说戒品

Visuddhimaggo

Sīlaniddeso

Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa

Nidānādikathā

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“Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañ ca bhāvayaṃ,
ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan” ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.23)

Iti h’idaṃ vuttaṃ. Kasmā pan’etaṃ vuttaṃ? Bhagavantaṃ kira Sāvatthiyaṃ viharantaṃ rattibhāge aññataro devaputto upasaṅkamitvā attano saṃsayasamugghāṭatthaṃ,

“Anto jaṭā bahi jaṭā, jaṭāya jaṭitā pajā,
taṃ taṃ Gotama pucchāmi, ko imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.23)

imaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi.

2

Tassâyaṃ saṅkhepattho. Jaṭā ti taṇhāya jāliniyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sā hi rūpâdīsu ārammaṇesu heṭṭhûpariyavasena punappunaṃ uppajjanato saṃsibbanaṭṭhena veḷugumbâdīnaṃ sākhājālasaṅkhātā jaṭā viyā ti jaṭā. Sā pan’esā sakaparikkhāra-paraparikkhāresu saka-attabhāva-para-attabhāvesu ajjhattikâyatana-bāhirâyatanesu ca uppajjanato anto jaṭā bahi jaṭā ti vuccati. Tāya evaṃ uppajjamānāya jaṭāya jaṭitā pajā. Yathā nāma veḷugumbajaṭâdīhi veḷu-ādayo, evaṃ tāya taṇhājaṭāya sabbā pi ayaṃ sattanikāyasaṅkhātā pajā jaṭitā, vinaddhā, saṃsibbitā ti attho. Yasmā ca evaṃ jaṭitā, taṃ taṃ Gotama pucchāmī ti, tasmā taṃ pucchāmi. Gotamā ti Bhagavantaṃ gottena ālapati. Ko imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan ti imaṃ evaṃ tedhātukaṃ jaṭetvā ṭhitaṃ jaṭaṃ ko vijaṭeyya, vijaṭetuṃ ko samattho ti pucchati.

3

Evaṃ puṭṭho pan’assa sabbadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇacāro devadevo, Sakkānaṃ Atisakko, Brahmānaṃ Atibrahmā, catuvesārajjavisārado, dasabaladharo, anāvaraṇañāṇo, samantacakkhu Bhagavā tam atthaṃ vissajjento,

“Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañ ca bhāvayaṃ,
ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan” ti

imaṃ gātham āha.

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Imissā dāni gāthāya kathitāya mahesinā
vaṇṇayanto yathābhūtaṃ atthaṃ sīlâdibhedanaṃ,

Sudullabhaṃ labhitvāna pabbajjaṃ Jinasāsane
sīlâdisaṅgahaṃ khemaṃ ujuṃ maggaṃ visuddhiyā

Yathābhūtaṃ ajānantā, suddhikāmā pi ye idha
visuddhiṃ nâdhigacchanti vāyamantā pi yogino,

Tesaṃ pāmojjakaraṇaṃ¹ suvisuddhavinicchayaṃ
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ desanānayanissitaṃ

Visuddhimaggaṃ bhāsissaṃ, taṃ me sakkacca bhāsato
visuddhikāmā sabbe pi nisāmayatha sādhavo ti.

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Tattha visuddhī ti sabbamalavirahitaṃ accantaparisuddhaṃ nibbānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tassā visuddhiyā maggo ti visuddhimaggo. Maggo ti adhigamûpāyo vuccati. Taṃ visuddhimaggaṃ bhāsissāmī ti attho.

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So panâyaṃ visuddhimaggo katthaci vipassanāmattavasen’eva desito. Yath’āha:

“Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā ti, yadā paññāya passati,
atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā” ti. (dha. pa. 277)

Katthaci jhānapaññāvasena. Yath’āha:

“Yamhi jhānañ ca paññā ca, sa ve nibbānasantike” ti. (dha. pa. 372)

Katthaci kammâdivasena. Yath’āha:

“Kammaṃ vijjā ca dhammo ca, sīlaṃ jīvitam uttamaṃ,
etena maccā sujjhanti, na gottena dhanena vā” ti. (ma. ni. 3.387; saṃ. ni. 1.48)

Katthaci sīlâdivasena. Yath’āha:

“Sabbadā sīlasampanno, paññavā susamāhito,
āraddhavīriyo pahitatto, oghaṃ tarati duttaran” ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.96)

Katthaci satipaṭṭhānâdivasena. Yath’āha:

“Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā…pe… nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yad idaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā” ti. (dī. ni. 2.373)

Sammappadhānâdīsu pi es’eva nayo. Imasmiṃ pana pañhābyākaraṇe sīlâdivasena desito.

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Tatrâyaṃ saṅkhepavaṇṇanā. Sīle patiṭṭhāyā ti sīle ṭhatvā. Sīlaṃ paripūrayamāno yeva c’ettha sīle ṭhito ti vuccati. Tasmā sīlaparipūraṇena sīle patiṭṭhahitvā ti ayam ettha attho. Naro ti satto. Sapañño ti kammajatihetukapaṭisandhipaññāya paññavā. Cittaṃ paññañ ca bhāvayan ti samādhiñ c’eva vipassanañ ca bhāvayamāno. Cittasīsena h’ettha samādhi niddiṭṭho, paññānāmena ca vipassanā ti. Ātāpī ti vīriyavā. Vīriyañ hi kilesānaṃ ātāpanaparitāpanaṭṭhena ātāpo ti vuccati, tad assa atthī ti ātāpī. Nipako ti, nepakkaṃ vuccati paññā, tāya samannāgato ti attho. Iminā padena pārihārikapaññaṃ² dasseti. Imasmiñ hi pañhābyākaraṇe tikkhattuṃ paññā āgatā. Tattha paṭhamā jātipaññā, dutiyā vipassanāpaññā, tatiyā sabbakiccapariṇāyikā pārihārikapaññā. Saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhatī ti bhikkhu. So imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan ti so iminā ca sīlena, iminā ca cittasīsena niddiṭṭhasamādhinā, imāya ca tividhāya paññāya, iminā ca ātāpenā ti chahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu, seyyathā pi nāma puriso pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya sunisitaṃ satthaṃ ukkhipitvā mahantaṃ veḷugumbaṃ vijaṭeyya, evam eva sīlapathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya samādhisilāyaṃ sunisitaṃ vipassanāpaññāsatthaṃ vīriyabalapaggahitena pārihārikapaññāhatthena ukkhipitvā sabbam pi taṃ attano santāne patitaṃ taṇhājaṭaṃ vijaṭeyya sañchindeyya sampadāleyya. Maggakkhaṇe pan’esa taṃ jaṭaṃ vijaṭeti nāma, phalakkhaṇe vijaṭitajaṭo sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhiṇeyyo hoti. Ten’āha Bhagavā:

“Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañ ca bhāvayaṃ,
ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan” ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.23)

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Tatrâyaṃ yāya paññāya sapañño ti vutto, tatrâssa karaṇīyaṃ natthi. Purimakammânubhāven’eva hi’ssa sā siddhā. Ātāpī nipako ti ettha vuttavīriyavasena pana tena sātaccakārinā, paññāvasena ca sampajānakārinā hutvā sīle patiṭṭhāya cittapaññāvasena vuttā samathavipassanā bhāvetabbā ti imam atra Bhagavā sīla-samādhi-paññā-mukhena visuddhimaggaṃ dasseti.

9

Ettāvatā hi

• tisso sikkhā,
• tividhakalyāṇaṃ sāsanaṃ,
• tevijjatâdīnaṃ upanissayo,
• antadvayavajjana-majjhimapaṭipattisevanāni,
• apāyâdisamatikkamanûpāyo,
• tīh’ākārehi kilesappahānaṃ,
• vītikkamâdīnaṃ paṭipakkho,
• saṃkilesattayavisodhanaṃ,
• sotāpannâdibhāvassa ca kāraṇaṃ

pakāsitaṃ hoti.

10

Kathaṃ? Ettha hi sīlena adhisīlasikkhā pakāsitā hoti, samādhinā adhicittasikkhā, paññāya adhipaññāsikkhā.

Sīlena ca sāsanassa ādikalyāṇatā pakāsitā hoti.

“Ko c’ādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ? Sīlañ ca suvisuddhan” ti (saṃ. ni. 5.369)

hi vacanato,

“Sabbapāpassa akaraṇan” ti (dī. ni. 2.90)

ādivacanato ca sīlaṃ sāsanassa ādi, tañ ca kalyāṇaṃ avippaṭisārâdiguṇâvahattā. Samādhinā majjhekalyāṇatā pakāsitā hoti.

“Kusalassa upasampadā” ti (dī. ni. 2.90)

ādivacanato hi samādhi sāsanassa majjhe, so ca kalyāṇo iddhividhâdiguṇâvahattā. Paññāya sāsanassa pariyosānakalyāṇatā pakāsitā hoti.

“Sacittapariyodāpanaṃ³, etaṃ Buddhāna sāsanan” ti (dī. ni. 2.90)

hi vacanato, paññuttarato ca paññā sāsanassa pariyosānaṃ, sā ca kalyāṇaṃ iṭṭhâniṭṭhesu tādibhāvâvahanato.

“Selo yathā ekaghano, vātena na samīrati,
evaṃ nindāpasaṃsāsu, na samiñjanti paṇḍitā” ti. (dha. pa. 81)

hi vuttaṃ.

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Tathā sīlena tevijjatāya upanissayo pakāsito hoti. Sīlasampattiñ hi nissāya tisso vijjā pāpuṇāti, na tato paraṃ. Samādhinā chaḷabhiññatāya upanissayo pakāsito hoti. Samādhisampadañ hi nissāya cha abhiññā pāpuṇāti, na tato paraṃ. Paññāya paṭisambhidāpabhedassa upanissayo pakāsito hoti. Paññāsampattiñ hi nissāya catasso paṭisambhidā pāpuṇāti, na aññena kāraṇena.

Sīlena ca kāmasukhallikânuyoga-saṅkhātassa antassa vajjanaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, samādhinā attakilamathânuyoga-saṅkhātassa, paññāya majjhimāya paṭipattiyā sevanaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti.

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Tathā sīlena apāyasamatikkamanûpāyo pakāsito hoti, samādhinā kāmadhātusamatikkamanûpāyo, paññāya sabbabhavasamatikkamanûpāyo.

Sīlena ca tadaṅgappahānavasena kilesappahānaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, samādhinā vikkhambhanappahānavasena, paññāya samucchedappahānavasena.

13

Tathā sīlena kilesānaṃ vītikkamapaṭipakkho pakāsito hoti, samādhinā pariyuṭṭhānapaṭipakkho, paññāya anusayapaṭipakkho.

Sīlena ca duccaritasaṃkilesavisodhanaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, samādhinā taṇhāsaṃkilesavisodhanaṃ, paññāya diṭṭhisaṃkilesavisodhanaṃ.

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Tathā sīlena sotāpanna-sakadāgāmibhāvassa kāraṇaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, samādhinā anāgāmibhāvassa, paññāya arahattassa. Sotāpanno hi

“sīlesu paripūrakārī” ti (a. ni. 3.87)

vutto, tathā sakadāgāmī, anāgāmī pana

“samādhismiṃ paripūrakārī” ti, (a. ni. 3.87)

arahā pana

“paññāya paripūrakārī” ti. (a. ni. 3.87)

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Evaṃ ettāvatā tisso sikkhā, tividhakalyāṇaṃ sāsanaṃ, tevijjatâdīnaṃ upanissayo, antadvayavajjana-majjhimapaṭipattisevanāni, apāyâdisamatikkamanûpāyo, tīh’ākārehi kilesappahānaṃ, vītikkamâdīnaṃ paṭipakkho, saṃkilesattayavisodhanaṃ, sotāpannâdibhāvassa ca kāraṇan ti ime nava, aññe ca evarūpā guṇattikā pakāsitā hontī ti.

Sīlasarūpādikathā

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Evaṃ anekaguṇasaṅgāhakena sīla-samādhi-paññā-mukhena desito pi pan’esa visuddhimaggo atisaṅkhepadesito yeva hoti, tasmā nâlaṃ sabbesaṃ upakārāyā ti vitthāram assa dassetuṃ sīlaṃ tāva ārabbha idaṃ pañhākammaṃ hoti:

• Kiṃ sīlaṃ?
• Ken’aṭṭhena sīlaṃ?
• Kān’assa lakkhaṇa-rasa-paccupaṭṭhāna-padaṭṭhānāni?
• Kimānisaṃsaṃ sīlaṃ?
• Katividhaṃ c’etaṃ sīlaṃ?
• Ko c’assa saṃkileso, kiṃ vodānan ti?

17

Tatr’idaṃ vissajjanaṃ. Kiṃ sīlan ti? Pāṇâtipātâdīhi vā viramantassa vattapaṭipattiṃ vā pūrentassa cetanâdayo dhammā. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Paṭisambhidāyaṃ:

“Kiṃ sīlan ti? Cetanā sīlaṃ, cetasikaṃ sīlaṃ, saṃvaro sīlaṃ, avītikkamo sīlan” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.39)

Tattha cetanā sīlaṃ nāma pāṇâtipātâdīhi vā viramantassa, vattapaṭipattiṃ vā pūrentassa cetanā. Cetasikaṃ sīlaṃ nāma pāṇâtipātâdīhi viramantassa virati. Api ca cetanā sīlaṃ nāma pāṇâtipātâdīni pajahantassa satta kammapathacetanā. Cetasikaṃ sīlaṃ nāma

“Abhijjhaṃ pahāya vigatâbhijjhena cetasā viharatī” ti (dī. ni. 1.217)

ādinā nayena vuttā anabhijjhâbyāpāda-sammādiṭṭhi-dhammā.

18

Saṃvaro sīlan ti ettha pañcavidhena saṃvaro veditabbo: pātimokkhasaṃvaro, satisaṃvaro, ñāṇasaṃvaro, khantisaṃvaro, vīriyasaṃvaro ti. Tattha

“Iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto” ti (vibha. 511)

ayaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvaro.

“Rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī” ti (dī. ni. 1.213)

ayaṃ satisaṃvaro.

“Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ, (Ajitā ti Bhagavā) sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ,
sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāy’ete pidhiyyare” ti (su. ni. 1041)

ayaṃ ñāṇasaṃvaro. Paccayapaṭisevanam pi etth’eva samodhānaṃ gacchati. Yo panâyaṃ

“Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassā” ti (ma. ni. 1.24; a. ni. 6.58)

ādinā nayena āgato, ayaṃ khantisaṃvaro nāma. Yo cāyaṃ

“Uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nâdhivāsetī” ti (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 6.58)

ādinā nayena āgato, ayaṃ vīriyasaṃvaro nāma. Ājīvapārisuddhi pi etth’eva samodhānaṃ gacchati. Iti ayaṃ pañcavidho pi saṃvaro, yā ca pāpabhīrukānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ sampattavatthuto virati, sabbam p’etaṃ saṃvarasīlan ti veditabbaṃ. Avītikkamo sīlan ti samādinnasīlassa kāyikavācasiko anatikkamo. Idaṃ tāva kiṃ sīlan ti pañhassa vissajjanaṃ.

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Avasesesu, ken’aṭṭhena sīlan ti? Sīlanaṭṭhena sīlaṃ. Kim idaṃ sīlanaṃ nāma? Samādhānaṃ vā, kāyakammâdīnaṃ susīlyavasena avippakiṇṇatā ti attho, upadhāraṇaṃ vā, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ patiṭṭhānavasena ādhārabhāvo ti attho. Etad eva h’ettha atthadvayaṃ saddalakkhaṇavidū anujānanti. Aññe pana siraṭṭho sīlattho, sītalaṭṭho sīlattho ti evamādinā pi nayen’ettha atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti.

