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Paribbājakakathāvaṇṇanā

1

Imissā paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiyā vattamānāya vinayasaṅgahāvasāne suttantapiṭake ādinikāyassa ādisuttaṃ Brahmajālaṃ pucchantena āyasmatā Mahākassapena – “Brahmajālaṃ, āvuso Ānanda, kattha bhāsitan” ti evamādi-vutta-vacana-pariyosāne yattha ca bhāsitaṃ yañ cārabbha bhāsitaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ pakāsento āyasmā Ānando “evaṃ me sutan” ti ādim āha. Tena vuttaṃ “Brahmajālassāpi ‘evaṃ me sutan’ ti ādikaṃ āyasmatā Ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttaṃ nidānam ādī” ti.

Tattha evan ti nipātapadaṃ. Me ti ādīni nāmapadāni. Paṭipanno hotī ti ettha paṭī ti upasaggapadaṃ, hotī ti ākhyātapadan ti. Iminā tāva nayena padavibhāgo veditabbo.

Atthato pana evaṃ-saddo tāva upamūpadesa-sampahaṃsana-garahaṇa-vacanasampaṭiggahākāra-nidassanāvadhāraṇādi-anekattha-ppabhedo. Tathā h’esa –

“Evaṃ jātena maccena, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahun” ti (dha. pa. 53)

evamādīsu upamāyaṃ āgato.

“Evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ te paṭikkamitabban” ti (a. ni. 4.122)

ādīsu upadese.

“Evam etaṃ Bhagavā, evam etaṃ Sugatā” ti (a. ni. 3.66)

ādīsu sampahaṃsane.

“Evam evaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.187)

ādīsu garahaṇe.

“Evaṃ, bhante ti kho te bhikkhū Bhagavato paccassosun” ti (ma. ni. 1.1)

ādīsu vacanasampaṭiggahe.

“Evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ, bhante, Bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī” ti (ma. ni. 1.398)

ādīsu ākāre.

“Ehi tvaṃ, māṇavaka, yena samaṇo Ānando ten’upasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ Ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha: ‘Subho māṇavo Todeyyaputto bhavantaṃ Ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī’ ti, evañ ca vadehi ‘sādhu kira bhavaṃ Ānando yena Subhassa māṇavassa Todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ, ten’upasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’” ti (dī. ni. 1.445)

ādīsu nidassane.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, Kālāmā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā ti? Akusalā, bhante. Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vā ti? Sāvajjā, bhante. Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vā ti? Viññugarahitā, bhante. Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti no vā, kathaṃ vo ettha hotī ti? Samattā, bhante, samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, evaṃ no ettha hotī” ti (a. ni. 3.66)

ādīsu avadhāraṇe. Svāyam idha ākāra-nidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo.

Tattha ākāratthena evaṃ-saddena etam atthaṃ dīpeti, nānā-naya-nipuṇam anekajjhāsaya-samuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjana-sampannaṃ vividha-pāṭihāriyaṃ dhammattha-desanā-paṭivedha-gambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasaka-bhāsānurūpato sotapatham āgacchantaṃ tassa Bhagavato vacanaṃ, sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ, sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvā pi “evaṃ me sutaṃ mayā pi ekenākārena sutan” ti.

Nidassanatthena – “nāhaṃ sayambhū, na mayā idaṃ sacchikatan” ti attānaṃ parimocento – “evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayā pi evaṃ sutan” ti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ nidasseti.

Avadhāraṇatthena –

“Etad aggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yad idaṃ Ānando, gatimantānaṃ satimantānaṃ dhitimantānaṃ upaṭṭhākānaṃ yad idaṃ Ānando” ti. (a. ni. 1.223)

evaṃ Bhagavatā –

“Āyasmā Ānando atthakusalo, dhammakusalo, byañjanakusalo, niruttikusalo, pubbāparakusalo” ti. (a. ni. 5.169)

evaṃ Dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukāmataṃ janeti – “evaṃ me sutaṃ, tañ ca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnam anadhikaṃ, evam eva na aññathā daṭṭhabban” ti.

Me-saddo tīsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hi’ssa –

“Gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyan” ti (su. ni. 81)

ādīsu mayā ti attho.

“Sādhu me, bhante, Bhagavā saṅkhittena dhammaṃ desetū” ti (saṃ. ni. 4.88)

ādīsu mayhan ti attho.

“Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavathā” ti (ma. ni. 1.29)

ādīsu mamā ti attho. Idha pana mayā sutan ti ca mama sutan ti ca atthadvaye yujjati.

Sutan ti ayaṃ suta-saddo saupasaggo ca anupasaggo ca gamana-vissuta-kilinna-upacitānuyoga-sotaviññeyya-sotadvārānusāraviññātādi-anekattha-ppabhedo. Tathā hi’ssa “senāya pasuto” ti ādīsu gacchanto ti attho.

“Sutadhammassa passato” ti (udā. 11)

ādīsu vissutadhammassā ti attho.

“Avassutā avassutassā” ti (pāci. 657)

ādīsu kilinnākilinnassā ti attho.

“Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappakan” ti (khu. pā. 7.12)

ādīsu upacitan ti attho.

“Ye jhānapasutā dhīrā” ti (dha. pa. 181)

ādīsu jhānānuyuttā ti attho.

“Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutan” ti (ma. ni. 1.241)

ādīsu sotaviññeyyan ti attho.

“Sutadharo sutasannicayo” ti (ma. ni. 1.339)

ādīsu sotadvārānusāraviññātadharo ti attho. Idha pan’assa sotadvārānusārena upadhāritan ti vā upadhāraṇan ti vā ti attho. Me-saddassa hi “mayā” ti atthe sati “evaṃ mayā sutaṃ” sotadvārānusārena upadhāritan ti yujjati, “mamā” ti atthe sati “evaṃ mama sutaṃ” sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇan ti yujjati.

Evam etesu tīsu padesu evan ti sotaviññāṇādi-viññāṇa-kicca-nidassanaṃ, me ti vutta-viññāṇa-samaṅgi-puggala-nidassanaṃ, sutan ti assavanabhāva-paṭikkhepato anūnādhikāviparīta-ggahaṇa-nidassanaṃ. Tathā evan ti tassā sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattibhāva-ppakāsanaṃ, me ti atta-ppakāsanaṃ, sutan ti dhamma-ppakāsanaṃ. Ayañ h’ettha saṅkhepo – “nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ, idaṃ pana kataṃ, ayaṃ dhammo suto” ti.

Tathā evan ti niddisitabbadhamma-ppakāsanaṃ. Me ti puggala-ppakāsanaṃ. Sutan ti puggalakicca-ppakāsanaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti “yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi, taṃ mayā evaṃ sutan” ti.

Tathā evan ti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāra-niddeso. Evan ti hi ayam ākāra-paññatti. Me ti kattu-niddeso. Sutan ti visaya-niddeso. Ettāvatā nānākārappavattena cittasantānena taṃ samaṅgino kattu-visaya-ggahaṇa-sanniṭṭhānaṃ kataṃ hoti.

Atha vā evan ti puggalakicca-niddeso. Sutan ti viññāṇakicca-niddeso. Me ti ubhaya-kicca-yutta-puggala-niddeso. Ayaṃ pan’ettha saṅkhepo “mayā savanakicca-viññāṇa-samaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddha-savanakicca-vohārena sutan” ti.

Tattha evan ti ca me ti ca saccikaṭṭha-paramatthavasena avijjamāna-paññatti. Kiñ h’ettha taṃ paramatthato atthi, yaṃ evan ti vā me ti vā niddesaṃ labhetha? Sutan ti vijjamānapaññatti. Yañ hi taṃ ettha sotena upaladdhaṃ, taṃ paramatthato vijjamānan ti. Tathā evan ti ca me ti ca, taṃ taṃ upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti. Sutan ti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti.

Ettha ca evan ti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti. Na hi sammūḷho nānappakāra-paṭivedha-samattho hoti. Sutan ti vacanena sutassa asammosaṃ dīpeti. Yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hoti, na so kālantarena mayā sutan ti paṭijānāti. Icc’assa asammohena paññāsiddhi, asammosena pana satisiddhi. Tattha paññāpubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇa-samatthatā, satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthapaṭivedha-samatthatā, tadubhaya-samatthatā-yogena atthabyañjana-sampannassa dhammakosassa anupālana-samatthato dhamma-bhaṇḍāgārikatta-siddhi.

Aparo nayo, evan ti vacanena yoniso manasikāraṃ dīpeti. Ayoniso manasikaroto hi nānappakāra-paṭivedhābhāvato. Sutan ti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti, vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato. Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamāno pi “na mayā sutaṃ, puna bhaṇathā” ti bhaṇati. Yoniso manasikārena c’ettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe ca katapuññataṃ sādheti, sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato. Avikkhepena saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañ ca sādheti. Na hi vikkhittacitto sotuṃ sakkoti, na ca sappurise anupassayamānassa savanaṃ atthī ti.

