梵网经注之二

Cūḷasīlavaṇṇanā

7

Appamattakaṃ kho pan’etaṃ, bhikkhave ti ko anusandhi? Idaṃ suttaṃ dvīhi padehi ābaddhaṃ vaṇṇena ca avaṇṇena ca. Tattha avaṇṇo – “iti p’etaṃ abhūtaṃ iti p’etaṃ atacchan” ti, etth’eva udakantaṃ patvā aggi viya nivatto. Vaṇṇo pana bhūtaṃ bhūtato paṭijānitabbaṃ – “iti p’etaṃ bhūtan” ti evaṃ anuvattati yeva. So pana duvidho Brahmadattena bhāsitavaṇṇo ca bhikkhusaṅghena acchariyaṃ āvuso ti ādinā nayena āraddhavaṇṇo ca. Tesu bhikkhusaṅghena vuttavaṇṇassa upari suññatāpakāsane anusandhiṃ dassessati. Idha pana Brahmadattena vuttavaṇṇassa anusandhiṃ dassetuṃ “appamattakaṃ kho pan’etaṃ, bhikkhave” ti desanā āraddhā.

Tattha appamattakan ti parittassa nāmaṃ. Oramattakan ti tass’eva vevacanaṃ. Mattā ti vuccati pamāṇaṃ. Appaṃ mattā etassā ti appamattakaṃ. Oraṃ mattā etassā ti oramattakaṃ. Sīlam eva sīlamattakaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – “appamattakaṃ kho, pan’etaṃ bhikkhave, oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ nāma yena Tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadāmī” ti ussāhaṃ katvā pi vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno puthujjano vadeyyā ti. Tattha siyā – nanu idaṃ sīlaṃ nāma yogino aggavibhūsanaṃ? Yathāhu porāṇā –

“Sīlaṃ yogissa’laṅkāro, sīlaṃ yogissa maṇḍanaṃ;
sīlehi’laṅkato yogī, maṇḍane aggataṃ gato” ti.

Bhagavatā pi ca anekesu suttasatesu sīlaṃ mahantam eva katvā kathitaṃ. Yathāha –

“ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo c’assaṃ manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cā’ ti, sīlesv ev’assa paripūrakārī” ti (ma. ni. 1.65) ca.

“Kikīva aṇḍaṃ, camarīva vāladhiṃ;
piyaṃ va puttaṃ, nayanaṃva ekakaṃ.
tath’eva sīlaṃ, anurakkhamānā;
supesalā hotha, sadā sagāravā” ti ca.

“Na pupphagandho paṭivātameti;
na candanaṃ taggaramallikā vā.
satañ ca gandho paṭivātameti;
sabbā disā sappuriso pavāyati.

Candanaṃ tagaraṃ vāpi, uppalaṃ atha vassikī;
etesaṃ gandhajātānaṃ, sīlagandho anuttaro.

Appamatto ayaṃ gandho, yvāyaṃ tagaracandanaṃ;
yo ca sīlavataṃ gandho, vāti devesu uttamo.

Tesaṃ sampannasīlānaṃ, appamādavihārinaṃ;
sammadaññā vimuttānaṃ, māro maggaṃ na vindatī” ti ca (dha. pa. 57)

“Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañ ca bhāvayaṃ;
ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan” ti ca (saṃ. ni. 1.23)

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye keci bījagāma-bhūtagāmā vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti, sabbe te pathaviṃ nissāya, pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya; evam ete bījagāma-bhūtagāmā vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti. Evam eva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya sattabojjhaṅge bhāvento sattabojjhaṅge bahulīkaronto vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ pāpuṇāti dhammesū” ti (saṃ. ni. 5.150) ca.

Evaṃ aññāni pi anekāni suttāni daṭṭhabbāni. Evam anekesu suttasatesu sīlaṃ mahantam eva katvā kathitaṃ. Taṃ “kasmā imasmiṃ ṭhāne appamattakan” ti āhā ti? Upari guṇe upanidhāya. Sīlañ hi samādhiṃ na pāpuṇāti, samādhi paññaṃ na pāpuṇāti, tasmā uparimaṃ upanidhāya heṭṭhimaṃ oramattakaṃ nāma hoti. Kathaṃ sīlaṃ samādhiṃ na pāpuṇāti? Bhagavā hi abhisambodhito sattame saṃvacchare Sāvatthinagara – dvāre kaṇḍambarukkhamūle dvādasayojane ratanamaṇḍape yojanappamāṇe ratanapallaṅke nisīditvā tiyojanike dibbasetacchatte dhāriyamāne dvādasayojanāya parisāya attādānaparidīpanaṃ titthiyamaddanaṃ – “uparimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati, heṭṭhimakāyato udakadhārā pavattati…pe… ekekalomakūpato aggikkhandho pavattati, ekekalomakūpato udakadhārā pavattati, channaṃ vaṇṇānan” ti ādinayappavattaṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dasseti. Tassa suvaṇṇavaṇṇasarīrato suvaṇṇavaṇṇā rasmiyo uggantvā yāva bhavaggā gacchanti, sakala-dasasahassa-cakkavāḷassa alaṅkaraṇakālo viya hoti, dutiyā dutiyā rasmiyo purimāya purimāya yamakayamakā viya ekakkhaṇe viya pavattanti.

Dvinnañ ca cittānaṃ ekakkhaṇe pavatti nāma natthi. Buddhānaṃ pana bhagavantānaṃ bhavaṅgaparivāsassa lahukatāya pañcahākārehi āciṇṇavasitāya ca, tā ekakkhaṇe viya pavattanti. Tassā tassā pana rasmiyā āvajjana-parikammādhiṭṭhānāni visuṃ visuṃ yeva.

Nīlarasmiatthāya hi Bhagavā nīlakasiṇaṃ samāpajjati, pītarasmiatthāya pītakasiṇaṃ, lohitaodātarasmiatthāya lohitaodātakasiṇaṃ, aggikkhandhatthāya tejokasiṇaṃ, udakadhāratthāya āpokasiṇaṃ samāpajjati. Satthā caṅkamati, nimmito tiṭṭhati vā nisīdati vā seyyaṃ vā kappetī ti sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Ettha ekam pi sīlassa kiccaṃ natthi, sabbaṃ samādhikiccam eva. Evaṃ sīlaṃ samādhiṃ na pāpuṇāti.

Yaṃ pana Bhagavā kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni pāramiyo pūretvā, ekūnatiṃsavassakāle cakkavattisirīnivāsabhūtā bhavanā nikkhamma anomānadītīre pabbajitvā, chabbassāni padhānayogaṃ katvā, visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ uruvelagāme sujātāya dinnaṃ pakkhittadibbojaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā, sāyanhasamaye dakkhiṇuttarena bodhimaṇḍaṃ pavisitvā assatthadumarājānaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā, pubbuttarabhāge ṭhito tiṇasanthāraṃ santharitvā, tisandhipallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā, caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ katvā, vīriyādhiṭṭhānaṃ adhiṭṭhāya, cuddasahatthapallaṅkavaragato suvaṇṇapīṭhe ṭhapitaṃ rajatakkhandhaṃ viya paññāsahatthaṃ bodhikkhandhaṃ piṭṭhito katvā, upari maṇichattena viya bodhisākhāya dhāriyamāno, suvaṇṇavaṇṇe cīvare pavāḷasadisesu bodhiaṅkuresu patamānesu, sūriye atthaṃ upagacchante mārabalaṃ vidhamitvā, paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā, majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhetvā, paccūsakāle sabbabuddhānamāciṇṇe paccayākāre ñāṇaṃ otāretvā, ānāpānacatutthajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā, tadeva pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā, maggapaṭipāṭiyā adhigatena catutthamaggena sabbakilese khepetvā sabbabuddhaguṇe paṭivijjhi, idamassa paññākiccaṃ. Evaṃ samādhi paññaṃ na pāpuṇāti.

Tattha yathā hatthe udakaṃ pātiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, pātiyaṃ udakaṃ ghaṭe udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, ghaṭe udakaṃ kolambe udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, kolambe udakaṃ cāṭiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, cāṭiyaṃ udakaṃ mahākumbhiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, mahākumbhiyaṃ udakaṃ kusobbhe udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, kusobbhe udakaṃ kandare udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, kandare udakaṃ kunnadiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, kunnadiyaṃ udakaṃ pañcamahānadiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, pañcamahānadiyaṃ udakaṃ cakkavāḷamahāsamudde udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti, cakkavāḷamahāsamudde udakaṃ Sinerupādake mahāsamudde udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti. Pātiyaṃ udakaṃ upanidhāya hatthe udakaṃ parittaṃ…pe… Sinerupādakamahāsamudde udakaṃ upanidhāya cakkavāḷamahāsamudde udakaṃ parittaṃ. Iti uparūpari udakaṃ bahukaṃ upādāya heṭṭhā heṭṭhā udakaṃ parittaṃ hoti.

Evam eva upari upari guṇe upādāya heṭṭhā heṭṭhā sīlaṃ appamattakaṃ oramattakanti veditabbaṃ. Tenāha – “appamattakaṃ kho pan’etaṃ, bhikkhave, oramattakaṃ sīlamattakan” ti.

Yena puthujjano ti, ettha –

“Duve puthujjanā vuttā, buddhenādiccabandhunā;
andho puthujjano eko, kalyāṇeko puthujjano” ti.

Tattha yassa khandhadhātuāyatanādīsu uggahaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇapaccavekkhaṇāni natthi, ayaṃ andhaputhujjano. Yassa tāni atthi, so kalyāṇaputhujjano. Duvidhopi pan’esa –

“Puthūnaṃ jananādīhi, kāraṇehi puthujjano;
puthujjanantogadhattā, puthuvāyaṃ jano iti”.

So hi puthūnaṃ nānappakārānaṃ kilesādīnaṃ jananādīhi kāraṇehi puthujjano. Yathāha –

“Puthu kilese janentīti puthujjanā, puthu avihatasakkāyadiṭṭhikāti puthujjanā, puthu satthārānaṃ mukhullokikāti puthujjanā, puthu sabbagatīhi avuṭṭhitāti puthujjanā, puthu nānābhisaṅkhāre abhisaṅkharontīti puthujjanā, puthu nānāoghehi vuyhanti, puthu santāpehi santappanti, puthu pariḷāhehi pariḍayhanti, puthu pañcasu kāmaguṇesu rattā giddhā gathitā mucchitā ajjhopannā laggā laggitā palibuddhāti puthujjanā, puthu pañcahi nīvaraṇehi āvutā nivutā ovutā pihitā paṭicchannā paṭikujjitāti puthujjanā” ti. Puthūnaṃ gaṇanapathamatītānaṃ ariyadhammaparammukhānaṃ nīcadhammasamācārānaṃ janānaṃ antogadhattāpi puthujjano, puthuvāyaṃ visuṃyeva saṅkhyaṃ gato visaṃsaṭṭho sīlasutādiguṇayuttehi ariyehi janehīti puthujjanoti.

Tathāgatassā ti aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi Bhagavā Tathāgato. Tathā āgato ti Tathāgato, tathā gato ti Tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgato ti Tathāgato, tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti Tathāgato, tathadassitāya Tathāgato, tathavāditāya Tathāgato, tathākāritāya Tathāgato, abhibhavanaṭṭhena Tathāgato ti.

Kathaṃ Bhagavā tathā āgato ti Tathāgato? Yathā sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpannā purimakā sammāsambuddhā āgatā, yathā Vipassī Bhagavā āgato, yathā sikhī Bhagavā, yathā vessabhū Bhagavā, yathā kakusandho Bhagavā, yathā koṇāgamano Bhagavā, yathā Kassapo Bhagavā āgato. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yena abhinīhārena ete bhagavanto āgatā, teneva amhākampi Bhagavā āgato. Atha vā yathā Vipassī Bhagavā…pe… yathā Kassapo Bhagavā dānapāramiṃ pūretvā, sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccaadhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramiṃ pūretvā, imā dasa pāramiyo, dasa upapāramiyo, dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā aṅgapariccāgaṃ, nayanadhanarajjaputtadārapariccāgan ti ime pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajitvā pubbayoga-pubbacariya-dhammakkhānañātattha-cariyādayo pūretvā buddhicariyāya koṭiṃ patvā āgato; tathā amhākampi Bhagavā āgato. Atha vā yathā Vipassī Bhagavā…pe… Kassapo Bhagavā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne, cattāro sammappadhāne, cattāro iddhipāde, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅge, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvetvā brūhetvā āgato, tathā amhākampi Bhagavā āgato. Evaṃ tathā āgato ti Tathāgato.

