradharā hutvā ākāsenāgamma Bhagavantaṃ abhivādesuṃ. Evamimaṃ tesaṃ ehibhikkhubhāvaṃ sandhāya saṅgītikārā “alattha kho selo…pe… upasampadan” ti āhaṃsu.

Bhuttāvin ti bhuttavantaṃ. Onītapattapāṇin ti pattato onītapāṇiṃ, apanītahatthanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha “upagantvā” ti pāṭhaseso daṭṭhabbo. Itarathā hi Bhagavantaṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdīti na yujjati.

574

Aggihuttamukhā ti Bhagavā keṇiyassa cittānukūlavasena anumodanto evam āha. Tattha aggiparicariyaṃ vinā brāhmaṇānaṃ yaññābhāvato “aggihuttamukhā yaññā” ti vuttaṃ. Aggihuttaseṭṭhā aggihuttapadhānāti attho. Vede sajjhāyantehi paṭhamaṃ sajjhāyitabbato sāvittī “chandaso mukhan” ti vuttā. Manussānaṃ seṭṭhato rājā “mukhan” ti vutto. Nadīnaṃ ādhārato paṭisaraṇato ca sāgaro “mukhan” ti vutto. Candayogavasena “ajja kattikā ajja rohinī” ti sañjānanato ālokakaraṇato sommabhāvato ca “nakkhattānaṃ mukhaṃ cando” ti vutto. Tapantānaṃ aggattā ādicco “tapataṃ mukhan” ti vutto. Dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ pana aggattā visesena tasmiṃ samaye buddhappamukhaṃ saṅghaṃ sandhāya “puññaṃ ākaṅkhamānānaṃ, saṅgho ve yajataṃ mukhan” ti vutto. Tena saṅgho puññassa āyamukhanti dasseti.

576

Yaṃ taṃ saraṇan ti aññabyākaraṇagātham āha. Tassattho pañcahi cakkhūhi cakkhumā Bhagavā, yasmā mayaṃ ito aṭṭhame divase taṃ saraṇaṃ agamamha, tasmā sattarattena tava sāsane anuttarena damathena dantamha. Aho te saraṇassa ānubhāvoti.

577-8

Tato paraṃ Bhagavantaṃ dvīhi gāthāhi thunitvā tatiyāya vandanaṃ yācati

579

“Bhikkhavo tisatā ime, tiṭṭhanti pañjalīkatā,
Pāde vīra pasārehi, nāgā vandantu satthuno” ti.