Aparo nayo, yasmā evan ti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāra-niddeso ti vuttaṃ, so ca evaṃ bhaddako ākāro na sammā-appaṇihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti, tasmā evan ti iminā bhaddakenākārena pacchima-cakkadvaya-sampattim attano dīpeti, sutan ti savanayogena purima-cakkadvaya-sampattiṃ. Na hi appatirūpadese vasato sappurisūpanissaya-virahitassa vā savanaṃ atthi. Icc’assa pacchima-cakkadvaya-siddhiyā āsayasuddhisiddhā hoti, purima-cakkadvaya-siddhiyā payogasuddhi, tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi, payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi. Iti payogāsayasuddhassa āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato, yoniso manasikāro viya ca kusalakammassa, arahati Bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitun ti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento – “evaṃ me sutan” ti ādim āha.

Aparo nayo, evan ti iminā nānappakāra-paṭivedha-dīpakena vacanena attano attha-paṭibhāna-paṭisambhidā-sampatti-sabbhāvaṃ dīpeti, sutan ti iminā sotabba-ppabheda-paṭivedha-dīpakena dhamma-nirutti-paṭisambhidā-sampatti-sabbhāvaṃ. Evan ti ca idaṃ yoniso manasikāra-dīpakaṃ vacanaṃ bhāsamāno – “ete mayā dhammā manasā’nupekkhitā, diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā” ti dīpeti, sutan ti idaṃ savanayoga-dīpakaṃ vacanaṃ bhāsamāno – “bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā” ti dīpeti. Tadubhayenāpi atthabyañjana-pāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti. Atthabyañjana-paripuṇṇañ hi dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatā hitā paribāhiro hotī ti, tasmā ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ ayaṃ dhammo sotabbo ti.

“Evaṃ me sutan” ti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā Ānando Tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati, sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati. Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti. “Kevalaṃ sutam ev’etaṃ mayā, tass’eva Bhagavato vacanan” ti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti, satthāraṃ apadisati, Jinavacanaṃ appeti, dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti.

Api ca “evaṃ me sutan” ti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimavacanaṃ vivaranto – “sammukhā paṭiggahitam idaṃ mayā tassa Bhagavato catu-vesārajja-visāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa vacanaṃ, na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kātabbā” ti sabbesaṃ devamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti, saddhāsampadaṃ uppādeti. Ten’etaṃ vuccati –

“Vināsayati assaddhaṃ, saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane;
evaṃ me sutam icc evaṃ, vadaṃ Gotamasāvako” ti.

Ekan ti gaṇana-pariccheda-niddeso. Samayan ti paricchinna-niddeso. Ekaṃ samayan ti aniyamita-paridīpanaṃ. Tattha samaya-saddo –

“Samavāye khaṇe kāle, samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu;
paṭilābhe pahāne ca, paṭivedhe ca dissati”.

Tathā hi’ssa –

“App’eva nāma sve pi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañ ca samayañ ca upādāyā” ti (dī. ni. 1.447)

evamādīsu samavāyo attho.

“Eko va kho bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā” ti (a. ni. 8.29)

ādīsu khaṇo.

“Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo” ti (pāci. 358)

ādīsu kālo.

“Mahāsamayo pavanasmin” ti (dī. ni. 2.332)

ādīsu samūho.

“Samayo pi kho te, Bhaddāli, appaṭividdho ahosi, ‘Bhagavā kho Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, Bhagavā pi maṃ jānissati, Bhaddāli nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya aparipūrakārī’ ti. Ayam pi kho, te Bhaddāli, samayo appaṭividdho ahosī” ti (ma. ni. 2.135)

ādīsu hetu.

“Tena kho pana samayena Uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇa-Muṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake Mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī” ti (ma. ni. 2.260)

ādīsu diṭṭhi.

“Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo c’attho samparāyiko;
atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍito ti pavuccatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.128) –

ādīsu paṭilābho.

“Sammā mānābhisamayā antam akāsi dukkhassā” ti (a. ni. 7.9)

ādīsu pahānaṃ.

“Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho” ti (paṭi. 108)

ādīsu paṭivedho. Idha pan’assa kālo attho. Tena saṃvacchara-utu-māsaḍḍhamāsa-rattidiva-pubbaṇha-majjhanhika-sāyanha-paṭhama-majjhima-pacchimayāma-muhuttādīsu kālappabhedabhūtesu samayesu ekaṃ samayan ti dīpeti.

Tattha kiñcāpi etesu saṃvaccharādīsu samayesu yaṃ yaṃ suttaṃ yasmiṃ yasmiṃ saṃvacchare utumhi māse pakkhe rattibhāge vā divasabhāge vā vuttaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ therassa suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ paññāya, yasmā pana “evaṃ me sutaṃ asuka-saṃvacchare asuka-utumhi asuka-māse asuka-pakkhe asuka-rattibhāge asuka-divasabhāge vā” ti evaṃ vutte na sakkā sukhena dhāretuṃ vā uddisituṃ vā uddisāpetuṃ vā, bahu ca vattabbaṃ hoti, tasmā eken’eva padena tam atthaṃ samodhānetvā “ekaṃ samayan” ti āha.

Ye vā ime gabbhokkanti-samayo, jāti-samayo, saṃvega-samayo, abhinikkhamana-samayo, dukkarakārika-samayo, māravijaya-samayo, abhisambodhi-samayo diṭṭhadhamma-sukhavihāra-samayo, desanā-samayo, parinibbāna-samayo ti evamādayo Bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya pakāsā anekakālappabhedā eva samayā, tesu samayesu desanā-samaya-saṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ samayan ti dīpeti. Yo cāyaṃ ñāṇa-karuṇākicca-samayesu karuṇākicca-samayo, attahita-parahita-paṭipatti-samayesu parahita-paṭipatti-samayo, sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīya-dvaya-samayesu dhammikathā-samayo, desanā-paṭipatti-samayesu desanā-samayo, tesu pi samayesu aññataraṃ samayaṃ sandhāya “ekaṃ samayan” ti āha.

Kasmā pan’ettha yathā Abhidhamme “yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaran” ti (dha. sa. 1) ca, ito aññesu ca suttapadesu “yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicc’eva kāmehī” ti ca bhummavacana-niddeso kato, vinaye ca “tena samayena buddho Bhagavā” ti karaṇavacanena, tathā akatvā “ekaṃ samayan” ti upayogavacana-niddeso kato ti? Tattha tathā idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato.

Tattha hi Abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraṇattho bhāvena bhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati. Adhikaraṇañ hi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo, tattha tattha vuttānaṃ phassādi-dhammānaṃ, khaṇa-samavāya-hetu-saṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati, tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacana-niddeso kato.

Vinaye ca hetu-attho karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi so sikkhāpada-paññatti-samayo Sāriputtādīhi pi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpada-paññatti-hetuñ ca apekkhamāno Bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi, tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha karaṇavacanena niddeso kato.

Idha pana aññasmiñ ca evaṃjātike accanta-saṃyogattho sambhavati. Yañ hi samayaṃ Bhagavā imaṃ aññaṃ vā suttantaṃ desesi, accantam eva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi, tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacana-niddeso kato ti. Ten’etaṃ vuccati –

“Taṃ taṃ attham apekkhitvā, bhummena karaṇena ca;
aññatra samayo vutto, upayogena so idhā” ti.

Porāṇā pana vaṇṇayanti – “tasmiṃ samaye” ti vā “tena samayenā” ti vā “ekaṃ samayan” ti vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa, sabbattha bhummam ev’attho ti. Tasmā “ekaṃ samayan” ti vutte pi “ekasmiṃ samaye” ti attho veditabbo.

Bhagavā ti garu. Garuñ hi loke Bhagavā ti vadanti, ayañ ca sabbaguṇa-visiṭṭhatāya sabbasattānaṃ garu, tasmā Bhagavā ti veditabbo. Porāṇehi pi vuttaṃ –

“Bhagavā ti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, Bhagavā ti vacanam uttamaṃ;
garu gāravayutto so, Bhagavā tena vuccatī” ti.

Api ca –

“Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto bhagehi ca vibhattavā;
bhattavā vantagamano bhavesu Bhagavā tato” ti.

imissā gāthāya vasen’assa padassa vitthāra-attho veditabbo, so ca Visuddhimagge Buddhānussatiniddese vutto yeva.

Ettāvatā c’ettha evaṃ me sutan ti vacanena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ dassento Bhagavato dhammakāyaṃ paccakkhaṃ karoti, tena “na yidaṃ atikkantasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ, ayaṃ vo satthā” ti satthu adassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāseti. Ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā ti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye Bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāya-parinibbānaṃ sādheti, tena “evaṃvidhassa nāma ariyadhammassa desako dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghāta-samānakāyo so pi Bhagavā parinibbuto, kena aññena jīvite āsā janetabbā” ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti, saddhamme c’assa ussāhaṃ janeti. Evan ti ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati, me sutan ti sāvakasampattiṃ, ekaṃ samayan ti kālasampattiṃ, Bhagavā ti desakasampattiṃ.

Antarā ca Rājagahaṃ antarā ca Nāḷandan ti antarā-saddo kāraṇa-khaṇa-citta-vemajjha-vivarādīsu dissati.

“Tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra Tathāgatā” ti (a. ni. 6.44)

ca

“Janā saṅgamma mantenti mañ ca tañ ca kimantaran” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.228)

ca ādīsu hi kāraṇe antarā-saddo.

“Addasa maṃ, bhante, aññatarā itthī vijjantarikāya bhājanaṃ dhovantī” ti (ma. ni. 2.149)

ādīsu khaṇe.

“Yass’antarato na santi kopā” ti (udā. 20)

ādīsu citte.

“Antarā vosānam āpādī” ti (cūḷava. 350)

ādīsu vemajjhe.

“Api cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, Tapodā dvinnaṃ mahānirayānaṃ antarikāya āgacchatī” ti (pārā. 231)

ādīsu vivare. Svāyam idha vivare vattati, tasmā Rājagahassa ca Nāḷandāya ca vivare ti evam etth’attho veditabbo. Antarā-saddena pana yuttattā upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ. Īdisesu ca ṭhānesu akkharacintakā “antarā gāmañ ca nadiñ ca yātī” ti evaṃ ekam eva antarāsaddaṃ payujjanti, so dutiyapadena pi yojetabbo hoti, ayojiyamāne upayogavacanaṃ na pāpuṇāti, idha pana yojetvā yeva vutto ti.

Addhānamaggappaṭipanno hotī ti addhāna-saṅkhātaṃ maggaṃ paṭipanno hoti, “dīghamaggan” ti attho. Addhāna-gamana-samayassa hi Vibhaṅge “aḍḍhayojanaṃ gacchissāmī ti bhuñjitabban” ti (pāci. 218) ādivacanato aḍḍhayojanam pi addhānamaggo hoti, Rājagahato pana Nāḷandā yojanam eva.

Mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhin ti mahatā ti guṇamahattena pi mahatā, saṅkhyāmahattena pi mahatā. So hi bhikkhusaṅgho guṇehi pi mahā ahosi, appicchatādi-guṇa-samannāgatattā. Saṅkhyāya pi mahā, pañcasatasaṅkhyattā. Bhikkhūnaṃ saṅgho “bhikkhusaṅgho”, tena bhikkhusaṅghena, diṭṭhi-sīla-sāmañña-saṅghāta-saṅkhātena samaṇagaṇenā ti attho. Saddhin ti ekato.

Pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehī ti pañcamattā etesan ti pañcamattāni. Mattā ti pamāṇaṃ vuccati, tasmā yathā “bhojane mattaññū” ti vutte “bhojane mattaṃ jānāti, pamāṇaṃ jānātī” ti attho hoti, evam idhāpi – “tesaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ pañcamattā pañcapamāṇan” ti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Bhikkhūnaṃ satāni bhikkhusatāni, tehi pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi.

Suppiyo pi kho paribbājako ti Suppiyo ti tassa nāmaṃ. Pi-kāro maggappaṭipanna-sabhāgatāya puggala-sampiṇḍanattho. Kho-kāro padasandhikaro, byañjana-siliṭṭhatā-vasena vutto. Paribbājako ti Sañjayassa antevāsī channaparibbājako. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – “yadā Bhagavā taṃ addhānamaggaṃ paṭipanno, tadā Suppiyo pi paribbājako paṭipanno ahosī” ti. Atītakālattho h’ettha hoti-saddo.

Saddhiṃ antevāsinā Brahmadattena māṇavenā ti ettha ante vasatī ti antevāsī, samīpacāro santikāvacaro sisso ti attho. Brahmadatto ti tassa nāmaṃ. Māṇavo ti satto pi coro pi taruṇo pi vuccati.

“Coditā devadūtehi, ye pamajjanti māṇavā;
te dīgharattaṃ socanti, hīnakāyūpagā narā” ti. (ma. ni. 3.271)

ādīsu hi satto māṇavo ti vutto.

“Māṇavehi pi samāgacchanti katakammehi pi akatakammehi pī” ti (ma. ni. 2.149)

ādīsu coro.

“Ambaṭṭho māṇavo, Aṅgako māṇavo” ti (dī. ni. 1.316)

ādīsu taruṇo māṇavo ti vutto. Idhāpi ayam ev’attho. Idañ hi vuttaṃ hoti – Brahmadattena nāma taruṇantevāsinā saddhin ti.

Tatrā ti tasmiṃ addhānamagge, tesu vā dvīsu janesu. Sudan ti nipātamattaṃ. Anekapariyāyenā ti pariyāya-saddo tāva vāra-desanā-kāraṇesu vattati.

“Kassa nu kho, Ānanda, ajja pariyāyo bhikkhuniyo ovaditun” ti (ma. ni. 3.398)

ādīsu hi vāre pariyāyasaddo vattati.

“Madhupiṇḍikapariyāyo tv eva naṃ dhārehī” ti (ma. ni. 1.205)

ādīsu desanāyaṃ.

“Iminā pi kho, te rājañña, pariyāyena evaṃ hotū” ti (dī. ni. 2.411)

ādīsu kāraṇe. Svāyam idhāpi kāraṇe vattati, tasmā ayam ettha attho – “anekavidhena kāraṇenā” ti, “bahūhi kāraṇehī” ti vuttaṃ hoti.

Buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī ti avaṇṇavirahitassa aparimāṇavaṇṇa-samannāgatassāpi Buddhassa Bhagavato – “yaṃ loke jātivuḍḍhesu kattabbaṃ abhivādanādi-sāmīcikammaṃ ‘sāmaggiraso’ ti vuccati, taṃ samaṇassa Gotamassa natthi, tasmā arasarūpo samaṇo Gotamo nibbhogo akiriyavādo ucchedavādo jegucchī venayiko tapassī apagabbho. Natthi samaṇassa Gotamassa uttarimanussadhammo alam-ariyañāṇadassana-viseso. Takkapariyāhataṃ samaṇo Gotamo dhammaṃ deseti, vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ sayaṃpaṭibhānaṃ. Samaṇo Gotamo na sabbaññū, na lokavidū, na anuttaro, na aggapuggalo” ti evaṃ taṃ taṃ akāraṇam eva kāraṇan ti vatvā tathā tathā avaṇṇaṃ dosaṃ nindaṃ bhāsati.

Yathā ca Buddhassa, evaṃ dhammassāpi taṃ taṃ akāraṇam eva kāraṇato vatvā – “samaṇassa Gotamassa dhammo durakkhāto duppaṭivedito aniyyāniko anupasama-saṃvattaniko” ti tathā tathā avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati.

Yathā ca dhammassa, evaṃ saṅghassāpi yaṃ vā taṃ vā akāraṇam eva kāraṇato vatvā – “micchāpaṭipanno samaṇassa Gotamassa sāvakasaṅgho kuṭilapaṭipanno paccanīka-paṭipadaṃ ananuloma-paṭipadaṃ adhammānuloma-paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno” ti tathā tathā avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati.

Antevāsī pan’assa – “amhākaṃ ācariyo aparāmasitabbaṃ parāmasati, anakkamitabbaṃ akkamati, svāyaṃ aggiṃ gilanto viya, hatthena asidhāraṃ parāmasanto viya, muṭṭhinā Sineruṃ padāletukāmo viya, kakacadantapantiyaṃ kīḷamāno viya, pabhinnamadaṃ caṇḍahatthiṃ hatthena gaṇhanto viya ca vaṇṇārahasseva ratanattayassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsamāno anayabyasanaṃ pāpuṇissati. Ācariye kho pana gūthaṃ vā aggiṃ vā kaṇṭakaṃ vā kaṇhasappaṃ vā akkamante, sūlaṃ vā abhirūhante, halāhalaṃ vā visaṃ khādante, khārodakaṃ vā pakkhalante, narakapapātaṃ vā papatante, na antevāsinā taṃ sabbam anukātabbaṃ hoti. Kammassakā hi sattā attano kammānurūpam eva gatiṃ gacchanti. Neva pitā puttassa kammena gacchati, na putto pitu kammena, na mātā puttassa, na putto mātuyā, na bhātā bhaginiyā, na bhaginī bhātu, na ācariyo antevāsino, na antevāsī ācariyassa kammena gacchati. Mayhañ ca ācariyo tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, mahāsāvajjo kho panāriyūpavādo ti. Evaṃ yoniso ummujjitvā ācariyavādaṃ maddamāno, sammākāraṇam eva kāraṇato apadisanto, anekapariyāyena tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitum āraddho, yathā taṃ paṇḍitajātiko kulaputto”. Tena vuttaṃ – “Suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī Brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena Buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī” ti.

Tattha vaṇṇan ti vaṇṇa-saddo saṇṭhāna-jāti-rūpāyatana-kāraṇa-pamāṇa-guṇa-pasaṃsādīsu dissati. Tattha

“Mahantaṃ sappa-rāja-vaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.142)

ādīsu saṇṭhānaṃ vuccati.

“Brāhmaṇo va seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo” ti (ma. ni. 2.402)

ādīsu jāti.

“Paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato” ti (dī. ni. 1.303)

ādīsu rūpāyatanaṃ.

“Na harāmi na bhañjāmi, ārā siṅghāmi vārijaṃ;
atha kena nu vaṇṇena, gandhattheno ti vuccatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.234)

ādīsu kāraṇaṃ.