“Yath’eva lokamhi vipassiādayo,
sabbaññubhāvaṃ munayo idhāgatā;
tathā ayaṃ sakyamunīpi āgato,
Tathāgato vuccati tena cakkhumā” ti.

Evaṃ tathā āgato ti Tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathā gato ti Tathāgato? Yathā sampatijāto Vipassī Bhagavā gato…pe… Kassapo Bhagavā gato.

Kathañca so Bhagavā gato? So hi sampati jātova samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gato. Yathāha – “sampatijāto kho, Ānanda, bodhisatto samehi pādehi patiṭṭhahitvā uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gacchati, setamhi chatte anudhāriyamāne sabbā ca disā anuviloketi, āsabhiṃ vācaṃ bhāsati –

‘aggo’ham asmi lokassa, jeṭṭho’ham asmi lokassa, seṭṭho’ham asmi lokassa, ayam antimā jāti, natthi’dāni punabbhavo’ ti”. (dī. ni. 2.31)

Tañ c’assa gamanaṃ tathaṃ ahosi? Avitathaṃ anekesaṃ visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena. Yañ hi so sampatijāto va samehi pādehi patiṭṭhahi. Idam assa caturiddhipāda-paṭilābhassa pubbanimittaṃ.

Uttarābhimukhabhāvo pana sabbalokuttarabhāvassa pubbanimittaṃ.

Sattapadavītihāro, sattabojjhaṅga-ratana-paṭilābhassa.

“Suvaṇṇadaṇḍā vītipatanti cāmarā” ti, ettha vuttacāmarukkhepo pana sabbatitthiyanimmaddanassa.

Setacchattadhāraṇaṃ, arahattavimuttivaravimalasetacchattapaṭilābhassa.

Sattamapadūpari ṭhatvā sabbadisānuvilokanaṃ, sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhassa.

Āsabhivācābhāsanaṃ appaṭivattiyavaradhammacakkappavattanassa pubbanimittaṃ.

Tathā ayaṃ Bhagavā pi gato, tañ c’assa gamanaṃ tathaṃ ahosi, avitathaṃ, tesaṃ yeva visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena.

Tenāhu porāṇā –

“Muhuttajātova gavampatī yathā,
Samehi pādehi phusī vasundharaṃ;
So vikkamī satta padāni Gotamo,
Setañca chattaṃ anudhārayuṃ marū.

Gantvāna so satta padāni Gotamo,
Disā vilokesi samā samantato;
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ giramabbhudīrayi,
Sīho yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito” ti.

Evaṃ tathā gato ti Tathāgato.

Atha vā yathā Vipassī Bhagavā…pe… yathā Kassapo Bhagavā, ayam pi Bhagavā tath’eva nekkhammena kāmacchandaṃ pahāya gato, abyāpādena byāpādaṃ, ālokasaññāya thinamiddhaṃ, avikkhepena uddhaccakukkuccaṃ, dhammavavatthānena vicikicchaṃ pahāya ñāṇena avijjaṃ padāletvā, pāmojjena aratiṃ vinodetvā, paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇakavāṭaṃ ugghāṭetvā, dutiyajjhānena vitakkavicāraṃ vūpasametvā, tatiyajjhānena pītiṃ virājetvā, catutthajjhānena sukhadukkhaṃ pahāya, ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā rūpasaññāpaṭighasaññānānattasaññāyo samatikkamitvā, viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ, ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ samatikkamitvā gato.

Aniccānupassanāya niccasaññaṃ pahāya, dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññaṃ, anattānupassanāya attasaññaṃ, nibbidānupassanāya nandiṃ, virāgānupassanāya rāgaṃ, nirodhānupassanāya samudayaṃ, paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānaṃ, khayānupassanāya ghanasaññaṃ, vayānupassanāya āyūhanaṃ, vipariṇāmānupassanāya dhuvasaññaṃ, animittānupassanāya nimittaṃ, appaṇihitānupassanāya paṇidhiṃ, suññatānupassanāya abhinivesaṃ, adhipaññādhammavipassanāya sārādānābhinivesaṃ, yathābhūtañāṇadassanena sammohābhinivesaṃ, ādīnavānupassanāya ālayābhinivesaṃ, paṭisaṅkhānupassanāya appaṭisaṅkhaṃ, vivaṭṭānupassanāya saṃyogābhinivesaṃ, sotāpattimaggena diṭṭhekaṭṭhe kilese bhañjitvā, sakadāgāmimaggena oḷārike kilese pahāya, anāgāmimaggena aṇusahagate kilese samugghāṭetvā, arahattamaggena sabbakilese samucchinditvā gato. Evam pi tathā gato ti Tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgato ti Tathāgato? Pathavīdhātuyā kakkhaḷattalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ. Āpodhātuyā paggharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Tejodhātuyā uṇhattalakkhaṇaṃ. Vāyodhātuyā vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ. Ākāsadhātuyā asamphuṭṭhalakkhaṇaṃ. Viññāṇadhātuyā vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Rūpassa ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ. Vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ. Saññāya sañjānanalakkhaṇaṃ. Saṅkhārānaṃ abhisaṅkharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Viññāṇassa vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Vitakkassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ. Vicārassa anumajjanalakkhaṇaṃ pītiyā pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Sukhassa sātalakkhaṇaṃ. Cittekaggatāya avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ. Phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Saddhindriyassa adhimokkhalakkhaṇaṃ. Vīriyindriyassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ. Satindriyassa upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ. Samādhindriyassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ. Paññindriyassa pajānanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Saddhābalassa assaddhiye akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ. Vīriyabalassa kosajje, satibalassa muṭṭhassacce. Samādhibalassa uddhacce, paññābalassa avijjāya akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ.

Satisambojjhaṅgassa upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ. Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa pavicayalakkhaṇaṃ. Vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ. Pītisambojjhaṅgassa pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa vūpasamalakkhaṇaṃ. Samādhisambojjhaṅgassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ. Upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇaṃ.

Sammādiṭṭhiyā dassanalakkhaṇaṃ. Sammāsaṅkappassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ. Sammāvācāya pariggahalakkhaṇaṃ. Sammākammantassa samuṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ. Sammāājīvassa vodānalakkhaṇaṃ. Sammāvāyāmassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ. Sammāsatiyā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ. Sammāsamādhissa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ.

Avijjāya aññāṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Saṅkhārānaṃ cetanālakkhaṇaṃ. Viññāṇassa vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ. Nāmassa namanalakkhaṇaṃ. Rūpassa ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ. Saḷāyatanassa āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ. Phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ. Vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ. Taṇhāya hetulakkhaṇaṃ. Upādānassa gahaṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Bhavassa āyūhanalakkhaṇaṃ. Jātiyā nibbattilakkhaṇaṃ. Jarāya jīraṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Maraṇassa cutilakkhaṇaṃ.

Dhātūnaṃ suññatālakkhaṇaṃ. Āyatanānaṃ āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ. Satipaṭṭhānānaṃ upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ. Sammappadhānānaṃ padahanalakkhaṇaṃ. Iddhipādānaṃ ijjhanalakkhaṇaṃ. Indriyānaṃ adhipatilakkhaṇaṃ. Balānaṃ akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ. Bojjhaṅgānaṃ niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ. Maggassa hetulakkhaṇaṃ.

Saccānaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ. Samathassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ. Vipassanāya anupassanālakkhaṇaṃ. Samathavipassanānaṃ ekarasalakkhaṇaṃ. Yuganaddhānaṃ anativattanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Sīlavisuddhiyā saṃvaralakkhaṇaṃ. Cittavisuddhiyā avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ. Diṭṭhivisuddhiyā dassanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Khaye ñāṇassa samucchedanalakkhaṇaṃ. Anuppāde ñāṇassa passaddhilakkhaṇaṃ.

Chandassa mūlalakkhaṇaṃ. Manasikārassa samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇaṃ. Phassassa samodhānalakkhaṇaṃ. Vedanāya samosaraṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Samādhissa pamukhalakkhaṇaṃ. Satiyā ādhipateyyalakkhaṇaṃ. Paññāya tatuttariyalakkhaṇaṃ. Vimuttiyā sāralakkhaṇaṃ… amatogadhassa nibbānassa pariyosānalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ. Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ ñāṇagatiyā āgato avirajjhitvā patto anuppattoti Tathāgato. Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgato ti Tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti Tathāgato? Tathadhammā nāma cattāri ariyasaccāni. Yathāha – “cattār’imāni, bhikkhave, tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Katamāni cattāri? ‘Idaṃ dukkhan’ ti bhikkhave, tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathametan” ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1090) vitthāro. Tāni ca Bhagavā abhisambuddho, tasmā tathānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhisambuddhattā Tathāgatoti vuccati. Abhisambuddhattho h’ettha gatasaddo.

Api ca jarāmaraṇassa jātipaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho…pe…, saṅkhārānaṃ avijjāpaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho…pe…, tathā avijjāya saṅkhārānaṃ paccayaṭṭho, saṅkhārānaṃ viññāṇassa paccayaṭṭho…pe…, jātiyā jarāmaraṇassa paccayaṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho. Taṃ sabbaṃ Bhagavā abhisambuddho, tasmāpi tathānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhisambuddhattā Tathāgatoti vuccati. Evaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti Tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathadassitāya Tathāgato? Bhagavā yaṃ sadevake loke…pe…, sadevamanussāya pajāya aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthamāgacchantaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati. Evaṃ jānatā passatā ca, tena taṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhādivasena vā diṭṭhasutamutaviññātesu labbhamānakapadavasena vā. “Katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ? Yaṃ rūpaṃ catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ pītakan” ti ādinā. (dha. sa. 616) nayena anekehi nāmehi terasahi vārehi dvepaññāsāya nayehi vibhajjamānaṃ tathameva hoti, vitathaṃ natthi. Esa nayo sotadvārādīsupi āpāthaṃ āgacchantesu saddādīsu. Vuttañcetaṃ Bhagavatā – “yaṃ bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sadevamanussāya pajāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, tamahaṃ jānāmi. Tamahaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, taṃ Tathāgatassa viditaṃ, taṃ Tathāgato na upaṭṭhāsī” ti (a. ni. 4.24) Evaṃ tathadassitāya Tathāgato. Tattha tathadassī atthe Tathāgatoti padasambhavo veditabbo.

Kathaṃ tathavāditāya Tathāgato? Yaṃ rattiṃ Bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe aparājitapallaṅke nisinno tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ matthakaṃ madditvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, yañca rattiṃ yamakasālānamantare anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi, etthantare pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇe kāle paṭhamabodhiyāpi majjhimabodhiyāpi pacchimabodhiyāpi yaṃ Bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ – suttaṃ, geyyaṃ…pe… vedallaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ atthato ca byañjanato ca anupavajjaṃ, anūnamanadhikaṃ, sabbākāraparipuṇṇaṃ, rāgamadanimmadanaṃ, dosamohamadanimmadanaṃ. Natthi tattha vālaggamattampi avakkhalitaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ ekamuddikāya lañchitaṃ viya, ekanāḷiyā mitaṃ viya, ekatulāya tulitaṃ viya ca, tathameva hoti avitathaṃ anaññathaṃ. Tenāha – “yañca, cunda, rattiṃ Tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati, sabbaṃ taṃ tath’eva hoti, no aññathā. Tasmā ‘Tathāgato’ ti vuccatī” ti. (a. ni. 4.23) Gadattho h’ettha gatasaddo. Evaṃ tathavāditāya Tathāgato.

Api ca āgadanaṃ āgado, vacananti attho. Tayo aviparīto āgado assāti, da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā Tathāgatoti evametasmiṃ atthe padasiddhi veditabbā.

