清净八颂经注

Suddhaṭṭhakasuttavaṇṇanā

Passāmi suddhan ti Suddhaṭṭhakasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Atīte kira Kassapassa bhagavato kāle Bārāṇasivāsī aññataro kuṭumbiko pañcahi sakaṭasatehi paccantajanapadaṃ agamāsi bhaṇḍaggahaṇatthaṃ. Tattha vanacarakena saddhiṃ mittaṃ katvā tassa paṇṇākāraṃ datvā pucchi “kacci, te samma, candanasāraṃ diṭṭhapubban” ti? “Āma sāmī” ti ca vutte ten’eva saddhiṃ candanavanaṃ pavisitvā sabbasakaṭāni candanasārassa pūretvā tam pi vanacarakaṃ “yadā, samma, Bārāṇasiṃ āgacchasi, tadā candanasāraṃ gahetvā āgaccheyyāsī” ti vatvā Bārāṇasiṃ yeva agamāsi. Athāparena samayena so pi vanacarako candanasāraṃ gahetvā tassa gharaṃ agamāsi. So taṃ disvā sabbaṃ paṭisanthāraṃ katvā sāyanhasamaye candanasāraṃ pisāpetvā samuggaṃ pūretvā “gaccha, samma, nhāyitvā āgacchā” ti attano purisena saddhiṃ nhānatitthaṃ pesesi. Tena ca samayena Bārāṇasiyaṃ ussavo hoti. Atha Bārāṇasivāsino pāto va dānaṃ datvā sāyaṃ suddhavatthanivatthā mālāgandhādīni gahetvā Kassapassa bhagavato mahācetiyaṃ vandituṃ gacchanti. So vanacarako te disvā “mahājano kuhiṃ gacchatī” ti pucchi. “Vihāraṃ cetiyavandanatthāyā” ti ca sutvā sayam pi agamāsi. Tattha manusse haritālamanosilādīhi nānappakārehi cetiye pūjaṃ karonte disvā kiñci citraṃ kātuṃ ajānanto taṃ candanaṃ gahetvā mahācetiye suvaṇṇiṭṭhakānaṃ upari kaṃsapātimattaṃ maṇḍalaṃ akāsi. Atha tattha sūriyuggamanavelāyaṃ sūriyarasmiyo uṭṭhahiṃsu. So taṃ disvā pasīdi, patthanañ ca akāsi “yattha yattha nibbattāmi, īdisā me rasmiyo ure uṭṭhahantū” ti. So kālaṃ katvā Tāvatiṃsesu nibbatti. Tassa ure rasmiyo uṭṭhahiṃsu, candamaṇḍalaṃ viy’assa uramaṇḍalaṃ virocati, “Candābho devaputto” tv eva ca naṃ sañjāniṃsu.

So tāya sampattiyā chasu devalokesu anulomapaṭilomato ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ khepetvā amhākaṃ Bhagavati uppanne Sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti, tath’ev’assa ure candamaṇḍalasadisaṃ rasmimaṇḍalaṃ ahosi. Nāmakaraṇadivase c’assa maṅgalaṃ katvā brāhmaṇā taṃ maṇḍalaṃ disvā “dhaññapuññalakkhaṇo ayaṃ kumāro” ti vimhitā “Candābho” tv eva nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Taṃ vayappattaṃ brāhmaṇā gahetvā alaṅkaritvā rattakañcukaṃ pārupāpetvā rathe āropetvā “Mahābrahmā ayan” ti pūjetvā “yo Candābhaṃ passati, so yasadhanādīni labhati, samparāyañ ca saggaṃ gacchatī” ti ugghosentā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu āhiṇḍanti. Gatagataṭṭhāne manussā “esa kira bho Candābho nāma, yo etaṃ passati, so yasadhanasaggādīni labhatī” ti uparūpari āgacchanti, sakalajambudīpo cali. Brāhmaṇā tucchahatthakānaṃ āgatānaṃ na dassenti, sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā gahetvā āgatānam eva dassenti. Evaṃ Candābhaṃ gahetvā anuvicarantā brāhmaṇā kamena Sāvatthiṃ anuppattā.