“Tayo pattassa vaṇṇā” ti (pārā. 602)

ādīsu pamāṇaṃ.

“Kadā saññūḷhā pana te, gahapati, ime samaṇassa Gotamassa vaṇṇā” ti (ma. ni. 2.77)

ādīsu guṇo.

“Vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī” ti (a. ni. 2.135)

ādīsu pasaṃsā. Idha guṇo pi pasaṃsā pi. Ayaṃ kira taṃ taṃ bhūtam eva kāraṇaṃ apadisanto anekapariyāyena ratanattayassa guṇūpasañhitaṃ pasaṃsaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha –

“Itipi so Bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho” ti (pārā. 1)

ādinā nayena

“Ye, bhikkhave, Buddhe pasannā, agge te pasannā” ti

ādinā

“Ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati…pe… asamo asamasamo” ti (a. ni. 1.174)

ādinā ca nayena Buddhassa vaṇṇo veditabbo.

“Svākkhāto Bhagavatā dhammo” ti (dī. ni. 2.159)

ca

“Ālayasamugghāto vaṭṭupacchedo” ti (iti. 90; a. ni. 4.34)

ca

“Ye, bhikkhave, ariye aṭṭhaṅgike magge pasannā, agge te pasannā” ti

ca evamādīhi nayehi dhammassa vaṇṇo veditabbo.

“Suppaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho” ti (dī. ni. 2.159)

ca

“Ye, bhikkhave, saṅghe pasannā, agge te pasannā” ti (a. ni. 4.34)

ca evamādīhi pana nayehi saṅghassa vaṇṇo veditabbo.

Pahontena pana dhammakathikena pañcanikāye navaṅgaṃ Satthusāsanaṃ caturāsīti-dhammakkhandha-sahassāni ogāhitvā Buddhādīnaṃ vaṇṇo pakāsetabbo. Imasmiñ hi ṭhāne Buddhādīnaṃ guṇe pakāsento atitthena pakkhando dhammakathiko ti na sakkā vattuṃ. Īdisesu hi ṭhānesu dhammakathikassa thāmo veditabbo. Brahmadatto pana māṇavo anussavādi-matta-sambandhitena attano thāmena ratanattayassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati.

Itiha te ubho ācariyantevāsī ti evaṃ te dve ācariyantevāsikā. Aññamaññassā ti añño aññassa. Ujuvipaccanīkavādā ti īsakam pi apariharitvā ujum eva vividha-paccanīkavādā, anekavāraṃ viruddhavādā eva hutvā ti attho. Ācariyena hi ratanattayassa avaṇṇe bhāsite antevāsī vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, puna itaro avaṇṇaṃ, itaro vaṇṇan ti evaṃ ācariyo sāraphalake visarukkha-āṇiṃ ākoṭayamāno viya punappunaṃ ratanattayassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, antevāsī pana suvaṇṇarajata-maṇimayāya āṇiyā taṃ āṇiṃ paṭibāhayamāno viya punappunaṃ ratanattayassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Tena vuttaṃ “ujuvipaccanīkavādā” ti. Bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañ cā ti Bhagavantañ ca bhikkhusaṅghañ ca pacchato pacchato dassanaṃ avijahantā iriyāpathānubandhanena anubandhā honti, sīsānulokino hutvā anugatā hontī ti attho.

Kasmā pana Bhagavā taṃ addhānaṃ paṭipanno? Kasmā ca Suppiyo anubandho? Kasmā ca so ratanattayassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī ti? Bhagavā tāva tasmiṃ kāle Rājagaha-parivattakesu aṭṭhārasasu mahāvihāresu aññatarasmiṃ vasitvā pāto va sarīrappaṭijagganaṃ katvā bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto Rājagahe piṇḍāya carati. So taṃ divasaṃ bhikkhusaṅghassa sulabhapiṇḍapātaṃ katvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pattacīvaraṃ gāhāpetvā – Nāḷandaṃ gamissāmī ti, Rājagahato nikkhamitvā taṃ addhānaṃ paṭipanno.

Suppiyo pi kho tasmiṃ kāle Rājagaha-parivattake aññatarasmiṃ paribbājakārāme vasitvā paribbājakaparivuto Rājagahe bhikkhāya carati. So pi taṃ divasaṃ paribbājakaparisāya sulabhabhikkhaṃ katvā bhuttapātarāso paribbājake paribbājakaparikkhāraṃ gāhāpetvā – Nāḷandaṃ gamissām’icc eva Bhagavato taṃ maggaṃ paṭipannabhāvaṃ ajānanto va anubandho. Sace pana jāneyya nānubandheyya. So ajānitvā va gacchanto gīvaṃ ukkhipitvā olokayamāno Bhagavantaṃ addasa buddhasiriyā sobhamānaṃ rattakambala-parikkhittam iva jaṅgama-kanaka-giri-sikharaṃ.

Tasmiṃ kira samaye Dasabalassa sarīrato nikkhamitvā chabbaṇṇarasmiyo samantā asītihatthappamāṇe padese ādhāvanti vidhāvanti ratanāveḷa-ratanadāma-ratanacuṇṇa-vippakiṇṇaṃ viya, pasārita-ratana-citta-kañcana-paṭam iva, ratta-suvaṇṇarasa-nisiñcamānam iva, ukkā-sata-nipāta-samākulam iva, nirantara-vippakiṇṇa-kaṇikāra-puppham iva, vāyu-vega-kkhitta-cīnapiṭṭha-cuṇṇam iva, indadhanu-vijjulatā-tārāgaṇa-ppabhāvisara-vipphurita-viccharitam iva ca taṃ v’anantaraṃ hoti.

Asīti anubyañjanānurañjitañ ca pana Bhagavato sarīraṃ vikasita-kamaluppalam iva, saraṃ sabba-pāliphullam iva pāricchattakaṃ, tārā-marīci-vikasitam iva, gaganatalaṃ siriyā avahasantam iva, byāmappabhā-parikkhepa-vilāsinī c’assa dvattiṃsa-varalakkhaṇa-mālā ganthetvā, ṭhapita-dvattiṃsa-candamālāya dvattiṃsa-sūriyamālāya paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapita-dvattiṃsa-cakkavatti-dvattiṃsa-sakkadevarāja-dvattiṃsa-mahābrahmānaṃ siriṃ siriyā abhibhavantim iva.

Tañ ca pana Bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā ṭhitā bhikkhū sabbe va appicchā santuṭṭhā pavivittā asaṃsaṭṭhā codakā pāpagarahino vattāro vacanakkhamā sīlasampannā samādhi-paññā-vimutti-vimuttiññāṇadassana-sampannā. Tesaṃ majjhe Bhagavā rattakambala-pākāra-parikkhitto viya kañcanathambho, rattapaduma-saṇḍa-majjhagatā viya suvaṇṇanāvā, pavāḷa-vedikā-parikkhitto viya aggikkhandho, tārāgaṇa-parivārito viya puṇṇacando, migapakkhīnam pi cakkhūni pīṇayati, pageva devamanussānaṃ.

Tasmiñ ca pana divase yebhuyyena asītimahātherā meghavaṇṇaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ ekaṃsaṃ karitvā, kattaradaṇḍaṃ ādāya, suvammavammitā viya gandhahatthino, vigatadosā vantadosā bhinnakilesā vijaṭitajaṭā chinnabandhanā Bhagavantaṃ parivārayiṃsu. So sayaṃ vītarāgo vītarāgehi, sayaṃ vītadoso vītadosehi, sayaṃ vītamoho vītamohehi, sayaṃ vītataṇho vītataṇhehi, sayaṃ nikkileso nikkilesehi, sayaṃ buddho anubuddhehi parivārito; patta-parivāritaṃ viya kesaraṃ, kesara-parivāritā viya kaṇṇikā, aṭṭhanāgasahassa-parivārito viya chaddanto nāgarājā, navuti-haṃsa-sahassa-parivārito viya dhataraṭṭho haṃsarājā, senaṅga-parivārito viya cakkavattirājā, devagaṇa-parivārito viya sakko devarājā, brahmagaṇa-parivārito viya Hārito mahābrahmā, aparimitakāla-sañcita-puññabala-nibbattāya acinteyyāya anopamāya buddhalīlāya cando viya gaganatalaṃ taṃ maggaṃ paṭipanno hoti.

Ath’evaṃ Bhagavantaṃ anopamāya buddhalīlāya gacchantaṃ bhikkhū ca okkhittacakkhū santindriye santamānase uparinabhe ṭhitaṃ puṇṇacandaṃ viya Bhagavantaṃ yeva namassamāne disvā va paribbājako attano parisaṃ avalokesi. Sā hoti kājadaṇḍake olambetvā gahitolugga-vilugga-piṭṭhaka-tidaṇḍa-morapiñcha-mattikāpatta-pasibbaka-kuṇḍikādi-aneka-parikkhāra-bhāra-bharitā, “asukassa hatthā sobhaṇā, asukassa pādā” ti evamādi-niratthaka-vacanā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā adassanīyā apāsādikā. Tassa taṃ disvā vippaṭisāro udapādi.