Kathaṃ tathākāritāya Tathāgato? Bhagavato hi vācāya kāyo anulometi, kāyassapi vācā, tasmā yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī ca hoti. Evaṃbhūtassa c’assa yathāvācā, kāyopi tathā gato pavattoti attho. Yathā ca kāyo, vācāpi tathā gatā pavattāti Tathāgato. Ten’ev’āha – “yathāvādī, bhikkhave, Tathāgato tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Iti yathāvādī tathākārī yathākārī tathāvādī. Tasmā ‘Tathāgato’ ti vuccatī” ti. (a. ni. 4.23) Evaṃ tathākāritāya Tathāgato.

Kathaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena Tathāgato? Upari bhavaggaṃ heṭṭhā avīciṃ pariyantaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sabbasatte abhibhavati sīlena pi samādhināpi paññāyapi vimuttiyāpi, vimuttiñāṇadassanena pi na tassa tulā vā pamāṇaṃ vā atthi; atulo appameyyo anuttaro rājātirājā devadevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā. Tenāha – “sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe… sadevamanussāya pajāya Tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī, tasmā ‘Tathāgato’ ti vuccatī” ti.

Tatrevaṃ padasiddhi veditabbā. Agado viya agado. Ko panesa? Desanāvilāsamayo c’eva puññussayo ca. Tena h’esa mahānubhāvo bhisakko dibbāgadena sappe viya sabbaparappavādino sadevakañca lokaṃ abhibhavati. Iti sabbālokābhibhavane tatho aviparīto desanāvilāsamayo c’eva puññussayo ca agado assāti. Da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā Tathāgatoti veditabbo. Evaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena Tathāgato.

Api ca tathāya gatotipi Tathāgato, tathaṃ gatotipi Tathāgato. Gato ti avagato, atīto patto paṭipannoti attho.

Tattha sakalalokaṃ tīraṇapariññāya tathāya gato avagatoti Tathāgato. Lokasamudayaṃ pahānapariññāya tathāya gato atītoti Tathāgato. Lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāya tathāya gato pattoti Tathāgato. Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ tathaṃ gato paṭipannoti Tathāgato. Tena vuttaṃ Bhagavatā –

“Loko, bhikkhave, Tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasmā Tathāgato visaṃyutto. Lokasamudayo, bhikkhave, Tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasamudayo Tathāgatassa pahīno. Lokanirodho, bhikkhave, Tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokanirodho Tathāgatassa sacchikato. Lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, bhikkhave, Tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā Tathāgatassa bhāvitā. Yaṃ bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sabbaṃ taṃ Tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ. Tasmā, Tathāgatoti vuccatī” ti. (a. ni. 4.23)

Tassapi evaṃ attho veditabbo. Idampi ca Tathāgatassa Tathāgatabhāvadīpane mukhamattameva. Sabbākārena pana Tathāgatova Tathāgatassa Tathāgatabhāvaṃ vaṇṇeyya.

Katamañ ca taṃ bhikkhave ti yena appamattakena oramattakena sīlamattakena puthujjano Tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya, taṃ katamanti pucchati? Tattha pucchā nāma adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā, diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā, vimaticchedanā pucchā, anumatipucchā, kathetukamyatā pucchāti pañcavidhā hoti.

Tattha katamā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ aññātaṃ hoti, adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ, tassa ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhāvanāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā.

Katamā diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ ñātaṃ hoti, diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ, tassa aññehi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā.

Katamā vimaticchedanā pucchā? Pakatiyā saṃsayapakkhando hoti, vimatipakkhando, dveḷhakajāto, “evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho, kinnu kho, kathaṃ nu kho” ti. So vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati. Ayaṃ vimaticchedanā pucchā.

Katamā anumatipucchā? Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ anumatiyā pañhaṃ pucchati – “taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā” ti. Aniccaṃ, bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā ti? Dukkhaṃ bhante ti (mahāva. 21) sabbaṃ vattabbaṃ, ayaṃ anumatipucchā.

Katamā kathetukamyatā pucchā? Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ kathetukamyatāya pañhaṃ pucchati. Cattāro’me, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānā. Katame cattāro?…Pe… aṭṭhime bhikkhave maggaṅgā. Katame aṭṭhāti, ayaṃ kathetukamyatā pucchā.

Iti imāsu pañcasu pucchāsu adiṭṭhassa tāva kassaci dhammassa abhāvato Tathāgatassa adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā natthi. “Idaṃ nāma aññehi paṇḍitehi samaṇabrāhmaṇehi saddhiṃ saṃsanditvā desessāmī” ti samannāhārasseva anuppajjanato diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchāpi natthi. Yasmā pana buddhānaṃ ekadhammepi āsappanā parisappanā natthi, bodhimaṇḍeyeva sabbā kaṅkhā chinnā; tasmā vimaticchedanā pucchāpi natthiyeva. Avasesā pana dve pucchā buddhānaṃ atthi, tāsu ayaṃ kathetukamyatā pucchā nāma.

8

Idāni taṃ kathetukamyatāya pucchāya pucchitamatthaṃ kathetuṃ “pāṇātipātaṃ pahāyā” ti ādim āha.

Tattha pāṇassa atipāto pāṇātipāto, pāṇavadho, pāṇaghātoti vuttaṃ hoti. Pāṇo ti c’ettha vohārato satto, paramatthato jīvitindriyaṃ, tasmiṃ pana pāṇe pāṇasaññino jīvitindriyupacchedakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārānaṃ aññataradvārappavattā vadhakacetanā pāṇātipāto. So guṇavirahitesu tiracchānagatādīsu pāṇesu khuddake pāṇe appasāvajjo, mahāsarīre mahāsāvajjo, kasmā? Payogamahantatāya. Payogasamattepi vatthumahantatāya. Guṇavantesu manussādīsu appaguṇe pāṇe appasāvajjo, mahāguṇe mahāsāvajjo. Sarīraguṇānaṃ pana samabhāve sati kilesānaṃ upakkamānañca mudutāya appasāvajjo, tibbatāya mahāsāvajjoti veditabbo.

Tassa pañca sambhārā honti – pāṇo, pāṇasaññitā, vadhakacittaṃ, upakkamo, tena maraṇanti. Cha payogā – sāhatthiko, āṇattiko, nissaggiyo, thāvaro, vijjāmayo, iddhimayoti. Imasmiṃ panatthe vitthāriyamāne ativiya papañco hoti, tasmā taṃ na vitthārayāma, aññañca evarūpaṃ. Atthikehi pana samantapāsādikaṃ vinayaṭṭhakathaṃ oloketvā gahetabbaṃ.

Pahāyā ti imaṃ pāṇātipātacetanāsaṅkhātaṃ dussīlyaṃ pajahitvā. Paṭivirato ti pahīnakālato paṭṭhāya tato dussīlyato orato viratova. Natthi tassa vītikkamissāmīti cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā pageva kāyikāti imināva nayena aññesupi evarūpesu padesu attho veditabbo.

Samaṇo ti Bhagavā samitapāpatāya laddhavohāro. Gotamo ti gottavasena. Na kevalañ ca Bhagavāyeva pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, bhikkhusaṅghopi paṭivirato, desanā pana ādito paṭṭhāya evaṃ āgatā, atthaṃ pana dīpentena bhikkhusaṅghavasenāpi dīpetuṃ vaṭṭati.

Nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho ti parūpaghātatthāya daṇḍaṃ vā satthaṃ vā ādāya avattanato nikkhittadaṇḍo c’eva nikkhittasattho cā ti attho. Ettha ca ṭhapetvā daṇḍaṃ sabbam pi avasesaṃ upakaraṇaṃ sattānaṃ viheṭhanabhāvato satthanti veditabbaṃ. Yaṃ pana bhikkhū kattaradaṇḍaṃ vā dantakaṭṭhaṃ vā vāsiṃ pipphalikaṃ vā gahetvā vicaranti, na taṃ parūpaghātatthāya. Tasmā nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho tveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati.

Lajjī ti pāpajigucchanalakkhaṇāya lajjāya samannāgato. Dayāpanno ti dayaṃ mettacittataṃ āpanno. Sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī ti; sabbe pāṇabhūte hitena anukampako. Tāya dayāpannatāya sabbesaṃ pāṇabhūtānaṃ hitacittakoti attho. Viharatī ti iriyati yapeti yāpeti pāleti. Iti vā hi, bhikkhave ti evaṃ vā bhikkhave. Vā saddo upari “adinnādānaṃ pahāyā” ti ādīni apekkhitvā vikappattho vutto, evaṃ sabbattha purimaṃ vā pacchimaṃ vā apekkhitvā vikappabhāvo veditabbo.

Ayaṃ pan’ettha saṅkhepo – bhikkhave, puthujjano Tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno evaṃ vadeyya – “samaṇo Gotamo pāṇaṃ na hanati, na ghāteti, na tattha samanuñño hoti, virato imasmā dussīlyā; aho, vata re buddhaguṇā mahantā” ti, iti mahantaṃ ussāhaṃ katvā vaṇṇaṃ vattukāmopi appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ ācārasīlamattakameva vakkhati. Upari asādhāraṇabhāvaṃ nissāya vaṇṇaṃ vattuṃ na sakkhissati. Na kevalañ ca puthujjanova sotāpannasakadāgāmianāgāmiarahantopi paccekabuddhāpi na sakkontiyeva; Tathāgatoyeva pana sakkoti, taṃ vo upari vakkhāmīti, ayam ettha sādhippāyā atthavaṇṇanā. Ito paraṃ pana apubbapadameva vaṇṇayissāma.

Adinnādānaṃ pahāyā ti ettha adinnassa ādānaṃ adinnādānaṃ, parasaṃharaṇaṃ, theyyaṃ, corikāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha adinnan ti parapariggahitaṃ, yattha paro yathākāmakāritaṃ āpajjanto adaṇḍāraho anupavajjo ca hoti. Tasmiṃ parapariggahite parapariggahitasaññino, tadādāyakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā theyyacetanā adinnādānaṃ. Taṃ hīne parasantake appasāvajjaṃ, paṇīte mahāsāvajjaṃ, kasmā? Vatthupaṇītatāya. Vatthusamatte sati guṇādhikānaṃ santake vatthusmiṃ mahāsāvajjaṃ. Taṃ taṃ guṇādhikaṃ upādāya tato tato hīnaguṇassa santake vatthusmiṃ appasāvajjaṃ.

Tassa pañca sambhārā honti – parapariggahitaṃ, parapariggahitasaññitā, theyyacittaṃ, upakkamo, tena haraṇanti. Cha payogā – sāhatthikādayova. Te ca kho yathānurūpaṃ theyyāvahāro, pasayhāvahāro, paṭicchannāvahāro, parikappāvahāro, kusāvahāroti imesaṃ avahārānaṃ vasena pavattā, ayam ettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana samantapāsādikāyaṃ vutto.

Dinnameva ādiyatīti dinnādāyī. Cittena pi dinnameva paṭikaṅkhatīti dinnapāṭikaṅkhī. Thenetīti theno. Na thenena athenena. Athenattāyeva sucibhūtena. Attanā ti attabhāvena. Athenaṃ sucibhūtaṃ attānaṃ katvā viharatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesaṃ paṭhamasikkhāpade vuttanayen’eva yojetabbaṃ. Yathā ca idha, evaṃ sabbattha.

Abrahmacariyan ti aseṭṭhacariyaṃ. Brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ācāraṃ caratīti brahmacārī. Ārācārī ti abrahmacariyato dūracārī. Methunā ti rāgapariyuṭṭhānavasena sadisattā methunakāti laddhavohārehi paṭisevitabbato methunāti saṅkhyaṃ gatā asaddhammā. Gāmadhammā ti gāmavāsīnaṃ dhammā.

9

Musāvādaṃ pahāyā ti ettha musā ti visaṃvādanapurekkhārassa atthabhañjanako vacīpayogo kāyapayogo, vā visaṃvādanādhippāyena pan’assa paravisaṃvādakakāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā musāvādo.

Aparo nayo, ‘musā’ ti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ vatthu. ‘Vādo’ ti tassa bhūtato tacchato viññāpanaṃ. Lakkhaṇato pana atathaṃ vatthuṃ tathato paraṃ viññāpetukāmassa tathāviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā musāvādo. So yamatthaṃ bhañjati, tassa appatāya appasāvajjo, mahantatāya mahāsāvajjo.

