论因缘

Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa

Ganthārambhakathā

Karuṇāsītala-hadayaṃ, paññāpajjota-vihata-mohatamaṃ;
sanarāmaralokagaruṃ, vande Sugataṃ gativimuttaṃ.

Buddho pi buddhabhāvaṃ, bhāvetvā c’eva sacchikatvā ca;
yaṃ upagato gatamalaṃ, vande tam anuttaraṃ dhammaṃ.

Sugatassa orasānaṃ, puttānaṃ mārasena-mathanānaṃ;
aṭṭhannam pi samūhaṃ, sirasā vande ariyasaṅghaṃ.

Iti me pasannamatino, ratanattaya-vandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ;
yaṃ suvihatantarāyo, hutvā tassānubhāvena;

Dīghassa dīghasuttaṅkitassa, nipuṇassa āgamavarassa;
Buddhānubuddha-saṃvaṇṇitassa, saddhāvahaguṇassa;

Atthappakāsanatthaṃ, aṭṭhakathā ādito vasisatehi;
pañcahi yā saṅgītā, anusaṅgītā ca pacchā pi;

Sīhaḷadīpaṃ pana ābhatātha, vasinā Mahāmahindena;
ṭhapitā Sīhaḷabhāsāya, dīpavāsīnam atthāya.

Apanetvāna tato’haṃ, Sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;
tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropento vigatadosaṃ;

Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsapadīpānaṃ;
sunipuṇavinicchayānaṃ, Mahāvihāre nivāsīnaṃ;

Hitvā punappunāgatam atthaṃ, atthaṃ pakāsayissāmi;
sujanassa ca tuṭṭhatthaṃ, ciraṭṭhitatthañ ca dhammassa.

Sīlakathā dhutadhammā, kammaṭṭhānāni c’eva sabbāni;
cariyāvidhānasahito, jhānasamāpattivitthāro;

Sabbā ca abhiññāyo, paññāsaṅkalananicchayo c’eva;
khandhadhātāyatanindriyāni, ariyāni c’eva cattāri;

Saccāni paccayākāradesanā, suparisuddhanipuṇanayā;
avimuttatantimaggā, vipassanā bhāvanā c’eva;

Iti pana sabbaṃ yasmā, Visuddhimagge mayā suparisuddhaṃ;
vuttaṃ tasmā bhiyyo, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmi.

Majjhe Visuddhimaggo, esa catunnam pi āgamānañ hi;
ṭhatvā pakāsayissati, tattha yathā bhāsitaṃ atthaṃ;

Icc eva kato tasmā, tam pi gahetvāna saddhim etāya;
aṭṭhakathāya vijānatha, Dīghāgamanissitaṃ atthan ti.

Tattha Dīghāgamo nāma Sīlakkhandhavaggo Mahāvaggo Pāthikavaggo ti vaggato tivaggo hoti, suttato catuttiṃsa-sutta-saṅgaho. Tassa vaggesu Sīlakkhandhavaggo ādi, suttesu Brahmajālaṃ. Brahmajālassāpi “evaṃ me sutan” ti ādikaṃ āyasmatā Ānandena paṭhama-mahāsaṅgīti-kāle vuttaṃ nidānam ādi.

Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā

Paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma c’esā kiñcāpi Vinayapiṭake tantim ārūḷhā, nidāna-kosallatthaṃ pana idhāpi evaṃ veditabbā. Dhammacakkappavattanañ hi ādiṃ katvā yāva Subhadda-paribbājaka-vinayanā katabuddhakicce, Kusinārāyaṃ upavattane Mallānaṃ Sālavane yamakasālānam antare Visākha-puṇṇama-divase paccūsasamaye anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbute Bhagavati lokanāthe, Bhagavato dhātubhājanadivase sannipatitānaṃ sattannaṃ bhikkhusata-sahassānaṃ saṅghatthero āyasmā Mahākassapo sattāha-parinibbute Bhagavati Subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitena –

“Alaṃ, āvuso, mā socittha, mā paridevittha, sumuttā mayaṃ tena Mahāsamaṇena, upaddutā ca homa – ‘idaṃ vo kappati, idaṃ vo na kappatī’ ti, idāni pana mayaṃ yaṃ icchissāma, taṃ karissāma, yaṃ na icchissāma na taṃ karissāmā” ti (cūḷava. 437)

vuttavacanam anussaranto, īdisassa ca saṅgha-sannipātassa puna dullabhabhāvaṃ maññamāno, “ṭhānaṃ kho pan’etaṃ vijjati, yaṃ pāpabhikkhū ‘atītasatthukaṃ pāvacanan’ ti maññamānā pakkhaṃ labhitvā nacirass’eva saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeyyuṃ, yāva ca dhammavinayo tiṭṭhati, tāva anatītasatthukam eva pāvacanaṃ hoti. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā –

‘Yo vo, Ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā’ ti (dī. ni. 2.216)

Yaṃ nūnāhaṃ dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyeyyaṃ, yathayidaṃ sāsanaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ. Yañ cāhaṃ Bhagavatā –

‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ, Kassapa, sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154)

vatvā cīvare sādhāraṇa-paribhogena,

‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvad eva ākaṅkhāmi vivicc’eva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi; Kassapo pi, bhikkhave, yāvad eva ākaṅkhati vivicc’eva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’ ti (saṃ. ni. 2.152)

evamādinā nayena navānupubbavihāra-chaḷabhiññā-ppabhede uttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṭṭhapanena ca anuggahito, tathā ākāse pāṇiṃ cāletvā alaggacittatāya c’eva candopamapaṭipadāya ca pasaṃsito, tassa kim aññaṃ āṇaṇyaṃ bhavissati? Nanu maṃ Bhagavā rājā viya saka-kavaca-issariyānuppadānena attano kulavaṃsa-ppatiṭṭhāpakaṃ puttaṃ ‘saddhammavaṃsa-ppatiṭṭhāpako me ayaṃ bhavissatī’ ti mantvā iminā asādhāraṇena anuggahena anuggahesi, imāya ca uḷārāya pasaṃsāya pasaṃsī” ti cintayanto dhammavinaya-saṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesi. Yathāha –

“Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘ekam idāhaṃ, āvuso, samayaṃ Pāvāya Kusināraṃ addhāna-magga-ppaṭipanno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehī” ti (cūḷava. 437)

sabbaṃ Subhaddakaṇḍaṃ vitthārato veditabbaṃ. Atthaṃ pan’assa Mahāparinibbānāvasāne āgataṭṭhāne yeva kathayissāma.

Tato paraṃ āha –

“Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyāma, pure adhammo dippati, dhammo paṭibāhiyyati; pure avinayo dippati, vinayo paṭibāhiyyati; pure adhammavādino balavanto honti, dhammavādino dubbalā honti, pure avinayavādino balavanto honti, vinayavādino dubbalā hontī” ti. (cūḷava. 437)

Bhikkhū āhaṃsu –

“Tena hi, bhante, thero bhikkhū uccinatū” ti.

Thero pana sakala-navaṅga-satthusāsana-pariyatti-dhare puthujjana-sotāpanna-sakadāgāmi-anāgāmi-sukkhavipassaka-khīṇāsavabhikkhū anekasate anekasahasse ca vajjetvā tipiṭaka-sabbapariyatti-ppabheda-dhare paṭisambhidāppatte mahānubhāve yebhuyyena Bhagavato etad aggaṃ āropite tevijjādibhede khīṇāsavabhikkhū yeva ekūnapañcasate pariggahesi. Ye sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ –

“Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo ekenūnāni pañca arahantasatāni uccinī” ti. (cūḷava. 437)

Kissa pana thero eken’ūnam akāsī ti? Āyasmato Ānandattherassa okāsakaraṇatthaṃ. Tena h’āyasmatā sahāpi vinā pi na sakkā dhammasaṅgītiṃ kātuṃ, so h’āyasmā sekkho sakaraṇīyo, tasmā sahāpi na sakkā. Yasmā pan’assa kiñci Dasabala-desitaṃ suttageyyādikaṃ appaccakkhaṃ nāma natthi. Yathāha –

“Dvāsīti Buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhuto;
caturāsīti sahassāni, ye me dhammā pavattino” ti. (theragā. 1027)

tasmā vinā pi na sakkā.