Idāni tena Bhagavato vaṇṇo vattabbo bhaveyya, yasmā pan’esa lābhasakkārahāniyā c’eva pakkhahāniyā ca niccam pi Bhagavantaṃ usūyati. Aññatitthiyānañ hi yāva buddho loke nuppajjati, tāvad eva lābhasakkārā nibbattanti, buddhuppādato pana paṭṭhāya parihīnalābhasakkārā honti, sūriyuggamane khajjopanakā viya nissirīkataṃ āpajjanti. Upatissa-Kolitānañ ca Sañjayassa santike pabbajitakāle yeva paribbājakā mahāparisā ahesuṃ, tesu pana pakkantesu sā pi tesaṃ parisā bhinnā. Iti imehi dvīhi kāraṇehi ayaṃ paribbājako yasmā niccam pi Bhagavantaṃ usūyati, tasmā taṃ usūya-visuggāraṃ uggiranto ratanattayassa avaṇṇam eva bhāsatī ti veditabbo.

2

Atha kho Bhagavā Ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ rājāgārake ekarattivāsaṃ upagacchi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā ti Bhagavā tāya buddhalīlāya gacchamāno anupubbena Ambalaṭṭhikādvāraṃ pāpuṇitvā sūriyaṃ oloketvā – “akālo dāni gantuṃ, atthasamīpaṃ gato sūriyo” ti Ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ rājāgārake ekarattivāsaṃ upagacchi.

Tattha Ambalaṭṭhikā ti rañño uyyānaṃ. Tassa kira dvārasamīpe taruṇa-ambarukkho atthi, taṃ “Ambalaṭṭhikā” ti vadanti. Tassa avidūre bhavattā uyyānam pi Ambalaṭṭhikā tv eva saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ. Taṃ chāyūdaka-sampannaṃ pākāra-parikkhittaṃ suyojitadvāraṃ mañjusā viya suguttaṃ. Tattha rañño kīḷanatthaṃ paṭibhānacitta-vicittaṃ agāraṃ akaṃsu. Taṃ “rājāgārakan” ti vuccati.

Suppiyo pi kho ti Suppiyo pi tasmiṃ ṭhāne sūriyaṃ oloketvā – “akālo dāni gantuṃ, bahū khuddakamahallakā paribbājakā, bahuparissayo ca ayaṃ maggo corehi pi vāḷayakkhehi pi vāḷamigehi pi, ayaṃ kho pana samaṇo Gotamo uyyānaṃ paviṭṭho, samaṇassa ca Gotamassa vasanaṭṭhāne devatā ārakkhaṃ gaṇhanti, handāham pi idha ekarattivāsaṃ upagantvā sve va gamissāmī” ti tad ev’uyyānaṃ pāvisi. Tato bhikkhusaṅgho Bhagavato vattaṃ dassetvā attano attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ sallakkhesi. Paribbājako pi uyyānassa ekapasse paribbājaka-parikkhāre otāretvā vāsaṃ upagacchi saddhiṃ attano parisāya. Pāḷiyam ārūḷhavasen’eva pana – “saddhiṃ attano antevāsinā Brahmadattena māṇavenā” ti vuttaṃ.

Evaṃ vāsaṃ upagato pana so paribbājako rattibhāge Dasabalaṃ olokesi. Tasmiñ ca samaye samantā vippakiṇṇatārakā viya padīpā jalanti, majjhe Bhagavā nisinno hoti, bhikkhusaṅgho ca Bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā. Tattha ekabhikkhussa pi hatthakukkuccaṃ vā pādakukkuccaṃ vā ukkāsitasaddo vā khipitasaddo vā natthi. Sā hi parisā attano ca sikkhitasikkhatāya satthari ca gāravenā ti dvīhi kāraṇehi nivāte padīpasikhā viya niccalā sannisinnā va ahosi. Paribbājako taṃ vibhūtiṃ disvā attano parisaṃ olokesi. Tattha keci hatthaṃ khipanti, keci pādaṃ, keci vippalapanti, keci nillālitajivhā paggharitakheḷā, dante khādantā kākacchamānā gharugharupassāsino sayanti. So ratanattayassa guṇavaṇṇe vattabbe pi issāvasena puna avaṇṇam eva ārabhi, Brahmadatto pana vuttanayen’eva vaṇṇaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – “tatrāpi sudaṃ Suppiyo paribbājako” ti sabbaṃ vattabbaṃ. Tattha tatrāpī ti tasmim pi, Ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ uyyāne ti attho.

3

Sambahulānan ti bahukānaṃ. Tattha Vinayapariyāyena tayo janā “sambahulā” ti vuccanti, tato paraṃ saṅgho, Suttantapariyāyena pana tayo tayo va, tato paṭṭhāya sambahulā. Idha Suttantapariyāyena “sambahulā” ti veditabbā. Maṇḍalamāḷe ti katthaci dve kaṇṇikā gahetvā haṃsavaṭṭakacchannena katā kūṭāgārasālā pi “maṇḍalamāḷo” ti vuccati, katthaci ekaṃ kaṇṇikaṃ gahetvā thambhapantiṃ parikkhipitvā katā upaṭṭhānasālā pi “maṇḍalamāḷo” ti vuccati. Idha pana nisīdanasālā “maṇḍalamāḷo” ti veditabbo. Sannisinnānan ti nisajjanavasena. Sannipatitānan ti samodhānavasena. Ayaṃ saṅkhiyadhammo ti saṅkhiyā vuccati kathā, kathādhammo ti attho. Udapādī ti uppanno. Katamo pana so ti? Acchariyaṃ āvuso ti evamādi.

Tattha andhassa pabbatārohaṇaṃ viya niccaṃ na hotī ti acchariyaṃ. Ayaṃ tāva saddanayo. Ayaṃ pana aṭṭhakathānayo – accharāyoggan ti acchariyaṃ, accharaṃ paharituṃ yuttan ti attho. Abhūtapubbaṃ bhūtan ti abbhutaṃ. Ubhayaṃ p’etaṃ vimhayass’evādhivacanaṃ. Yāvañ c’idan ti yāva ca idaṃ, tena suppaṭividitatāya appameyyattaṃ dasseti.

Tena Bhagavatā jānatā…pe… suppaṭividitā ti etthāyaṃ saṅkhepattho: yo so Bhagavā samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā sabbakilese bhañjitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, tena Bhagavatā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ āsayānusayaṃ jānatā, hatthatale ṭhapitaṃ āmalakaṃ viya sabbañeyyadhammaṃ passatā.

Api ca pubbenivāsādīhi jānatā, dibbena cakkhunā passatā. Tīhi vijjāhi chahi vā pana abhiññāhi jānatā, sabbattha appaṭihatena samantacakkhunā passatā. Sabbadhammajānanasamatthāya vā paññāya jānatā, sabbasattānaṃ cakkhuvisayātītāni tirokuṭṭādigatāni pi rūpāni ativisuddhena maṃsacakkhunā passatā. Attahitasādhikāya vā samādhipadaṭṭhānāya paṭivedhapaññāya jānatā, parahitasādhikāya karuṇāpadaṭṭhānāya desanāpaññāya passatā.

Arīnaṃ hatattā paccayādīnañ ca arahattā arahatā. Sammā sāmañ ca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddhena. Antarāyikadhamme vā jānatā, niyyānikadhamme passatā, kilesārīnaṃ hatattā arahatā, sammā sāmañ ca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddhenā ti evaṃ catūvesārajjavasena catūh’ākārehi thomitena sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatā nānajjhāsayatā suppaṭividitā yāva ca suṭṭhu paṭividitā.

Idāni’ssa suppaṭividitabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ “ayañ hī” ti ādim āha. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti yā ca ayaṃ Bhagavatā

“Dhātuso, bhikkhave, sattā saṃsandanti samenti, hīnādhimuttikā hīnādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, kalyāṇādhimuttikā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti. Atītam pi kho, bhikkhave, addhānaṃ dhātuso va sattā saṃsandiṃsu samiṃsu, hīnādhimuttikā hīnādhimuttikehi…pe… kalyāṇādhimuttikā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandiṃsu samiṃsu, anāgatam pi kho, bhikkhave, addhānaṃ…pe… saṃsandissanti samessanti, etarahi pi kho, bhikkhave, paccuppannaṃ addhānaṃ dhātuso va sattā saṃsandanti samenti, hīnādhimuttikā hīnādhimuttikehi…pe… kalyāṇādhimuttikā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samentī” ti

evaṃ sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatā nānajjhāsayatā nānādiṭṭhikatā nānākhantitā nānārucitā, nāḷiyā minantena viya tulāya tulayantena viya ca nānādhimuttikatāñāṇena sabbaññutaññāṇena viditā, sā yāva suppaṭividitā. Dve pi nāma sattā ekajjhāsayā dullabhā lokasmiṃ. Ekasmiṃ gantukāme eko ṭhātukāmo hoti, ekasmiṃ pivitukāme eko bhuñjitukāmo. Imesu cāpi dvīsu ācariyantevāsīsu “ayañ hi Suppiyo paribbājako…pe… Bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañ cā” ti. Tattha itiha’me ti itiha ime, evaṃ ime ti attho. Sesaṃ vuttanayam eva.