Api ca gahaṭṭhānaṃ attano santakaṃ adātukāmatāya natthī tiādinayappavatto appasāvajjo, sakkhinā hutvā atthabhañjanatthaṃ vutto mahāsāvajjo, pabbajitānaṃ appakampi telaṃ vā sappiṃ vā labhitvā hasādhippāyena – “ajja gāme telaṃ nadī maññe sandatī” ti pūraṇakathānayena pavatto appasāvajjo, adiṭṭhaṃ yeva pana diṭṭhanti ādinā nayena vadantānaṃ mahāsāvajjo.

Tassa cattāro sambhārā honti – atathaṃ vatthu, visaṃvādanacittaṃ, tajjo vāyāmo, parassa tadatthavijānananti. Eko payogo sāhatthikova. So kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā vācāya vā paravisaṃvādanakiriyākaraṇena daṭṭhabbo. Tāya ce kiriyāya paro tamatthaṃ jānāti, ayaṃ kiriyasamuṭṭhāpikacetanākkhaṇeyeva musāvādakammunā bajjhati.

Yasmā pana yathā kāyakāyapaṭibaddhavācāhi paraṃ visaṃvādeti, tathā “idamassa bhaṇāhī” ti āṇāpentopi paṇṇaṃ likhitvā purato nissajjantopi, “ayamattho evaṃ daṭṭhabbo” ti kuḍḍādīsu likhitvā ṭhapentopi. Tasmā ettha āṇattikanissaggiyathāvarāpi payogā yujjanti, aṭṭhakathāsu pana anāgatattā vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbā.

Saccaṃ vadatīti saccavādī. Saccena saccaṃ sandahati ghaṭetīti saccasandho. Na antarantarā musā vadatīti attho. Yo hi puriso kadāci musā vadati, kadāci saccaṃ, tassa musāvādena antaritattā saccaṃ saccena na ghaṭīyati; tasmā so na saccasandho. Ayaṃ pana na tādiso, jīvitahetupi musā avatvā saccena saccaṃ sandahati yevāti saccasandho.

Theto ti thiro thirakathoti attho. Eko hi puggalo haliddirāgo viya, thusarāsimhi nikhātakhāṇu viya, assapiṭṭhe ṭhapitakumbhaṇḍamiva ca na thirakatho hoti, eko pāsāṇalekhā viya, indakhīlo viya ca thirakatho hoti, asinā sīsaṃ chindantepi dve kathā na katheti, ayaṃ vuccati theto.

Paccayiko ti pattiyāyitabbako, saddhāyitabbakoti attho. Ekacco hi puggalo na paccayiko hoti, “idaṃ kena vuttaṃ, asukenā” ti vutte “mā tassa vacanaṃ saddahathā” ti vattabbataṃ āpajjati. Eko paccayiko hoti, “idaṃ kena vuttaṃ, asukenā” ti vutte “yadi tena vuttaṃ, idameva pamāṇaṃ, idāni upaparikkhitabbaṃ natthi, evam eva idan” ti vattabbataṃ āpajjati, ayaṃ vuccati paccayiko. Avisaṃvādako lokassā ti tāya saccavāditāya lokaṃ na visaṃvādetīti attho.

Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāyā ti ādīsu yāya vācāya yassa taṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, tassa hadaye attano piyabhāvaṃ, parassa ca suññabhāvaṃ karoti, sā pisuṇā vācā.

Yāya pana attānampi parampi pharusaṃ karoti, yā vācā sayam pi pharusā, neva kaṇṇasukhā na hadayaṅgamā, ayaṃ pharusā vācā.

Yena samphaṃ palapati niratthakaṃ, so samphappalāpo.

Tesaṃ mūlabhūtā cetanāpi pisuṇavācādināmeva labhati, sā eva ca idhādhippetāti.

Tattha saṃkiliṭṭhacittassa paresaṃ vā bhedāya attano piyakamyatāya vā kāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā pisuṇavācā. Sā yassa bhedaṃ karoti, tassa appaguṇatāya appasāvajjā, mahāguṇatāya mahāsāvajjā.

Tassā cattāro sambhārā – bhinditabbo paro, “iti ime nānā bhavissanti, vinā bhavissantī” ti bhedapurekkhāratā vā, “iti ahaṃ piyo bhavissāmi vissāsiko” ti piyakamyatā vā, tajjo vāyāmo, tassa tadatthavijānananti. Imesaṃ bhedāyā ti, yesaṃ itoti vuttānaṃ santike sutaṃ tesaṃ bhedāya.

Bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā ti dvinnaṃ mittānaṃ vā samānupajjhāyakādīnaṃ vā kenacideva kāraṇena bhinnānaṃ ekamekaṃ upasaṅkamitvā “tumhākaṃ īdise kule jātānaṃ evaṃ bahussutānaṃ idaṃ na yuttan” ti ādīni vatvā sandhānaṃ kattā anukattā. Anuppadātā ti sandhānānuppadātā. Dve jane samagge disvā – “tumhākaṃ evarūpe kule jātānaṃ evarūpehi guṇehi samannāgatānaṃ anucchavikametan” ti ādīni vatvā daḷhīkammaṃ kattāti attho. Samaggo ārāmo assāti samaggārāmo. Yattha samaggā natthi, tattha vasitumpi na icchatīti attho. Samaggarāmotipi pāḷi, ayamevettha attho. Samaggarato ti samaggesu rato, te pahāya aññattha gantumpi na icchatīti attho. Samagge disvāpi sutvāpi nandatīti samagganandī, samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā ti yā vācā satte samaggeyeva karoti, taṃ sāmaggiguṇaparidīpikameva vācaṃ bhāsati, na itaranti.

Parassa mammacchedakakāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā ekantapharusacetanā pharusāvācā. Tassā āvibhāvatthamidaṃ vatthu – eko kira dārako mātuvacanaṃ anādiyitvā araññaṃ gacchati, taṃ mātā nivattetumasakkontī – “caṇḍā taṃ mahiṃsī anubandhatū” ti akkosi. Ath’assa tath’eva araññe mahiṃsī uṭṭhāsi. Dārako “yaṃ mama mātā mukhena kathesi, taṃ mā hotu, yaṃ cittena cintesi taṃ hotū” ti, saccakiriyamakāsi. Mahiṃsī tatth’eva baddhā viya aṭṭhāsi. Evaṃ mammacchedakopi payogo cittasaṇhatāya na pharusā vācā hoti. Mātāpitaro hi kadāci puttake evaṃ vadanti – “corā vo khaṇḍākhaṇḍaṃ karontū” ti, uppalapattampi ca nesaṃ upari patantaṃ na icchanti. Ācariyupajjhāyā ca kadāci nissitake evaṃ vadanti – “kiṃ ime ahirīkā anottappino caranti, niddhamatha ne” ti, atha ca nesaṃ āgamādhigamasampattiṃ icchanti. Yathā ca cittasaṇhatāya pharusā vācā na hoti, evaṃ vacanasaṇhatāya apharusā vācā na hoti. Na hi mārāpetukāmassa – “imaṃ sukhaṃ sayāpethā” ti vacanaṃ apharusā vācā hoti, cittapharusatāya pan’esā pharusā vācāva. Sā yaṃ sandhāya pavattitā, tassa appaguṇatāya appasāvajjā, mahāguṇatāya mahāsāvajjā. Tassā tayo sambhārā – akkositabbo paro, kupitacittaṃ, akkosanāti.

Nelā ti elaṃ vuccati doso, nāssā elanti nelā, niddosāti attho. “Nelaṅgo setapacchādo” ti, (udā. 65) ettha vuttanelaṃ viya. Kaṇṇasukhā ti byañjanamadhuratāya kaṇṇānaṃ sukhā, sūcivijjhanaṃ viya kaṇṇasūlaṃ na janeti. Atthamadhuratāya sakalasarīre kopaṃ ajanetvā pemaṃ janetīti pemanīyā. Hadayaṃ gacchati, appaṭihaññamānā sukhena cittaṃ pavisatīti hadayaṅgamā. Guṇaparipuṇṇatāya pure bhavāti porī pure saṃvaḍḍhanārī viya sukumārātipi porī. Purassa esātipi porī. Nagaravāsīnaṃ kathāti attho. Nagaravāsino hi yuttakathā honti. Pitimattaṃ pitāti vadanti, bhātimattaṃ bhātāti vadanti, mātimattaṃ mātāti vadanti. Evarūpī kathā bahuno janassa kantā hotī ti bahujanakantā. Kantabhāveneva bahuno janassa manāpā cittavuḍḍhikarāti bahujanamanāpā.

Anatthaviññāpikā kāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā akusalacetanā samphappalāpo. So āsevanamandatāya appasāvajjo, āsevanamahantatāya mahāsāvajjo, tassa dve sambhārā – bhāratayuddhasītāharaṇādiniratthakakathāpurekkhāratā, tathārūpī kathā kathanañca.

Kālena vadatīti kālavādī vattabbayuttakālaṃ sallakkhetvā vadatīti attho. Bhūtaṃ tathaṃ tacchaṃ sabhāvameva vadatīti bhūtavādī. Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthasannissitameva katvā vadatīti atthavādī. Navalokuttaradhammasannissitaṃ katvā vadatīti dhammavādī saṃvaravinayapahānavinayasannissitaṃ katvā vadatīti vinayavādī.

Nidhānaṃ vuccati ṭhapanokāso, nidhānamassā atthī ti nidhānavatī. Hadaye nidhātabbayuttakaṃ vācaṃ bhāsitāti attho. Kālenā ti evarūpiṃ bhāsamānopi ca – “ahaṃ nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsissāmī” ti na akālena bhāsati, yuttakālaṃ pana apekkhitvā va bhāsatī ti attho. Sāpadesan ti saupamaṃ, sakāraṇanti attho. Pariyantavatin ti paricchedaṃ dassetvā yathāssā paricchedo paññāyati, evaṃ bhāsatī ti attho. Atthasaṃhitan ti anekehipi nayehi vibhajantena pariyādātuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya atthasampannaṃ bhāsati. Yaṃ vā so atthavādī atthaṃ vadati, tena atthena sahitattā atthasaṃhitaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, na aññaṃ nikkhipitvā aññaṃ bhāsatī ti vuttaṃ hoti.

10

Bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā ti mūlabījaṃ khandhabījaṃ phaḷubījaṃ aggabījaṃ bījabījanti pañcavidhassa bījagāmassa c’eva, yassa kassaci nīlatiṇarukkhādikassa bhūtagāmassa ca samārambhā, chedanabhedanapacanādibhāvena vikopanā paṭiviratoti attho.

Ekabhattiko ti pātarāsabhattaṃ sāyamāsabhattanti dve bhattāni, tesu pātarāsabhattaṃ antomajjhanhikena paricchinnaṃ, itaraṃ majjhanhikato uddhaṃ anto aruṇena. Tasmā antomajjhanhike dasakkhattuṃ bhuñjamānopi ekabhattikova hoti. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ “ekabhattiko” ti.

Rattiyā bhojanaṃ ratti, tato uparatoti rattūparato. Atikkante majjhanhike yāva sūriyatthaṅgamanā bhojanaṃ vikālabhojanaṃ nāma. Tato viratattā virato vikālabhojanā. Kadā virato? Anomānadītīre pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya.

Sāsanassa ananulomattā visūkaṃ paṭāṇībhūtaṃ dassananti visūkadassanaṃ. Attanā naccananaccāpanādivasena naccā ca gītā ca vāditā ca antamaso mayūranaccādivasena pi pavattānaṃ naccādīnaṃ visūkabhūtā dassanā cā ti naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā. Naccādīni hi attanā payojetuṃ vā parehi payojāpetuṃ vā payuttāni passituṃ vā neva bhikkhūnaṃ na bhikkhunīnañca vaṭṭanti.

Mālādīsu mālā ti yaṃ kiñci pupphaṃ. Gandhan ti yaṃ kiñci gandhajātaṃ. Vilepanan ti chavirāgakaraṇaṃ. Tattha piḷandhanto dhāreti nāma, ūnaṭṭhānaṃ pūrento maṇḍeti nāma, gandhavasena chavirāgavasena ca sādiyanto vibhūseti nāma. Ṭhānaṃ vuccati kāraṇaṃ. Tasmā yāya dussīlyacetanāya tāni mālādhāraṇādīni mahājano karoti, tato paṭiviratoti attho.