Yadi evaṃ sekkho pi samāno dhammasaṅgītiyā bahukārattā therena uccinitabbo assa, atha kasmā na uccinito ti? Parūpavāda-vivajjanato. Thero hi āyasmante Ānande ativiya vissattho ahosi, tathā hi naṃ sirasmiṃ palitesu jātesu pi

‘Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattam aññāsī’ ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154)

kumārakavādena ovadati, Sakyakula-ppasuto c’āyasmā Tathāgatassa bhātā cūḷapituputto. Tattha keci bhikkhū chandāgamanaṃ viya maññamānā – “bahū asekkha-paṭisambhidā-ppatte bhikkhū ṭhapetvā Ānandaṃ sekkha-paṭisambhidā-ppattaṃ thero uccinī” ti upavadeyyuṃ. Taṃ parūpavādaṃ parivajjento, “Ānandaṃ vinā dhammasaṅgītiṃ na sakkā kātuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ yeva naṃ anumatiyā gahessāmī” ti na uccini.

Atha sayam eva bhikkhū Ānandass’atthāya theraṃ yāciṃsu. Yathāha –

“Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ Mahākassapaṃ etad avocuṃ – ‘ayaṃ, bhante, āyasmā Ānando kiñcāpi sekkho abhabbo chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṃ gantuṃ, bahu cānena Bhagavato santike dhammo ca vinayo ca pariyatto, tena hi, bhante, thero āyasmantam pi Ānandaṃ uccinatū’ ti. Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo āyasmantam pi Ānandaṃ uccinī” ti. (cūḷava. 437)

Evaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anumatiyā uccinitena ten’āyasmatā saddhiṃ pañcatherasatāni ahesuṃ.

Atha kho therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etad ahosi – “kattha nu kho mayaṃ dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyeyyāmā” ti? Atha kho therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etad ahosi – “Rājagahaṃ kho mahāgocaraṃ pahūtasenāsanaṃ, yaṃ nūna mayaṃ Rājagahe vassaṃ vasantā dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyeyyāma, na aññe bhikkhū Rājagahe vassaṃ upagaccheyyun” ti. (cūḷava. 437)

Kasmā pana nesaṃ etad ahosi? “Idaṃ pana amhākaṃ thāvarakammaṃ, koci visabhāgapuggalo saṅghamajjhaṃ pavisitvā ukkoṭeyyā” ti.

Ath’āyasmā Mahākassapo ñattidutiyena kammena sāvesi –

“Suṇātu me, āvuso saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ saṅgho imāni pañca bhikkhusatāni sammanneyya Rājagahe vassaṃ vasantāni dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi Rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabban” ti.

Esā ñatti.

“Suṇātu me, āvuso saṅgho, imāni pañcabhikkhusatāni sammannati Rājagahe vassaṃ vasantāni dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi Rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabban ti.

Yass’āyasmato khamati imesaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ sammuti Rājagahe vassaṃ vasantānaṃ dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi Rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabban ti, so tuṇh’assa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.

“Sammatāni saṅghena imāni pañcabhikkhusatāni Rājagahe vassaṃ vasantāni dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi Rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabban ti, khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evam etaṃ dhārayāmī” ti. (cūḷava. 438)

Ayaṃ pana kammavācā Tathāgatassa parinibbānato ekavīsatime divase katā. Bhagavā hi Visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ paccūsasamaye parinibbuto, ath’assa sattāhaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ gandhamālādīhi pūjayiṃsu, evaṃ sattāhaṃ sādhukīḷanadivasā nāma ahesuṃ, tato sattāhaṃ citakāya agginā jhāyi, sattāhaṃ sattipañjaraṃ katvā sandhāgāra-sālāyaṃ dhātupūjaṃ kariṃsū ti, ekavīsati divasā gatā, Jeṭṭhamūla-sukkapakkha-pañcamiyaṃ yeva dhātuyo bhājayiṃsu. Etasmiṃ dhātubhājanadivase sannipatitassa mahābhikkhusaṅghassa Subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitena kataṃ anācāraṃ ārocetvā vuttanayen’eva ca bhikkhū uccinitvā ayaṃ kammavācā katā.

Imañ ca pana kammavācaṃ katvā thero bhikkhū āmantesi – “āvuso, idāni tumhākaṃ cattālīsa divasā okāso kato, tato paraṃ ‘ayaṃ nāma no palibodho atthī’ ti, vattuṃ na labbhā, tasmā etth’antare yassa rogapalibodho vā ācariyupajjhāyapalibodho vā mātāpitupalibodho vā atthi, pattaṃ vā pana pacitabbaṃ, cīvaraṃ vā kātabbaṃ, so taṃ palibodhaṃ chinditvā taṃ karaṇīyaṃ karotū” ti.

Evañ ca pana vatvā thero attano pañcasatāya parisāya parivuto Rājagahaṃ gato. Aññe pi mahātherā attano attano parivāre gahetvā sokasalla-samappitaṃ mahājanaṃ assāsetukāmā taṃ taṃ disaṃ pakkantā. Puṇṇatthero pana sattasatabhikkhuparivāro ‘Tathāgatassa parinibbānaṭṭhānaṃ āgatāgataṃ mahājanaṃ assāsessāmī’ ti Kusinārāyaṃ yeva aṭṭhāsi.

Āyasmā Ānando yathā pubbe aparinibbutassa, evaṃ parinibbutassāpi Bhagavato sayam eva pattacīvaram ādāya pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ yena Sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Gacchato gacchato pan’assa parivārā bhikkhū gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā. Ten’āyasmatā gatagataṭṭhāne mahāparidevo ahosi. Anupubbena pana Sāvatthim anuppatte there Sāvatthivāsino manussā “thero kira āgato” ti sutvā gandhamālādihatthā paccuggantvā – “bhante, Ānanda, pubbe Bhagavatā saddhiṃ āgacchatha, ajja kuhiṃ Bhagavantaṃ ṭhapetvā āgatatthā” ti ādīni vadamānā parodiṃsu. Buddhassa Bhagavato parinibbānadivase viya mahāparidevo ahosi.

Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā Ānando aniccatādi-paṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyākathāya taṃ mahājanaṃ saññāpetvā Jetavanaṃ pavisitvā Dasabalena vasitagandhakuṭiṃ vanditvā dvāraṃ vivaritvā mañcapīṭhaṃ nīharitvā papphoṭetvā gandhakuṭiṃ sammajjitvā milātamālā-kacavaraṃ chaḍḍetvā mañcapīṭhaṃ atiharitvā puna yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvā Bhagavato ṭhitakāle karaṇīyaṃ vattaṃ sabbam akāsi. Kurumāno ca nhānakoṭṭhaka-sammajjana-udakupaṭṭhāpanādi-kālesu gandhakuṭiṃ vanditvā – “nanu Bhagavā, ayaṃ tumhākaṃ nhānakālo, ayaṃ dhammadesanākālo, ayaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ovādadānakālo, ayaṃ sīhaseyya-kappanakālo, ayaṃ mukhadhovanakālo” ti ādinā nayena paridevamāno va akāsi, yathā taṃ Bhagavato guṇagaṇāmatarasa-ññutāya patiṭṭhitapemo c’eva akhīṇāsavo ca anekesu ca jātisatasahassesu aññamaññassūpakāra-sañjanita-citta-maddavo.

Tam enaṃ aññatarā devatā – “bhante, Ānanda, tumhe evaṃ paridevamānā kathaṃ aññe assāsessathā” ti saṃvejesi. So tassā vacanena saṃviggahadayo santhambhitvā Tathāgatassa parinibbānato pabhuti ṭhānanisajja-bahulattā ussanna-dhātukaṃ kāyaṃ samassāsetuṃ dutiyadivase khīravirecanaṃ pivitvā vihāre yeva nisīdi. Yaṃ sandhāya Subhena māṇavena pahitaṃ māṇavakaṃ etad avoca –

“Akālo, kho māṇavaka, atthi me ajja bhesajjamattā pītā, app eva nāma sve pi upasaṅkameyyāmā” ti. (dī. ni. 1.447)

Dutiyadivase Cetakattherena pacchāsamaṇena gantvā Subhena māṇavena puṭṭho imasmiṃ Dīghanikāye Subhasuttaṃ nāma dasamaṃ suttaṃ abhāsi.