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Idāni kān’assa lakkhaṇa-rasa-paccupaṭṭhāna-padaṭṭhānānī ti ettha

Sīlanaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ tassa bhinnassâpi anekadhā,
sanidassanattaṃ rūpassa yathā bhinnass’anekadhā.

Yathā hi nīlapītâdibhedena anekadhā bhinnassâpi rūpâyatanassa sanidassanattaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, nīlâdibhedena bhinnassâpi sanidassanabhāvânatikkamanato, tathā sīlassa cetanâdibhedena anekadhā bhinnassâpi, yad etaṃ kāyakammâdīnaṃ samādhānavasena kusalānañ ca dhammānaṃ patiṭṭhānavasena vuttaṃ sīlanaṃ, tad eva lakkhaṇaṃ, cetanâdibhedena bhinnassâpi samādhānapatiṭṭhānabhāvânatikkamanato.

21

Evaṃ lakkhaṇassa pan’assa

Dussīlyaviddhaṃsanatā, anavajjaguṇo tathā
kiccasampatti-atthena raso nāma pavuccati.

Tasmā idaṃ sīlaṃ nāma, kiccaṭṭhena rasena dussīlyaviddhaṃsanarasaṃ, sampatti-atthena rasena anavajjarasan ti veditabbaṃ. Lakkhaṇâdīsu hi kiccam eva sampatti vā raso ti vuccati.

22

Soceyyapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ tayidaṃ, tassa viññuhi
ottappañ ca hirī c’eva padaṭṭhānan ti vaṇṇitaṃ.

Tayidaṃ sīlaṃ,

“Kāyasoceyyaṃ vacīsoceyyaṃ manosoceyyan” ti (a. ni. 3.121)

evaṃvuttasoceyyapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, soceyyabhāvena paccupaṭṭhāti, gahaṇabhāvaṃ gacchati. Hirottappañ ca pan’assa viññūhi padaṭṭhānan ti vaṇṇitaṃ, āsannakāraṇan ti attho. Hirottappe hi sati sīlaṃ uppajjati c’eva tiṭṭhati ca, asati n’eva uppajjati na tiṭṭhatī ti. Evaṃ sīlassa lakkhaṇa-rasa-paccupaṭṭhāna-padaṭṭhānāni veditabbāni.

Sīlānisaṃsakathā

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Kimānisaṃsaṃ sīlan ti? Avippaṭisārâdi-anekaguṇapaṭilābhânisaṃsaṃ. Vuttañ h’etaṃ:

“Avippaṭisāratthāni kho, Ānanda, kusalāni sīlāni avippaṭisārânisaṃsānī” ti. (a. ni. 11.1)

Aparam pi vuttaṃ:

“Pañc’ime, gahapatayo, ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Katame pañca? Idha, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno appamādâdhikaraṇaṃ mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigacchati, ayaṃ paṭhamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

Puna ca paraṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavato sīlasampannassa kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, ayaṃ dutiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

Puna ca paraṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno, yaññad eva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati, yadi khattiyaparisaṃ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ, yadi gahapatiparisaṃ, yadi samaṇaparisaṃ, visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto, ayaṃ tatiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

Puna ca paraṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno asammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, ayaṃ catuttho ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

Puna ca paraṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, ayaṃ pañcamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāyā” ti. (dī. ni. 2.150; a. ni. 5.213; mahāva. 285)

Apare pi,

“Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo ca assaṃ manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cā ti, sīlesv ev’assa paripūrakārī” ti (ma. ni. 1.65)

ādinā nayena piyamanāpatâdayo āsavakkhayapariyosānā anekā sīlânisaṃsā vuttā. Evaṃ avippaṭisārâdi-anekaguṇânisaṃsaṃ sīlaṃ.

24

Api ca,

Sāsane kulaputtānaṃ patiṭṭhā natthi yaṃ vinā,
ānisaṃsaparicchedaṃ tassa sīlassa ko vade?

Na Gaṅgā Yamunā câpi, Sarabhū vā Sarasvatī,
ninnagā vā’ciravatī Mahī vā pi Mahānadī

Sakkuṇanti visodhetuṃ taṃ malaṃ idha pāṇinaṃ,
visodhayati sattānaṃ yaṃ ve sīlajalaṃ malaṃ.

Na taṃ sajaladā vātā, na câpi haricandanaṃ,
n’eva hārā na maṇayo, na candakiraṇaṅkurā

Samayantîdha sattānaṃ pariḷāhaṃ, surakkhitaṃ
yaṃ sameti idaṃ ariyaṃ sīlaṃ accantasītalaṃ.

Sīlagandhasamo gandho kuto nāma bhavissati,
yo samaṃ anuvāte ca paṭivāte ca vāyati?

Saggârohaṇasopānaṃ aññaṃ sīlasamaṃ kuto,
dvāraṃ vā pana nibbāna-nagarassa pavesane?

Sobhant’evaṃ na rājāno muttāmaṇivibhūsitā,
yathā sobhanti yatino sīlabhūsanabhūsitā.

Attânuvādâdibhayaṃ viddhaṃsayati sabbaso,
janeti kittihāsañ ca sīlaṃ sīlavataṃ sadā.

Guṇānaṃ mūlabhūtassa dosānaṃ balaghātino
iti sīlassa viññeyyaṃ ānisaṃsakathāmukhan ti.

Sīlappabhedakathā

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Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ, katividhaṃ c’etaṃ sīlan ti, tatr’idaṃ vissajjanaṃ. Sabbam eva tāva idaṃ sīlaṃ attano sīlanalakkhaṇena ekavidhaṃ.

Cāritta-vārittavasena duvidhaṃ, tathā ābhisamācārika-ādibrahmacariyakavasena, virati-avirativasena, nissitânissitavasena, kālapariyanta-āpāṇakoṭikavasena, sapariyantâpariyantavasena, lokiya-lokuttaravasena ca.

Tividhaṃ hīna-majjhima-paṇītavasena, tathā attâdhipateyya-lokâdhipateyya-dhammâdhipateyyavasena, parāmaṭṭhâparāmaṭṭha-paṭippassaddhivasena, visuddhâvisuddha-vematikavasena, sekkhâsekkha-nevasekkhanâsekkhavasena ca.

Catubbidhaṃ hānabhāgiya-ṭhitibhāgiya-visesabhāgiya-nibbedhabhāgiyavasena, tathā bhikkhu-bhikkhunī-anupasampanna-gahaṭṭhasīlavasena, pakati-ācāra-dhammatā-pubbahetukasīlavasena, pātimokkhasaṃvara-indriyasaṃvara-ājīvapārisuddhi-paccayasannissitasīlavasena ca.

Pañcavidhaṃ pariyantapārisuddhisīlâdivasena, vuttam pi c’etaṃ Paṭisambhidāyaṃ:

“Pañca sīlāni: pariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ, apariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ, paripuṇṇapārisuddhisīlaṃ, aparāmaṭṭhapārisuddhisīlaṃ, paṭippassaddhipārisuddhisīlan” ti, (paṭi. ma. 1.37)

tathā pahāna-veramaṇī-cetanā-saṃvarâvītikkamavasena.

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Tattha ekavidhakoṭṭhāse attho vuttanayen’eva veditabbo. Duvidhakoṭṭhāse, yaṃ Bhagavatā “idaṃ kattabban” ti paññattasikkhāpadapūraṇaṃ, taṃ cārittaṃ, yaṃ “idaṃ na kattabban” ti paṭikkhittassa akaraṇaṃ, taṃ vārittaṃ. Tatrâyaṃ vacanattho: Caranti tasmiṃ, sīlesu paripūrakāritāya pavattantī ti cārittaṃ, vāritaṃ tāyanti rakkhanti tenā ti vārittaṃ. Tattha saddhāvīriya-sādhanaṃ cārittaṃ, saddhā⁴-sādhanaṃ vārittaṃ. Evaṃ cāritta-vārittavasena duvidhaṃ.

27

Dutiyaduke, abhisamācāro ti uttamasamācāro. Abhisamācāro eva ābhisamācārikaṃ, abhisamācāraṃ vā ārabbha paññattaṃ ābhisamācārikaṃ. Ājīvaṭṭhamakato avasesasīlass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

Maggabrahmacariyassa ādibhāvabhūtan ti ādibrahmacariyakaṃ. Ājīvaṭṭhamakasīlass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tañ hi maggassa ādibhāvabhūtaṃ, pubbabhāge yeva parisodhetabbato. Ten’āha:

“Pubbe va kho pan’assa kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ ājīvo suparisuddho hotī” ti. (ma. ni. 3.431)

Yāni vā sikkhāpadāni “khuddānukhuddakānī” ti vuttāni, idaṃ ābhisamācārikasīlaṃ, sesaṃ ādibrahmacariyakaṃ. Ubhato-Vibhaṅga-pariyāpannaṃ vā ādibrahmacariyakaṃ, Khandhakavatta-pariyāpannaṃ ābhisamācārikaṃ. Tassa sampattiyā ādibrahmacariyakaṃ sampajjati. Ten’ev’āha:

“So vata, bhikkhave, bhikkhu… ābhisamācārikaṃ dhammaṃ aparipūretvā ādibrahmacariyakaṃ dhammaṃ paripūressatī ti, n’etaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī” ti. (a. ni. 5.21)

Evaṃ ābhisamācārika-ādibrahmacariyakavasena duvidhaṃ.

28

Tatiyaduke, pāṇâtipātâdīhi veramaṇimattaṃ viratisīlaṃ, sesaṃ cetanâdi aviratisīlan ti. Evaṃ virati-avirativasena duvidhaṃ.

29

Catutthaduke, nissayo ti dve nissayā: taṇhānissayo ca diṭṭhinissayo ca. Tattha yaṃ

“Iminā’haṃ sīlena devo vā bhavissāmi, devaññataro vā” ti (dī. ni. 3.320; ma. ni. 1.186; a. ni. 5.206; 7.50)

evaṃ bhavasampattiṃ ākaṅkhamānena pavattitaṃ, idaṃ taṇhānissitaṃ. Yaṃ

“Sīlena suddhī” ti

evaṃ suddhidiṭṭhiyā pavattitaṃ, idaṃ diṭṭhinissitaṃ. Yaṃ pana lokuttaraṃ lokiyañ ca tass’eva sambhārabhūtaṃ, idaṃ anissitan ti. Evaṃ nissitânissitavasena duvidhaṃ.

30

Pañcamaduke, kālaparicchedaṃ katvā samādinnaṃ sīlaṃ kālapariyantaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ samādiyitvā tath’eva pavattitaṃ āpāṇakoṭikan ti. Evaṃ kālapariyanta-āpāṇakoṭikavasena duvidhaṃ.

31

Chaṭṭhaduke, lābha-yasa-ñāti-aṅga-jīvitavasena diṭṭhapariyantaṃ sapariyantaṃ nāma, viparītaṃ apariyantaṃ. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ Paṭisambhidāyaṃ:

“Katamaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ sapariyantaṃ? Atthi sīlaṃ lābhapariyantaṃ, atthi sīlaṃ yasapariyantaṃ, atthi sīlaṃ ñātipariyantaṃ, atthi sīlaṃ aṅgapariyantaṃ, atthi sīlaṃ jīvitapariyantaṃ.

Katamaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ lābhapariyantaṃ? Idh’ekacco lābhahetu lābhapaccayā lābhakāraṇā yathāsamādinnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vītikkamati, idaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ lābhapariyantan” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.38)

Eten’eva upāyena itarāni pi vitthāretabbāni. Apariyantavissajjane pi vuttaṃ:

“Katamaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ na lābhapariyantaṃ? Idh’ekacco lābhahetu lābhapaccayā lābhakāraṇā yathāsamādinnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vītikkamāya cittam pi na uppādeti, kiṃ so vītikkamissati? idaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ na lābhapariyantan” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.38)

Eten’ev’upāyena itarāni pi vitthāretabbāni. Evaṃ sapariyantâpariyantavasena duvidhaṃ.

32

Sattamaduke, sabbam pi sâsavaṃ sīlaṃ lokiyaṃ, anāsavaṃ lokuttaraṃ. Tattha lokiyaṃ bhavavisesâvahaṃ hoti, bhavanissaraṇassa ca sambhāro. Yath’āha:

“Vinayo saṃvaratthāya, saṃvaro avippaṭisāratthāya, avippaṭisāro pāmojjatthāya, pāmojjaṃ pītatthāya, pīti passaddhatthāya, passaddhi sukhatthāya, sukhaṃ samādhatthāya, samādhi yathābhūtañāṇadassanatthāya, yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ nibbidatthāya, nibbidā virāgatthāya, virāgo vimuttatthāya, vimutti vimuttiñāṇadassanatthāya, vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ anupādā parinibbānatthāya. Etadatthā kathā, etadatthā mantanā, etadatthā upanisā, etadatthaṃ sotâvadhānaṃ, yad idaṃ anupādā cittassa vimokkho” ti. (pari. 366)

Lokuttaraṃ bhavanissaraṇâvahaṃ hoti paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa ca bhūmī ti. Evaṃ lokiya-lokuttaravasena duvidhaṃ.

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Tikesu paṭhamattike, hīnena chandena cittena vīriyena vīmaṃsāya vā pavattitaṃ hīnaṃ, majjhimehi chandâdīhi pavattitaṃ majjhimaṃ, paṇītehi paṇītaṃ.

Yasakāmatāya vā samādinnaṃ hīnaṃ, puññaphalakāmatāya majjhimaṃ, kattabbam ev’idan ti ariyabhāvaṃ nissāya samādinnaṃ paṇītaṃ.

“Aham asmi sīlasampanno, ime pan’aññe bhikkhū dussīlā pāpadhammā” ti

evaṃ attukkaṃsana-paravambhanâdīhi upakkiliṭṭhaṃ vā hīnaṃ, anupakkiliṭṭhaṃ lokiyaṃ sīlaṃ majjhimaṃ, lokuttaraṃ paṇītaṃ.

Taṇhāvasena vā bhavabhogatthāya pavattitaṃ hīnaṃ, attano vimokkhatthāya pavattitaṃ majjhimaṃ, sabbasattānaṃ vimokkhatthāya pavattitaṃ pāramitāsīlaṃ paṇītan ti. Evaṃ hīna-majjhima-paṇītavasena tividhaṃ.

34

Dutiyattike, attano ananurūpaṃ pajahitukāmena attagarunā attani gāravena pavattitaṃ attâdhipateyyaṃ, lokâpavādaṃ pariharitukāmena lokagarunā loke gāravena pavattitaṃ lokâdhipateyyaṃ, dhammamahattaṃ pūjetukāmena dhammagarunā dhammagāravena⁵ pavattitaṃ dhammâdhipateyyan ti. Evaṃ attâdhipateyyâdivasena tividhaṃ.

35

Tatiyattike, yaṃ dukesu nissitan ti vuttaṃ, taṃ taṇhādiṭṭhīhi parāmaṭṭhattā parāmaṭṭhaṃ, puthujjanakalyāṇakassa maggasambhārabhūtaṃ sekkhānañ ca maggasampayuttaṃ aparāmaṭṭhaṃ, sekkhâsekkhānaṃ phalasampayuttaṃ paṭippassaddhan ti. Evaṃ parāmaṭṭhâdivasena tividhaṃ.

36

Catutthattike, yaṃ āpattiṃ anāpajjantena pūritaṃ, āpajjitvā vā puna katapaṭikammaṃ, taṃ visuddhaṃ, āpattiṃ āpannassa akatapaṭikammaṃ avisuddhaṃ, vatthumhi vā āpattiyā vā ajjhācāre vā vematikassa sīlaṃ vematikasīlaṃ nāma. Tattha yoginā avisuddhasīlaṃ visodhetabbaṃ, vematike vatthu’jjhācāraṃ akatvā vimati paṭivinetabbā “icc assa phāsu bhavissatī” ti. Evaṃ visuddhâdivasena tividhaṃ.