Uccāsayanaṃ vuccati pamāṇātikkantaṃ. Mahāsayanan ti akappiyapaccattharaṇaṃ. Tato viratoti attho.

Jātarūpan ti suvaṇṇaṃ. Rajatan ti kahāpaṇo, lohamāsako, jatumāsako, dārumāsakoti ye vohāraṃ gacchanti. Tassa ubhayassāpi paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato, neva naṃ uggaṇhāti, na uggaṇhāpeti, na upanikkhittaṃ sādiyatīti attho.

Āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā ti, sālivīhiyavagodhūmakaṅguvarakakudrūsakasaṅkhātassa sattavidhassāpi āmakadhaññassa paṭiggahaṇā. Na kevalañ ca etesaṃ paṭiggahaṇameva, āmasanampi bhikkhūnaṃ na vaṭṭatiyeva. Āmakamaṃsapaṭiggahaṇā ti ettha aññatra odissa anuññātā āmakamaṃsamacchānaṃ paṭiggahaṇameva bhikkhūnaṃ na vaṭṭati, no āmasanaṃ.

Itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇā ti ettha itthī ti purisantaragatā, itarā kumārikā nāma, tāsaṃ paṭiggahaṇampi āmasanampi akappiyameva.

Dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇā ti ettha dāsidāsavaseneva tesaṃ paṭiggahaṇaṃ na vaṭṭati. “Kappiyakārakaṃ dammi, ārāmikaṃ dammī” ti evaṃ vutte pana vaṭṭati.

Ajeḷakādīsu khettavatthupariyosānesu kappiyākappiyanayo vinayavasena upaparikkhitabbo. Tattha khettaṃ nāma yasmiṃ pubbaṇṇaṃ ruhati. Vatthu nāma yasmiṃ aparaṇṇaṃ ruhati. Yattha vā ubhayam pi ruhati, taṃ khettaṃ. Tadatthāya akatabhūmibhāgo vatthu. Khettavatthusīsena c’ettha vāpitaḷākādīnipi saṅgahitāneva.

Dūteyyaṃ vuccati dūtakammaṃ, gihīnaṃ pahitaṃ paṇṇaṃ vā sāsanaṃ vā gahetvā tattha tattha gamanaṃ. Pahiṇagamanaṃ vuccati gharā gharaṃ pesitassa khuddakagamanaṃ. Anuyogo nāma tadubhayakaraṇaṃ. Tasmā dūteyyapahiṇagamanānaṃ anuyogāti. Evamettha attho veditabbo.

Kayavikkayā ti kayā ca vikkayā ca. Tulākūṭādīsu kūṭan ti vañcanaṃ. Tattha tulākūṭaṃ nāma rūpakūṭaṃ aṅgakūṭaṃ, gahaṇakūṭaṃ, paṭicchannakūṭanti catubbidhaṃ hoti. Tattha rūpakūṭaṃ nāma dve tulā samarūpā katvā gaṇhanto mahatiyā gaṇhāti, dadanto khuddikāya deti. Aṅgakūṭaṃ nāma gaṇhanto pacchābhāge hatthena tulaṃ akkamati, dadanto pubbabhāge. Gahaṇakūṭaṃ nāma gaṇhanto mūle rajjuṃ gaṇhāti, dadanto agge. Paṭicchannakūṭaṃ nāma tulaṃ susiraṃ katvā anto ayacuṇṇaṃ pakkhipitvā gaṇhanto taṃ pacchābhāge karoti, dadanto aggabhāge.

Kaṃso vuccati suvaṇṇapāti, tāya vañcanaṃ kaṃsakūṭaṃ. Kathaṃ? Ekaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ katvā aññā dve tisso lohapātiyo suvaṇṇavaṇṇe karoti, tato janapadaṃ gantvā kiñcideva aḍḍhaṃ kulaṃ pavisitvā – “suvaṇṇabhājanāni kiṇathā” ti vatvā agghe pucchite samagghataraṃ dātukāmā honti. Tato tehi – “kathaṃ imesaṃ suvaṇṇabhāvo jānitabbo” ti vutte, “vīmaṃsitvā gaṇhathā” ti suvaṇṇapātiṃ pāsāṇe ghaṃsitvā sabbā pātiyo datvā gacchati.

Mānakūṭaṃ nāma hadayabhedasikhābhedarajjubhedavasena tividhaṃ hoti. Tattha hadayabhedo sappitelādiminanakāle labbhati. Tāni hi gaṇhanto heṭṭhāchiddena mānena – “saṇikaṃ āsiñcā” ti vatvā antobhājane bahuṃ paggharāpetvā gaṇhāti, dadanto chiddaṃ pidhāya sīghaṃ pūretvā deti.

Sikhābhedo tilataṇḍulādiminanakāle labbhati. Tāni hi gaṇhanto saṇikaṃ sikhaṃ ussāpetvā gaṇhāti, dadanto vegena pūretvā sikhaṃ chindanto deti.

Rajjubhedo khettavatthuminanakāle labbhati. Lañjaṃ alabhantā hi khettaṃ amahantampi mahantaṃ katvā minanti.

Ukkoṭanādīsu ukkoṭanan ti assāmike sāmike kātuṃ lañjaggahaṇaṃ. Vañcanan ti tehi tehi upāyehi paresaṃ vañcanaṃ. Tatridamekaṃ vatthu – eko kira luddako migañca migapotakañca gahetvā āgacchati, tameko dhutto – “kiṃ bho, migo agghati, kiṃ migapotako” ti āha. “Migo dve kahāpaṇe, migapotako ekan” ti ca vutte ekaṃ kahāpaṇaṃ datvā migapotakaṃ gahetvā thokaṃ gantvā nivatto – “na me bho, migapotakena attho, migaṃ me dehī” ti āha. Tena hi – dve kahāpaṇe dehīti. So āha – “nanu te bho, mayā paṭhamaṃ eko kahāpaṇo dinno” ti? “Āma, dinno” ti. “Idaṃ migapotakaṃ gaṇha, evaṃ so ca kahāpaṇo, ayañca kahāpaṇagghanako migapotakoti dve kahāpaṇā bhavissantī” ti. So “kāraṇaṃ vadatī” ti sallakkhetvā migapotakaṃ gahetvā migaṃ adāsīti. Nikatī ti yogavasena vā māyāvasena vā apāmaṅgaṃ pāmaṅganti, amaṇiṃ maṇinti, asuvaṇṇaṃ suvaṇṇanti katvā patirūpakena vañcanaṃ. Sāciyogo ti kuṭilayogo, etesaṃ yeva ukkoṭanādīnametaṃ nāmaṃ. Tasmā – ukkoṭanasāciyogo, vañcanasāciyogo, nikatisāciyogoti, evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Keci aññaṃ dassetvā aññassa parivattanaṃ sāciyogoti vadanti. Taṃ pana vañcaneneva saṅgahitaṃ.

Chedanādīsu chedanan ti hatthacchedanādi. Vadho ti māraṇaṃ. Bandho ti rajjubandhanādīhi bandhanaṃ. Viparāmoso ti himaviparāmoso, gumbaviparāmosoti duvidho. Yaṃ himapātasamaye himena paṭicchannā hutvā maggappaṭipannaṃ janaṃ musanti, ayaṃ himaviparāmoso. Yaṃ gumbādīhi paṭicchannā musanti, ayaṃ gumbaviparāmoso. Ālopo vuccati gāmanigamādīnaṃ vilopakaraṇaṃ. Sahasākāro ti sāhasikakiriyā. Gehaṃ pavisitvā manussānaṃ ure satthaṃ ṭhapetvā icchitabhaṇḍānaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Evametasmā chedana…pe… sahasākārā paṭivirato samaṇo Gotamoti. Iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano Tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyyāti.

Ettāvatā cūḷasīlaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ hoti.

Majjhimasīlavaṇṇanā

11

Idāni majjhimasīlaṃ vitthārento “yathā vā pan’eke bhonto” ti ādim āha. Tatrāyaṃ anuttānapadavaṇṇanā. Saddhādeyyānī ti kammañca phalañca idhalokañca paralokañca saddahitvā dinnāni. ‘Ayaṃ me ñātī’ ti vā, ‘mitto’ ti vā, idaṃ paṭikarissati, idaṃ vā tena katapubbanti vā, evaṃ na dinnānīti attho. Evaṃ dinnāni hi na saddhādeyyāni nāma honti. Bhojanānī ti desanāsīsamattametaṃ, atthato pana saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā cīvarāni pārupitvā senāsanāni sevamānā gilānabhesajjaṃ paribhuñjamānāti sabbametaṃ vuttameva hoti.

Seyyathidan ti nipāto. Tassattho katamo so bījagāmabhūtagāmo, yassa samārambhaṃ anuyuttā viharantīti. Tato taṃ dassento mūlabījan ti ādim āha. Tattha mūlabījaṃ nāma haliddi, siṅgiveraṃ, vacā, vacattaṃ, ativisā, kaṭukarohiṇī, usīraṃ, bhaddamuttakanti evamādi. Khandhabījaṃ nāma assattho, nigrodho, pilakkho, udumbaro, kacchako, kapitthanoti evamādi. Phaḷubījaṃ nāma ucchu, naḷo, veḷūti evamādi. Aggabījaṃ nāma ajjakaṃ, phaṇijjakaṃ, hiriveranti evamādi. Bījabījaṃ nāma pubbaṇṇaṃ aparaṇṇanti evamādi. Sabbañhetaṃ rukkhato viyojitaṃ viruhana-samattham eva “bījagāmo” ti vuccati. Rukkhato pana aviyojitaṃ asukkhaṃ “bhūtagāmo” ti vuccati. Tattha bhūtagāmasamārambho pācittiyavatthu, bījagāmasamārambho dukkaṭavatthūti veditabbo.

12

Sannidhikāraparibhogan ti sannidhikatassa paribhogaṃ. Tattha duvidhā kathā, vinayavasena ca sallekhavasena ca. Vinayavasena tāva yaṃ kiñci annaṃ ajja paṭiggahitaṃ aparajju sannidhikārakaṃ hoti, tassa paribhoge pācittiyaṃ. Attanā laddhaṃ pana sāmaṇerānaṃ datvā, tehi laddhaṃ ṭhapāpetvā dutiyadivase bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati, sallekho pana na hoti.

Pānasannidhimhi pi eseva nayo. Tattha pānaṃ nāma ambapānādīni aṭṭha pānāni, yāni ca tesaṃ anulomāni. Tesaṃ vinicchayo samantapāsādikāyaṃ vutto.

Vatthasannidhimhi anadhiṭṭhitaṃ avikappitaṃ sannidhi ca hoti, sallekhañca kopeti, ayaṃ pariyāyakathā. Nippariyāyato pana ticīvarasantuṭṭhena bhavitabbaṃ, catutthaṃ labhitvā aññassa dātabbaṃ. Sace yassa kassaci dātuṃ na sakkoti, yassa pana dātukāmo hoti, so uddesatthāya vā paripucchatthāya vā gato, āgatamatte dātabbaṃ, adātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Cīvare pana appahonte satiyā paccāsāya anuññātakālaṃ ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Sūcisuttacīvarakārakānaṃ alābhena tato parampi vinayakammaṃ katvā ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. “Imasmiṃ jiṇṇe puna īdisaṃ kuto labhissāmī” ti pana ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati, sannidhi ca hoti, sallekhañca kopeti.

Yānasannidhimhi yānaṃ nāma vayhaṃ, ratho, sakaṭaṃ, sandamānikā, sivikā, pāṭaṅkīti; netaṃ pabbajitassa yānaṃ. Upāhanā pana pabbajitassa yānaṃyeva. Ekabhikkhussa hi eko araññatthāya, eko dhotapādakatthāyāti, ukkaṃsato dve upāhanasaṅghāṭā vaṭṭanti. Tatiyaṃ labhitvā aññassa dātabbo. “Imasmiṃ jiṇṇe aññaṃ kuto labhissāmī” ti hi ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati, sannidhi ca hoti, sallekhañca kopeti.