Atha Ānandatthero Jetavanamahāvihāre khaṇḍaphulla-ppaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ kārāpetvā upakaṭṭhāya vassūpanāyikāya bhikkhusaṅghaṃ ohāya Rājagahaṃ gato, tathā aññe pi dhammasaṅgāhakā bhikkhū ti. Evañ hi gate, te sandhāya ca idaṃ vuttaṃ –

“Atha kho therā bhikkhū Rājagahaṃ agamaṃsu, dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyitun” ti. (cūḷava. 438)

Te Āsaḷhīpuṇṇamāyaṃ uposathaṃ katvā pāṭipadadivase sannipatitvā vassaṃ upagacchiṃsu.

Tena kho pana samayena Rājagahaṃ parivāretvā aṭṭhārasa mahāvihārā honti, te sabbe pi chaḍḍita-patita-uklāpā ahesuṃ. Bhagavato hi parinibbāne sabbe pi bhikkhū attano attano pattacīvaram ādāya vihāre ca pariveṇe ca chaḍḍetvā agamaṃsu. Tattha katikavattaṃ kurumānā therā Bhagavato vacanapūjanatthaṃ titthiyavāda-parimocanatthañ ca – ‘paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ karomā’ ti cintesuṃ. Titthiyā hi evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – “samaṇassa Gotamassa sāvakā satthari ṭhite yeva vihāre paṭijaggiṃsu, parinibbute chaḍḍesuṃ, kulānaṃ mahādhanapariccāgo vinassatī” ti. Tesañ ca vādaparimocanatthaṃ cintesun ti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ cintayitvā ca pana katikavattaṃ kariṃsu. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

“Atha kho therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etad ahosi – Bhagavatā kho, āvuso, khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ vaṇṇitaṃ, handa mayaṃ, āvuso, paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ karoma, majjhimaṃ māsaṃ sannipatitvā dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyissāmā” ti. (cūḷava. 438)

Te dutiyadivase gantvā rājadvāre aṭṭhaṃsu. Rājā āgantvā vanditvā – “kiṃ bhante, āgatatthā” ti attanā kattabbakiccaṃ pucchi. Therā aṭṭhārasa mahāvihāra-paṭisaṅkharaṇatthāya hatthakammaṃ paṭivedesuṃ. Rājā hatthakamma-kārake manusse adāsi. Therā paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ sabbavihāre paṭisaṅkharāpetvā rañño ārocesuṃ – “niṭṭhitaṃ, mahārāja, vihārapaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ, idāni dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ karomā” ti. “Sādhu bhante visaṭṭhā karotha, mayhaṃ āṇācakkaṃ, tumhākañ ca dhammacakkaṃ hotu, āṇāpetha, bhante, kiṃ karomī” ti. “Saṅgahaṃ karontānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sannisajjaṭṭhānaṃ mahārājā” ti. “Kattha karomi, bhante” ti? “Vebhārapabbatapasse sattapaṇṇi guhādvāre kātuṃ yuttaṃ mahārājā” ti.

“Sādhu, bhante” ti kho rājā Ajātasattu Vissakammunā nimmitasadisaṃ suvibhatta-bhitti-thambha-sopānaṃ, nānāvidha-mālākamma-latākamma-vicittaṃ, abhibhavantam iva rājabhavana-vibhūtiṃ, avahasantam iva devavimānasiriṃ, siriyā niketanam iva, ekanipātatittham iva ca devamanussa-nayana-vihaṃgānaṃ, lokarāmaṇeyyakam iva sampiṇḍitaṃ daṭṭhabba-sāra-maṇḍaṃ maṇḍapaṃ kārāpetvā, vividha-kusuma-dāmolambaka-viniggalanta-cāru-vitānaṃ nānāratana-vicitta-maṇi-koṭṭima-talam iva ca, naṃ nānāpupphūpahāra-vicitta-supariniṭṭhita-bhūmikammaṃ brahmavimāna-sadisaṃ alaṅkaritvā, tasmiṃ mahāmaṇḍape pañcasatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anagghāni pañca kappiya-paccattharaṇa-satāni paññapetvā, dakkhiṇabhāgaṃ nissāya uttarābhimukhaṃ therāsanaṃ, maṇḍapamajjhe puratthābhimukhaṃ Buddhassa Bhagavato āsanārahaṃ dhammāsanaṃ paññapetvā, dantakhacitaṃ bījaniñ c’ettha ṭhapetvā, bhikkhusaṅghassa ārocāpesi – “niṭṭhitaṃ, bhante, mama kiccan” ti.

Tasmiñ ca pana divase ekacce bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ Ānandaṃ sandhāya evam āhaṃsu – “imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe eko bhikkhu vissagandhaṃ vāyanto vicaratī” ti. Thero taṃ sutvā “imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe añño vissagandhaṃ vāyanto vicaraṇakabhikkhu nāma natthi, addhā ete maṃ sandhāya vadantī” ti saṃvegaṃ āpajji. Ekacce naṃ āhaṃsu yeva – “sve āvuso, Ānanda, sannipāto, tvañ ca sekkho sakaraṇīyo, tena te na yuttaṃ sannipātaṃ gantuṃ, appamatto hohī” ti.

Atha kho āyasmā Ānando – “sve sannipāto, na kho me taṃ patirūpaṃ yvāhaṃ sekkho samāno sannipātaṃ gaccheyyan” ti, bahud eva rattiṃ kāyagatāya satiyā vītināmetvā rattiyā paccūsasamaye caṅkamā orohitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā “nipajjissāmī” ti kāyaṃ āvajjesi, dve pādā bhūmito muttā, apattañ ca sīsaṃ bimbohanaṃ, etasmiṃ antare anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci.

Ayañ hi āyasmā caṅkamena bahi vītināmetvā visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ asakkonto cintesi – “nanu maṃ Bhagavā etad avoca –

‘Katapuñño’si tvaṃ, Ānanda, padhānam anuyuñja, khippaṃ hohisi anāsavo’ ti. (dī. ni. 2.207)

buddhānañ ca kathādoso nāma natthi, mama pana accāraddhaṃ vīriyaṃ, tena me cittaṃ uddhaccāya saṃvattati, handāhaṃ vīriyasamataṃ yojemī” ti caṅkamā orohitvā pādadhovanaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā pāde dhovitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā mañcake nisīditvā, “thokaṃ vissamissāmī” ti kāyaṃ mañcake apanāmesi. Dve pādā bhūmito muttā, sīsaṃ bimbohanam appattaṃ, etasmiṃ antare anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, catu-iriyāpatha-virahitaṃ therassa arahattaṃ. Tena “imasmiṃ sāsane anipanno anisinno aṭṭhito acaṅkamanto ko bhikkhu arahattaṃ patto” ti vutte “Ānandatthero” ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati.

Atha therā bhikkhū dutiyadivase pañcamiyaṃ kāḷapakkhassa katabhattakiccā pattacīvaraṃ paṭisāmetvā dhammasabhāyaṃ sannipatiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā Ānando arahā samāno sannipātaṃ agamāsi. Kathaṃ agamāsi? “Idāni’mhi sannipātamajjhaṃ pavisanāraho” ti haṭṭhatuṭṭhacitto ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā bandhanā mutta-tālapakkaṃ viya, paṇḍukambale nikkhittajātimaṇi viya, vigata-valāhake nabhe samuggata-puṇṇacando viya, bālātapa-samphassa-vikasita-reṇu-piñjara-gabbhaṃ padumaṃ viya ca, parisuddhena pariyodātena sappabhena sassirīkena ca mukhavarena attano arahattappattiṃ ārocayamāno viya agamāsi.

Atha naṃ disvā āyasmato Mahākassapassa etad ahosi – “sobhati vata bho arahattappatto Ānando, sace satthā dhareyya, addhā ajj’Ānandassa sādhukāraṃ dadeyya, handa, dāni’ssāhaṃ satthārā dātabbaṃ sādhukāraṃ dadāmī” ti, tikkhattuṃ sādhukāram adāsi.