37

Pañcamattike, catūhi ariyamaggehi tīhi ca sāmaññaphalehi sampayuttaṃ sīlaṃ sekkhaṃ, arahattaphalasampayuttaṃ asekkhaṃ, sesaṃ nevasekkhanâsekkhan ti. Evaṃ sekkhâdivasena tividhaṃ.

38

Paṭisambhidāyaṃ pana, yasmā loke tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ pakati pi sīlan ti vuccati, yaṃ sandhāya, “ayaṃ sukhasīlo, ayaṃ dukkhasīlo, ayaṃ kalahasīlo, ayaṃ maṇḍanasīlo” ti bhaṇanti, tasmā tena pariyāyena,

“Tīṇi sīlāni: kusalasīlaṃ akusalasīlaṃ abyākatasīlan” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.39)

evaṃ kusalâdivasena pi tividhan ti vuttaṃ. Tattha akusalaṃ, imasmiṃ atthe adhippetassa sīlassa lakkhaṇâdīsu ekena pi na sametī ti idha na upanītaṃ. Tasmā vuttanayen’ev’assa tividhatā veditabbā.

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Catukkesu paṭhamacatukke,

Yo’dha sevati dussīle, sīlavante na sevati,
vatthuvītikkame dosaṃ na passati aviddasu,

Micchāsaṅkappabahulo indriyāni na rakkhati,
evarūpassa ve sīlaṃ jāyate hānabhāgiyaṃ.

Yo pan’attamano hoti sīlasampattiyā idha,
kammaṭṭhānânuyogamhi na uppādeti mānasaṃ,

Tuṭṭhassa sīlamattena aghaṭantassa uttari,
tassa taṃ ṭhitibhāgiyaṃ sīlaṃ bhavati bhikkhuno.

Sampannasīlo ghaṭati samādhatthāya yo pana,
visesabhāgiyaṃ sīlaṃ hoti etassa bhikkhuno.

Atuṭṭho sīlamattena nibbidaṃ yo’nuyuñjati,
hoti nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ sīlam etassa bhikkhuno ti.

Evaṃ hānabhāgiyâdivasena catubbidhaṃ.

40

Dutiyacatukke, bhikkhū ārabbha paññattasikkhāpadāni, yāni ca nesaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ paññattito rakkhitabbāni, idaṃ bhikkhusīlaṃ. Bhikkhuniyo ārabbha paññattasikkhāpadāni, yāni ca tāsaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paññattito rakkhitabbāni, idaṃ bhikkhunisīlaṃ. Sāmaṇera-sāmaṇerīnaṃ dasa sīlāni anupasampannasīlaṃ. Upāsaka-upāsikānaṃ niccasīlavasena pañca sikkhāpadāni, sati vā ussāhe dasa, uposathaṅgavasena aṭṭhā ti idaṃ gahaṭṭhasīlan ti. Evaṃ bhikkhusīlâdivasena catubbidhaṃ.

41

Tatiyacatukke, Uttara-Kurukānaṃ manussānaṃ avītikkamo pakatisīlaṃ. Kuladesapāsaṇḍānaṃ attano attano mariyādācārittaṃ ācārasīlaṃ.

“Dhammatā esā, Ānanda, yadā Bodhisatto mātukucchiṃ okkanto hoti, na Bodhisattamātu purisesu mānasaṃ uppajji⁶ kāmaguṇûpasaṃhitan” ti

evaṃ vuttaṃ Bodhisattamātu sīlaṃ dhammatāsīlaṃ. Mahākassapâdīnaṃ pana suddhasattānaṃ, Bodhisattassa ca tāsu tāsu jātīsu sīlaṃ pubbahetukasīlan ti. Evaṃ pakatisīlâdivasena catubbidhaṃ.

42

Catutthacatukke, yaṃ Bhagavatā,

“Idha bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati, ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesū” ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 1.193)

evaṃ vuttaṃ sīlaṃ, idaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ nāma. Yaṃ pana,

“So cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nânubyañjanaggāhī, yatvâdhikaraṇam enaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati.

Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī…pe… manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī” ti (ma. ni. 1.22, 411; dī. ni. 1.213; a. ni. 4.198)

vuttaṃ, idaṃ indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ. Yā pana ājīvahetupaññattānaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ vītikkamassa, “kuhanā, lapanā, nemittikatā, nippesikatā, lābhena-lābhaṃ-nijigīsanatā⁷” ti evamādīnañ ca pāpadhammānaṃ vasena pavattā micchâjīvā virati, idaṃ ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ.

“Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso cīvaraṃ paṭisevati, yāvad eva sītassa paṭighātāyā” ti ⁸ (ma. ni. 1.23; a. ni. 6.58)

ādinā nayena vutto paṭisaṅkhānaparisuddho catupaccayaparibhogo, paccayasannissitasīlaṃ nāma.

Pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ

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Tatrâyaṃ ādito paṭṭhāya anupubbapadavaṇṇanāya saddhiṃ vinicchayakathā. Idhā ti imasmiṃ sāsane. Bhikkhū ti saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhaṇatāya vā, bhinnapaṭadharâditāya vā evaṃ laddhavohāro saddhāpabbajito kulaputto. Pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto ti ettha pātimokkhan ti sikkhāpadasīlaṃ. Tañ hi, yo naṃ pāti rakkhati, taṃ mokkheti, mocayati āpāyikâdīhi dukkhehi, tasmā pātimokkhan ti vuccati. Saṃvaraṇaṃ saṃvaro, kāyikavācasikassa avītikkamass’etaṃ nāmaṃ. Pātimokkham eva saṃvaro pātimokkhasaṃvaro. Tena pātimokkhasaṃvarena saṃvuto pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto, upagato samannāgato ti attho. Viharatī ti iriyati.

44

Ācāragocarasampanno ti ādīnam attho pāḷiyaṃ āgatanayen’eva veditabbo. Vuttañ h’etaṃ:

“Ācāragocarasampanno ti, atthi ācāro, atthi anācāro. Tattha katamo anācāro? Kāyiko vītikkamo, vācasiko vītikkamo, kāyikavācasiko vītikkamo, ayaṃ vuccati anācāro. Sabbam pi dussīlyaṃ anācāro. Idh’ekacco veḷudānena vā pattadānena vā puppha-phala-sināna-dantakaṭṭhadānena vā cāṭukamyatāya vā muggasūpyatāya vā pāribhaṭyatāya vā jaṅghapesanikena vā aññataraññatarena vā Buddhapaṭikuṭṭhena micchā-ājīvena jīvikaṃ kappeti, ayaṃ vuccati anācāro.

Tattha katamo ācāro? Kāyiko avītikkamo, vācasiko avītikkamo, kāyikavācasiko avītikkamo, ayaṃ vuccati ācāro. Sabbo pi sīlasaṃvaro ācāro. Idh’ekacco na veḷudānena vā na patta- na puppha- na phala- na sināna- na dantakaṭṭhadānena vā, na cāṭukamyatāya vā na muggasūpyatāya vā na pāribhaṭyatāya vā na jaṅghapesanikena vā na aññataraññatarena vā Buddhapaṭikuṭṭhena micchā-ājīvena jīvikaṃ kappeti, ayaṃ vuccati ācāro.

45

“Gocaro ti, atthi gocaro, atthi agocaro. Tattha katamo agocaro? Idh’ekacco vesiyāgocaro vā hoti, vidhavā-thullakumārikā-paṇḍaka-bhikkhunī-pānâgāragocaro vā hoti, saṃsaṭṭho viharati rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi ananulomikena saṃsaggena⁹, yāni vā pana tāni kulāni assaddhāni appasannāni anopānabhūtāni¹⁰ akkosakaparibhāsakāni anatthakāmāni ahitakāmāni aphāsukakāmāni ayogakkhemakāmāni bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ, tathārūpāni kulāni sevati bhajati payirupāsati, ayaṃ vuccati agocaro.

Tattha katamo gocaro? Idh’ekacco na vesiyāgocaro vā hoti…pe… na pānâgāragocaro vā hoti, asaṃsaṭṭho viharati rājūhi…pe… titthiyasāvakehi ananulomikena saṃsaggena, yāni vā pana tāni kulāni saddhāni pasannāni opānabhūtāni kāsāvapajjotāni isivātapaṭivātāni atthakāmāni…pe… yogakkhemakāmāni bhikkhūnaṃ…pe… upāsikānaṃ, tathārūpāni kulāni sevati bhajati payirupāsati, ayaṃ vuccati gocaro.

Iti iminā ca ācārena iminā ca gocarena upeto hoti samupeto upagato samupagato upapanno sampanno samannāgato, tena vuccati ācāragocarasampanno” ti. (vibha. 511)

46

Api c’ettha iminā pi nayena ācāragocarā veditabbā. Duvidho hi anācāro, kāyiko vācasiko ca. Tattha katamo kāyiko anācāro?

“Idh’ekacco saṅghagato pi acittīkārakato there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayanto pi tiṭṭhati, ghaṭṭayanto pi nisīdati, purato pi tiṭṭhati, purato pi nisīdati, ucce pi āsane nisīdati, sasīsam pi pārupitvā nisīdati, ṭhitako pi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepako pi bhaṇati… therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupāhanānaṃ caṅkamantānaṃ sa-upāhano caṅkamati, nīce caṅkame caṅkamantānaṃ ucce caṅkame caṅkamati, chamāya caṅkamantānaṃ caṅkame caṅkamati… there bhikkhū anupakhajjâpi tiṭṭhati, anupakhajjâpi nisīdati, nave pi bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhati… jantāghare pi there bhikkhū… anāpucchā kaṭṭhaṃ pakkhipati, dvāraṃ pidahati… udakatitthe pi there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayanto pi otarati, purato pi otarati, ghaṭṭayanto pi nhāyati, purato pi nhāyati, ghaṭṭayanto pi uttarati, purato pi uttarati… antaragharaṃ pavisanto pi there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayanto pi gacchati, purato pi gacchati, vokkamma ca therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gacchati… yāni pi tāni honti kulānaṃ ovarakāni gūḷhāni ca paṭicchannāni ca, yattha kulitthiyo… kulakumāriyo nisīdanti, tattha pi sahasā pavisati, kumārakassa pi sīsaṃ parāmasati”,

ayaṃ vuccati kāyiko anācāro.

47

Tattha katamo vācasiko anācāro?

“Idh’ekacco saṅghagato pi acittīkārakato there bhikkhū anāpucchā dhammaṃ bhaṇati, pañhaṃ vissajjeti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisati, ṭhitako pi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepako pi bhaṇati… antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho pi itthiṃ vā kumāriṃ vā evam āha: ‘Itthannāme, itthaṃgotte, kiṃ atthi? yāgu atthi? bhattaṃ atthi? khādanīyaṃ atthi? kiṃ pivissāma? kiṃ khādissāma? kiṃ bhuñjissāma? kiṃ vā me dassathā’ ti vippalapati”, (mahāni. 87)

ayaṃ vuccati vācasiko anācāro. Paṭipakkhavasena pan’assa ācāro veditabbo.

48

Api ca bhikkhu sagāravo sappatisso hirottappasampanno, sunivattho supāruto, pāsādikena abhikkantena paṭikkantena ālokitena vilokitena samiñjitena pasāritena okkhittacakkhu iriyāpathasampanno, indriyesu guttadvāro, bhojane mattaññū, jāgariyam anuyutto, satisampajaññena samannāgato, appiccho santuṭṭho, āraddhavīriyo, ābhisamācārikesu sakkaccakārī garucittīkārabahulo viharati, ayaṃ vuccati ācāro. Evaṃ tāva ācāro veditabbo.

49

Gocaro pana tividho, upanissayagocaro, ārakkhagocaro, upanibandhagocaro ti. Tattha katamo upanissayagocaro? Dasakathāvatthuguṇasamannāgato kalyāṇamitto, yaṃ nissāya assutaṃ suṇāti, sutaṃ pariyodapeti, kaṅkhaṃ vitarati, diṭṭhiṃ ujuṃ karoti, cittaṃ pasādeti, yassa vā pana anusikkhamāno saddhāya vaḍḍhati, sīlena, sutena, cāgena, paññāya vaḍḍhati, ayaṃ vuccati upanissayagocaro.

50

Katamo ārakkhagocaro? Idha,

“Bhikkhu antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho vīthiṃ paṭipanno okkhittacakkhu yugamattadassāvī susaṃvuto gacchati, na hatthiṃ olokento, na assaṃ, na rathaṃ, na pattiṃ, na itthiṃ, na purisaṃ olokento, na uddhaṃ ullokento, na adho olokento, na disāvidisaṃ pekkhamāno gacchati”,

ayaṃ vuccati ārakkhagocaro.

51

Katamo upanibandhagocaro? Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, yattha cittaṃ upanibandhati. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Ko ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno gocaro, sako pettiko visayo? Yad idaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā” ti, (saṃ. ni. 5.372)

ayaṃ vuccati upanibandhagocaro.

Iti iminā ca ācārena iminā ca gocarena upeto…pe… samannāgato, tena pi vuccati ācāragocarasampanno ti.

52

Aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī ti aṇuppamāṇesu asañcicca āpannasekhiya-akusalacittuppādâdibhedesu vajjesu bhayadassanasīlo. Samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesū ti yaṃ kiñci sikkhāpadesu sikkhitabbaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ sammā ādāya sikkhati.

Ettha ca “pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto” ti ettāvatā ca puggalâdhiṭṭhānāya desanāya pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ dassitaṃ. “Ācāragocarasampanno” ti ādi pana sabbaṃ yathāpaṭipannassa taṃ sīlaṃ sampajjati, taṃ paṭipattiṃ dassetuṃ vuttan ti veditabbaṃ.

Indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ

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Yaṃ pan’etaṃ tadanantaraṃ, “so cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā” ti ādinā nayena dassitaṃ indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ, tattha so ti pātimokkhasaṃvarasīle ṭhito bhikkhu. Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā ti kāraṇavasena cakkhū ti laddhavohārena rūpadassanasamatthena cakkhuviññāṇena rūpaṃ disvā. Porāṇā pan’āhu:

“Cakkhu rūpaṃ na passati, acittakattā, cittaṃ na passati, acakkhukattā, dvārârammaṇasaṅghaṭṭe pana cakkhupasādavatthukena cittena passati. Īdisī pan’esā, dhanunā vijjhatī ti ādīsu viya sasambhārakathā nāma hoti. Tasmā cakkhuviññāṇena rūpaṃ disvā ti ayam ev’ettha attho” ti.

54

Na nimittaggāhī ti itthipurisanimittaṃ vā subhanimittâdikaṃ vā kilesavatthubhūtaṃ nimittaṃ na gaṇhāti, diṭṭhamatte yeva saṇṭhāti. Nānubyañjanaggāhī ti kilesānaṃ anu anu byañjanato pākaṭabhāvakaraṇato anubyañjanan ti laddhavohāraṃ hatthapāda-sitahasita-kathita-vilokitâdibhedaṃ ākāraṃ na gaṇhāti, yaṃ tattha bhūtaṃ, tad eva gaṇhāti.

55

Cetiyapabbatavāsī Mahātissatthero viya. Theraṃ kira Cetiyapabbatā Anurādhapuraṃ piṇḍacāratthāya āgacchantaṃ aññatarā kulasuṇhā sāmikena saddhiṃ bhaṇḍitvā, sumaṇḍitapasādhitā devakaññā viya, kālass’eva Anurādhapurato nikkhamitvā ñātigharaṃ gacchantī antarāmagge disvā vipallatthacittā mahāhasitaṃ hasi. Thero, kim etan ti olokento tassā dantaṭṭhike asubhasaññaṃ paṭilabhitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ:

“Tassā dantaṭṭhikaṃ disvā pubbasaññaṃ anussari,
tatth’eva so ṭhito thero arahattaṃ apāpuṇī” ti.