Tena ca samayena Bhagavā pavattitavaradhammacakko anupubbena Sāvatthiṃ āgantvā Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati Jetavane bahujanahitāya dhammaṃ desento. Atha Candābho Sāvatthiṃ patvā samuddapakkhantakunnadī viya apākaṭo ahosi, “Candābho” ti bhaṇanto pi natthi. So sāyanhasamaye mahājanakāyaṃ mālāgandhādīni ādāya Jetavanābhimukhaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā “kuhiṃ gacchathā” ti pucchi. “Buddho loke uppanno, so bahujanahitāya dhammaṃ deseti, taṃ sotuṃ Jetavanaṃ gacchāmā” ti ca tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā so pi brāhmaṇagaṇaparivuto tatth’eva agamāsi. Bhagavā ca tasmiṃ samaye dhammasabhāyaṃ varabuddhāsane nisinno va hoti. Candābho Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamma madhurapaṭisanthāraṃ katvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, tāvad eva c’assa so āloko antarahito. Buddhālokassa hi samīpe asītihatthabbhantare añño āloko nābhibhoti. So “āloko me naṭṭho” ti nisīditvā va uṭṭhāsi, uṭṭhahitvā ca gantum āraddho. Atha naṃ aññataro puriso āha “kiṃ bho Candābha, samaṇassa Gotamassa bhīto gacchasī” ti. “Nāhaṃ bhīto gacchāmi, api ca me imassa tejena āloko na sampajjatī” ti punad eva Bhagavato purato nisīditvā pādatalā paṭṭhāya yāva kesaggā rūparaṃsilakkhaṇādisampattiṃ disvā “mahesakkho samaṇo Gotamo, mama ure appamattako āloko uṭṭhito, tāvatakena pi maṃ gahetvā brāhmaṇā sakalajambudīpaṃ vicaranti, evaṃ varalakkhaṇasampattisamannāgatassa samaṇassa Gotamassa neva māno uppanno, addhā ayaṃ anomaguṇasamannāgato bhavissati satthā devamanussānan” ti ativiya pasannacitto Bhagavantaṃ vanditvā pabbajjaṃ yāci. Bhagavā aññataraṃ theraṃ āṇāpesi “pabbājehi nan” ti. So taṃ pabbājetvā tacapañcakakammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi. So vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā na ciren’eva arahattaṃ patvā “Candābhatthero” ti vissuto ahosi. Taṃ ārabbha bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ “kiṃ nu kho, āvuso, ye Candābhaṃ addasaṃsu, te yasaṃ vā dhanaṃ vā labhiṃsu, saggaṃ vā gacchiṃsu, visuddhiṃ vā pāpuṇiṃsu tena cakkhudvārikarūpadassanenā” ti. Bhagavā tassaṃ aṭṭhuppattiyaṃ imaṃ suttam abhāsi.

795

Tattha paṭhamagāthāya tāv’attho na, bhikkhave, evarūpena dassanena suddhi hoti, api ca kho kilesamalinattā asuddhaṃ, kilesarogānaṃ avigamā sarogam eva Candābhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ aññaṃ vā evarūpaṃ disvā diṭṭhigatiko bālo abhijānāti “passāmi suddhaṃ paramaṃ arogaṃ, tena ca diṭṭhisaṅkhātena dassanena saṃsuddhi narassa hotī” ti, so evaṃ abhijānanto taṃ dassanaṃ “paraman” ti ñatvā tasmiṃ dassane suddhānupassī samāno taṃ dassanaṃ “maggañāṇan” ti pacceti.

796

Taṃ pana maggañāṇaṃ na hoti, tenāha “diṭṭhena ce suddhī” ti dutiyagāthaṃ. Tass’attho tena rūpadassanasaṅkhātena diṭṭhena yadi kilesasuddhi narassa hoti, tena vā ñāṇena so yadi jātiādidukkhaṃ pajahāti, evaṃ sante ariyamaggato aññena asuddhimaggen’eva so sujjhati, rāgādīhi upadhīhi saupadhiko eva samāno sujjhatī ti āpannaṃ hoti, na ca evaṃvidho sujjhati, tasmā diṭṭhī hi naṃ pāva tathā vadānaṃ, sā naṃ diṭṭhi yeva “micchādiṭṭhiko ayan” ti katheti diṭṭhi-anurūpaṃ “sassato loko” ti ādinā nayena tathā tathā vadanti¹.