4

Atha kho Bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ imaṃ saṅkhiyadhammaṃ viditvā ti ettha viditvā ti sabbaññutaññāṇena jānitvā. Bhagavā hi katthaci maṃsacakkhunā disvā jānāti –

“Addasā kho Bhagavā mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ Gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamānan” ti (saṃ. ni. 4.241)

ādīsu viya. Katthaci dibbacakkhunā disvā jānāti –

“Addasā kho Bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tā devatāyo sahassass’eva Pāṭaligāme vatthūni parigaṇhantiyo” ti (dī. ni. 2.152)

ādīsu viya. Katthaci pakatisotena sutvā jānāti –

“Assosi kho Bhagavā āyasmato Ānandassa Subhaddena paribbājakena saddhiṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpan” ti (dī. ni. 2.213)

ādīsu viya. Katthaci dibbasotena sutvā jānāti –

“Assosi kho Bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya Sandhānassa gahapatissa Nigrodhena paribbājakena saddhiṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpan” ti (dī. ni. 3.54)

ādīsu viya. Idha pana sabbaññutaññāṇena sutvā aññāsi.

Kiṃ karonto aññāsi? Pacchimayāmakiccaṃ. Kiccañ ca nām’etaṃ sātthakaṃ niratthakan ti duvidhaṃ hoti. Tattha niratthakakiccaṃ Bhagavatā bodhipallaṅke yeva arahattamaggena samugghātaṃ kataṃ. Sātthakaṃ yeva pana Bhagavato kiccaṃ hoti. Taṃ pañcavidhaṃ – purebhattakiccaṃ, pacchābhattakiccaṃ, purimayāmakiccaṃ, majjhimayāmakiccaṃ, pacchimayāmakiccan ti.

Tatr’idaṃ purebhattakiccaṃ – Bhagavā hi pāto va uṭṭhāya upaṭṭhākānuggahatthaṃ sarīraphāsukatthañ ca mukhadhovanādi-sarīra-parikammaṃ katvā yāva bhikkhācāravelā tāva vivittāsane vītināmetvā, bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā cīvaraṃ pārupitvā pattam ādāya kadāci ekako, kadāci bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto, gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati; kadāci pakatiyā, kadāci anekehi pāṭihāriyehi vattamānehi.

Seyyathidaṃ, piṇḍāya pavisato Lokanāthassa purato purato gantvā mudugatavātā pathaviṃ sodhenti. Valāhakā udakaphusitāni muñcantā magge reṇuṃ vūpasametvā upari vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhanti. Apare vātā pupphāni upasaṃharitvā magge okiranti. Unnatā bhūmippadesā onamanti, onatā unnamanti, pādanikkhepasamaye samā va bhūmi hoti, sukhasamphassāni padumapupphāni vā pāde sampaṭicchanti. Indakhīlassa anto ṭhapitamatte dakkhiṇapāde sarīrato chabbaṇṇarasmiyo nikkhamitvā suvaṇṇarasapiñjarāni viya citrapaṭaparikkhittāni viya ca pāsāda-kūṭāgārādīni alaṅkarontiyo ito c’ito ca dhāvanti. Hatthi-assa-vihaṅgādayo sakasakaṭṭhānesu ṭhitā yeva madhurenākārena saddaṃ karonti, tathā bherivīṇādīni tūriyāni manussānañ ca kāyūpagāni ābharaṇāni. Tena saññāṇena manussā jānanti – “ajja Bhagavā idha piṇḍāya paviṭṭho” ti.

Te sunivatthā supārutā gandhapupphādīni ādāya gharā nikkhamitvā antaravīthiṃ paṭipajjitvā Bhagavantaṃ gandhapupphādīhi sakkaccaṃ pūjetvā vanditvā – “amhākaṃ, bhante, dasa bhikkhū, amhākaṃ vīsati, paññāsaṃ…pe… sataṃ dethā” ti yācitvā Bhagavato pi pattaṃ gahetvā āsanaṃ paññapetvā sakkaccaṃ piṇḍapātena paṭimānenti. Bhagavā katabhattakicco tesaṃ sattānaṃ cittasantānāni oloketvā tathā dhammaṃ deseti, yathā keci saraṇagamanesu patiṭṭhahanti, keci pañcasu sīlesu, keci sotāpatti-sakadāgāmi-anāgāmiphalānaṃ aññatarasmiṃ; keci pabbajitvā aggaphale arahatte ti. Evaṃ mahājanaṃ anuggahetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ gacchati. Tattha gantvā maṇḍalamāḷe paññatta-varabuddhāsane nisīdati, bhikkhūnaṃ bhattakiccapariyosānaṃ āgamayamāno. Tato bhikkhūnaṃ bhattakiccapariyosāne upaṭṭhāko Bhagavato nivedeti. Atha Bhagavā gandhakuṭiṃ pavisati. Idaṃ tāva purebhattakiccaṃ.

Atha Bhagavā evaṃ katapurebhattakicco gandhakuṭiyā upaṭṭhāne nisīditvā pāde pakkhāletvā pādapīṭhe ṭhatvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ ovadati – “bhikkhave, appamādena sampādetha, dullabho buddhuppādo lokasmiṃ, dullabho manussattapaṭilābho, dullabhā sampatti, dullabhā pabbajjā, dullabhaṃ saddhammassavanan” ti. Tattha keci Bhagavantaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ pucchanti. Bhagavā pi tesaṃ cariyānurūpaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ deti. Tato sabbe pi Bhagavantaṃ vanditvā attano attano rattiṭṭhāna-divāṭṭhānāni gacchanti, keci araññaṃ, keci rukkhamūlaṃ, keci pabbatādīnaṃ aññataraṃ, keci Cātumahārājikabhavanaṃ…pe… keci Vasavattibhavanan ti. Tato Bhagavā gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā sace ākaṅkhati, dakkhiṇena passena sato sampajāno muhuttaṃ sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti.

Atha samassāsitakāyo vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyabhāge lokaṃ voloketi. Tatiyabhāge yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati tattha mahājano purebhattaṃ dānaṃ datvā pacchābhattaṃ sunivattho supāruto gandhapupphādīni ādāya vihāre sannipatati. Tato Bhagavā sampattaparisāya anurūpena pāṭihāriyena gantvā dhammasabhāyaṃ paññattavarabuddhāsane nisajja dhammaṃ deseti kālayuttaṃ samayayuttaṃ, atha kālaṃ viditvā parisaṃ uyyojeti, manussā Bhagavantaṃ vanditvā pakkamanti. Idaṃ pacchābhattakiccaṃ.

So evaṃ niṭṭhita-pacchābhattakicco sace gattāni osiñcitukāmo hoti, buddhāsanā vuṭṭhāya nhānakoṭṭhakaṃ pavisitvā upaṭṭhākena paṭiyādita-udakena gattāni utuṃ gaṇhāpeti. Upaṭṭhāko pi buddhāsanaṃ ānetvā gandhakuṭipariveṇe paññapeti. Bhagavā surattadupaṭṭaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā uttarāsaṅgaṃ ekaṃsaṃ karitvā tattha gantvā nisīdati ekako va muhuttaṃ paṭisallīno. Atha bhikkhū tato tato āgamma Bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchanti. Tattha ekacce pañhaṃ pucchanti, ekacce kammaṭṭhānaṃ, ekacce dhammassavanaṃ yācanti. Bhagavā tesaṃ adhippāyaṃ sampādento purimayāmaṃ vītināmeti. Idaṃ purimayāmakiccaṃ.

Purimayāmakiccapariyosāne pana bhikkhūsu Bhagavantaṃ vanditvā pakkantesu sakala-dasa-sahassilokadhātu-devatāyo okāsaṃ labhamānā Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti, yathābhisaṅkhataṃ antamaso caturakkharam pi. Bhagavā tāsaṃ devatānaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjento majjhimayāmaṃ vītināmeti. Idaṃ majjhimayāmakiccaṃ.

Pacchimayāmaṃ pana tayo koṭṭhāse katvā purebhattato paṭṭhāya nisajjāya pīḷitassa sarīrassa kilāsubhāvamocanatthaṃ ekaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ caṅkamena vītināmeti. Dutiyakoṭṭhāse gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā dakkhiṇena passena sato sampajāno sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti. Tatiyakoṭṭhāse paccuṭṭhāya nisīditvā purimabuddhānaṃ santike dānasīlādivasena katādhikāra-puggala-dassanatthaṃ buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ voloketi. Idaṃ pacchimayāmakiccaṃ.

Tasmiṃ pana divase Bhagavā purebhattakiccaṃ Rājagahe pariyosāpetvā pacchābhatte maggaṃ āgato, purimayāme bhikkhūnaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā, majjhimayāme devatānaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjetvā, pacchimayāme caṅkamaṃ āruyha caṅkamamāno pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ imaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ārabbha pavattaṃ kathaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇen’eva sutvā aññāsī ti. Tena vuttaṃ – “pacchimayāmakiccaṃ karonto aññāsī” ti.