Majjhimabhāṇakā pana vadanti – “Ānandatthero attano arahattappattiṃ ñāpetukāmo bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ nāgato, bhikkhū yathāvuḍḍhaṃ attano attano pattāsane nisīdantā Ānandattherassa āsanaṃ ṭhapetvā nisinnā. Tattha keci evam āhaṃsu – ‘etaṃ āsanaṃ kassā’ ti? ‘Ānandassā’ ti. ‘Ānando pana kuhiṃ gato’ ti? Tasmiṃ samaye thero cintesi – ‘idāni mayhaṃ gamanakālo’ ti. Tato attano ānubhāvaṃ dassento pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā attano āsane yeva attānaṃ dassesī” ti. Ākāsena gantvā nisīdīti pi eke. Yathā vā tathā vā hotu, sabbathā pi taṃ disvā āyasmato Mahākassapassa sādhukāradānaṃ yuttam eva.

Evaṃ āgate pana tasmiṃ āyasmante Mahākassapatthero bhikkhū āmantesi – “āvuso, kiṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāma, dhammaṃ vā vinayaṃ vā” ti? Bhikkhū āhaṃsu – “bhante, Mahākassapa, vinayo nāma buddhasāsanassa āyu, vinaye ṭhite sāsanaṃ ṭhitaṃ nāma hoti, tasmā paṭhamaṃ vinayaṃ saṅgāyāmā” ti. “Kaṃ dhuraṃ katvā” ti? “Āyasmantaṃ Upālin” ti. “Kiṃ Ānando nappahotī” ti? “No nappahoti, api ca kho pana Sammāsambuddho dharamāno yeva vinayapariyattiṃ nissāya āyasmantaṃ Upāliṃ etadagge ṭhapesi –

‘Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vinayadharānaṃ yad idaṃ Upālī’ ti. (a. ni. 1.228)

tasmā Upālittheraṃ pucchitvā vinayaṃ saṅgāyāmā” ti. Tato thero vinayaṃ pucchanatthāya attanā va attānaṃ sammanni, Upālitthero pi vissajjanatthāya sammanni.

Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –

Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo saṅghaṃ ñāpesi – “Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ Upāliṃ vinayaṃ puccheyyan” ti.

Āyasmā pi Upāli saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –

“Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ āyasmatā Mahākassapena vinayaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyyan” ti. (cūḷava. 439)

Evaṃ attānaṃ sammannitvā āyasmā Upāli uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā there bhikkhū vanditvā dhammāsane nisīdi dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ gahetvā. Tato Mahākassapatthero therāsane nisīditvā āyasmantaṃ Upāliṃ vinayaṃ pucchi.

“Paṭhamaṃ āvuso, Upāli, pārājikaṃ kattha paññattan” ti? “Vesāliyaṃ, bhante” ti. “Kaṃ ārabbhā” ti? “Sudinnaṃ Kalandaputtaṃ ārabbhā” ti. “Kismiṃ vatthusmin” ti? “Methunadhamme” ti. Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ Upāliṃ paṭhamassa pārājikassa vatthum pi pucchi, nidānam pi pucchi, puggalam pi pucchi, paññattim pi pucchi, anupaññattim pi pucchi, āpattim pi pucchi, anāpattim pi pucchi. (cūḷava. 439)

puṭṭho puṭṭho āyasmā Upāli vissajjesi.

Kiṃ pan’ettha paṭhamapārājike kiñci apanetabbaṃ vā pakkhipitabbaṃ vā atthi natthī ti? Apanetabbaṃ natthi. Buddhassa hi Bhagavato bhāsite apanetabbaṃ nāma natthi. Na hi Tathāgatā ekabyañjanam pi niratthakaṃ vadanti. Sāvakānaṃ pana devatānaṃ vā bhāsite apanetabbam pi hoti, taṃ dhammasaṅgāhakattherā apanayiṃsu. Pakkhipitabbaṃ pana sabbatthā pi atthi, tasmā yaṃ yattha pakkhipituṃ yuttaṃ, taṃ pakkhipiṃsu yeva. Kiṃ pana tan ti? “Tena samayenā” ti vā, “tena kho pana samayenā” ti vā, “atha kho” ti vā, “evaṃ vutte” ti vā, “etad avocā” ti vā, evamādikaṃ sambandha-vacana-mattaṃ. Evaṃ pakkhipitabba-yuttaṃ pakkhipitvā pana – “Idaṃ paṭhamapārājikan” ti ṭhapesuṃ.

Paṭhamapārājike saṅgaham ārūḷhe pañca arahantasatāni saṅgahaṃ āropitanayen’eva gaṇa-sajjhāyam akaṃsu – “Tena samayena Buddho Bhagavā Verañjāyaṃ viharatī” ti. Tesaṃ sajjhāyāraddha-kāle yeva sādhukāraṃ dadamānā viya mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā akampittha.

Eten’eva nayena sesāni tīṇi pārājikāni saṅgahaṃ āropetvā “idaṃ pārājikakaṇḍan” ti ṭhapesuṃ.

• Terasa saṅghādisesāni “terasakan” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Dve sikkhāpadāni “aniyatānī” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Tiṃsa sikkhāpadāni “nissaggiyāni pācittiyānī” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Dvenavuti sikkhāpadāni “pācittiyānī” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Cattāri sikkhāpadāni “pāṭidesanīyānī” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Pañcasattati sikkhāpadāni “sekhiyānī” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Satta dhamme “adhikaraṇasamathā” ti ṭhapesuṃ.

Evaṃ sattavīsādhikāni dve sikkhāpadasatāni “Mahāvibhaṅgo” ti kittetvā ṭhapesuṃ. Mahāvibhaṅgāvasāne pi purimanayen’eva mahāpathavī akampittha.

Tato Bhikkhunīvibhaṅge

• aṭṭha sikkhāpadāni “pārājikakaṇḍaṃ nāma idan” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Sattarasa sikkhāpadāni “sattarasakan” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Tiṃsa sikkhāpadāni “nissaggiyāni pācittiyānī” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Chasaṭṭhisatasikkhāpadāni “pācittiyānī” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Aṭṭha sikkhāpadāni “pāṭidesanīyānī” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Pañcasattati sikkhāpadāni “sekhiyānī” ti ṭhapesuṃ.
• Satta dhamme “adhikaraṇasamathā” ti ṭhapesuṃ.

Evaṃ tīṇi sikkhāpadasatāni cattāri ca sikkhāpadāni “Bhikkhunīvibhaṅgo” ti kittetvā – “ayaṃ Ubhato-vibhaṅgo nāma catusaṭṭhi-bhāṇavāro” ti ṭhapesuṃ. Ubhato-vibhaṅgāvasāne pi vuttanayen’eva mahāpathavikampo ahosi.

Eten’ev’upāyena asīti-bhāṇavāra-parimāṇaṃ Khandhakaṃ, pañcavīsati-bhāṇavāra-parimāṇaṃ Parivārañ ca saṅgahaṃ āropetvā “Idaṃ Vinayapiṭakaṃ nāmā” ti ṭhapesuṃ. Vinayapiṭakāvasāne pi vuttanayen’eva mahāpathavikampo ahosi.

Taṃ āyasmantaṃ Upāliṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ – “āvuso, imaṃ tuyhaṃ nissitake vācehī” ti. Vinayapiṭaka-saṅgahāvasāne Upālitthero dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ nikkhipitvā dhammāsanā orohitvā there bhikkhū vanditvā attano pattāsane nisīdi.

Vinayaṃ saṅgāyitvā dhammaṃ saṅgāyitukāmo āyasmā Mahākassapo bhikkhū pucchi – “dhammaṃ saṅgāyante hi kaṃ puggalaṃ dhuraṃ katvā dhammo saṅgāyitabbo” ti? Bhikkhū – “Ānandattheraṃ dhuraṃ katvā” ti āhaṃsu.

Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –

“Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ Ānandaṃ dhammaṃ puccheyyan” ti.

Atha kho āyasmā Ānando saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –

“Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ āyasmatā Mahākassapena dhammaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyyan” ti.