Sāmiko pi kho pan’assā anumaggaṃ gacchanto theraṃ disvā, “kiñci, bhante, itthiṃ passathā” ti pucchi. Taṃ thero āha:

“Nâbhijānāmi itthī vā puriso vā ito gato,
api ca aṭṭhisaṅghāṭo gacchat’esa mahāpathe” ti.

56

Yatvādhikaraṇam enan ti ādimhi yaṃkāraṇā yassa cakkhundriyâsaṃvarassa hetu etaṃ puggalaṃ satikavāṭena cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ apihitacakkhudvāraṃ hutvā viharantaṃ ete abhijjhâdayo dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, anubandheyyuṃ¹¹. Tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjatī ti tassa cakkhundriyassa satikavāṭena pidahanatthāya paṭipajjati. Evaṃ paṭipajjanto yeva ca rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī ti pi vuccati.

57

Tattha kiñcâpi cakkhundriye saṃvaro vā asaṃvaro vā natthi, na hi cakkhupasādaṃ nissāya sati vā muṭṭhasaccaṃ vā uppajjati. Api ca yadā rūpârammaṇaṃ cakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchati, tadā bhavaṅge dvikkhattuṃ uppajjitvā niruddhe, kiriyamanodhātu āvajjanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā uppajjitvā nirujjhati, tato cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dassanakiccaṃ, tato vipākamanodhātu sampaṭicchanakiccaṃ, tato vipākâhetukamanoviññāṇadhātu santīraṇakiccaṃ, tato kiriyâhetukamanoviññāṇadhātu voṭṭhabbanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā uppajjitvā nirujjhati, tadanantaraṃ javanaṃ javati.

Tatrâpi n’eva bhavaṅgasamaye, na āvajjanâdīnaṃ aññatarasamaye saṃvaro vā asaṃvaro vā atthi. Javanakkhaṇe pana sace dussīlyaṃ vā muṭṭhasaccaṃ vā aññāṇaṃ vā akkhanti vā kosajjaṃ vā uppajjati, asaṃvaro hoti. Evaṃ honto pana so cakkhundriye asaṃvaro ti vuccati.

58

Kasmā? Yasmā tasmiṃ sati dvāram pi aguttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgam pi āvajjanâdīni pi vīthicittāni. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā nagare catūsu dvāresu asaṃvutesu, kiñcâpi anto gharadvārakoṭṭhakagabbhâdayo susaṃvutā honti, tathā pi antonagare sabbaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ arakkhitaṃ agopitam eva hoti, nagaradvārena hi pavisitvā corā yad icchanti taṃ kareyyuṃ, evam eva javane dussīlyâdīsu uppannesu, tasmiṃ asaṃvare sati dvāram pi aguttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgam pi āvajjanâdīni pi vīthicittāni.

Tasmiṃ pana sīlâdīsu uppannesu dvāram pi guttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgam pi āvajjanâdīni pi vīthicittāni. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā nagaradvāresu saṃvutesu¹², kiñcâpi anto gharâdayo asaṃvutā honti, tathā pi antonagare sabbaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ surakkhitaṃ sugopitam eva hoti, nagaradvāresu hi pihitesu corānaṃ paveso natthi, evam eva javane sīlâdīsu uppannesu dvāram pi guttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgam pi āvajjanâdīni pi vīthicittāni. Tasmā javanakkhaṇe uppajjamāno pi cakkhundriye saṃvaro ti vutto.

59

Sotena saddaṃ sutvā ti ādīsu pi es’eva nayo. Evam idaṃ saṅkhepato rūpâdīsu kilesânubandhanimittâdiggāha-parivajjana-lakkhaṇaṃ indriyasaṃvarasīlan ti veditabbaṃ.

Ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ

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Idāni indriyasaṃvarasīlânantaraṃ vutte, ājīvapārisuddhisīle, ājīvahetu paññattānaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānan ti, yāni tāni,

1. “Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā pāpiccho icchâpakato asantaṃ abhūtaṃ uttarimanussadhammaṃ ullapati”, āpatti pārājik’assa
2. “Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā sañcarittaṃ samāpajjati”, āpatti saṅghādises’assa
3. “Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā ‘yo te vihāre vasati so bhikkhu arahā’ ti bhaṇati”, paṭivijānantassa āpatti thullaccay’assa
4. “Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā bhikkhu paṇītabhojanāni agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati”, āpatti pācittiy’assa
5. “Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā bhikkhunī paṇītabhojanāni agilānā attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati”, āpatti pāṭidesanīy’assa
6. “Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā sūpaṃ vā odanaṃ vā agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati”, āpatti dukkaṭ’assā ti (pari. 287)

evaṃ paññattāni cha sikkhāpadāni, imesaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ.

61

Kuhanā ti ādīsu ayaṃ pāḷi:

“Tattha katamā kuhanā? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassa pāpicchassa icchâpakatassa yā paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātena vā sāmantajappitena vā iriyāpathassa vā aṭṭhapanā ṭhapanā saṇṭhapanā bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā kuhitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati kuhanā.

62

“Tattha katamā lapanā? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassa pāpicchassa icchâpakatassa yā paresaṃ ālapanā lapanā sallapanā ullapanā samullapanā unnahanā samunnahanā ukkācanā samukkācanā anuppiyabhāṇitā cāṭukamyatā muggasūpyatā pāribhaṭyatā, ayaṃ vuccati lapanā.

63

“Tattha katamā nemittikatā? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassa pāpicchassa icchâpakatassa yaṃ paresaṃ nimittaṃ nimittakammaṃ obhāso obhāsakammaṃ sāmantajappā parikathā, ayaṃ vuccati nemittikatā.

64

“Tattha katamā nippesikatā? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassa pāpicchassa icchâpakatassa yā paresaṃ akkosanā vambhanā garahanā ukkhepanā samukkhepanā khipanā saṃkhipanā pāpanā sampāpanā avaṇṇahārikā parapiṭṭhimaṃsikatā, ayaṃ vuccati nippesikatā.

65

“Tattha katamā lābhena-lābhaṃ-nijigīsanatā? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissito pāpiccho icchâpakato ito laddhaṃ āmisaṃ amutra harati, amutra vā laddhaṃ āmisaṃ idha āharati, yā evarūpā āmisena āmisassa eṭṭhi gaveṭṭhi pariyeṭṭhi esanā gavesanā pariyesanā, ayaṃ vuccati lābhena-lābhaṃ-nijigīsanatā” ti. (vibha. 862-865)

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Imissā pana pāḷiyā evam attho veditabbo. Kuhana-niddese tāva lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassā ti lābhañ ca sakkārañ ca kittisaddañ ca sannissitassa, patthayantassā ti attho. Pāpicchassā ti asantaguṇadīpanakāmassa. Icchâpakatassā ti icchāya apakatassa, upaddutassā ti attho.

Ito paraṃ, yasmā paccayapaṭisevana-sāmantajappana-iriyāpathasannissitavasena Mahāniddese tividhaṃ kuhanavatthu āgataṃ, tasmā tividham p’etaṃ dassetuṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātena vā ti evamādi āraddhaṃ.

67

Tattha cīvarâdīhi nimantitassa, tadatthikass’eva sato pāpicchataṃ nissāya paṭikkhipanena, te ca gahapatike attani suppatiṭṭhitasaddhe ñatvā puna tesaṃ, “aho ayyo appiccho, na kiñci paṭiggaṇhituṃ icchati, suladdhaṃ vata no assa sace appamattakam pi kiñci paṭiggaṇheyyā” ti nānāvidhehi upāyehi paṇītāni cīvarâdīni upanentānaṃ tadanuggahakāmataṃ yeva āvikatvā paṭiggahaṇena ca, tato pabhuti api sakaṭabhārehi upanāmanahetubhūtaṃ vimhāpanaṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthū ti veditabbaṃ.

68

Vuttañ h’etaṃ Mahāniddese:

“Katamaṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthu? Idha gahapatikā bhikkhuṃ nimantenti cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsana-gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. So pāpiccho icchâpakato atthiko cīvara…pe… parikkhārānaṃ bhiyyokamyataṃ upādāya cīvaraṃ paccakkhāti, piṇḍapātaṃ…pe… senāsanaṃ, gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paccakkhāti. So:

‘Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena cīvarena? Etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo susānā vā saṅkārakūṭā vā pāpaṇikā vā nantakāni uccinitvā saṅghāṭiṃ katvā dhāreyya. Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena piṇḍapātena? Etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo uñchācariyāya piṇḍiyâlopena jīvikaṃ kappeyya. Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena senāsanena? Etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo rukkhamūliko vā assa abbhokāsiko vā. Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena? Etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo pūtimuttena vā hariṭakīkhaṇḍena vā osadhaṃ kareyyā’ ti.

Tad upādāya lūkhaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāreti, lūkhaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjati, lūkhaṃ senāsanaṃ paṭisevati, lūkhaṃ gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paṭisevati. Tam enaṃ gahapatikā evaṃ jānanti: ‘ayaṃ samaṇo appiccho santuṭṭho pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho āraddhavīriyo dhutavādo’ ti, bhiyyo bhiyyo nimantenti cīvara…pe… parikkhārehi. So evam āha:

‘Tiṇṇaṃ sammukhībhāvā saddho kulaputto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavati, saddhāya sammukhībhāvā saddho kulaputto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavati, deyyadhammassa…pe… dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ sammukhībhāvā saddho kulaputto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavati. Tumhākañ c’evâyaṃ saddhā atthi, deyyadhammo ca saṃvijjati, ahañ ca paṭiggāhako. Sace’haṃ na paṭiggahessāmi, evaṃ tumhe puññena paribāhirā bhavissanti. Na mayhaṃ iminā attho. Api ca tumhākaṃ yeva anukampāya paṭiggaṇhāmī’ ti.

Tad upādāya bahum pi cīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, bahum pi piṇḍapātaṃ…pe… bhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, yā evarūpā bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā kuhitattaṃ, idaṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthū” ti. (mahāni. 87)

69

Pāpicchass’eva pana sato uttarimanussadhammâdhigamaparidīpanavācāya tathā tathā vimhāpanaṃ sāmantajappanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthū ti veditabbaṃ. Yath’āha:

“Katamaṃ sāmantajappanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthu? Idh’ekacco pāpiccho icchâpakato sambhāvanâdhippāyo, ‘evaṃ maṃ jano sambhāvessatī’ ti ariyadhammasannissitaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati. ‘Yo evarūpaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāreti, so samaṇo mahesakkho’ ti bhaṇati. ‘Yo evarūpaṃ pattaṃ lohathālakaṃ dhammakaraṇaṃ parissāvanaṃ kuñcikaṃ kāyabandhanaṃ upāhanaṃ dhāreti, so samaṇo mahesakkho’ ti bhaṇati. ‘Yassa evarūpo upajjhāyo… ācariyo samānupajjhāyako samānâcariyako mitto sandiṭṭho sambhatto sahāyo… Yo evarūpe vihāre vasati, aḍḍhayoge pāsāde hammiye guhāyaṃ leṇe kuṭiyā kūṭâgāre aṭṭe māḷe uddaṇḍe¹³ upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ maṇḍape rukkhamūle vasati, so samaṇo mahesakkho’ ti bhaṇati. Atha vā ‘korajika-korajiko bhākuṭika-bhākuṭiko kuhaka-kuhako lapaka-lapako mukhasambhāviko, ayaṃ samaṇo imāsaṃ evarūpānaṃ santānaṃ vihārasamāpattīnaṃ lābhī’ ti tādisaṃ gambhīraṃ gūḷhaṃ nipuṇaṃ paṭicchannaṃ lokuttaraṃ suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttaṃ kathaṃ kathesi, yā evarūpā bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā kuhitattaṃ, idaṃ sāmantajappanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthū” ti. (mahāni. 87)

70

Pāpicchass’eva pana sato sambhāvanâdhippāyakatena iriyāpathena vimhāpanaṃ iriyāpathasannissitaṃ kuhanavatthū ti veditabbaṃ. Yath’āha:

“Katamaṃ iriyāpathasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthu? Idh’ekacco pāpiccho icchâpakato sambhāvanâdhippāyo, ‘evaṃ maṃ jano sambhāvessatī’ ti gamanaṃ saṇṭhapeti, ṭhānaṃ saṇṭhapeti, nisajjaṃ saṇṭhapeti¹⁴, sayanaṃ saṇṭhapeti, paṇidhāya gacchati, paṇidhāya tiṭṭhati, paṇidhāya nisīdati, paṇidhāya seyyaṃ kappeti, samāhito viya gacchati, samāhito viya tiṭṭhati, nisīdati, seyyaṃ kappeti, āpāthakajjhāyī ca hoti, yā evarūpā iriyāpathassa aṭṭhapanā ṭhapanā saṇṭhapanā bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā kuhitattaṃ, idaṃ vuccati iriyāpathasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthū” ti. (mahāni. 87)

71

Tattha paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātenā ti paccayapaṭisevanan ti evaṃ saṅkhātena paccayapaṭisevanena vā saṅkhātena. Sāmantajappitenā ti samīpabhaṇitena. Iriyāpathassa vā ti catu-iriyāpathassa. Aṭṭhapanā ti ādi ṭhapanā, ādarena vā ṭhapanā. Ṭhapanā ti ṭhapanâkāro. Saṇṭhapanā ti abhisaṅkharaṇā, pāsādikabhāvakaraṇan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhākuṭikā ti padhāna-purimaṭṭhita¹⁵-bhāvadassanena bhākuṭikaraṇaṃ, mukhasaṅkoco ti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhākuṭikaraṇaṃ sīlam assā ti bhākuṭiko, bhākuṭikassa bhāvo bhākuṭiyaṃ. Kuhanā ti vimhāpanā. Kuhassa āyanā kuhāyanā. Kuhitassa bhāvo kuhitattan ti.

72

Lapanā-niddese, ālapanā ti, vihāraṃ āgate manusse disvā “kim atthāya bhonto āgatā? kiṃ bhikkhū nimantituṃ? yadi evaṃ, gacchatha re¹⁶, ahaṃ pacchato pattaṃ¹⁷ gahetvā āgacchāmī” ti evaṃ ādito va lapanā. Atha vā attānaṃ upanetvā, “ahaṃ Tisso, mayi rājā pasanno, mayi asuko ca asuko ca rājamahāmatto pasanno” ti evaṃ attupanāyikā lapanā ālapanā. Lapanā ti puṭṭhassa sato vuttappakāram eva lapanaṃ. Sallapanā ti gahapatikānaṃ ukkaṇṭhane bhītassa okāsaṃ datvā datvā suṭṭhu lapanā. Ullapanā ti, mahākuṭumbiko mahānāviko mahādānapatī ti evaṃ uddhaṃ katvā lapanā. Samullapanā ti sabbato bhāgena uddhaṃ katvā lapanā.

73

Unnahanā ti, “upāsakā, pubbe īdise kāle navadānaṃ detha, idāni kiṃ na dethā” ti evaṃ yāva “dassāma, bhante, okāsaṃ na labhāmā” ti ādīni vadanti, tāva uddhaṃ uddhaṃ nahanā, veṭhanā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā, ucchuhatthaṃ disvā, “kuto ābhataṃ upāsakā” ti pucchati. “Ucchukhettato, bhante” ti. “Kiṃ tattha ucchu madhuran” ti. “Khāditvā, bhante, jānitabban” ti. “Na, upāsaka, bhikkhussa ucchuṃ dethā ti vattuṃ vaṭṭatī” ti. Yā evarūpā nibbeṭhentassâpi veṭhanakathā, sā unnahanā. Sabbato bhāgena punappunaṃ unnahanā samunnahanā.