797

Na brāhmaṇo ti tatiyagāthā. Tass’attho yo pana bāhitapāpattā brāhmaṇo hoti, so maggena adhigatāsavakkhayo khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇo ariyamaggañāṇato aññena abhimaṅgalasammatarūpasaṅkhāte diṭṭhe tathāvidhasaddasaṅkhāte sute avītikkamasaṅkhāte sīle hatthivatādibhede vate pathaviādibhede mute ca uppannena micchāñāṇena suddhiṃ na āha. Sesam assa brāhmaṇassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. So hi tedhātukapuññe sabbasmiñ ca pāpe anūpalitto, tassa pahīnattā attadiṭṭhiyā yassa kassaci vā gahaṇassa pahīnattā attañjaho, puññābhisaṅkhārādīnaṃ akaraṇato na-y-idha pakubbamāno ti vuccati, tasmā naṃ evaṃ pasaṃsanto āha. Sabbass’eva c’assa purimapādena sambandho veditabbo.

798

“Puññe ca pāpe ca anūpalitto, attañjaho nayidha pakubbamāno, na brāhmaṇo aññato suddhim āhā” ti, evaṃ na brāhmaṇo aññato suddhim āhā ti vatvā idāni ye diṭṭhigatikā aññato suddhiṃ bruvanti, tesaṃ tassā diṭṭhiyā anibbāhakabhāvaṃ dassento “purimaṃ pahāyā” ti gātham āha. Tass’attho Te hi aññato suddhivādā samānā pi yassā diṭṭhiyā appahīnattā gahaṇamuñcanaṃ hoti. Tāya purimaṃ satthārādiṃ pahāya aparaṃ nissitā ejāsaṅkhātāya taṇhāya anugatā abhibhūtā rāgādibhedaṃ na taranti saṅgaṃ, tañ ca atarantā taṃ taṃ dhammaṃ uggaṇhanti ca nirassajanti ca makkaṭo va sākhan ti.

799

Pañcamagāthāya sambandho yo ca so “diṭṭhī hi naṃ pāva tathā vadānan” ti vutto, so sayaṃ samādāyā ti. Tattha sayan ti sāmaṃ, samādāyā ti gahetvā, vatānī ti hatthivatādīni, uccāvacan ti aparāparaṃ hīnapaṇītaṃ vā satthārato satthārādiṃ, saññasatto ti kāmasaññādīsu laggo. Vidvā ca vedehi samecca dhamman ti paramatthavidvā ca arahā catūhi maggañāṇavedehi catusaccadhammaṃ abhisameccā ti. Sesaṃ pākaṭam eva.

800

Sa sabbadhammesu visenibhūto, yaṃ kiñci diṭṭhaṃ va sutaṃ mutaṃ vā ti so bhūripañño khīṇāsavo yaṃ kiñci diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā mutaṃ vā tesu sabbadhammesu Mārasenaṃ vināsetvā ṭhitabhāvena visenibhūto. Tam eva dassin ti taṃ evaṃ visuddhadassiṃ, vivaṭaṃ carantan ti taṇhacchadanādivigamena vivaṭaṃ hutvā carantaṃ. Kenīdha lokasmiṃ vikappayeyyā ti kena idha loke taṇhākappena vā diṭṭhikappena vā koci vikappeyya, tesaṃ vā pahīnattā rāgādinā pubbe vuttenā ti.

801

Na kappayantī ti gāthāya sambandho attho ca kiñca bhiyyo? Te hi tādisā santo dvinnaṃ kappānaṃ purekkhārānañ ca kenaci na kappayanti na purekkharonti, paramattha-accantasuddhi-adhigatattā anaccantasuddhiṃ yeva “akiriyasassatadiṭṭhiṃ accantasuddhī” ti na te vadanti. Ādānaganthaṃ gathitaṃ visajjā ti catubbidham pi rūpādīnaṃ ādāyakattā ādānaganthaṃ attano cittasantāne gathitaṃ baddhaṃ ariyamaggasatthena visajja chinditvā. Sesaṃ pākaṭam eva.

802

Sīmātigo ti gāthā ekapuggalādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya vuttā. Pubbasadiso eva pan’assā sambandho, so evaṃ atthavaṇṇanāya saddhiṃ veditabbo kiñca bhiyyo so īdiso bhūripañño catunnaṃ kilesasīmānaṃ atītattā sīmātigo bāhitapāpattā ca brāhmaṇo, itthambhūtassa ca tassa natthi paracittapubbenivāsañāṇehi ñatvā vā maṃsacakkhu-dibbacakkhūhi disvā vā kiñci samuggahītaṃ, abhiniviṭṭhan ti vuttaṃ hoti. So ca kāmarāgābhāvato na rāgarāgī, rūpārūparāgābhāvato na virāgaratto. Yato evaṃvidhassa “idaṃ paran” ti kiñci idha uggahitaṃ natthī ti arahattanikūṭena desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.