Atha kho āyasmā Ānando uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā there bhikkhū vanditvā dhammāsane nisīdi dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ gahetvā. Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo bhikkhū pucchi – “kataraṃ, āvuso, piṭakaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāmā” ti? “Suttantapiṭakaṃ, bhante” ti. “Suttantapiṭake catasso saṅgītiyo, tāsu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ saṅgītin” ti? “Dīghasaṅgītiṃ, bhante” ti. “Dīghasaṅgītiyaṃ catutiṃsa suttāni, tayo vaggā, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ vaggan” ti? “Sīlakkhandhavaggaṃ, bhante” ti. “Sīlakkhandhavagge terasa suttantā, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ suttan” ti? “Brahmajālasuttaṃ nāma bhante, tividhasīlālaṅkataṃ, nānāvidha-micchājīva-kuha-lapanādi-viddhaṃsanaṃ, dvāsaṭṭhi-diṭṭhi-jāla-viniveṭhanaṃ, dasasahassi-lokadhātu-kampanaṃ, taṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāmā” ti.

Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ Ānandaṃ etad avoca, “Brahmajālaṃ, āvuso Ānanda, kattha bhāsitan” ti? “Antarā ca, bhante, Rājagahaṃ antarā ca Nāḷandaṃ rājāgārake Ambalaṭṭhikāyan” ti. “Kaṃ ārabbhā” ti? “Suppiyañ ca paribbājakaṃ, Brahmadattañ ca māṇavan” ti. “Kismiṃ vatthusmin” ti? “Vaṇṇāvaṇṇe” ti. Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ Ānandaṃ Brahmajālassa nidānam pi pucchi, puggalam pi pucchi, vatthum pi pucchi. (cūḷava. 440) Āyasmā Ānando vissajjesi. Vissajjanāvasāne pañca arahantasatāni gaṇasajjhāyam akaṃsu. Vuttanayen’eva ca pathavikampo ahosi.

Evaṃ Brahmajālaṃ saṅgāyitvā tato paraṃ “Sāmaññaphalaṃ, pan’āvuso Ānanda, kattha bhāsitan” ti ādinā nayena pucchāvissajjanānukkamena saddhiṃ Brahmajālena sabbe pi terasa suttante saṅgāyitvā – “ayaṃ Sīlakkhandhavaggo nāmā” ti kittetvā ṭhapesuṃ.

Tad anantaraṃ Mahāvaggaṃ, tad anantaraṃ Pāthikavaggan ti, evaṃ tivaggasaṅgahaṃ catutiṃsa-sutta-paṭimaṇḍitaṃ catusaṭṭhi-bhāṇavāra-parimāṇaṃ tantiṃ saṅgāyitvā “ayaṃ Dīghanikāyo nāmā” ti vatvā āyasmantaṃ Ānandaṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ – “āvuso, imaṃ tuyhaṃ nissitake vācehī” ti.

Tato anantaraṃ asīti-bhāṇavāra-parimāṇaṃ Majjhimanikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā dhammasenāpati-Sāriputtattherassa nissitake paṭicchāpesuṃ – “imaṃ tumhe pariharathā” ti.

Tato anantaraṃ sata-bhāṇavāra-parimāṇaṃ Saṃyuttanikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā Mahākassapattheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ – “bhante, imaṃ tumhākaṃ nissitake vācethā” ti.

Tato anantaraṃ vīsati-bhāṇavāra-sata-parimāṇaṃ Aṅguttaranikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā Anuruddhattheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ – “imaṃ tumhākaṃ nissitake vācethā” ti.

Tato anantaraṃ Dhammasaṅgaha-Vibhaṅga-Dhātukathā-Puggalapaññatti-Kathāvatthu-Yamaka-Paṭṭhānaṃ Abhidhammo ti vuccati evaṃ saṃvaṇṇitaṃ sukhuma-ñāṇa-gocaraṃ tantiṃ saṅgāyitvā – “idaṃ Abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāmā” ti vatvā pañca arahantasatāni sajjhāyam akaṃsu. Vuttanayen’eva pathavikampo ahosī ti.

Tato paraṃ Jātakaṃ, Niddeso, Paṭisambhidāmaggo, Apadānaṃ, Suttanipāto, Khuddakapāṭho, Dhammapadaṃ, Udānaṃ, Itivuttakaṃ, Vimānavatthu, Petavatthu, Theragāthā, Therīgāthā ti imaṃ tantiṃ saṅgāyitvā “Khuddakagantho nāmāyan” ti ca vatvā “Abhidhammapiṭakasmiṃ yeva saṅgahaṃ āropayiṃsū” ti Dīghabhāṇakā vadanti. Majjhimabhāṇakā pana “Cariyāpiṭaka-Buddhavaṃsehi saddhiṃ sabbam p’etaṃ Khuddakaganthaṃ nāma Suttantapiṭake pariyāpannan” ti vadanti.

Evam etaṃ sabbam pi buddhavacanaṃ rasavasena ekavidhaṃ, dhamma-vinayavasena duvidhaṃ, paṭhama-majjhima-pacchima-vasena tividhaṃ, tathā piṭakavasena, nikāyavasena pañcavidhaṃ, aṅgavasena navavidhaṃ, dhammakkhandhavasena caturāsīti-sahassavidhan ti veditabbaṃ.

Kathaṃ rasavasena ekavidhaṃ? Yañ hi Bhagavatā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhitvā yāva anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, etth’antare pañca-cattālīsa-vassāni deva-manussa-nāga-yakkhādayo anusāsantena vā paccavekkhantena vā vuttaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ ekarasaṃ vimuttirasam eva hoti. Evaṃ rasavasena ekavidhaṃ.

Kathaṃ dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ? Sabbam eva c’etaṃ dhammo c’eva vinayo cā ti saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Tattha Vinayapiṭakaṃ vinayo, avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ dhammo. Ten’ev’āha “yannūna mayaṃ dhammañ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyeyyāmā” ti. (cūḷava. 437) “Ahaṃ Upāliṃ vinayaṃ puccheyyaṃ, Ānandaṃ dhammaṃ puccheyyan” ti ca. Evaṃ dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ.

Kathaṃ paṭhama-majjhima-pacchimavasena tividhaṃ? Sabbam eva h’idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ, majjhimabuddhavacanaṃ, pacchimabuddhavacanan ti tippabhedaṃ hoti. Tattha –

“Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;
gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.

Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;
sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;
visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayam ajjhagā” ti. (dha. pa. 153-54)

idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ. Keci “yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā” ti (mahāva. 1) Khandhake udānagāthaṃ vadanti. Esā pana pāṭipada-divase sabbaññubhāva-ppattassa somanassa-maya-ñāṇena paccayākāraṃ paccavekkhantassa uppannā udānagāthā ti veditabbā.

Yaṃ pana parinibbānakāle abhāsi –

“Handa dāni, bhikkhave, āmantayāmi vo, vayadhammā saṅkhārā, appamādena sampādethā” ti (dī. ni. 2.218)

idaṃ pacchimabuddhavacanaṃ. Ubhinnam antare yaṃ vuttaṃ, etaṃ majjhimabuddhavacanaṃ nāma. Evaṃ paṭhama-majjhima-pacchima-buddhavacana-vasena tividhaṃ.

Kathaṃ piṭakavasena tividhaṃ? Sabbam pi c’etaṃ Vinayapiṭakaṃ Suttantapiṭakaṃ Abhidhammapiṭakan ti tippabhedam eva hoti. Tattha paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ saṅgītañ ca asaṅgītañ ca sabbam pi samodhānetvā ubhayāni pātimokkhāni, dve vibhaṅgā, dvāvīsati khandhakā, soḷasaparivārā ti – idaṃ Vinayapiṭakaṃ nāma. Brahmajālādi-catuttiṃsa-sutta-saṅgaho Dīghanikāyo, Mūlapariyāya-suttādi-diyaḍḍha-satadve-sutta-saṅgaho Majjhimanikāyo, Oghataraṇa-suttādi-sattasuttasahassa-sattasata-dvāsaṭṭhi-sutta-saṅgaho Saṃyuttanikāyo, Cittapariyādāna-suttādi-navasuttasahassa-pañcasata-sattapaññāsa-sutta-saṅgaho Aṅguttaranikāyo, Khuddakapāṭha-Dhammapada-Udāna-Itivuttaka-Suttanipāta-Vimānavatthu-Petavatthu-Theragāthā-Therīgāthā-Jātaka-Niddesa-Paṭisambhidāmagga-Apadāna-Buddhavaṃsa-Cariyāpiṭaka-vasena pannarasa-ppabhedo Khuddakanikāyo ti – idaṃ Suttantapiṭakaṃ nāma. Dhammasaṅgaho, Vibhaṅgo, Dhātukathā, Puggalapaññatti, Kathāvatthu, Yamakaṃ, Paṭṭhānan ti – idaṃ Abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāma.