Ñatvā ca pan’assa etad ahosi – “ime bhikkhū mayhaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ārabbha guṇaṃ kathenti, etesañ ca sabbaññutaññāṇa-kiccaṃ na pākaṭaṃ, mayham eva pākaṭaṃ. Mayi pana gate ete attano kathaṃ nirantaraṃ ārocessanti, tato nesaṃ ahaṃ taṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā tividhaṃ sīlaṃ vibhajanto, dvāsaṭṭhiyā ṭhānesu appaṭivattiyaṃ sīhanādaṃ nadanto, paccayākāraṃ samodhānetvā buddhaguṇe pākaṭe katvā, Sineruṃ ukkhipento viya suvaṇṇakūṭena nabhaṃ paharanto viya ca dasasahassilokadhātukampanaṃ Brahmajālasuttantaṃ arahattanikūṭena niṭṭhāpento desessāmi, sā me desanā parinibbutassāpi pañcavassasahassāni sattānaṃ amata-mahānibbānaṃ sampāpikā bhavissatī” ti. Evaṃ cintetvā yena maṇḍalamāḷo ten’upasaṅkamī ti. Yenā ti yena disābhāgena, so upasaṅkamitabbo. Bhummatthe vā etaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ, yasmiṃ padese so maṇḍalamāḷo, tattha gato ti ayam ettha attho.

Paññatte āsane nisīdī ti buddhakāle kira yattha yattha eko pi bhikkhu viharati sabbattha buddhāsanaṃ paññattam eva hoti. Kasmā? Bhagavā kira attano santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā phāsukaṭṭhāne viharante manasi karoti – “asuko mayhaṃ santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā gato, sakkhissati nu kho visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ no vā” ti. Atha naṃ passati kammaṭṭhānaṃ vissajjetvā akusalavitakkaṃ vitakkayamānaṃ, tato “kathañ hi nāma mādisassa satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā viharantaṃ imaṃ kulaputtaṃ akusalavitakkā abhibhavitvā anamatagge vaṭṭadukkhe saṃsāressantī” ti tassa anuggahatthaṃ tatth’eva attānaṃ dassetvā taṃ kulaputtaṃ ovaditvā ākāsaṃ uppatitvā puna attano vasanaṭṭhānam eva gacchati. Ath’evaṃ ovadiyamānā te bhikkhū cintayiṃsu – “satthā amhākaṃ manaṃ jānitvā āgantvā amhākaṃ samīpe ṭhitaṃ yeva attānaṃ dasseti, tasmiṃ khaṇe ‘bhante, idha nisīdatha, idha nisīdathā’ ti āsanapariyesanaṃ nāma bhāro” ti te āsanaṃ paññapetvā va viharanti. Yassa pīṭhaṃ atthi, so taṃ paññapeti. Yassa natthi, so mañcaṃ vā phalakaṃ vā kaṭṭhaṃ vā pāsāṇaṃ vā vālukapuñjaṃ vā paññapeti. Taṃ alabhamānā purāṇapaṇṇāni pi saṅkaḍḍhitvā tattha paṃsukūlaṃ pattharitvā ṭhapenti. Idha pana rañño nisīdanāsanam eva atthi, taṃ papphoṭetvā paññapetvā parivāretvā te bhikkhū Bhagavato adhimuttikañāṇam ārabbha guṇaṃ thomayamānā nisīdiṃsu. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ – “paññatte āsane nisīdī” ti.

Evaṃ nisinno pana jānanto yeva kathāsamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ bhikkhū pucchi. Te c’assa sabbaṃ kathayiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ – “nisajja kho Bhagavā” ti ādi. Tattha kāya nutthā ti katamāya nu kathāya sannisinnā bhavathā ti attho. “Kāya netthā” ti pi pāḷi, tassā katamāya nu etthā ti attho, “kāya notthā” ti pi pāḷi, tassāpi purimo yeva attho.

Antarākathā ti, kammaṭṭhāna-manasikāra-uddesa-paripucchādīnaṃ antarā aññā ekā kathā. Vippakatā ti, mama āgamanapaccayā apariniṭṭhitā sikhaṃ appattā. Tena kiṃ dasseti? “Nāhaṃ tumhākaṃ kathābhaṅgatthaṃ āgato, ahaṃ pana sabbaññutāya tumhākaṃ kathaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā matthakappattaṃ katvā dassāmī ti āgato” ti nisajje va sabbaññupavāraṇaṃ pavāreti.

Ayaṃ kho no, bhante, antarākathā vippakatā, atha Bhagavā anuppatto ti etthāpi ayam adhippāyo. Ayaṃ bhante amhākaṃ Bhagavato sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ārabbha guṇakathā vippakatā, na rājakathādikā tiracchānakathā, atha Bhagavā anuppatto; taṃ no idāni niṭṭhāpetvā desethā ti.

Ettāvatā ca yaṃ āyasmatā Ānandena

• kamala-kuvalayujjala-vimala-sādhurasa-salilāya pokkharaṇiyā sukhāvataraṇatthaṃ nimmala-silātala-racana-vilāsa-sobhita-ratana-sopānaṃ vippakiṇṇa-muttā-tala-sadisa-vālukākiṇṇa-paṇḍara-bhūmibhāgaṃ titthaṃ viya,
• suvibhatta-bhitti-vicitra-vedikā-parikkhittassa nakkhattapathaṃ phusitukāmatāya viya vijambhita-samussayassa pāsādavarassa sukhārohaṇatthaṃ dantamaya-saṇha-mudu-phalaka-kañcana-latā-vinaddha-maṇi-gaṇa-ppabhā-samudayujjala-sobhaṃ sopānaṃ viya,
• suvaṇṇa-valaya-nūpurādi-saṅghaṭṭana-sadda-sammissita-kathita-hasita-madhurassara-gehajana-vicaritassa uḷārissari-vibhava-sobhitassa mahāgharassa sukhappavesanatthaṃ suvaṇṇa-rajata-maṇi-mutta-pavāḷādi-juti-vissara-vijjotita-suppatiṭṭhita-visāla-dvārabāhaṃ mahādvāraṃ viya ca

attha-byañjana-sampannassa buddhaguṇānubhāva-saṃsūcakassa imassa suttassa sukhāvagahaṇatthaṃ kāla-desa-desaka-vatthu-parisā-padesa-paṭimaṇḍitaṃ nidānaṃ bhāsitaṃ, tass’atthavaṇṇanā samattā ti.

5

Idāni “mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyun” ti ādinā nayena Bhagavatā nikkhittassa suttassa vaṇṇanāya okāso anuppatto. Sā pan’esā suttavaṇṇanā. Yasmā suttanikkhepaṃ vicāretvā vuccamānā pākaṭā hoti, tasmā suttanikkhepaṃ tāva vicārayissāma. Cattāro hi suttanikkhepā – attajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo pucchāvasiko aṭṭhuppattiko ti.

Tattha yāni suttāni Bhagavā parehi anajjhiṭṭho kevalaṃ attano ajjhāsayen’eva kathesi; seyyathidaṃ – Ākaṅkheyyasuttaṃ, Vatthasuttaṃ, Mahāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ, Mahāsaḷāyatanavibhaṅgasuttaṃ, Ariyavaṃsasuttaṃ, Sammappadhānasuttanta-hārako, iddhipāda-indriya-bala-bojjhaṅga-maggaṅga-suttanta-hārako ti evamādīni; tesaṃ attajjhāsayo nikkhepo.

Yāni pana

“Paripakkā kho Rāhulassa vimuttiparipācaniyā dhammā; yaṃ nūnāhaṃ Rāhulaṃ uttariṃ āsavānaṃ khaye vineyyan” ti (saṃ. ni. 4.121)

evaṃ paresaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ khantiṃ manaṃ abhinīhāraṃ bujjhanabhāvañ ca avekkhitvā parajjhāsayavasena kathitāni; seyyathidaṃ – Cūḷarāhulovādasuttaṃ, Mahārāhulovādasuttaṃ, Dhammacakkappavattanaṃ, Dhātuvibhaṅgasuttan ti evamādīni; tesaṃ parajjhāsayo nikkhepo.

Bhagavantaṃ pana upasaṅkamitvā catasso parisā, cattāro vaṇṇā, nāgā, supaṇṇā, gandhabbā, asurā, yakkhā, mahārājāno, Tāvatiṃsādayo devā, Mahābrahmā ti evamādayo – “bojjhaṅgā bojjhaṅgā ti bhante vuccanti”, “nīvaraṇā nīvaraṇā ti bhante vuccanti”, “ime nu kho, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhā”, “kiṃ sūdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhan” ti ādinā nayena pañhaṃ pucchanti. Evaṃ puṭṭhena Bhagavatā yāni kathitāni Bojjhaṅgasaṃyuttādīni, yāni vā pan’aññāni pi Devatāsaṃyutta-Mārasaṃyutta-Brahmasaṃyutta-Sakkapañha-Cūḷavedalla-Mahāvedalla-Sāmaññaphala-Āḷavaka-Sūciloma-Kharalomasuttādīni; tesaṃ pucchāvasiko nikkhepo.

Yāni pana tāni uppannaṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭicca kathitāni, seyyathidaṃ – Dhammadāyādaṃ, Cūḷasīhanādaṃ, Candūpamaṃ, Puttamaṃsūpamaṃ, Dārukkhandhūpamaṃ, Aggikkhandhūpamaṃ, Pheṇapiṇḍūpamaṃ, Pāricchattakūpaman ti evamādīni; tesaṃ aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo.