Sayanasannidhimhi sayananti mañco. Ekassa bhikkhuno eko gabbhe, eko divāṭhāneti ukkaṃsato dve mañcā vaṭṭanti. Tato uttari labhitvā aññassa bhikkhuno vā gaṇassa vā dātabbo; adātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Sannidhi ca hoti, sallekhañca kopeti.

Gandhasannidhimhi bhikkhuno kaṇḍukacchuchavidosādiābādhe sati gandhā vaṭṭanti. Te gandhe āharāpetvā tasmiṃ roge vūpasante aññesaṃ vā ābādhikānaṃ dātabbā, dvāre pañcaṅguligharadhūpanādīsu vā upanetabbā. “Puna roge sati bhavissantī” ti pana ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati, sannidhi ca hoti, sallekhañca kopeti.

Āmisan ti vuttāvasesaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ, idhekacco bhikkhu – “tathārūpe kāle upakārāya bhavissatī” ti tilataṇḍulamuggamāsanāḷikeraloṇamacchamaṃsavallūrasappitelaguḷabhājanādīni āharāpetvā ṭhapeti. So vassakāle kālasseva sāmaṇerehi yāguṃ pacāpetvā paribhuñjitvā “sāmaṇera, udakakaddame dukkhaṃ gāmaṃ pavisituṃ, gaccha asukaṃ kulaṃ gantvā mayhaṃ vihāre nisinnabhāvaṃ ārocehi; asukakulato dadhiādīni āharā” ti peseti. Bhikkhūhi – “kiṃ, bhante, gāmaṃ pavisissathā” ti vuttepi, “duppaveso, āvuso, idāni gāmo” ti vadati. Te – “hotu, bhante, acchatha tumhe, mayaṃ bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā āharissāmā” ti gacchanti. Atha sāmaṇeropi dadhiādīni āharitvā bhattañca byañjanañca sampādetvā upaneti, taṃ bhuñjantasseva upaṭṭhākā bhattaṃ pahiṇanti, tatopi manāpaṃ manāpaṃ bhuñjati. Atha bhikkhū piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā āgacchanti, tatopi manāpaṃ manāpaṃ gīvāyāmakaṃ bhuñjatiyeva. Evaṃ catumāsampi vītināmeti. Ayaṃ vuccati – “bhikkhu muṇḍakuṭumbikajīvikaṃ jīvati, na samaṇajīvikan” ti. Evarūpo āmisasannidhi nāma hoti.

Bhikkhuno pana vasanaṭṭhāne ekā taṇḍulanāḷi, eko guḷapiṇḍo, catubhāgamattaṃ sappīti ettakaṃ nidhetuṃ vaṭṭati, akāle sampattacorānaṃ atthāya. Te hi ettakam pi āmisapaṭisanthāraṃ alabhantā jīvitāpi voropeyyuṃ, tasmā sace ettakaṃ natthi, āharāpetvāpi ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Aphāsukakāle ca yadettha kappiyaṃ, taṃ attanāpi paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Kappiyakuṭiyaṃ pana bahuṃ ṭhapentassāpi sannidhi nāma natthi. Tathāgatassa pana taṇḍulanāḷiādīsu vā yaṃ kiñci caturatanamattaṃ vā pilotikakhaṇḍaṃ “idaṃ me ajja vā sve vā bhavissatī” ti ṭhapitaṃ nāma natthi.

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Visūkadassanesu naccaṃ nāma yaṃ kiñci naccaṃ, taṃ maggaṃ gacchantenāpi gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhuṃ na vaṭṭati. Vitthāravinicchayo pan’ettha samantapāsādikāyaṃ vuttanayen’eva veditabbo. Yathā cettha, evaṃ sabbesu sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttesu suttapadesu. Ito parañhi ettakam pi avatvā tattha tattha payojanamattameva vaṇṇayissāmāti.

Pekkhan ti naṭasamajjaṃ. Akkhānan ti bhāratayujjhanādikaṃ. Yasmiṃ ṭhāne kathīyati, tattha gantumpi na vaṭṭati. Pāṇissaran ti kaṃsatāḷaṃ, pāṇitāḷantipi vadanti. Vetāḷan ti ghanatāḷaṃ, mantena matasarīruṭṭhāpanantipi eke. Kumbhathūṇan ti caturassaambaṇakatāḷaṃ, kumbhasaddantipi eke. Sobhanakan ti naṭānaṃ abbhokkiraṇaṃ, sobhanakaraṃ vā, paṭibhānacittanti vuttaṃ hoti. Caṇḍālan ti ayoguḷakīḷā, caṇḍālānaṃ sāṇadhovanakīḷātipi vadanti. Vaṃsan ti veḷuṃ ussāpetvā kīḷanaṃ.

Dhovanan ti aṭṭhidhovanaṃ, ekaccesu kira janapadesu kālaṅkate ñātake na jhāpenti, nikhaṇitvā ṭhapenti. Atha nesaṃ pūtibhūtaṃ kāyaṃ ñatvā nīharitvā aṭṭhīni dhovitvā gandhehi makkhetvā ṭhapenti. Te nakkhattakāle ekasmiṃ ṭhāne aṭṭhīni ṭhapetvā ekasmiṃ ṭhāne surādīni ṭhapetvā rodantā paridevantā suraṃ pivanti. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ – “atthi, bhikkhave, dakkhiṇesu janapadesu aṭṭhidhovanaṃ nāma, tattha hoti annampi pānampi khajjampi bhojjampi leyyampi peyyampi naccampi gītampi vāditampi. Atthetaṃ, bhikkhave, dhovanaṃ, netaṃ natthī ti vadāmī” ti. (a. ni. 10.107) Ekacce pana indajālena aṭṭhidhovanaṃ dhovanantipi vadanti.

Hatthiyuddhādīsu bhikkhuno neva hatthiādīhi saddhiṃ yujjhituṃ, na te yujjhāpetuṃ, na yujjhante daṭṭhuṃ vaṭṭati. Nibbuddhan ti mallayuddhaṃ. Uyyodhikan ti yattha sampahāro dissati. Balaggan ti balagaṇanaṭṭhānaṃ. Senābyūhan ti senāniveso, sakaṭabyūhādivasena senāya nivesanaṃ. Anīkadassanan ti – “tayo hatthī pacchimaṃ hatthānīkan” ti ādinā (pāci. 324) nayena vuttassa anīkassa dassanaṃ.

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Pamādo ettha tiṭṭhatīti pamādaṭṭhānaṃ. Jūtañca taṃ pamādaṭṭhānañcāti jūtappamādaṭṭhānaṃ. Ekekāya pantiyā aṭṭha aṭṭha padāni assāti aṭṭhapadaṃ dasapadepi eseva nayo. Ākāsan ti aṭṭhapadadasapadesu viya ākāseyeva kīḷanaṃ. Parihārapathan ti bhūmiyaṃ nānāpathamaṇḍalaṃ katvā tattha tattha pariharitabbaṃ, pathaṃ pariharantānaṃ kīḷanaṃ. Santikan ti santikakīḷanaṃ. Ekajjhaṃ ṭhapitā sāriyo vā sakkharāyo vā acālentā nakheneva apanenti ca upanenti ca, sace tattha kāci calati, parājayo hoti, evarūpāya kīḷāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Khalikan ti jūtaphalake pāsakakīḷanaṃ. Ghaṭikā vuccati dīghadaṇḍakena rassadaṇḍakaṃ paharaṇakīḷanaṃ. Salākahatthan ti lākhāya vā mañjiṭṭhikāya vā piṭṭhodakena vā salākahatthaṃ temetvā – “kiṃ hotū” ti bhūmiyaṃ vā bhittiyaṃ vā taṃ paharitvā hatthiassādirūpadassanakīḷanaṃ. Akkhan ti guḷakīḷā. Paṅgacīraṃ vuccati paṇṇanāḷikaṃ, taṃ dhamantā kīḷanti. Vaṅkakan ti gāmadārakānaṃ kīḷanakaṃ khuddakanaṅgalaṃ. Mokkhacikā vuccati samparivattanakīḷā, ākāse vā daṇḍakaṃ gahetvā bhūmiyaṃ vā sīsaṃ ṭhapetvā heṭṭhupariyabhāvena parivattanakīḷāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ciṅgulikaṃ vuccati tālapaṇṇādīhi kataṃ vātappahārena paribbhamanacakkaṃ. Pattāḷhakaṃ vuccati paṇṇanāḷikā. Tāya vālukādīni minantā kīḷanti. Rathakan ti khuddakarathaṃ. Dhanukan ti khuddakadhanumeva. Akkharikā vuccati ākāse vā piṭṭhiyaṃ vā akkharajānanakīḷā. Manesikā nāma manasā cintitajānanakīḷā. Yathāvajjaṃ nāma kāṇakuṇikhujjādīnaṃ yaṃ yaṃ vajjaṃ, taṃ taṃ payojetvā dassanakīḷā.

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Āsandin ti pamāṇātikkantāsanaṃ. Anuyuttā viharantīti idaṃ apekkhitvā pana sabbapadesu upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ. Pallaṅko ti pādesu vāḷarūpāni ṭhapetvā kato. Gonako ti dīghalomako mahākojavo, caturaṅgulādhikāni kira tassa lomāni. Cittakan ti vānavicittaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ. Paṭikā ti uṇṇāmayo setattharaṇo. Paṭalikā ti ghanapupphako uṇṇāmayattharaṇo. Yo āmalakapattotipi vuccati. Tūlikā ti tiṇṇaṃ tūlānaṃ aññatarapuṇṇā tūlikā. Vikatikā ti sīhabyagghādirūpavicitro uṇṇāmayattharaṇo. Uddalomī ti ubhayatodasaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ, keci “ekatouggatapupphan” ti vadanti. Ekantalomī ti ekatodasaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ. Keci “ubhatouggatapupphan” ti vadanti. Kaṭṭissan ti ratanaparisibbitaṃ koseyyakaṭṭissamayapaccattharaṇaṃ. Koseyyan ti ratanaparisibbitameva kosiyasuttamayapaccattharaṇaṃ. Suddhakoseyyaṃ pana vaṭṭatīti vinaye vuttaṃ. Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana “ṭhapetvā tūlikaṃ sabbāneva gonakādīni ratanaparisibbitāni na vaṭṭantī” ti vuttaṃ.

Kuttakan ti soḷasannaṃ nāṭakitthīnaṃ ṭhatvā naccanayoggaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ. Hatthattharaṃ assattharan ti hatthiassapiṭṭhīsu attharaṇaattharakāyeva. Rathattharepi eseva nayo. Ajinappaveṇī ti ajinacammehi mañcappamāṇena sibbitvā katā paveṇī. Kadalīmigapavarapaccattharaṇan ti kadalīmigacammaṃ nāma atthi, tena kataṃ pavarapaccattharaṇaṃ; uttamapaccattharaṇanti attho. Taṃ kira setavatthassa upari kadalīmigacammaṃ pattharitvā sibbetvā karonti. Sauttaracchadan ti saha uttaracchadena, uparibaddhena rattavitānena saddhinti attho. Setavitānampi heṭṭhā akappiyapaccattharaṇe sati na vaṭṭati, asati pana vaṭṭati. Ubhatolohitakūpadhānan ti sīsūpadhānañca pādūpadhānañcāti mañcassa ubhatolohitakaṃ upadhānaṃ, etaṃ na kappati. Yaṃ pana ekam eva upadhānaṃ ubhosu passesu rattaṃ vā hoti padumavaṇṇaṃ vā vicitraṃ vā, sace pamāṇayuttaṃ, vaṭṭati. Mahāupadhānaṃ pana paṭikkhittaṃ. Alohitakāni dve pi vaṭṭantiyeva. Tato uttari labhitvā aññesaṃ dātabbāni. Dātuṃ asakkonto mañce tiriyaṃ attharitvā upari paccattharaṇaṃ datvā nipajjitumpi labhati. Āsandīādīsu pana vuttanayen’eva paṭipajjitabbaṃ. Vuttañ h’etaṃ – “anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āsandiyā pāde chinditvā paribhuñjituṃ, pallaṅkassa vāḷe bhinditvā paribhuñjituṃ, tūlikaṃ vijaṭetvā bimbohanaṃ kātuṃ, avasesaṃ bhummattharaṇaṃ kātun” ti. (cūḷava. 297)

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Ucchādanādīsu mātukucchito nikkhantadārakānaṃ sarīragandho dvādasavassapattakāle nassati, tesaṃ sarīraduggandhaharaṇatthāya gandhacuṇṇādīhi ucchādenti, evarūpaṃ ucchādanaṃ na vaṭṭati. Puññavante pana dārake ūrūsu nipajjāpetvā telena makkhetvā hatthapādaūrunābhiādīnaṃ saṇṭhānasampādanatthaṃ parimaddanti, evarūpaṃ parimaddanaṃ na vaṭṭati.