Tattha –

“Vividha-visesa-nayattā, vinayanato c’eva kāyavācānaṃ;
vinayattha-vidūhi ayaṃ, vinayo Vinayo ti akkhāto”.

Vividhā hi ettha pañcavidha-pātimokkhuddesa-pārājikādi-satta-āpattikkhandha-mātikā-vibhaṅgādi-ppabhedā nayā. Visesabhūtā ca daḷhīkamma-sithila-karaṇa-ppayojanā anupaññatti-nayā. Kāyika-vācasika-ajjhācāra-nisedhanato c’esa kāyaṃ vācañ ca vineti. Tasmā vividhanayattā visesanayattā kāyavācānaṃ vinayanato c’eva vinayo ti akkhāto. Ten’etam etassa vacanattha-kosallatthaṃ vuttaṃ –

“Vividha-visesa-nayattā, vinayanato c’eva kāyavācānaṃ;
vinayattha-vidūhi ayaṃ, vinayo Vinayo ti akkhāto” ti.

Itaraṃ pana –

“Atthānaṃ sūcanato suvuttato, savanato’tha sūdanato;
suttāṇā-suttasabhāgato ca, Suttan ti akkhātaṃ.

Tañ hi attattha-paratthādi-bhede atthe sūceti. Suvuttā c’ettha atthā, veneyyajjhāsayānulomena vuttattā. Savati c’etaṃ atthe sassam iva phalaṃ pasavatī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Sūdati c’etaṃ dhenu viya khīraṃ paggharāpetī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Suṭṭhu ca ne tāyati rakkhatī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Suttasabhāgañ c’etaṃ, yathā hi tacchakānaṃ suttaṃ pamāṇaṃ hoti, evam etam pi viññūnaṃ. Yathā ca suttena saṅgahitāni pupphāni na vikirīyanti, na viddhaṃsīyanti, evam eva tena saṅgahitā atthā. Ten’etam etassa vacanattha-kosallatthaṃ vuttaṃ –

“Atthānaṃ sūcanato suvuttato, savanato’tha sūdanato;
suttāṇā-suttasabhāgato ca, Suttan ti akkhātan” ti.

Itaro pana –

“Yaṃ ettha vuḍḍhimanto, salakkhaṇā pūjitā paricchinnā;
vuttādhikā ca dhammā, Abhidhammo tena akkhāto”.

Ayañ hi abhisaddo vuḍḍhi-lakkhaṇa-pūjita-paricchinnādhikesu dissati. Tathā h’esa

“Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamantī” ti (ma. ni. 3.389)

ādīsu vuḍḍhiyaṃ āgato,

“Yā tā rattiyo abhiññātā abhilakkhitā” ti (ma. ni. 1.49)

ādīsu salakkhaṇe,

“Rājābhirājā manujindo” ti (ma. ni. 2.399)

ādīsu pūjite,

“Paṭibalo vinetuṃ abhidhamme abhivinaye” ti (mahāva. 85)

ādīsu paricchinne, aññamañña-saṅkara-virahite dhamme ca vinaye cā ti vuttaṃ hoti,

“Abhikkantena vaṇṇenā” ti (vi. va. 819)

ādīsu adhike. Ettha ca

“Rūpūpapattiyā maggaṃ bhāveti” (dha. sa. 251)
“Mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī” ti (vibha. 642)

ādinā nayena vuḍḍhimanto pi dhammā vuttā,

“Rūpārammaṇaṃ vā saddārammaṇaṃ vā” ti (dha. sa. 1)

ādinā nayena ārammaṇādīhi lakkhaṇīyattā salakkhaṇāpi,

“Sekkhā dhammā, asekkhā dhammā, lokuttarā dhammā” ti (dha. sa. tikamātikā 11, dukamātikā 12)

ādinā nayena pūjitā pi, pūjārahā ti adhippāyo,

“Phasso hoti, vedanā hotī” ti (dha. sa. 1)

ādinā nayena sabhāva-paricchinnattā paricchinnā pi,

“Mahaggatā dhammā, appamāṇā dhammā (dha. sa. tikamātikā 11) anuttarā dhammā” ti (dha. sa. dukamātikā 11)

ādinā nayena adhikā pi dhammā vuttā. Ten’etam etassa vacanattha-kosallatthaṃ vuttaṃ –

“Yaṃ ettha vuḍḍhimanto, salakkhaṇā pūjitā paricchinnā;
vuttādhikā ca dhammā, Abhidhammo tena akkhāto” ti.

Yaṃ pan’ettha avisiṭṭhaṃ, taṃ –

“Piṭakaṃ piṭakatthavidū, pariyattibbhājanatthato āhu;
tena samodhānetvā, tayo pi vinayādayo ñeyyā”.

Pariyatti pi hi

“Mā piṭakasampadānenā” ti (a. ni. 3.66)

ādīsu piṭakan ti vuccati,

“Atha puriso āgaccheyya kudāla-piṭakam ādāyā” ti (a. ni. 3.70)

ādīsu yaṃ kiñci bhājanam pi, tasmā “piṭakaṃ piṭakatthavidū pariyatti-bhājanatthato āhu”. Idāni “tena samodhānetvā tayo pi vinayādayo ñeyyā” ti, tena evaṃ duvidhatthena piṭakasaddena saha samāsaṃ katvā, vinayo ca so piṭakañ ca pariyattibhāvato tassa tassa atthassa bhājanato cā ti Vinayapiṭakaṃ. Yathāvutten’eva nayena suttantañ ca taṃ piṭakañ cā ti Suttantapiṭakaṃ, abhidhammo ca so piṭakañ cā ti Abhidhammapiṭakan ti. Evam ete tayo pi vinayādayo ñeyyā.

Evaṃ ñatvā ca puna pi tesu yeva piṭakesu nānappakāra-kosallatthaṃ –

“Desanā-sāsana-kathā-bhedaṃ tesu yathārahaṃ;
sikkhā-ppahāna-gambhīra-bhāvañ ca paridīpaye.

Pariyatti-bhedaṃ sampattiṃ, vipattiñ cāpi yaṃ yahiṃ;
pāpuṇāti yathā bhikkhu, tam pi sabbaṃ vibhāvaye”.

Tatrāyaṃ paridīpanā vibhāvanā ca. Etāni hi tīṇi piṭakāni yathākkamaṃ āṇā-vohāra-paramattha-desanā, yathāparādha-yathānuloma-yathādhamma-sāsanāni, saṃvarāsaṃvara-diṭṭhiviniveṭhana-nāmarūpapariccheda-kathā ti ca vuccanti.

Ettha hi Vinayapiṭakaṃ āṇārahena Bhagavatā āṇābāhullato desitattā āṇā-desanā, Suttantapiṭakaṃ vohārakusalena Bhagavatā vohārabāhullato desitattā vohāra-desanā, Abhidhammapiṭakaṃ paramatthakusalena Bhagavatā paramatthabāhullato desitattā paramattha-desanā ti vuccati.

Tathā paṭhamaṃ – “ye te pacurāparādhā sattā, te yathāparādhaṃ ettha sāsitā” ti yathāparādha-sāsanaṃ, dutiyaṃ – “anekajjhāsayānusaya-cariyādhimuttikā sattā yathānulomaṃ ettha sāsitā” ti yathānuloma-sāsanaṃ, tatiyaṃ – “dhammapuñjamatte ‘ahaṃ mamā’ ti saññino sattā yathādhammaṃ ettha sāsitā” ti yathādhamma-sāsanan ti vuccati.

Tathā paṭhamaṃ – “ajjhācāra-paṭipakkha-bhūto saṃvarāsaṃvaro ettha kathito” ti saṃvarāsaṃvara-kathā, saṃvarāsaṃvaro ti khuddako c’eva mahanto ca saṃvaro, kammākammaṃ viya, phalāphalaṃ viya ca, dutiyaṃ – “dvāsaṭṭhi-diṭṭhi-paṭipakkha-bhūtā diṭṭhiviniveṭhanā ettha kathitā” ti diṭṭhiviniveṭhana-kathā, tatiyaṃ – “rāgādi-paṭipakkha-bhūto nāmarūpa-paricchedo ettha kathito” ti nāmarūpapariccheda-kathā ti vuccati.