74

Ukkācanā ti, “etaṃ kulaṃ maṃ yeva jānāti, sace ettha deyyadhammo uppajjati, mayham eva detī” ti evaṃ ukkhipitvā kācanā ukkācanā, uddīpanā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Telakandarikavatthu c’ettha vattabbaṃ. Sabbato bhāgena pana punappunaṃ ukkācanā samukkācanā.

75

Anuppiyabhāṇitā ti saccânurūpaṃ dhammânurūpaṃ vā anapaloketvā punappunaṃ piyabhaṇanam eva. Cāṭukamyatā ti nīcavuttitā, attānaṃ heṭṭhato heṭṭhato ṭhapetvā vattanaṃ. Muggasūpyatā ti muggasūpasadisatā. Yathā hi muggesu paccamānesu kocid eva na paccati, avasesā paccanti, evaṃ yassa puggalassa vacane kiñcid eva saccaṃ hoti, sesaṃ alīkaṃ, ayaṃ puggalo muggasūpyo ti vuccati, tassa bhāvo muggasūpyatā.

76

Pāribhaṭyatā ti pāribhaṭyabhāvo. Yo hi kuladārake dhāti viya¹⁸ aṅkena vā khandhena vā paribhaṭati, dhāretī ti attho, tassa paribhaṭassa kammaṃ pāribhaṭyuṃ. Pāribhaṭyassa bhāvo pāribhaṭyatā ti.

77

Nemittikatā-niddese, nimittan ti yaṃ kiñci paresaṃ paccayadānasaññājanakaṃ kāyavacīkammaṃ. Nimittakamman ti khādanīyaṃ gahetvā gacchante disvā, “kiṃ khādanīyaṃ labhitthā” ti ādinā nayena nimittakaraṇaṃ. Obhāso ti paccayapaṭisaṃyuttakathā. Obhāsakamman ti, vacchapālake disvā “kiṃ ime vacchā khīragovacchā udāhu takkagovacchā” ti pucchitvā, “khīragovacchā, bhante” ti vutte, “na khīragovacchā, yadi khīragovacchā siyuṃ, bhikkhū pi khīraṃ labheyyun” ti evamādinā nayena tesaṃ dārakānaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ nivedetvā khīradāpanâdikaṃ obhāsakaraṇaṃ. Sāmantajappā ti samīpaṃ katvā jappanaṃ.

78

Kulûpakabhikkhu vatthu c’ettha vattabbaṃ. Kulûpako kira bhikkhu bhuñjitukāmo gehaṃ pavisitvā nisīdi. Taṃ disvā adātukāmā gharaṇī “taṇḍulā natthī” ti bhaṇantī taṇḍule āharitukāmā viya paṭivissakagharaṃ gatā. Bhikkhu pi antogabbhaṃ pavisitvā olokento kavāṭakoṇe ucchuṃ, bhājane guḷaṃ, piṭake loṇamacchaphāle, kumbhiyaṃ taṇḍule, ghaṭe ghataṃ disvā nikkhamitvā nisīdi. Gharaṇī “taṇḍule nâlatthan” ti āgatā. Bhikkhu “upāsike ‘ajja bhikkhā na sampajjissatī’ ti paṭikacc’eva nimittaṃ addasan” ti āha. “Kiṃ, bhante” ti. “Kavāṭakoṇe nikkhittaṃ ucchuṃ viya sappaṃ addasaṃ, ‘taṃ paharissāmī’ ti olokento bhājane ṭhapitaṃ guḷapiṇḍaṃ viya pāsāṇaṃ, leḍḍukena pahaṭena sappena kataṃ piṭake nikkhittaloṇamacchaphālasadisaṃ phaṇaṃ, tassa taṃ leḍḍuṃ ḍaṃsitukāmassa¹⁹ kumbhiyā taṇḍulasadise dante, ath’assa kupitassa ghaṭe pakkhittaghatasadisaṃ mukhato nikkhamantaṃ visamissakaṃ kheḷan” ti. Sā “na sakkā muṇḍakaṃ vañcetun” ti ucchuṃ datvā odanaṃ pacitvā ghataguḷamacchehi saddhiṃ sabbaṃ adāsī ti.

79

Evaṃ samīpaṃ katvā jappanaṃ sāmantajappā ti veditabbaṃ. Parikathā ti yathā taṃ labhati, tassa²⁰ parivattetvā kathanan ti.

80

Nippesikatā-niddese, akkosanā ti dasahi akkosavatthūhi akkosanaṃ²¹. Vambhanā ti paribhavitvā kathanaṃ. Garahaṇā ti, assaddho appasanno ti ādinā nayena dosâropanā. Ukkhepanā ti, mā etaṃ ettha kathethā ti vācāya ukkhipanaṃ. Sabbato bhāgena savatthukaṃ sahetukaṃ katvā ukkhepanā samukkhepanā. Atha vā, adentaṃ disvā, “aho dānapatī” ti evaṃ ukkhipanaṃ ukkhepanā, “mahādānapatī” ti evaṃ suṭṭhu ukkhepanā samukkhepanā. Khipanā ti, kiṃ imassa jīvitaṃ bījabhojino ti evaṃ uppaṇḍanā. Saṃkhipanā ti, kiṃ imaṃ adāyako ti bhaṇatha, yo niccakālaṃ sabbesam pi natthī ti vacanaṃ detī ti suṭṭhutaraṃ uppaṇḍanā.

81

Pāpanā ti adāyakattassa avaṇṇassa vā pāpanaṃ. Sabbato bhāgena pāpanā sampāpanā. Avaṇṇahārikā ti, evaṃ me avaṇṇabhayā pi dassatī ti gehato gehaṃ, gāmato gāmaṃ, janapadato janapadaṃ avaṇṇaharaṇaṃ. Parapiṭṭhimaṃsikatā ti purato madhuraṃ bhaṇitvā parammukhe avaṇṇabhāsitā. Esā hi abhimukhaṃ oloketuṃ asakkontassa parammukhānaṃ piṭṭhimaṃsaṃ khādanam iva hoti, tasmā parapiṭṭhimaṃsikatā ti vuttā. Ayaṃ vuccati nippesikatā ti ayaṃ yasmā veḷupesikāya²² viya abbhaṅgaṃ, parassa guṇaṃ nippeseti nipuñchati, yasmā vā gandhajātaṃ nipisitvā gandhamagganā viya paraguṇe nipisitvā vicuṇṇetvā esā lābhamagganā hoti, tasmā nippesikatā ti vuccatī ti.

82

Lābhena-lābhaṃ-nijigīsanatā-niddese, nijigīsanatā ti magganā. Ito laddhan ti imamhā gehā laddhaṃ. Amutrā ti amukamhi gehe. Eṭṭhī ti icchanā. Gaveṭṭhī ti magganā. Pariyeṭṭhī ti punappunaṃ magganā. Ādito paṭṭhāya laddhaṃ laddhaṃ bhikkhaṃ tatra tatra kuladārakānaṃ datvā ante khīrayāguṃ labhitvā gatabhikkhuvatthu c’ettha kathetabbaṃ. Esanā ti ādīni eṭṭhi-ādīnam eva vevacanāni, tasmā eṭṭhī ti esanā, gaveṭṭhī ti gavesanā, pariyeṭṭhī ti pariyesanā, icc evam ettha yojanā veditabbā. Ayaṃ kuhanâdīnaṃ attho.

83

Idāni evamādīnañ ca pāpadhammānan ti ettha ādi-saddena,

“Yathā vā pan’eke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchâjīvena jīvikaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ: aṅgaṃ, nimittaṃ, uppātaṃ²³, supinaṃ, lakkhaṇaṃ, mūsikacchinnaṃ, aggihomaṃ, dabbihoman” ti (dī. ni. 1.21)

ādinā nayena Brahmajāle vuttānaṃ anekesaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.

84

Iti yvâyaṃ imesaṃ ājīvahetu paññattānaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ vītikkamavasena, imesañ ca “kuhanā lapanā nemittikatā nippesikatā lābhena-lābhaṃ-nijigīsanatā” ti evamādīnaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ vasena pavatto micchâjīvo, yā tasmā sabbappakārā pi micchâjīvā virati, idaṃ ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ.

Tatrâyaṃ vacanattho: Etaṃ āgamma jīvantī ti ājīvo. Ko so? Paccayapariyesanavāyāmo. Pārisuddhī ti parisuddhatā. Ājīvassa pārisuddhi ājīvapārisuddhi.

Paccayasannissitasīlaṃ

CST18

85

Yaṃ pan’etaṃ tadanantaraṃ paccayasannissitasīlaṃ vuttaṃ, tattha (I.42) paṭisaṅkhā yoniso ti upāyena pathena paṭisaṅkhāya, ñatvā, paccavekkhitvā ti attho. Ettha ca sītassa paṭighātāyā ti ādinā nayena vuttapaccavekkhaṇam eva “yoniso paṭisaṅkhā” ti veditabbaṃ.

86

Tattha cīvaran ti antaravāsakâdīsu yaṃ kiñci. Paṭisevatī ti paribhuñjati, nivāseti vā pārupati vā. Yāvad evā ti payojanâvadhi-pariccheda-niyama-vacanaṃ. Ettakam eva hi yogino cīvarapaṭisevane payojanaṃ, yad idaṃ sītassa paṭighātāyā ti ādi, na ito bhiyyo. Sītassā ti ajjhattadhātu-kkhobhavasena vā bahiddhā utupariṇāmanavasena vā uppannassa yassa kassaci sītassa. Paṭighātāyā ti paṭihananatthaṃ, yathā sarīre ābādhaṃ na uppādeti, evaṃ tassa vinodanatthaṃ. Sītabbhâhate hi sarīre vikkhittacitto yoniso padahituṃ na sakkoti, tasmā sītassa paṭighātāya cīvaraṃ paṭisevitabban ti Bhagavā anuññāsi. Esa nayo sabbattha. Kevalañ h’ettha uṇhassā ti aggisantāpassa. Tassa vanadāhâdīsu sambhavo veditabbo.

87

Ḍaṃsa-makasa-vātâtapa-sarīsapa²⁴-samphassānan ti ettha pana ḍaṃsā ti ḍaṃsanamakkhikā, andhamakkhikā ti pi vuccanti. Makasā makasā eva. Vātā ti saraja-arajâdibhedā. Ātapo ti sūriyâtapo. Sarīsapā ti ye keci sarantā gacchanti dīghajātikā sappâdayo, tesaṃ daṭṭhasamphasso ca phuṭṭhasamphasso cā ti duvidho samphasso, so pi cīvaraṃ pārupitvā nisinnaṃ na bādhati, tasmā tādisesu ṭhānesu tesaṃ paṭighātatthāya paṭisevati.

88

Yāvad evā ti puna etassa vacanaṃ niyata-payojanâvadhi-pariccheda-dassanatthaṃ. Hirikopīnapaṭicchādanañ hi niyatapayojanaṃ, itarāni kadāci kadāci honti. Tattha hirikopīnan ti taṃ taṃ sambādhaṭṭhānaṃ. Yasmiṃ yasmiñ hi aṅge vivariyamāne hirī kuppati vinassati, taṃ taṃ hiriṃ kopanato hirikopīnan ti vuccati. Tassa ca hirikopīnassa paṭicchādanatthan ti hirikopīnapaṭicchādanatthaṃ. Hirikopīnaṃ paṭicchādanatthan ti pi pāṭho.

89

Piṇḍapātan ti yaṃ kiñci āhāraṃ. Yo hi koci āhāro bhikkhuno piṇḍolyena patte patitattā piṇḍapāto ti vuccati. Piṇḍānaṃ vā pāto piṇḍapāto, tattha tattha laddhānaṃ bhikkhānaṃ sannipāto samūho ti vuttaṃ hoti. Neva davāyā ti na gāmadārakâdayo viya davatthaṃ, kīḷānimittan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Na madāyā ti na muṭṭhikamallâdayo viya madatthaṃ, balamadanimittaṃ porisamadanimittañ cā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Na maṇḍanāyā ti na antepurikavesiyâdayo viya maṇḍanatthaṃ, aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ pīṇabhāvanimittan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Na vibhūsanāyā ti na naṭanaccakâdayo viya vibhūsanatthaṃ, pasannacchavivaṇṇatānimittan ti vuttaṃ hoti.

90

Ettha ca n’eva davāyā ti etaṃ mohûpanissayappahānatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Na madāyā ti etaṃ dosûpanissayappahānatthaṃ. Na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāyā ti etaṃ rāgûpanissayappahānatthaṃ. Neva davāya na madāyā ti c’etaṃ attano saṃyojanuppatti-paṭisedhanatthaṃ. Na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāyā ti etaṃ parassa pi saṃyojanuppatti-paṭisedhanatthaṃ. Catūhi pi c’etehi ayoniso paṭipattiyā kāmasukhallikânuyogassa ca pahānaṃ vuttan ti veditabbaṃ. Yāvad evā ti vuttattham eva.

91

Imassa kāyassā ti etassa catumahābhūtikassa rūpakāyassa. Ṭhitiyā ti pabandhaṭṭhitatthaṃ. Yāpanāyā ti pavattiyā avicchedatthaṃ, cirakālaṭṭhitatthaṃ vā. Gharûpatthambham iva hi jiṇṇagharasāmiko, akkhabbhañjanam iva ca sākaṭiko, kāyassa ṭhitatthaṃ yāpanatthañ c’esa piṇḍapātaṃ paṭisevati, na dava-mada-maṇḍana-vibhūsanatthaṃ. Api ca ṭhitī ti jīvitindriyass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ, tasmā imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāyā ti ettāvatā etassa kāyassa jīvitindriya-pavattāpanatthan ti pi vuttaṃ hotī ti veditabbaṃ.

92

Vihiṃsûparatiyā ti, vihiṃsā nāma jighacchā ābādhaṭṭhena, tassā uparamattham p’esa piṇḍapātaṃ paṭisevati, vaṇâlepanam iva, uṇhasītâdīsu tappaṭikāraṃ viya ca. Brahmacariyânuggahāyā ti sakalasāsanabrahmacariyassa ca maggabrahmacariyassa ca anuggahatthaṃ. Ayañ hi piṇḍapātapaṭisevanapaccayā kāyabalaṃ nissāya sikkhattayânuyogavasena bhavakantāranittharaṇatthaṃ paṭipajjanto brahmacariyânuggahāya paṭisevati, kantāranittharaṇatthikā puttamaṃsaṃ viya (saṃ. ni. 2.63), nadīnittharaṇatthikā kullaṃ viya (ma. ni. 1.240), samuddanittharaṇatthikā nāvam iva ca.

93

Iti purāṇañ ca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi navañ ca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmī ti etaṃ iminā piṇḍapātapaṭisevanena purāṇañ ca jighacchāvedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañ ca vedanaṃ aparimitabhojanapaccayaṃ āharahatthaka-alaṃsāṭaka-tatravaṭṭaka-kākamāsaka-bhuttavamitaka-brāhmaṇānaṃ aññataro viya na uppādessāmī ti pi paṭisevati, bhesajjam iva gilāno. Atha vā, yā adhunā asappāyâparimitabhojanaṃ nissāya purāṇakammapaccayavasena uppajjanato purāṇavedanā ti vuccati, sappāyaparimitabhojanena tassā paccayaṃ vināsento taṃ purāṇañ ca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, yā câyaṃ adhunā kataṃ ayuttaparibhogakammûpacayaṃ nissāya āyatiṃ uppajjanato navavedanā ti vuccati, yuttaparibhogavasena tassā mūlaṃ anibbattento taṃ navañ ca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmī ti evam p’ettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Ettāvatā yuttaparibhogasaṅgaho, attakilamathânuyogappahānaṃ, dhammikasukhâpariccāgo ca dīpito hotī ti veditabbo.