Nhāpanan ti tesaṃ yeva dārakānaṃ gandhādīhi nhāpanaṃ. Sambāhanan ti mahāmallānaṃ viya hatthapāde muggarādīhi paharitvā bāhuvaḍḍhanaṃ. Ādāsan ti yaṃ kiñci ādāsaṃ pariharituṃ na vaṭṭati. Añjanan ti alaṅkārañjanameva. Mālā ti baddhamālā vā abaddhamālā vā. Vilepanan ti yaṃ kiñci chavirāgakaraṇaṃ. Mukhacuṇṇaṃ mukhalepanan ti mukhe kāḷapīḷakādīnaṃ haraṇatthāya mattikakakkaṃ denti, tena lohite calite sāsapakakkaṃ denti, tena dose khādite tilakakkaṃ denti, tena lohite sannisinne haliddikakkaṃ denti, tena chavivaṇṇe ārūḷhe mukhacuṇṇakena mukhaṃ cuṇṇenti, taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati.

Hatthabandhādīsu hatthe vicitrasaṅkhakapālādīni bandhitvā vicaranti, taṃ vā aññaṃ vā sabbam pi hatthābharaṇaṃ na vaṭṭati, apare sikhaṃ bandhitvā vicaranti. Suvaṇṇacīrakamuttalatādīhi ca taṃ parikkhipanti; taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati. Apare catuhatthadaṇḍaṃ vā aññaṃ vā pana alaṅkatadaṇḍakaṃ gahetvā vicaranti, tathā itthipurisarūpādivicittaṃ bhesajjanāḷikaṃ suparikkhittaṃ vāmapasse olaggitaṃ; apare kaṇṇikaratanaparikkhittakosaṃ atitikhiṇaṃ asiṃ, pañcavaṇṇasuttasibbitaṃ makaradantakādivicittaṃ chattaṃ, suvaṇṇarajatādivicitrā morapiñchādiparikkhittā upāhanā, keci ratanamattāyāmaṃ caturaṅgulavitthataṃ kesantaparicchedaṃ dassetvā meghamukhe vijjulataṃ viya nalāṭe uṇhīsapaṭṭaṃ bandhanti, cūḷāmaṇiṃ dhārenti, cāmaravālabījaniṃ dhārenti, taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati.

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Aniyyānikattā saggamokkhamaggānaṃ tiracchānabhūtā kathāti tiracchānakathā. Tattha rājānaṃ ārabbha mahāsammato mandhātā dhammāsoko evaṃ mahānubhāvoti ādinā nayena pavattā kathā rājakathā. Esa nayo corakathādīsu. Tesu asuko rājā abhirūpo dassanīyo ti ādinā nayena gehassitakathāva tiracchānakathā hoti. So pi nāma evaṃ mahānubhāvo khayaṃ gato ti evaṃ pavattā pana kammaṭṭhānabhāve tiṭṭhati. Coresu mūladevo evaṃ mahānubhāvo, meghamālo evaṃ mahānubhāvoti tesaṃ kammaṃ paṭicca aho sūrāti gehassitakathāva tiracchānakathā. Yuddhepi bhāratayuddhādīsu asukena asuko evaṃ mārito, evaṃ viddhoti kāmassādavaseneva kathā tiracchānakathā. Tepi nāma khayaṃ gatāti evaṃ pavattā pana sabbattha kammaṭṭhānameva hoti. Api ca annādīsu evaṃ vaṇṇavantaṃ gandhavantaṃ rasavantaṃ phassasampannaṃ khādimha bhuñjimhāti kāmassādavasena kathetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Sātthakaṃ pana katvā pubbe evaṃ vaṇṇādisampannaṃ annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ sayanaṃ mālaṃ gandhaṃ sīlavantānaṃ adamha, cetiye pūjaṃ karimhāti kathetuṃ vaṭṭati. Ñātikathādīsu pana “amhākaṃ ñātakā sūrā samatthā” ti vā “pubbe mayaṃ evaṃ vicitrehi yānehi vicarimhā” ti vā assādavasena vattuṃ na vaṭṭati. Sātthakaṃ pana katvā “tepi no ñātakā khayaṃ gatā” ti vā “pubbe mayaṃ evarūpā upāhanā saṅghassa adamhā” ti vā kathetuṃ vaṭṭati. Gāmakathāpi suniviṭṭhadunniviṭṭhasubhikkhadubbhikkhādivasena vā “asukagāmavāsino sūrā samatthā” ti vā evaṃ assādavasena na vaṭṭati. Sātthakaṃ pana katvā “saddhā pasannā” ti vā “khayavayaṃ gatā” ti vā vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Nigamanagarajanapadakathādīsupi eseva nayo.

Itthikathāpi vaṇṇasaṇṭhānādīni paṭicca assādavasena na vaṭṭati, saddhā pasannā khayavayaṃ gatāti evam eva vaṭṭati. Sūrakathāpi ‘nandimitto nāma yodho sūro ahosī’ ti assādavasena na vaṭṭati. Saddho ahosi khayaṃ gato ti evam eva vaṭṭati. Visikhākathāpi “asukā visikhā suniviṭṭhā dunniviṭṭhā sūrā samatthā” ti assādavasena na vaṭṭati. Saddhā pasannā khayavayaṃ gatāti evam eva vaṭṭati.

Kumbhaṭṭhānakathā ti udakaṭṭhānakathā, udakatitthakathātipi vuccati, kumbhadāsikathā vā, sāpi “pāsādikā naccituṃ gāyituṃ chekā” ti assādavasena na vaṭṭati; saddhā pasannāti ādinā nayen’eva vaṭṭati. Pubbapetakathā ti atītañātikathā. Tattha vattamānañātikathāsadiso vinicchayo.

Nānattakathā ti purimapacchimakathāhi vimuttā avasesā nānāsabhāvā niratthakakathā. Lokakkhāyikā ti ayaṃ loko kena nimmito, asukena nāma nimmito. Kāko seto, aṭṭhīnaṃ setattā; balākā rattā. Lohitassa rattattāti evamādikā lokāyatavitaṇḍasallāpakathā.

Samuddakkhāyikā nāma kasmā samuddo sāgaro? Sāgaradevena khato, tasmā sāgaro. Khato me ti hatthamuddāya sayaṃ niveditattā “samuddo” ti evamādikā niratthakā samuddakkhāyanakathā. Bhavo ti vuḍḍhi. Abhavo ti hāni. Iti bhavo, iti abhavoti yaṃ vā taṃ vā niratthakakāraṇaṃ vatvā pavattitakathā itibhavābhavakathā.

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Viggāhikakathā ti viggahakathā, sārambhakathā. Tattha sahitaṃ me ti mayhaṃ vacanaṃ sahitaṃ siliṭṭhaṃ atthayuttaṃ kāraṇayuttanti attho. Asahitaṃ te ti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ asahitaṃ asiliṭṭhaṃ. Adhiciṇṇaṃ te viparāvattan ti yaṃ tuyhaṃ dīgharattāciṇṇavasena suppaguṇaṃ, taṃ mayhaṃ ekavacaneneva viparāvattaṃ parivattitvā ṭhitaṃ, na kiñci jānāsīti attho.

Āropito te vādo ti mayā tava doso āropito. Cara vādappamokkhāyā ti dosamocanatthaṃ cara, vicara; tattha tattha gantvā sikkhāti attho. Nibbeṭhehi vā sace pahosī ti atha sayaṃ pahosi, idānimeva nibbeṭhehīti.

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Dūteyyakathāyaṃ idha gacchā ti ito asukaṃ nāma ṭhānaṃ gaccha. Amutrāgacchā ti tato asukaṃ nāma ṭhānaṃ āgaccha. Idaṃ harā ti ito idaṃ nāma hara. Amutra idaṃ āharā ti asukaṭṭhānato idaṃ nāma idha āhara. Saṅkhepato pana idaṃ dūteyyaṃ nāma ṭhapetvā pañca sahadhammike ratanattayassa upakārapaṭisaṃyuttañca gihīsāsanaṃ aññesaṃ na vaṭṭati.

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Kuhakā ti ādīsu tividhena kuhanavatthunā lokaṃ kuhayanti, vimhāpayantīti kuhakā. Lābhasakkāratthikā hutvā lapantīti lapakā. Nimittaṃ sīlametesanti nemittikā. Nippeso sīlametesanti nippesikā. Lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanti magganti pariyesantīti lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsitāro. Kuhanā, lapanā, nemittikatā, nippesikatā, lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanatāti etāhi samannāgatānaṃ puggalānaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ayam ettha saṅkhepo. Vitthārena panetā kuhanādikā Visuddhimagge sīlaniddeseyeva pāḷiñca aṭṭhakathañca āharitvā pakāsitāti.

Ettāvatā majjhimasīlaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ hoti.

Mahāsīlavaṇṇanā

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Ito paraṃ mahāsīlaṃ hoti. Aṅgan ti hatthapādādīsu yena kenaci evarūpena aṅgena samannāgato dīghāyu yasavā hotī tiādinayappavattaṃ aṅgasatthaṃ. Nimittan ti nimittasatthaṃ. Paṇḍurājā kira tisso muttāyo muṭṭhiyaṃ katvā nemittikaṃ pucchi – “kiṃ me hatthe” ti? So ito cito ca vilokesi, tasmiñ ca samaye gharagolikāya makkhikā gayhantī muttā, so “muttā” ti āha. Puna “katī” ti puṭṭho kukkuṭassa tikkhattuṃ ravantassa saddaṃ sutvā “tisso” ti āha. Evaṃ taṃ taṃ ādisitvā nimittamanuyuttā viharanti.

Uppātan ti asanipātādīnaṃ mahantānaṃ uppatitaṃ, tañhi disvā “idaṃ bhavissati, evaṃ bhavissatī” ti ādisanti. Supinan ti yo pubbaṇhasamaye supinaṃ passati, evaṃ vipāko hoti; yo idaṃ nāma passati, tassa idaṃ nāma hotī ti ādinā nayena supinakaṃ anuyuttā viharanti. Lakkhaṇan ti iminā lakkhaṇena samannāgato rājā hoti, iminā uparājātiādikaṃ. Mūsikacchinnan ti undūrakhāyitaṃ. Tenāpi hi ahate vā vatthe anahate vā vatthe ito paṭṭhāya evaṃ chinne idaṃ nāma hotī ti ādisanti. Aggihoman ti evarūpena dārunā evaṃ hute idaṃ nāma hotī ti aggijuhanaṃ. Dabbihomādīnipi aggihomāneva, evarūpāya dabbiyā īdisehi kaṇādīhi hute idaṃ nāma hotī ti evaṃ pavattivasena pana visuṃ vuttāni.