Tīsu pi c’etesu tisso sikkhā, tīṇi pahānāni, catubbidho ca gambhīrabhāvo veditabbo. Tathā hi Vinayapiṭake visesena adhisīlasikkhā vuttā, Suttantapiṭake adhicittasikkhā, Abhidhammapiṭake adhipaññāsikkhā.

Vinayapiṭake ca vītikkama-ppahānaṃ, kilesānaṃ vītikkama-paṭipakkhattā sīlassa. Suttantapiṭake pariyuṭṭhāna-ppahānaṃ, pariyuṭṭhāna-paṭipakkhattā samādhissa. Abhidhammapiṭake anusaya-ppahānaṃ, anusaya-paṭipakkhattā paññāya. Paṭhame ca tadaṅga-ppahānaṃ, itaresu vikkhambhana-samuccheda-ppahānāni. Paṭhame ca duccarita-saṃkilesa-ppahānaṃ, itaresu taṇhā-diṭṭhi-saṃkilesa-ppahānaṃ.

Ekamekasmiñ c’ettha catubbidho pi dhammattha-desanā-paṭivedha-gambhīrabhāvo veditabbo. Tattha dhammo ti tanti. Attho ti tassā yeva attho. Desanā ti tassā manasā vavatthāpitāya tantiyā desanā. Paṭivedho ti tantiyā tanti-atthassa ca yathābhūtāvabodho. Tīsu pi c’etesu ete dhammattha-desanā-paṭivedhā. Yasmā sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo mandabuddhīhi dukkhogāḷhā alabbhaneyya-patiṭṭhā ca, tasmā gambhīrā. Evaṃ ekamekasmiṃ ettha catubbidho pi gambhīrabhāvo veditabbo.

Aparo nayo dhammo ti hetu, vuttañ h’etaṃ – “hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā” ti. Attho ti hetuphalaṃ, vuttañ h’etaṃ – “hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā” ti. (vibha. 720) Desanā ti paññatti, yathā dhammaṃ dhammābhilāpo ti adhippāyo, anuloma-paṭiloma-saṅkhepa-vitthārādi-vasena vā kathanaṃ. Paṭivedho ti abhisamayo, so ca lokiyalokuttaro visayato asammohato ca, atthānurūpaṃ dhammesu, dhammānurūpaṃ atthesu, paññattipathānurūpaṃ paññattīsu avabodho. Tesaṃ tesaṃ vā tattha tattha vuttadhammānaṃ paṭivijjhitabbo salakkhaṇa-saṅkhāto aviparīta-sabhāvo.

Idāni yasmā etesu piṭakesu yaṃ yaṃ dhammajātaṃ vā atthajātaṃ vā, yā cāyaṃ yathā yathā ñāpetabbo attho sotūnaṃ ñāṇassa abhimukho hoti, tathā tathā tadatthajotikā desanā, yo c’ettha aviparītāvabodha-saṅkhāto paṭivedho, tesaṃ tesaṃ vā dhammānaṃ paṭivijjhitabbo salakkhaṇa-saṅkhāto aviparīta-sabhāvo, sabbam p’etaṃ anupacita-kusala-sambhārehi duppaññehi sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo dukkhogāḷhaṃ alabbhaneyya-patiṭṭhañ ca, tasmā gambhīraṃ. Evam pi ekamekasmiṃ ettha catubbidho pi gambhīrabhāvo veditabbo.

Ettāvatā ca –

“Desanā-sāsana-kathā-bhedaṃ tesu yathārahaṃ;
sikkhā-ppahāna-gambhīra-bhāvañ ca paridīpaye” ti –

ayaṃ gāthā vuttatthā va hoti.

Pariyatti-bhedaṃ sampattiṃ, vipattiñ cāpi yaṃ yahiṃ;
pāpuṇāti yathā bhikkhu, tam pi sabbaṃ vibhāvaye” ti –

Ettha pana tīsu piṭakesu tividho pariyattibhedo daṭṭhabbo. Tisso hi pariyattiyo – alagaddūpamā nissaraṇatthā bhaṇḍāgārika-pariyattī ti. Tattha yā duggahitā, upārambhādi-hetu pariyāpuṭā, ayaṃ alagaddūpamā. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso alagaddatthiko alagaddagavesī alagaddapariyesanaṃ caramāno, so passeyya mahantaṃ alagaddaṃ, tam enaṃ bhoge vā naṅguṭṭhe vā gaṇheyya, tassa so alagaddo paṭiparivattitvā hatthe vā bāhāyaṃ vā aññatarasmiṃ vā aṅgapaccaṅge ḍaṃseyya, so tato nidānaṃ maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya, maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Duggahitattā, bhikkhave, alagaddassa.

Evam eva kho, bhikkhave, idh’ekacce moghapurisā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti – suttaṃ…pe… vedallaṃ, te taṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā tesaṃ dhammānaṃ paññāya atthaṃ na upaparikkhanti, tesaṃ te dhammā paññāya atthaṃ anupaparikkhataṃ na nijjhānaṃ khamanti, te upārambhānisaṃsā c’eva dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti itivādappamokkhānisaṃsā ca, yassa c’atthāya dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, tañ c’assa atthaṃ nānubhonti, tesaṃ te dhammā duggahitā dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Duggahitattā, bhikkhave, dhammānan” ti. (ma. ni. 1.238)

Yā pana suggahitā sīlakkhandhādi-pāripūriṃ yeva ākaṅkhamānena pariyāpuṭā, na upārambhādihetu, ayaṃ nissaraṇatthā. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

“Tesaṃ te dhammā suggahitā dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Suggahitattā, bhikkhave, dhammānan” ti. (ma. ni. 1.239)

Yaṃ pana pariññātakkhandho pahīnakileso bhāvitamaggo paṭividdhākuppo sacchikatanirodho khīṇāsavo kevalaṃ paveṇī-pālanatthāya vaṃsānurakkhaṇatthāya pariyāpuṇāti, ayaṃ bhaṇḍāgārika-pariyattī ti.

Vinaye pana suppaṭipanno bhikkhu sīlasampadaṃ nissāya tisso vijjā pāpuṇāti, tāsaṃ yeva ca tattha pabhedavacanato. Sutte suppaṭipanno samādhisampadaṃ nissāya cha abhiññā pāpuṇāti, tāsaṃ yeva ca tattha pabhedavacanato. Abhidhamme suppaṭipanno paññāsampadaṃ nissāya catasso paṭisambhidā pāpuṇāti, tāsañ ca tatth’eva pabhedavacanato. Evam etesu suppaṭipanno yathākkamena imaṃ vijjāttaya-chaḷabhiññā-catuppaṭisambhidā-bhedaṃ sampattiṃ pāpuṇāti.

Vinaye pana duppaṭipanno anuññāta-sukhasamphassa-attharaṇa-pāvuraṇādi-phassa-sāmaññato paṭikkhittesu upādinnaka-phassādīsu anavajjasaññī hoti. Vuttam pi h’etaṃ –

“Tathāhaṃ Bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā ye’me antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā Bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā” ti. (ma. ni. 1.234)

tato dussīlabhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti. Sutte duppaṭipanno “cattāro’me, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā” ti. (a. ni. 4.5) ādīsu adhippāyaṃ ajānanto duggahitaṃ gaṇhāti. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

“Attanā duggahitena amhe c’eva abbhācikkhati, attānañ ca khaṇati, bahuñ ca apuññaṃ pasavatī” ti (ma. ni. 1.236)

tato micchādiṭṭhitaṃ pāpuṇāti. Abhidhamme duppaṭipanno dhammacintaṃ atidhāvanto acinteyyāni pi cinteti, tato cittakkhepaṃ pāpuṇāti. Vuttañ h’etaṃ –

“Cattār’imāni, bhikkhave, acinteyyāni, na cintetabbāni, yāni cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā” ti. (a. ni. 4.77)

Evam etesu duppaṭipanno yathākkamena imaṃ dussīlabhāva-micchādiṭṭhitā-cittakkhepabhedaṃ vipattiṃ pāpuṇātī ti.