Evam etesu catūsu nikkhepesu imassa suttassa aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo. Aṭṭhuppattiyā hi idaṃ Bhagavatā nikkhittaṃ. Katarāya aṭṭhuppattiyā? Vaṇṇāvaṇṇe. Ācariyo ratanattayassa avaṇṇaṃ abhāsi, antevāsī vaṇṇaṃ. Iti imaṃ vaṇṇāvaṇṇaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā desanākusalo Bhagavā – “mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyun” ti desanaṃ ārabhi.

Tattha maman ti sāmivacanaṃ, mamā ti attho. Vā-saddo vikappanattho. Pare ti paṭiviruddhā sattā. Tatrā ti ye avaṇṇaṃ vadanti tesu.

“Na āghāto” ti ādīhi kiñcāpi tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āghāto yeva natthi, atha kho āyatiṃ kulaputtānaṃ īdisesu pi ṭhānesu akusaluppattiṃ paṭisedhento dhammanettiṃ ṭhapeti. Tattha āhanati cittan ti āghāto; kopass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Appatītā honti tena atuṭṭhā asomanassikā ti appaccayo; domanassass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Neva attano na paresaṃ hitaṃ abhirādhayatī ti anabhiraddhi; kopass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Evam ettha dvīhi padehi saṅkhārakkhandho, ekena vedanākkhandho ti dve khandhā vuttā. Tesaṃ vasena sesānam pi sampayuttadhammānaṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭikkhittam eva.

Evaṃ paṭhamena nayena manopadosaṃ nivāretvā, dutiyena nayena tattha ādīnavaṃ dassento āha – “tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā vā anattamanā vā, tumhaṃ yev’assa tena antarāyo” ti. Tattha tatra ce tumhe assathā ti tesu avaṇṇabhāsakesu, tasmiṃ vā avaṇṇe tumhe bhaveyyātha ce; yadi bhaveyyāthā ti attho. Kupitā kopena, anattamanā domanassena tumhaṃ yev’assa tena antarāyo ti tumhākaṃ yeva tena kopena tāya ca anattamanatāya paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ antarāyo bhaveyya.

Evaṃ dutiyena nayena ādīnavaṃ dassetvā, tatiyena nayena vacanattha-sallakkhaṇamatte pi asamatthataṃ dassento – “api nu tumhe paresan” ti ādim āha. Tattha paresan ti yesaṃ kesaṃ ci. Kupito hi neva buddha-paccekabuddha-ariyasāvakānaṃ, na mātāpitūnaṃ, na paccatthikānaṃ subhāsita-dubbhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānāti. Yathāha –

“Kuddho atthaṃ na jānāti, kuddho dhammaṃ na passati;
andhaṃ tamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ kodho sahate naraṃ.

Anatthajanano kodho, kodho cittappakopano;
bhayam antarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhatī” ti. (a. ni. 7.64)

Evaṃ sabbathāpi avaṇṇe manopadosaṃ nisedhetvā idāni paṭipajjitabbākāraṃ dassento – “tatra tumhehi abhūtaṃ abhūtato” ti ādim āha. Tattha tatra tumhehī ti tasmiṃ avaṇṇe tumhehi. Abhūtaṃ abhūtato nibbeṭhetabban ti yaṃ abhūtaṃ, taṃ abhūtabhāven’eva apanetabbaṃ.

Kathaṃ? Iti p’etaṃ abhūtan ti ādinā nayena. Tatrāyaṃ yojanā – “tumhākaṃ satthā na sabbaññū, dhammo durakkhāto, saṅgho duppaṭipanno” ti ādīni sutvā na tuṇhī bhavitabbaṃ, evaṃ pana vattabbaṃ – “iti p’etaṃ abhūtaṃ, yaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ, taṃ iminā pi kāraṇena abhūtaṃ, iminā pi kāraṇena atacchaṃ, natthi c’etaṃ amhesu, na ca pan’etaṃ amhesu saṃvijjati, sabbaññū yeva amhākaṃ satthā, svākkhāto dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅgho, tatra idañ c’idañ ca kāraṇan” ti. Ettha ca dutiyaṃ padaṃ paṭhamassa, catutthañ ca tatiyassa vevacanan ti veditabbaṃ. Idañ ca avaṇṇe yeva nibbeṭhanaṃ kātabbaṃ, na sabbattha. Yadi hi “tvaṃ dussīlo, tav’ācariyo dussīlo, idañ c’idañ ca tayā kataṃ, tav’ācariyena katan” ti vutte tuṇhībhūto adhivāseti, āsaṅkanīyo hoti. Tasmā manopadosaṃ akatvā avaṇṇo nibbeṭhetabbo. “Oṭṭho’si, goṇo’sī” ti ādinā pana nayena dasahi akkosavatthūhi akkosantaṃ puggalaṃ ajjhupekkhitvā adhivāsanakhanti yeva tattha kātabbā.

6

Evaṃ avaṇṇabhūmiyaṃ tādilakkhaṇaṃ dassetvā idāni vaṇṇabhūmiyaṃ dassetuṃ “mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyun” ti ādim āha. Tattha pare ti ye keci pasannā devamanussā. Ānandanti etenā ti ānando, pītiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sumanassa bhāvo somanassaṃ, cetasikasukhass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Uppilāvino bhāvo uppilāvitattaṃ. Kassa uppilāvitattan ti? Cetaso ti. Uddhaccāvahāya uppilāpanapītiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Idhāpi dvīhi padehi saṅkhārakkhandho, ekena vedanākkhandho vutto.

Evaṃ paṭhamanayena uppilāvitattaṃ nivāretvā, dutiyena tattha ādīnavaṃ dassento – “tatra ce tumhe assathā” ti ādim āha. Idhāpi tumhaṃ yev’assa tena antarāyo ti tena uppilāvitattena tumhākaṃ yeva paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ antarāyo bhaveyyā ti attho veditabbo. Kasmā pan’etaṃ vuttaṃ? Nanu Bhagavatā –

“Buddho ti kittayantassa, kāye bhavati yā pīti;
varam eva hi sā pīti, kasiṇenāpi Jambudīpassa.

Dhammo ti kittayantassa, kāye bhavati yā pīti;
varam eva hi sā pīti, kasiṇenāpi Jambudīpassa.

Saṅgho ti kittayantassa, kāye bhavati yā pīti;
varam eva hi sā pīti, kasiṇenāpi Jambudīpassā” ti ca

“Ye, bhikkhave, Buddhe pasannā, agge te pasannā” ti

ca evamādīhi anekasatehi suttehi ratanattaye pītisomanassam eva vaṇṇitan ti. Saccaṃ vaṇṇitaṃ, taṃ pana nekkhammanissitaṃ. Idha – “amhākaṃ buddho, amhākaṃ dhammo” ti ādinā nayena āyasmato Channassa uppannasadisaṃ gehassitaṃ pītisomanassaṃ adhippetaṃ. Idañ hi jhānādi-paṭilābhāya antarāyakaraṃ hoti. Ten’ev’āyasmā Channo pi yāva Buddho na parinibbāyi, tāva visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi, parinibbānakāle paññattena pana brahmadaṇḍena tajjito taṃ pītisomanassaṃ pahāya visesaṃ nibbattesi. Tasmā antarāyakaraṃ yeva sandhāya idaṃ vuttan ti veditabbaṃ. Ayañ hi lobhasahagatā pīti. Lobho ca kodhasadiso va. Yathāha –

“Luddho atthaṃ na jānāti, luddho dhammaṃ na passati;
andhaṃ tamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ lobho sahate naraṃ.

Anatthajanano lobho, lobho cittappakopano;
bhayam antarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhatī” ti. (itivu. 88)

Tatiyavāro pana idha anāgato pi atthato āgato yevā ti veditabbo. Yath’eva hi kuddho, evaṃ luddho pi atthaṃ na jānātī ti.

Paṭipajjitabbākāra-dassana-vāre panāyaṃ yojanā – “tumhākaṃ satthā sabbaññū arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo svākkhāto, saṅgho suppaṭipanno” ti ādīni sutvā na tuṇhī bhavitabbaṃ, evaṃ pana paṭijānitabbaṃ – “iti p’etaṃ bhūtaṃ, yaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ, taṃ iminā pi kāraṇena bhūtaṃ, iminā pi kāraṇena tacchaṃ. So hi Bhagavā iti pi arahaṃ, iti pi sammāsambuddho; dhammo iti pi svākkhāto, iti pi sandiṭṭhiko; saṅgho iti pi suppaṭipanno, iti pi ujuppaṭipanno” ti. “Tvaṃ sīlavā” ti pucchitenāpi sace sīlavā, “sīlavāham asmī” ti paṭijānitabbam eva. “Tvaṃ paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhī…pe… arahā” ti puṭṭhenāpi sabhāgānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yeva paṭijānitabbaṃ. Evañ hi pāpicchatā c’eva parivajjitā hoti, sāsanassa ca amoghatā dīpitā hotī ti. Sesaṃ vuttanayen’eva veditabbaṃ.