Tattha kaṇo ti kuṇḍako. Taṇḍulā ti sāliādīnañceva tiṇajātīnañca taṇḍulā. Sappī ti gosappiādikaṃ. Telan ti tilatelādikaṃ. Sāsapādīni pana mukhena gahetvā aggimhi pakkhipanaṃ, vijjaṃ parijappitvā juhanaṃ vā mukhahomaṃ. Dakkhiṇakkhakajaṇṇulohitādīhi juhanaṃ lohitahomaṃ. Aṅgavijjā ti pubbe aṅgameva disvā byākaraṇavasena aṅgaṃ vuttaṃ, idha aṅgulaṭṭhiṃ disvā vijjaṃ parijappitvā ayaṃ kulaputto vā no vā, sirīsampanno vā no vātiādibyākaraṇavasena aṅgavijjā vuttā. Vatthuvijjā ti gharavatthuārāmavatthādīnaṃ guṇadosasallakkhaṇavijjā. Mattikādivisesaṃ disvāpi hi vijjaṃ parijappitvā heṭṭhā pathaviyaṃ tiṃsaratanamatte, ākāse ca asītiratanamatte padese guṇadosaṃ passanti. Khattavijjā ti abbheyyamāsurakkharājasatthādisatthaṃ. Sivavijjā ti susāne pavisitvā santikaraṇavijjā, siṅgālarutavijjātipi vadanti. Bhūtavijjā ti bhūtavejjamanto. Bhūrivijjā ti bhūrighare vasantena uggahetabbamanto. Ahivijjā ti sappadaṭṭhatikicchanavijjā c’eva sappāvhāyanavijjā ca. Visavijjā ti yāya, purāṇavisaṃ vā rakkhanti, navavisaṃ vā karonti visavantameva vā. Vicchikavijjā ti vicchikadaṭṭhatikicchanavijjā. Mūsikavijjāya pi eseva nayo. Sakuṇavijjā ti sapakkhakaapakkhakadvipadacatuppadānaṃ rutagatādivasena sakuṇañāṇaṃ. Vāyasavijjā ti kākarutañāṇaṃ, taṃ visuññeva satthaṃ, tasmā visuṃ vuttaṃ.

Pakkajjhānan ti paripākagatacintā. Idāni “ayaṃ ettakaṃ jīvissati, ayaṃ ettakan” ti evaṃ pavattaṃ ādiṭṭhañāṇanti attho. Saraparittāṇan ti sararakkhaṇaṃ, yathā attano upari na āgacchati, evaṃ karaṇavijjā. Migacakkan ti idaṃ sabbasaṅgāhikaṃ sabbasakuṇacatuppadānaṃ rutañāṇavasena vuttaṃ.

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Maṇilakkhaṇādīsu evarūpo maṇi pasattho, evarūpo apasattho, sāmino ārogyaissariyādīnaṃ hetu hoti, na hotī ti, evaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānādivasena maṇiādīnaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ anuyuttā viharantīti attho. Tattha āvudhan ti ṭhapetvā asiādīni avasesaṃ āvudhaṃ. Itthilakkhaṇādīnipi yamhi kule te itthipurisādayo vasanti, tassa vuḍḍhihānivaseneva veditabbāni. Ajalakkhaṇādīsu pana evarūpānaṃ ajādīnaṃ maṃsaṃ khāditabbaṃ, evarūpānaṃ na khāditabbanti ayaṃ viseso veditabbo.

Api c’ettha godhāya lakkhaṇe cittakammapiḷandhanādīsupi evarūpāya godhāya sati idaṃ nāma hotī ti ayaṃ viseso veditabbo. Idañcettha vatthu – ekasmiṃ kira vihāre cittakamme godhaṃ aggiṃ dhamamānaṃ akaṃsu. Tato paṭṭhāya bhikkhūnaṃ mahāvivādo jāto. Eko āgantukabhikkhu taṃ disvā makkhesi. Tato paṭṭhāya vivādo mandībhūto hoti. Kaṇṇikalakkhaṇaṃ piḷandhanakaṇṇikāyapi gehakaṇṇikāyapi vasena veditabbaṃ. Kacchapalakkhaṇaṃ godhālakkhaṇasadisameva. Migalakkhaṇaṃ sabbasaṅgāhikaṃ sabbacatuppadānaṃ lakkhaṇavasena vuttaṃ.

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Raññaṃ niyyānaṃ bhavissatī ti asukadivase asukanakkhattena asukassa nāma rañño niggamanaṃ bhavissatīti evaṃ rājūnaṃ pavāsagamanaṃ byākaroti. Esa nayo sabbattha. Kevalaṃ pan’ettha aniyyānan ti vippavutthānaṃ puna āgamanaṃ. Abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ upayānaṃ bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ apayānan ti antonagare amhākaṃ rājā paṭiviruddhaṃ bahirājānaṃ upasaṅkamissati, tato tassa paṭikkamanaṃ bhavissatīti evaṃ raññaṃ upayānāpayānaṃ byākaroti. Dutiyapadepi eseva nayo. Jayaparājayā pākaṭāyeva.

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Candaggāhādayo asukadivase rāhu candaṃ gahessatīti byākaraṇavaseneva veditabbā. Api ca nakkhattassa aṅgārakādigāhasamāyogopi nakkhattagāhoyeva. Ukkāpāto ti ākāsato ukkānaṃ patanaṃ. Disāḍāho ti disākālusiyaṃ aggisikhadhūmasikhādīhi ākulabhāvo viya. Devadudrabhī ti sukkhavalāhakagajjanaṃ. Uggamanan ti udayanaṃ. Okkamanan ti atthaṅgamanaṃ. Saṃkilesan ti avisuddhatā. Vodānan ti visuddhatā. Evaṃ vipāko ti lokassa evaṃ vividhasukhadukkhāvaho.

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Suvuṭṭhikā ti devassa sammādhārānuppavecchanaṃ. Dubbuṭṭhikā ti avaggāho, vassavibandhoti vuttaṃ hoti. Muddā ti hatthamuddā. Gaṇanā vuccati acchiddakagaṇanā. Saṅkhānan ti saṅkalanasaṭuppādanādivasena piṇḍagaṇanā. Yassa sā paguṇā hoti, so rukkhampi disvā ettakāni ettha paṇṇānīti jānāti. Kāveyyan ti “cattārome, bhikkhave, kavī. Katame cattāro? Cintākavi, sutakavi, atthakavi, paṭibhānakavī” ti. (a. ni. 4.231) Imesaṃ catunnaṃ kavīnaṃ attano cintāvasena vā; “vessantaro nāma rājā ahosī” ti ādīni sutvā sutavasena vā; imassa ayaṃ attho, evaṃ taṃ yojessāmīti evaṃ atthavasena vā; kiñcideva disvā tappaṭibhāgaṃ kattabbaṃ karissāmīti evaṃ ṭhānuppattikapaṭibhānavasena vā; jīvikatthāya kabyakaraṇaṃ. Lokāyataṃ vuttameva.

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Āvāhanaṃ nāma imassa dārakassa asukakulato asukanakkhattena dārikaṃ ānethāti āvāhakaraṇaṃ. Vivāhanan ti imaṃ dārikaṃ asukassa nāma dārakassa asukanakkhattena detha, evamassā vuḍḍhi bhavissatīti vivāhakaraṇaṃ. Saṃvaraṇan ti saṃvaraṇaṃ nāma ‘ajja nakkhattaṃ sundaraṃ, ajjeva samaggā hotha, iti vo viyogo na bhavissatī’ ti evaṃ samaggakaraṇaṃ. Vivaraṇaṃ nāma ‘sace viyujjitukāmattha, ajjeva viyujjatha, iti vo puna saṃyogo na bhavissatī’ ti evaṃ visaṃyogakaraṇaṃ. Saṅkiraṇan ti ‘uṭṭhānaṃ vā iṇaṃ vā dinnaṃ dhanaṃ ajja saṅkaḍḍhatha, ajja saṅkaḍḍhitañhi taṃ thāvaraṃ hotī’ ti evaṃ dhanapiṇḍāpanaṃ. Vikiraṇan ti ‘sace payogauddhārādivasena dhanaṃ payojitukāmattha, ajja payojitaṃ diguṇacatugguṇaṃ hotī’ ti evaṃ dhanapayojāpanaṃ. Subhagakaraṇan ti piyamanāpakaraṇaṃ vā sassirīkakaraṇaṃ vā. Dubbhagakaraṇan ti tabbiparītaṃ. Viruddhagabbhakaraṇan ti viruddhassa vilīnassa aṭṭhitassa matassa gabbhassa karaṇaṃ. Puna avināsāya bhesajjadānanti attho. Gabbho hi vātena, pāṇakehi, kammunā cā ti tīhi kāraṇehi vinassati. Tattha vātena vinassante nibbāpanīyaṃ sītalaṃ bhesajjaṃ deti, pāṇakehi vinassante pāṇakānaṃ paṭikammaṃ karoti, kammunā vinassante pana buddhāpi paṭibāhituṃ na sakkonti.

Jivhānibandhanan ti mantena jivhāya bandhakaraṇaṃ. Hanusaṃhananan ti mukhabandhamantena yathā hanukaṃ cāletuṃ na sakkonti, evaṃ bandhakaraṇaṃ. Hatthābhijappanan ti hatthānaṃ parivattanatthaṃ mantajappanaṃ. Tasmiṃ kira mante sattapadantare ṭhatvā jappite itaro hatthe parivattetvā khipati. Kaṇṇajappanan ti kaṇṇehi saddaṃ assavanatthāya vijjāya jappanaṃ. Taṃ kira jappitvā vinicchayaṭṭhāne yaṃ icchati, taṃ bhaṇati, paccatthiko taṃ na suṇāti, tato paṭivacanaṃ sampādetuṃ na sakkoti. Ādāsapañhan ti ādāse devataṃ otāretvā pañhapucchanaṃ. Kumārikapañhan ti kumārikāya sarīre devataṃ otāretvā pañhapucchanaṃ. Devapañhan ti dāsiyā sarīre devataṃ otāretvā pañhapucchanaṃ. Ādiccupaṭṭhānan ti jīvikatthāya ādiccapāricariyā. Mahatupaṭṭhānan ti tath’eva mahābrahmapāricariyā. Abbhujjalanan ti mantena mukhato aggijālānīharaṇaṃ. Sirivhāyanan ti “ehi siri, mayhaṃ sire patiṭṭhāhī” ti evaṃ sirena siriyā avhāyanaṃ.

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Santikamman ti devaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā sace me idaṃ nāma samijjhissati, tumhākaṃ iminā ca iminā ca upahāraṃ karissāmīti samiddhikāle kattabbaṃ santipaṭissavakammaṃ. Tasmiṃ pana samiddhe tassa karaṇaṃ paṇidhikammaṃ nāma. Bhūrikamman ti bhūrighare vasitvā gahitamantassa payogakaraṇaṃ. Vassakammaṃ vossakamman ti ettha vassoti puriso, vossoti paṇḍako. Iti vossassa vassakaraṇaṃ vassakammaṃ, vassassa vossakaraṇaṃ vossakammaṃ. Taṃ pana karonto acchandikabhāvamattaṃ pāpeti, na liṅgaṃ antaradhāpetuṃ sakkoti. Vatthukamman ti akatavatthusmiṃ gehapatiṭṭhāpanaṃ. Vatthuparikamman ti “idañcidañcāharathā” ti vatvā vatthubalikammakaraṇaṃ. Ācamanan ti udakena mukhasuddhikaraṇaṃ. Nhāpanan ti aññesaṃ nhāpanaṃ. Juhanan ti tesaṃ atthāya aggijuhanaṃ. Vamanan ti yogaṃ datvā vamanakaraṇaṃ. Virecanepi eseva nayo. Uddhaṃvirecanan ti uddhaṃ dosānaṃ nīharaṇaṃ. Adhovirecanan ti adho dosānaṃ nīharaṇaṃ. Sīsavirecanan ti sirovirecanaṃ. Kaṇṇatelan ti kaṇṇānaṃ bandhanatthaṃ vā vaṇaharaṇatthaṃ vā bhesajjatelapacanaṃ. Nettatappanan ti akkhitappanatelaṃ. Natthukamman ti telena yojetvā natthukaraṇaṃ. Añjanan ti dve vā tīṇi vā paṭalāni nīharaṇa-samatthaṃ khārañjanaṃ. Paccañjanan ti nibbāpanīyaṃ sītalabhesajjañjanaṃ. Sālākiyan ti salākavejjakammaṃ. Sallakattiyan ti sallakattavejjakammaṃ. Dārakatikicchā vuccati komārabhaccavejjakammaṃ. Mūlabhesajjānaṃ anuppādanan ti iminā kāyatikicchanaṃ dasseti. Osadhīnaṃ paṭimokkho ti khārādīni datvā tadanurūpe vaṇe gate tesaṃ apanayanaṃ.

Ettāvatā mahāsīlaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ hoti.