Ettāvatā ca –

Pariyatti-bhedaṃ sampattiṃ, vipattiñ cāpi yaṃ yahiṃ;
pāpuṇāti yathā bhikkhu, tam pi sabbaṃ vibhāvaye” ti –

ayam pi gāthā vuttatthā va hoti. Evaṃ nānappakārato piṭakāni ñatvā tesaṃ vasen’etaṃ buddhavacanaṃ tividhan ti ñātabbaṃ.

Kathaṃ nikāyavasena pañcavidhaṃ? Sabbam eva c’etaṃ Dīghanikāyo, Majjhimanikāyo, Saṃyuttanikāyo, Aṅguttaranikāyo, Khuddakanikāyo ti pañcappabhedaṃ hoti. Tattha katamo Dīghanikāyo? Tivaggasaṅgahāni Brahmajālādīni catuttiṃsa suttāni.

“Catuttiṃs’eva suttantā, tivaggo yassa saṅgaho;
esa Dīghanikāyo ti, paṭhamo anulomiko” ti.

Kasmā pan’esa Dīghanikāyo ti vuccati? Dīghappamāṇānaṃ suttānaṃ samūhato nivāsato ca. Samūha-nivāsā hi nikāyo ti vuccanti.

“Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekanikāyam pi samanupassāmi evaṃ cittaṃ, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā”. (saṃ. ni. 2.100)

poṇika-nikāyo cikkhallika-nikāyo ti evamādīni c’ettha sādhakāni sāsanato lokato ca. Evaṃ sesānam pi nikāyabhāve vacanattho veditabbo.

Katamo Majjhimanikāyo? Majjhimappamāṇāni pañcadasavagga-saṅgahāni Mūlapariyāyasuttādīni diyaḍḍhasataṃ dve ca suttāni.

“Diyaḍḍha-sata-suttantā, dve ca suttāni yattha so;
nikāyo majjhimo pañca, dasavagga-pariggaho” ti.

Katamo Saṃyuttanikāyo? Devatāsaṃyuttādivasena kathitāni Oghataraṇādīni satta suttasahassāni satta ca suttasatāni dvāsaṭṭhi ca suttāni.

“Sattasutta-sahassāni, sattasutta-satāni ca;
dvāsaṭṭhi c’eva suttantā, eso saṃyuttasaṅgaho” ti.

Katamo Aṅguttaranikāyo? Ekeka-aṅgātireka-vasena kathitāni Cittapariyādānādīni nava suttasahassāni pañca suttasatāni sattapaññāsañ ca suttāni.

“Nava suttasahassāni, pañca suttasatāni ca;
sattapaññāsa suttāni, saṅkhyā aṅguttare ayan” ti.

Katamo Khuddakanikāyo? Sakalaṃ Vinayapiṭakaṃ, Abhidhammapiṭakaṃ, Khuddakapāṭhādayo ca pubbe dassitā pañcadasappabhedā, ṭhapetvā cattāro nikāye avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ.

“Ṭhapetvā caturo p’ete, nikāye Dīgha-ādike;
tad aññaṃ buddhavacanaṃ, nikāyo khuddako mato” ti.

Evaṃ nikāyavasena pañcavidhaṃ.

Kathaṃ aṅgavasena navavidhaṃ? Sabbam eva h’idaṃ suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthā, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ, vedallan ti navappabhedaṃ hoti. Tattha

1. Ubhato-Vibhaṅga-Niddesa-Khandhaka-Parivārā, Suttanipāte Maṅgalasutta-Ratanasutta-Nālakasutta-Tuvaṭṭakasuttāni ca aññam pi ca sutta-nāmakaṃ Tathāgatavacanaṃ suttan ti veditabbaṃ.
2. Sabbam pi Sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyan ti veditabbaṃ. Visesena Saṃyuttake sakalo pi Sagāthavaggo.
3. Sakalam pi Abhidhammapiṭakaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ, yañ ca aññam pi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi asaṅgahitaṃ buddhavacanaṃ, taṃ veyyākaraṇan ti veditabbaṃ.
4. Dhammapadaṃ, Theragāthā, Therīgāthā, Suttanipāte nosuttanāmikā suddhikagāthā ca gāthā ti veditabbā.
5. Somanassa-ññāṇamayika-gāthā paṭisaṃyuttā dve-asīti suttantā udānan ti veditabbaṃ.
6. “Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā” ti ādinayappavattā dasuttara-sata-suttantā itivuttakan ti veditabbaṃ.
7. Apaṇṇakajātakādīni paññāsādhikāni pañcajātakasatāni jātakan ti veditabbaṃ.
8. “Cattāro’me, bhikkhave, acchariyā abbhutā dhammā Ānande” ti ādinayappavattā (dī. ni. 2.209) sabbe pi acchariyabbhutadhamma-paṭisaṃyutta-suttantā abbhutadhamman ti veditabbaṃ.
9. Cūḷavedalla-Mahāvedalla-Sammādiṭṭhi-Sakkapañha-Saṅkhārabhājanīya-Mahāpuṇṇama-suttādayo sabbe pi vedañ ca tuṭṭhiñ ca laddhā laddhā pucchitasuttantā vedallan ti veditabbaṃ. Evaṃ aṅgavasena navavidhaṃ.

Kathaṃ dhammakkhandhavasena caturāsītisahassavidhaṃ? Sabbam eva c’etaṃ buddhavacanaṃ –

“Dvāsīti Buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhuto;
caturāsīti sahassāni, ye me dhammā pavattino” ti.

Evaṃ paridīpita-dhammakkhandha-vasena caturāsīti-sahassa-ppabhedaṃ hoti. Tattha ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ eko dhammakkhandho. Yaṃ anekānusandhikaṃ, tattha anusandhivasena dhammakkhandha-gaṇanā. Gāthābandhesu pañhāpucchanaṃ eko dhammakkhandho, vissajjanaṃ eko. Abhidhamme ekamekaṃ tika-duka-bhājanaṃ, ekamekañ ca cittavārabhājanaṃ, ekameko dhammakkhandho. Vinaye atthi vatthu, atthi mātikā, atthi padabhājanīyaṃ, atthi antarāpatti, atthi āpatti, atthi anāpatti, atthi tikacchedo, tattha ekameko koṭṭhāso ekameko dhammakkhandho ti veditabbo. Evaṃ dhammakkhandha-vasena caturāsītisahassavidhaṃ.

Evam etaṃ abhedato rasavasena ekavidhaṃ, bhedato dhammavinayādivasena duvidhādibhedaṃ buddhavacanaṃ saṅgāyantena Mahākassapappamukhena vasīgaṇena “ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ, idaṃ majjhimabuddhavacanaṃ, idaṃ pacchimabuddhavacanaṃ, idaṃ Vinayapiṭakaṃ, idaṃ Suttantapiṭakaṃ, idaṃ Abhidhammapiṭakaṃ, ayaṃ Dīghanikāyo…pe… ayaṃ Khuddakanikāyo, imāni suttādīni navaṅgāni, imāni caturāsīti dhammakkhandha-sahassānī” ti imaṃ pabhedaṃ vavatthapetvā va saṅgītaṃ. Na kevalañ ca imam eva, aññam pi uddānasaṅgaha-vaggasaṅgaha-peyyālasaṅgaha-ekakanipāta-dukanipātādi-nipātasaṅgaha-saṃyuttasaṅgaha-paṇṇāsasaṅgahādi-anekavidhaṃ tīsu piṭakesu sandissamānaṃ saṅgahappabhedaṃ vavatthapetvā eva sattahi māsehi saṅgītaṃ.

Saṅgītipariyosāne c’assa – “idaṃ Mahākassapattherena Dasabalassa sāsanaṃ pañcavassa-sahassa-parimāṇakālaṃ pavattana-samatthaṃ katan” ti sañjātappamodā sādhukāraṃ viya dadamānā ayaṃ mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā anekappakāraṃ kampi saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi, anekāni ca acchariyāni pāturahesun ti. Ayaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma, yā loke –

“Satehi pañcahi katā, tena pañcasatā ti ca;
thereh’eva katattā ca, therikā ti pavuccatī” ti.