94

Yātrā ca me bhavissatī ti parimitaparibhogena jīvitindriyupacchedakassa iriyāpathabhañjakassa vā parissayassa abhāvato cirakālagamanasaṅkhātā yātrā ca me bhavissati imassa paccayâyattavuttino kāyassā ti pi paṭisevati, yāpyarogī viya tappaccayaṃ. Anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā ti ayuttapariyesana-paṭiggahaṇa-paribhoga-parivajjanena anavajjatā, parimitaparibhogena phāsuvihāro. Asappāyâparimitaparibhogapaccayā arati-tandī-vijambhitā²⁵-viññūgarahâdi-dosâbhāvena vā anavajjatā, sappāyaparimitabhojanapaccayā kāyabalasambhavena phāsuvihāro. Yāvadattha-udarâvadehakabhojanaparivajjanena vā seyyasukha-passasukha-middhasukhānaṃ pahānato anavajjatā, catupañcâlopamatta-ūnabhojanena catu-iriyāpatha-yogyabhāvapaṭipādanato phāsuvihāro ca me bhavissatī ti pi paṭisevati. Vuttam pi h’etaṃ:

“Cattāro pañca ālope abhutvā udakaṃ pive,
alaṃ phāsuvihārāya pahitattassa bhikkhuno” ti. (theragā. 983)

Ettāvatā ca payojanapariggaho, majjhimā ca paṭipadā dīpitā hotī ti veditabbā.

95

Senāsanan ti senañ ca āsanañ ca. Yattha yattha hi seti vihāre vā aḍḍhayogâdimhi vā, taṃ senaṃ, yattha yattha āsati nisīdati, taṃ āsanaṃ, taṃ ekato katvā senāsanan ti vuccati. Utuparissayavinodana-paṭisallānârāmatthan ti, parisahanaṭṭhena utu yeva utuparissayo, utuparissayassa vinodanatthañ ca paṭisallānârāmatthañ ca, yo sarīrâbādhacittavikkhepakaro asappāyo utu senāsanapaṭisevanena vinodetabbo hoti, tassa vinodanatthaṃ, ekībhāvasukhatthañ cā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Kāmañ ca sītapaṭighātâdinā va utuparissayavinodanaṃ vuttam eva, yathā pana cīvarapaṭisevane, hirikopīnapaṭicchādanaṃ niyatapayojanaṃ, itarāni kadāci kadāci bhavantī²⁶ ti vuttaṃ, evam idhâpi niyataṃ utuparissayavinodanaṃ sandhāya idaṃ vuttan ti veditabbaṃ. Atha vā, ayaṃ vuttappakāro utu utu yeva. Parissayo pana duvidho, pākaṭaparissayo ca paṭicchannaparissayo ca (mahāni. 5). Tattha pākaṭaparissayo sīhabyagghâdayo, paṭicchannaparissayo rāgadosâdayo. Ye yattha apariguttiyā ca asappāyarūpadassanâdinā ca ābādhaṃ na karonti, taṃ senāsanaṃ evaṃ jānitvā paccavekkhitvā paṭisevanto bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso senāsanaṃ utuparissayavinodanatthaṃ paṭisevatī ti veditabbo.

96

Gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāran ti ettha rogassa paṭi-ayanaṭṭhena paccayo, paccanīkagamanaṭṭhenā ti attho, yassa kassaci sappāyass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Bhisakkassa kammaṃ, tena anuññātattā ti bhesajjaṃ, gilānapaccayo va bhesajjaṃ gilānapaccayabhesajjaṃ, yaṃ kiñci gilānassa sappāyaṃ bhisakkakammaṃ tela-madhu-phāṇitâdī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Parikkhāro ti pana,

“Sattahi nagaraparikkhārehi suparikkhataṃ hotī” ti (a. ni. 7.67)

ādīsu parivāro vuccati,

“Ratho sīlaparikkhāro, jhānakkho cakkavīriyo” ti (saṃ. ni. 5.4)

ādīsu alaṅkāro,

“Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā” ti (ma. ni. 1.191-192)

ādīsu sambhāro. Idha pana sambhāro pi parivāro pi vaṭṭati. Tañ hi gilānapaccayabhesajjaṃ jīvitassa parivāro pi hoti, jīvitanāsakâbādhuppattiyā antaraṃ adatvā rakkhaṇato, sambhāro pi, yathā ciraṃ pavattati, evam assa kāraṇabhāvato, tasmā parikkhāro ti vuccati. Evaṃ gilānapaccayabhesajjañ ca taṃ parikkhāro cā ti gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāro, taṃ gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, gilānassa yaṃ kiñci sappāyaṃ bhisakkânuññātaṃ tela-madhu-phāṇitâdi-jīvitaparikkhāran ti vuttaṃ hoti.

97

Uppannānan ti jātānaṃ bhūtānaṃ nibbattānaṃ. Veyyābādhikānan ti ettha byābādho ti dhātukkhobho, taṃsamuṭṭhānā ca kuṭṭhagaṇḍapīḷakâdayo, byābādhato uppannattā veyyābādhikā. Vedanānan ti, dukkhavedanā akusalavipākavedanā, tāsaṃ veyyābādhikānaṃ vedanānaṃ. Abyābajjhaparamatāyā ti niddukkhaparamatāya, yāva taṃ dukkhaṃ sabbaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, tāvā ti attho.

Evam idaṃ saṅkhepato paṭisaṅkhā yoniso paccayaparibhogalakkhaṇaṃ paccayasannissitasīlaṃ veditabbaṃ. Vacanattho pan’ettha, cīvarâdayo hi, yasmā te paṭicca nissāya paribhuñjamānā pāṇino ayanti pavattanti, tasmā paccayā ti vuccanti, te paccaye sannissitan ti paccayasannissitaṃ.

Catupārisuddhisampādanavidhi

CST19

98

Evam etasmiṃ catubbidhe sīle saddhāya pātimokkhasaṃvaro sampādetabbo. Saddhāsādhano hi so, sāvakavisayâtītattā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā. Sikkhāpadapaññattiyācanapaṭikkhepo c’ettha nidassanaṃ. Tasmā yathāpaññattaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ anavasesaṃ saddhāya samādiyitvā jīvite pi apekkhaṃ akarontena sādhukaṃ sampādetabbaṃ. Vuttam pi h’etaṃ:

“Kikī va aṇḍaṃ camarī va vāladhiṃ
piyaṃ va puttaṃ nayanaṃ va ekakaṃ,
tath’eva sīlaṃ anurakkhamānakā
supesalā hotha sadā sagāravā” ti.

Aparam pi vuttaṃ:

“Evam eva kho, Pahārāda, yaṃ mayā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, taṃ mama sāvakā jīvitahetu pi nâtikkamantī” ti. (a. ni. 8.19)

99

Imasmiṃ ca pan’atthe aṭaviyaṃ corehi baddhatherānaṃ vatthūni veditabbāni.

Mahāvattani-aṭaviyaṃ kira theraṃ corā kāḷavallīhi bandhitvā nipajjāpesuṃ. Thero yathānipanno va sattadivasāni vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā anāgāmiphalaṃ pāpuṇitvā tatth’eva kālaṃ katvā Brahmaloke nibbatti.

Aparam pi theraṃ Tambapaṇṇidīpe pūtilatāya bandhitvā nipajjāpesuṃ. So vanadāhe²⁷ āgacchante valliṃ acchinditvā va vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā samasīsī hutvā parinibbāyi. Dīghabhāṇaka-Abhayatthero pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ āgacchanto disvā therassa sarīraṃ jhāpetvā cetiyaṃ kārāpesi. Tasmā añño pi saddho kulaputto,

Pātimokkhaṃ visodhento appeva jīvitaṃ jahe,
paññattaṃ lokanāthena na bhinde sīlasaṃvaraṃ.

100

Yathā ca pātimokkhasaṃvaro saddhāya, evaṃ satiyā indriyasaṃvaro sampādetabbo. Satisādhano hi so, satiyā adhiṭṭhitānaṃ indriyānaṃ abhijjhâdīhi ananvāssavanīyato. Tasmā

“Varaṃ, bhikkhave, tattāya ayosalākāya ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya cakkhundriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, na tv eva cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho” ti (saṃ. ni. 4.235)

ādinā nayena Ādittapariyāyaṃ samanussaritvā rūpâdīsu visayesu cakkhudvārâdipavattassa viññāṇassa abhijjhâdīhi anvāssavanīyaṃ nimittâdiggāhaṃ asammuṭṭhāya satiyā nisedhentena esa sādhukaṃ sampādetabbo.

101

Evaṃ asampādite hi etasmiṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlam pi anaddhaniyaṃ hoti aciraṭṭhitikaṃ, asaṃvihitasākhāparivāram iva sassaṃ, haññate câyaṃ kilesacorehi, vivaṭadvāro viya gāmo parassahārīhi, cittañ c’assa rāgo samativijjhati, ducchannam agāraṃ vuṭṭhi viya. Vuttam pi h’etaṃ:

“Rūpesu saddesu atho rasesu
gandhesu phassesu ca rakkha indriyaṃ,
ete hi dvārā vivaṭā arakkhitā
hananti gāmaṃ va parassahārino”.

“Yathā agāraṃ ducchannaṃ vuṭṭhī samativijjhati,
evaṃ abhāvitaṃ cittaṃ rāgo samativijjhatī” ti. (dha. pa. 13)

102

Sampādite pana tasmiṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlam pi addhaniyaṃ hoti ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, susaṃvihitasākhāparivāram iva sassaṃ, na haññate câyaṃ kilesacorehi, susaṃvutadvāro viya gāmo parassahārīhi, na c’assa cittaṃ rāgo samativijjhati, succhannam agāraṃ vuṭṭhi viya. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ:

“Rūpesu saddesu atho rasesu
gandhesu phassesu ca rakkha indriyaṃ,
ete hi dvārā pihitā susaṃvutā
na hanti²⁸ gāmaṃ va parassahārino”.

“Yathā agāraṃ succhannaṃ vuṭṭhī na samativijjhati,
evaṃ subhāvitaṃ cittaṃ rāgo na samativijjhatī” ti. (dha. pa. 14)

103

Ayaṃ pana ati-ukkaṭṭhadesanā. Cittaṃ nām’etaṃ lahuparivattaṃ, tasmā uppannaṃ rāgaṃ asubhamanasikārena vinodetvā indriyasaṃvaro sampādetabbo. Adhunāpabbajitena Vaṅgīsattherena viya. Therassa kira adhunāpabbajitassa piṇḍāya carato ekaṃ itthiṃ disvā rāgo uppajjati²⁹. Tato Ānandattheraṃ āha:

“Kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi, cittaṃ me pariḍayhati,
sādhu nibbāpanaṃ brūhi anukampāya Gotamā” ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.212; theragā. 1232)

Thero āha:

“Saññāya vipariyesā cittaṃ te pariḍayhati,
nimittaṃ parivajjehi subhaṃ rāgûpasañhitaṃ,
Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehi, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ. (saṃ. ni. 1.212; theragā. 1233-1234)

“Saṅkhāre parato passa, dukkhato no ca attato,
nibbāpehi mahārāgaṃ, mā ḍayhittho punappunan” ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.212)

Thero rāgaṃ vinodetvā piṇḍāya cari.

104

Api ca indriyasaṃvarapūrakena bhikkhunā Kuraṇḍakamahāleṇavāsinā Cittaguttattherena viya, Corakamahāvihāravāsinā Mahāmittattherena viya ca bhavitabbaṃ.

105

Kuraṇḍakamahāleṇe kira sattannaṃ Buddhānaṃ abhinikkhamana-cittakammaṃ manoramaṃ ahosi. Sambahulā bhikkhū senāsanacārikaṃ āhiṇḍantā cittakammaṃ disvā, “manoramaṃ, bhante, cittakamman” ti āhaṃsu. Thero āha “atirekasaṭṭhi me, āvuso, vassāni leṇe vasantassa, cittakammaṃ atthī ti³⁰ pi na jānāmi, ajja dāni cakkhumante nissāya ñātan” ti. Therena kira ettakaṃ addhānaṃ vasantena cakkhuṃ ummīletvā leṇaṃ na ullokitapubbaṃ. Leṇadvāre c’assa mahānāgarukkho pi ahosi. So pi therena uddhaṃ na ullokitapubbo, anusaṃvaccharaṃ bhūmiyaṃ kesaranipātaṃ disvā v’assa pupphitabhāvaṃ jānāti.

106

Rājā therassa guṇasampattiṃ sutvā vanditukāmo tikkhattuṃ pesetvā, anāgacchante there, tasmiṃ gāme taruṇaputtānaṃ itthīnaṃ thane bandhāpetvā lañjāpesi, “tāva dārakā thaññaṃ mā labhiṃsu, yāva thero na āgacchatī” ti. Thero dārakānaṃ anukampāya Mahāgāmaṃ agamāsi. Rājā sutvā, “gacchatha bhaṇe, theraṃ pavesetha sīlāni gaṇhissāmī” ti antepuraṃ abhiharāpetvā³¹ vanditvā bhojetvā, “ajja, bhante, okāso natthi, sve sīlāni gaṇhissāmī” ti therassa pattaṃ gahetvā thokaṃ anugantvā deviyā saddhiṃ vanditvā nivatti. Thero, rājā vā vandatu devī vā, “sukhī hotu, mahārājā” ti vadati. Evaṃ sattadivasā gatā.

107

Bhikkhū āhaṃsu “kiṃ, bhante, tumhe raññe pi vandamāne deviyā pi vandamānāya, ‘sukhī hotu mahārāja’ icc eva vadathā” ti. Thero “nâhaṃ, āvuso, rājā ti vā devī ti vā vavatthānaṃ karomī” ti vatvā, sattâhâtikkamena³², “therassa idha vāso dukkho” ti raññā vissajjito Kuraṇḍakamahāleṇaṃ gantvā rattibhāge caṅkamaṃ ārūhi. Nāgarukkhe adhivatthā devatā daṇḍadīpikaṃ gahetvā aṭṭhāsi. Ath’assa kammaṭṭhānaṃ atiparisuddhaṃ pākaṭaṃ ahosi. Thero “kiṃ nu me ajja kammaṭṭhānaṃ ativiya pakāsatī” ti attamano majjhimayāmasamanantaraṃ sakalaṃ pabbataṃ unnādayanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

108

Tasmā añño pi attatthakāmo kulaputto,

Makkaṭo va araññamhi, vane bhantamigo viya,
bālo viya ca utrasto, na bhave lolalocano.

Adho khipeyya cakkhūni, yugamattadaso siyā,
vanamakkaṭalolassa na cittassa vasaṃ vaje.

109

Mahāmittattherassâpi mātu visagaṇḍakarogo uppajji. Dhītā pi’ssā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitā hoti. Sā taṃ āha: “gaccha ayye, bhātu santikaṃ gantvā mama aphāsukabhāvaṃ ārocetvā bhesajjam āharā” ti. Sā gantvā ārocesi. Thero āha: “nâhaṃ mūlabhesajjâdīni saṃharitvā bhesajjaṃ pacituṃ jānāmi, api ca te bhesajjaṃ ācikkhissaṃ: ‘ahaṃ yato pabbajito, tato paṭṭhāya na mayā lobhasahagatena cittena indriyāni bhinditvā visabhāgarūpaṃ olokitapubbaṃ, iminā saccavacanena mātuyā me phāsu hotu’, gaccha, idaṃ³³ vatvā upāsikāya sarīraṃ parimajjā” ti. Sā gantvā imam atthaṃ ārocetvā tathā akāsi. Upāsikāya taṃ khaṇaṃ yeva gaṇḍo pheṇapiṇḍo viya vilīyitvā antaradhāyi. Sā uṭṭhahitvā “sace Sammāsambuddho dhareyya, kasmā mama puttasadisassa bhikkhuno jālavicitrena hatthena sīsaṃ na parāmaseyyā” ti attamanavācaṃ nicchāresi.

110

Tasmā,

Kulaputtamāni añño pi pabbajitvāna sāsane
Mittatthero va tiṭṭheyya vare indriyasaṃvare.

111

Yathā pana indriyasaṃvaro satiyā, tathā vīriyena ājīvapārisuddhi sampādetabbā. Vīriyasādhanā hi sā, sammâraddhavīriyassa micchâjīvappahānasambhavato. Tasmā anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ pahāya vīriyena piṇḍapātacariyâdīhi sammā-esanāhi esā sampādetabbā, parisuddhuppāde yeva paccaye paṭisevamānena aparisuddhuppāde āsīvise viya parivajjayatā.

112

Tattha apariggahitadhutaṅgassa saṅghato, gaṇato, dhammadesanâdīhi c’assa guṇehi pasannānaṃ gihīnaṃ santikā uppannā paccayā parisuddhuppādā nāma, piṇḍapātacariyâdīhi pana atiparisuddhuppādā yeva. Pariggahitadhutaṅgassa piṇḍapātacariyâdīhi, dhutaguṇe c’assa pasannānaṃ santikā dhutaṅganiyamânulomena uppannā parisuddhuppādā nāma. Ekabyādhivūpasamatthañ c’assa pūtihariṭakī-catumadhuresu uppannesu, “catumadhuraṃ aññe pi sabrahmacārino paribhuñjissantī” ti cintetvā hariṭakī-khaṇḍam eva paribhuñjamānassa dhutaṅgasamādānaṃ patirūpaṃ hoti. Esa hi “uttama-ariya-vaṃsiko bhikkhū” ti vuccati.

113

Ye pan’ete cīvarâdayo paccayā, tesu yassa kassaci bhikkhuno ājīvaṃ parisodhentassa cīvare ca piṇḍapāte ca nimittobhāsaparikathāviññattiyo na vaṭṭanti. Senāsane pana apariggahitadhutaṅgassa nimittobhāsaparikathā vaṭṭanti.

114

Tattha nimittaṃ nāma, senāsanatthaṃ bhūmiparikammâdīni karontassa, “kiṃ, bhante, kariyati, ko kārāpetī” ti gihīhi vutte, “na koci” ti paṭivacanaṃ, yaṃ vā pan’aññam pi evarūpaṃ nimittakammaṃ. Obhāso nāma, “upāsakā tumhe kuhiṃ vasathā” ti, “pāsāde, bhante” ti, “bhikkhūnaṃ pana, upāsakā, pāsādo na vaṭṭatī” ti vacanaṃ, yaṃ vā pan’aññam pi evarūpaṃ obhāsakammaṃ. Parikathā nāma, “bhikkhusaṅghassa senāsanaṃ sambādhan” ti vacanaṃ, yā vā pan’aññā pi evarūpā pariyāyakathā.

115

Bhesajje sabbam pi vaṭṭati. Tathā-uppannaṃ pana bhesajjaṃ roge vūpasante paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati, na vaṭṭatī ti? Tattha Vinayadharā “Bhagavatā dvāraṃ dinnaṃ, tasmā vaṭṭatī” ti vadanti, Suttantikā pana “kiñcâpi āpatti na hoti, ājīvaṃ pana kopeti, tasmā na vaṭṭat’” icc eva vadanti.

116

Yo pana Bhagavatā anuññātā pi nimittobhāsa-parikathā-viññattiyo akaronto appicchatâdiguṇe yeva nissāya jīvitakkhaye pi paccupaṭṭhite aññatr’eva obhāsâdīhi uppannapaccaye paṭisevati, esa “paramasallekhavuttī” ti vuccati.

117

Seyyathā pi thero Sāriputto. So kir’āyasmā ekasmiṃ samaye pavivekaṃ brūhayamāno Mahāmoggallānattherena saddhiṃ aññatarasmiṃ araññe viharati. Ath’assa ekasmiṃ divase udaravātâbādho uppajjitvā atidukkhaṃ janesi. Mahāmoggallānatthero sāyanhasamaye tass’āyasmato upaṭṭhānaṃ gato, theraṃ nipannaṃ disvā taṃ pavattiṃ pucchitvā “pubbe te, āvuso, kena phāsu hotī” ti pucchi. Thero āha: “gihikāle me, āvuso, mātā sappimadhusakkarâdīhi yojetvā asambhinnakhīrapāyāsaṃ adāsi, tena me phāsu ahosī” ti. So pi āyasmā “hotu, āvuso, sace mayhaṃ vā tuyhaṃ vā puññaṃ atthi, appeva nāma sve labhissāmā” ti āha.

118

Imaṃ pana nesaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ rukkhe adhivatthā devatā sutvā, “sve ayyassa pāyāsaṃ uppādessāmī” ti tāvad eva therassa upaṭṭhākakulaṃ gantvā jeṭṭhaputtassa sarīraṃ āvisitvā pīḷaṃ janesi, ath’assa tikicchānimittaṃ sannipatite ñātake āha: “sace sve therassa evarūpaṃ nāma pāyāsaṃ paṭiyādetha, taṃ muñcissāmī” ti. Te “tayā avutte pi, mayaṃ therānaṃ nibaddhaṃ bhikkhaṃ demā” ti vatvā dutiyadivase tathārūpaṃ pāyāsaṃ paṭiyādiyiṃsu.

119

Mahāmoggallānatthero pāto va āgantvā, “āvuso, yāva ahaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā āgacchāmi, tāva idh’eva hohī” ti vatvā gāmaṃ pāvisi. Te manussā paccuggantvā therassa pattaṃ gahetvā vuttappakārassa pāyāsassa pūretvā adaṃsu. Thero gamanâkāraṃ dassesi. Te “bhuñjatha, bhante, tumhe, aparam pi dassāmā” ti theraṃ bhojetvā puna pattapūraṃ adaṃsu. Thero gantvā “hand’āvuso Sāriputta, paribhuñjā” ti upanāmesi. Thero pi taṃ disvā, “atimanāpo pāyāso, kathaṃ nu kho uppanno” ti cintento tassa uppattimūlaṃ disvā āha: “āvuso Moggallāna, aparibhogâraho piṇḍapāto” ti.

120

So p’āyasmā, “mādisena nāma ābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ na paribhuñjatī” ti cittam pi anuppādetvā ekavacanen’eva pattaṃ mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ gahetvā ekamante nikujjesi. Pāyāsassa saha bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhānā therassa ābādho antaradhāyi, tato paṭṭhāya pañcacattālīsa vassāni na puna uppajji.

121

Tato Mahāmoggallānaṃ āha: “āvuso, vacīviññattiṃ nissāya uppanno pāyāso antesu nikkhamitvā bhūmiyaṃ carantesu pi paribhuñjituṃ ayuttarūpo” ti, imañ ca udānaṃ udānesi:

“Vacīviññattivipphārā uppannaṃ madhupāyasaṃ,
sace bhutto bhaveyyâhaṃ sājīvo garahito mama.

“Yadi pi me antaguṇaṃ nikkhamitvā bahi care,
n’eva bhindeyyaṃ ājīvaṃ cajamāno pi jīvitaṃ.

“Ārādhemi sakaṃ cittaṃ, vivajjemi anesanaṃ,
nâhaṃ Buddhappaṭikuṭṭhaṃ kāhāmi ca anesanan” ti.

122

Ciragumbavāsika³⁴-ambakhādaka-Mahātissattheravatthu pi c’ettha kathetabbaṃ. Evaṃ sabbathā pi,

“Anesanāya cittam pi ajanetvā vicakkhaṇo,
ājīvaṃ parisodheyya saddhāpabbajito yatī” ti.

123

Yathā ca vīriyena ājīvapārisuddhi, tathā paccayasannissitasīlaṃ paññāya sampādetabbaṃ. Paññāsādhanaṃ hi taṃ, paññavato paccayesu ādīnavânisaṃsa-dassanasamatthabhāvato. Tasmā pahāya paccayagedhaṃ dhammena samena uppanne paccaye yathāvuttena vidhinā paññāya paccavekkhitvā paribhuñjantena³⁵ sampādetabbaṃ.

124

Tattha duvidhaṃ paccavekkhaṇaṃ: paccayānaṃ paṭilābhakāle³⁶ paribhogakāle ca. Paṭilābhakālepi hi dhātuvasena vā paṭikūlavasena vā paccavekkhitvā ṭhapitāni cīvarâdīni tato uttari paribhuñjantassa anavajjo va paribhogo, paribhogakāle pi.

125

Tatrâyaṃ sanniṭṭhānakaro vinicchayo. Cattāro hi paribhogā: theyyaparibhogo, iṇaparibhogo, dāyajjaparibhogo, sāmiparibhogo ti. Tatra saṅghamajjhe pi nisīditvā paribhuñjantassa dussīlassa paribhogo theyyaparibhogo nāma. Sīlavato apaccavekkhitvā paribhogo iṇaparibhogo nāma. Tasmā cīvaraṃ paribhoge paribhoge paccavekkhitabbaṃ, piṇḍapāto ālope ālope. Tathā asakkontena purebhatta-pacchābhatta-purimayāma-majjhimayāma-pacchimayāmesu. Sac’assa apaccavekkhato va aruṇaṃ uggacchati, iṇaparibhogaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati. Senāsanam pi paribhoge paribhoge paccavekkhitabbaṃ. Bhesajjassa paṭiggahaṇe pi paribhoge pi satipaccayatā va vaṭṭati. Evaṃ sante pi paṭiggahaṇe satiṃ katvā paribhoge akarontass’eva āpatti. Paṭiggahaṇe pana satiṃ akatvā paribhoge karontassa anāpatti.

126

Catubbidhā hi suddhi: desanāsuddhi, saṃvarasuddhi, pariyeṭṭhisuddhi, paccavekkhaṇasuddhī ti. Tattha desanāsuddhi nāma pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ. Tañ hi desanāya sujjhanato desanāsuddhī ti vuccati. Saṃvarasuddhi nāma indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ. Tañ hi, “na puna evaṃ karissāmī” ti cittâdhiṭṭhānasaṃvaren’eva sujjhanato saṃvarasuddhī ti vuccati. Pariyeṭṭhisuddhi nāma ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Tañ hi anesanaṃ pahāya dhammena samena paccaye uppādentassa pariyesanāya suddhattā pariyeṭṭhisuddhī ti vuccati. Paccavekkhaṇasuddhi nāma paccayasannissitasīlaṃ. Tañ hi vuttappakārena paccavekkhaṇena sujjhanato paccavekkhaṇasuddhī ti vuccati. Tena vuttaṃ:

“Paṭiggahaṇe pana satiṃ akatvā paribhoge karontassa anāpattī” ti. (I.125)

127

Sattannaṃ sekkhānaṃ paccayaparibhogo dāyajjaparibhogo nāma. Te hi Bhagavato puttā, tasmā pitusantakānaṃ paccayānaṃ dāyādā hutvā te paccaye paribhuñjanti. Kiṃ pan’ete Bhagavato paccaye paribhuñjanti, udāhu gihīnaṃ paccaye paribhuñjantī ti? Gihīhi dinnā pi Bhagavatā anuññātattā Bhagavato santakā honti, tasmā Bhagavato paccaye paribhuñjantī ti veditabbā. Dhammadāyādasuttañ c’ettha sādhakaṃ. Khīṇāsavānaṃ paribhogo sāmiparibhogo nāma. Te hi taṇhāya dāsabyaṃ atītattā sāmino hutvā paribhuñjanti.

128

Imesu paribhogesu sāmiparibhogo ca dāyajjaparibhogo ca sabbesaṃ vaṭṭati, iṇaparibhogo na vaṭṭati, theyyaparibhoge kathā yeva natthi. Yo panâyaṃ sīlavato paccavekkhitaparibhogo, so iṇaparibhogassa paccanīkattā āṇaṇyaparibhogo vā hoti, dāyajjaparibhoge yeva vā saṅgahaṃ gacchati. Sīlavā pi hi imāya sikkhāya samannāgatattā sekkho tv eva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati³⁷.

129

Imesu pana paribhogesu yasmā sāmiparibhogo aggo, tasmā taṃ patthayamānena bhikkhunā vuttappakārāya paccavekkhaṇāya paccavekkhitvā paribhuñjantena paccayasannissitasīlaṃ sampādetabbaṃ. Evaṃ karonto hi kiccakārī hoti. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ:

“Piṇḍaṃ vihāraṃ sayanâsanañ ca
āpañ ca saṅghāṭi-rajūpavāhanaṃ,
sutvāna dhammaṃ Sugatena desitaṃ,
saṅkhāya seve varapaññasāvako.

“Tasmā hi piṇḍe sayanâsane ca
āpe ca saṅghāṭi-rajūpavāhane,
etesu dhammesu anūpalitto
bhikkhu yathā pokkhare vāribindu. (su. ni. 394-395)

“Kālena laddhā parato anuggahā,
khajjesu bhojjesu ca sāyanesu ca
mattaṃ sa jaññā satataṃ upaṭṭhito,
vaṇassa ālepanarūhane yathā.

“Kantāre puttamaṃsaṃ va, akkhass’abbhañjanaṃ yathā,
evaṃ āhāre āhāraṃ yāpanattham amucchito” ti.

130

Imassa ca paccayasannissitasīlassa paripūrakāritāya bhāgineyya-Saṅgharakkhitasāmaṇerassa vatthu kathetabbaṃ. So hi sammā paccavekkhitvā paribhuñji. Yath’āha:

“Upajjhāyo maṃ bhuñjamānaṃ sālikūraṃ sunibbutaṃ,
mā h’eva tvaṃ, sāmaṇera, jivhaṃ jhāpesi asaññato.

“Upajjhāyassa vaco sutvā saṃvegam alabhiṃ tadā,
ekâsane nisīditvā arahattaṃ apāpuṇiṃ.

“So’haṃ paripuṇṇasaṅkappo cando pannaraso yathā,
sabbâsavaparikkhīṇo, natthi dāni punabbhavo” ti.

“Tasmā añño pi dukkhassa patthayanto parikkhayaṃ,
yoniso paccavekkhitvā paṭisevetha paccaye” ti.

Evaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlâdivasena catubbidhaṃ.

Paṭhamasīlapañcakaṃ

CST20

131

Pañcavidhakoṭṭhāsassa paṭhamapañcake anupasampannasīlâdivasena attho veditabbo. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Paṭisambhidāyaṃ:

“Katamaṃ pariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ? Anupasampannānaṃ pariyantasikkhāpadānaṃ, idaṃ pariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Katamaṃ apariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ? Upasampannānaṃ apariyantasikkhāpadānaṃ, idaṃ apariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Katamaṃ paripuṇṇapārisuddhisīlaṃ? Puthujjanakalyāṇakānaṃ kusaladhamme yuttānaṃ sekkhapariyante paripūrakārīnaṃ kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhānaṃ pariccattajīvitānaṃ, idaṃ paripuṇṇapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Katamaṃ aparāmaṭṭhapārisuddhisīlaṃ? Sattannaṃ sekkhānaṃ, idaṃ aparāmaṭṭhapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Katamaṃ paṭippassaddhipārisuddhisīlaṃ? Tathāgatasāvakānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ tathāgatānaṃ arahantānaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ, idaṃ paṭippassaddhipārisuddhisīlan” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.37)

132

Tattha anupasampannānaṃ sīlaṃ gaṇanavasena sapariyantattā pariyantapārisuddhisīlan ti veditabbaṃ. Upasampannānaṃ,

“Nava koṭisahassāni asīti satakoṭiyo
paññāsa satasahassāni chattiṃsā ca punâpare,

“Ete saṃvaravinayā Sambuddhena pakāsitā,
peyyālamukhena niddiṭṭhā sikkhā Vinayasaṃvare” ti.

evaṃ gaṇanavasena sapariyantam pi anavasesavasena samādānabhāvañ ca lābha-yasa-ñāti-aṅga-jīvita-vasena adiṭṭhapariyantabhāvañ ca sandhāya apariyantapārisuddhisīlan ti vuttaṃ³⁸.

133

Ciragumbavāsika-ambakhādaka-Mahātissattherassa sīlam iva. Tathā hi so āyasmā,

“Dhanaṃ caje aṅgavarassa hetu, aṅgaṃ caje jīvitaṃ rakkhamāno,
aṅgaṃ dhanaṃ jīvitañ câpi sabbaṃ caje naro dhammam anussaranto” ti.

imaṃ sappurisânussatiṃ avijahanto jīvitasaṃsaye pi sikkhāpadaṃ avītikkamma tad eva apariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ nissāya upāsakassa piṭṭhigato va arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Yath’āha:

“Na pitā na pi te mātā, na ñāti na pi bandhavo
karot’etādisaṃ kiccaṃ sīlavantassa kāraṇā.

Saṃvegaṃ janayitvāna sammasitvāna yoniso,
tassa piṭṭhigato santo arahattaṃ apāpuṇī³⁹” ti.

134

Puthujjanakalyāṇakānaṃ sīlaṃ upasampadato paṭṭhāya sudhotajātimaṇi viya, suparikammakatasuvaṇṇaṃ viya ca atiparisuddhattā cittuppādamattakena pi malena virahitaṃ arahattass’eva padaṭṭhānaṃ hoti, tasmā paripuṇṇapārisuddhī ti vuccati.

135

Mahāsaṅgharakkhita-bhāgineyya-Saṅgharakkhitattherānaṃ viya. Mahāsaṅgharakkhitattheraṃ kira atikkantasaṭṭhivassaṃ maraṇamañce nipannaṃ bhikkhusaṅgho lokuttarâdhigamaṃ pucchi. Thero “natthi me lokuttaradhammo” ti āha. Ath’assa upaṭṭhāko daharabhikkhu āha: “bhante, tumhe parinibbutā ti samantā dvādasayojanā manussā sannipatitā, tumhākaṃ puthujjanakālakiriyāya mahājanassa vippaṭisāro bhavissatī” ti. “Āvuso, ahaṃ Metteyyaṃ Bhagavantaṃ passissāmī ti na vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapesiṃ, tena hi maṃ nisīdāpetvā okāsaṃ karohī” ti. So theraṃ nisīdāpetvā bahi nikkhanto. Thero tassa saha nikkhamanā va arahattaṃ patvā accharikāya saññaṃ adāsi. Saṅgho sannipatitvā āha: “bhante, evarūpe maraṇakāle lokuttaradhammaṃ nibbattentā dukkaraṃ karitthā” ti. “N’āvuso etaṃ dukkaraṃ, api ca vo dukkaraṃ ācikkhissāmi: ahaṃ, āvuso, pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya asatiyā aññāṇapakataṃ kammaṃ nāma na passāmī” ti. Bhāgineyyo pi’ssa paññāsavassakāle evam eva arahattaṃ pāpuṇī ti.

136

“Appassuto pi ce hoti sīlesu asamāhito,
ubhayena naṃ garahanti sīlato ca sutena ca.

“Appassuto pi ce hoti sīlesu susamāhito,
sīlato naṃ pasaṃsanti, tassa sampajjate sutaṃ.

“Bahussuto pi ce hoti sīlesu asamāhito,
sīlato naṃ garahanti, nâssa sampajjate sutaṃ.

“Bahussuto pi ce hoti sīlesu susamāhito,
ubhayena naṃ pasaṃsanti sīlato ca sutena ca.

“Bahussutaṃ dhammadharaṃ sappaññaṃ Buddhasāvakaṃ,
nekkhaṃ jambonadasseva, ko taṃ ninditum arahati?
devā pi naṃ pasaṃsanti, Brahmunā pi pasaṃsito” ti. (a. ni. 4.6)

137

Sekkhānaṃ pana sīlaṃ diṭṭhivasena aparāmaṭṭhattā, puthujjanānaṃ vā pana rāgavasena aparāmaṭṭhasīlaṃ aparāmaṭṭhapārisuddhī ti veditabbaṃ. Kuṭumbiyaputta-Tissattherassa sīlaṃ viya. So hi āyasmā tathārūpaṃ sīlaṃ nissāya arahatte patiṭṭhātukāmo verike āha:

“Ubho pādāni bhinditvā saññapessāmi vo ahaṃ,
aṭṭiyāmi harāyāmi sarāgamaraṇaṃ ahan” ti.

“Evâhaṃ cintayitvāna sammasitvāna yoniso
sampatte aruṇuggamhi arahattaṃ apāpuṇin” ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.373)

138

Aññataro pi mahāthero bāḷhagilāno sahatthā āhāram pi paribhuñjituṃ asakkonto, sake muttakarīse palipanno samparivattati. Taṃ disvā aññataro daharo “aho dukkhā jīvitasaṅkhārā” ti āha. Tam enaṃ mahāthero āha: “ahaṃ, āvuso, idāni miyyamāno saggasampattiṃ labhissāmi, natthi me ettha saṃsayo. Imaṃ pana sīlaṃ bhinditvā laddhasampatti nāma sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya paṭiladdhagihibhāvasadisī” ti vatvā, “sīlen’eva saddhiṃ marissāmī” ti tatth’eva nipanno tam eva rogaṃ sammasanto arahattaṃ patvā bhikkhusaṅghassa imāhi gāthāhi byākāsi:

“Phuṭṭhassa me aññatarena byādhinā
rogena bāḷhaṃ dukhitassa ruppato
parisussati khippam idaṃ kaḷevaraṃ,
pupphaṃ yathā paṃsuni ātape kataṃ.

“Ajaññaṃ jaññasaṅkhātaṃ asuciṃ sucisammataṃ,
nānākuṇapaparipūraṃ jaññarūpaṃ apassato,

“Dhir atthu’maṃ āturaṃ pūtikāyaṃ
duggandhiyaṃ asuci byādhidhammaṃ,
yatthappamattā adhimucchitā pajā
hāpenti maggaṃ sugatûpapattiyā” ti.

139

Arahantâdīnaṃ pana sīlaṃ sabbadarathappaṭippassaddhiyā parisuddhattā⁴⁰ paṭippassaddhipārisuddhī ti veditabbaṃ.

Evaṃ pariyantapārisuddhi-ādivasena pañcavidhaṃ.

Dutiyasīlapañcakaṃ

140

Dutiyapañcake pāṇâtipātâdīnaṃ pahānâdivasena attho veditabbo. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Paṭisambhidāyaṃ:

“Pañca sīlāni:

1. pāṇâtipātassa pahānaṃ sīlaṃ, veramaṇī sīlaṃ, cetanā sīlaṃ, saṃvaro sīlaṃ, avītikkamo sīlaṃ,
2. adinnâdānassa,
3. kāmesu micchācārassa,
4. musāvādassa,
5. pisuṇāya vācāya,
6. pharusāya vācāya,
7. samphappalāpassa,
8. abhijjhāya,
9. byāpādassa,
10. micchādiṭṭhiyā,
11. nekkhammena kāmacchandassa,
12. abyāpādena byāpādassa,
13. ālokasaññāya thinamiddhassa,
14. avikkhepena uddhaccassa,
15. dhammavavatthānena vicikicchāya,
16. ñāṇena avijjāya,
17. pāmojjena aratiyā,
18. paṭhamena jhānena nīvaraṇānaṃ,
19. dutiyena jhānena vitakkavicārānaṃ,
20. tatiyena jhānena pītiyā,
21. catutthena jhānena sukhadukkhānaṃ,
22. ākāsānañcâyatanasamāpattiyā rūpasaññāya paṭighasaññāya nānattasaññāya,
23. viññāṇañcâyatanasamāpattiyā ākāsānañcâyatanasaññāya,
24. ākiñcaññâyatanasamāpattiyā viññāṇañcâyatanasaññāya,
25. nevasaññanâsaññâyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññâyatanasaññāya,
26. aniccânupassanāya niccasaññāya,
27. dukkhânupassanāya sukhasaññāya,
28. anattânupassanāya attasaññāya,
29. nibbidânupassanāya nandiyā,
30. virāgânupassanāya rāgassa,
31. nirodhânupassanāya samudayassa,
32. paṭinissaggânupassanāya ādānassa,
33. khayânupassanāya ghanasaññāya,
34. vayânupassanāya āyūhanassa,
35. vipariṇāmânupassanāya dhuvasaññāya,
36. animittânupassanāya nimittassa,
37. appaṇihitânupassanāya paṇidhiyā,
38. suññatânupassanāya abhinivesassa,
39. adhipaññādhammavipassanāya sārâdānâbhinivesassa,
40. yathābhūtañāṇadassanena sammohâbhinivesassa,
41. ādīnavânupassanāya ālayâbhinivesassa,
42. paṭisaṅkhânupassanāya appaṭisaṅkhāya,
43. vivaṭṭanânupassanāya saññogâbhinivesassa⁴¹,
44. sotāpattimaggena diṭṭhekaṭṭhānaṃ kilesānaṃ,
45. sakadāgāmimaggena oḷārikānaṃ kilesānaṃ,
46. anāgāmimaggena aṇusahagatānaṃ kilesānaṃ,
47. arahattamaggena sabbakilesānaṃ pahānaṃ sīlaṃ, veramaṇī, cetanā, saṃvaro, avītikkamo sīlaṃ.

Evarūpāni sīlāni cittassa avippaṭisārāya saṃvattanti, pāmojjāya saṃvattanti, pītiyā saṃvattanti, passaddhiyā saṃvattanti⁴², somanassāya saṃvattanti, āsevanāya saṃvattanti, bhāvanāya saṃvattanti, bahulīkammāya saṃvattanti, alaṅkārāya saṃvattanti, parikkhārāya saṃvattanti, parivārāya saṃvattanti, pāripūriyā saṃvattanti, ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattantī” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.41)

141

Ettha ca pahānan ti koci dhammo nāma natthi aññatra vuttappakārānaṃ pāṇâtipātâdīnaṃ anuppādamattato. Yasmā pana taṃ taṃ pahānaṃ tassa tassa kusaladhammassa patiṭṭhānaṭṭhena upadhāraṇaṃ hoti, vikampâbhāvakaraṇena ca samādānaṃ, tasmā pubbe vutten’eva (I.19) upadhāraṇa-samādhāna-saṅkhātena sīlanaṭṭhena sīlan ti vuttaṃ. Itare cattāro dhammā tato tato veramaṇivasena, tassa tassa saṃvaravasena, tadubhayasampayuttacetanāvasena, taṃ taṃ avītikkamantassa avītikkamanavasena⁴³ ca cetaso pavattisabbhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Sīlaṭṭho pana tesaṃ pubbe pakāsito yevā ti. Evaṃ pahānasīlâdivasena pañcavidhaṃ.

142

Ettāvatā ca,

• Kiṃ sīlaṃ?
• Ken’aṭṭhena sīlaṃ?
• Kān’assa lakkhaṇa-rasa-paccupaṭṭhāna-padaṭṭhānāni?
• Kimānisaṃsaṃ sīlaṃ?
• Katividhaṃ c’etaṃ sīlan ti?

imesaṃ pañhānaṃ vissajjanaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Sīlasaṃkilesavodānaṃ

CST21

143

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ “ko c’assa saṃkileso, kiṃ vodānan” ti, tatra vadāma: khaṇḍâdibhāvo sīlassa saṃkileso, akhaṇḍâdibhāvo vodānaṃ. So pana khaṇḍâdibhāvo

• lābha-yasâdihetukena bhedena ca
• sattavidha-methuna-saṃyogena ca

saṅgahito. Tathā hi yassa sattasu āpattikkhandhesu ādimhi vā ante vā sikkhāpadaṃ bhinnaṃ hoti, tassa sīlaṃ pariyante chinnasāṭako viya khaṇḍaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa pana vemajjhe bhinnaṃ, tassa majjhe chiddasāṭako⁴⁴ viya chiddaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa paṭipāṭiyā dve tīṇi bhinnāni, tassa piṭṭhiyā vā kucchiyā vā uṭṭhitena visabhāgavaṇṇena kāḷarattâdīnaṃ aññatarasarīravaṇṇā gāvī viya sabalaṃ nāma hoti. Yassa antarantarā bhinnāni, tassa antarantarā visabhāgavaṇṇabinduvicitrā gāvī viya kammāsaṃ nāma hoti. Evaṃ tāva lābhâdihetukena bhedena khaṇḍâdibhāvo hoti.

144

Evaṃ sattavidha-methuna-saṃyogavasena. Vuttañ hi Bhagavatā

“Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā sammābrahmacārī paṭijānamāno na h’eva kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ dvayaṃdvayasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, api ca kho mātugāmassa ucchādanaṃ parimaddanaṃ nhāpanaṃ sambāhanaṃ sādiyati, so tad assādeti, taṃ nikāmeti, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati. Idam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, brahmacariyassa khaṇḍam pi chiddam pi sabalam pi kammāsam pi. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, aparisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati saṃyutto methunena saṃyogena, na parimuccati jātiyā jarāya maraṇena…pe… na parimuccati dukkhasmā ti vadāmi.

145

“Puna ca paraṃ, brāhmaṇa, idh’ekacco samaṇo vā…pe… paṭijānamāno na h’eva kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ dvayaṃdvayasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, na pi mātugāmassa ucchādanaṃ…pe… sādiyati, api ca kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ sañjagghati saṃkīḷati saṃkelāyati, so tad assādeti…pe… na parimuccati dukkhasmā ti vadāmi.

146

“Puna ca paraṃ, brāhmaṇa, idh’ekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na h’eva kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ dvayaṃdvayasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, na pi mātugāmassa ucchādanaṃ…pe… sādiyati, na pi mātugāmena saddhiṃ sañjagghati saṃkīḷati saṃkelāyati, api ca kho mātugāmassa cakkhunā cakkhuṃ upanijjhāyati pekkhati, so tad assādeti…pe… na parimuccati dukkhasmā ti vadāmi.

147

“Puna ca paraṃ, brāhmaṇa, idh’ekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na h’eva kho mātugāmena… na pi mātugāmassa… na pi mātugāmena… na pi mātugāmassa…pe… pekkhati, api ca kho mātugāmassa saddaṃ suṇāti tirokuṭṭā⁴⁵ vā tiropākārā vā hasantiyā vā bhaṇantiyā vā gāyantiyā vā rodantiyā vā, so tad assādeti…pe… dukkhasmā ti vadāmi.

148

“Puna ca paraṃ, brāhmaṇa, idh’ekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na h’eva kho mātugāmena… na pi mātugāmassa… na pi mātugāmena… na pi mātugāmassa…pe… rodantiyā vā, api ca kho yāni’ssa tāni pubbe mātugāmena saddhiṃ hasita-lapita-kīḷitāni, tāni anussarati, so tad assādeti…pe… dukkhasmā ti vadāmi.

149

“Puna ca paraṃ, brāhmaṇa, idh’ekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na h’eva kho mātugāmena…pe… na pi mātugāmassa…pe… na pi yānissa tāni pubbe mātugāmena saddhiṃ hasita-lapita-kīḷitāni, tāni anussarati, api ca kho passati gahapatiṃ vā gahapatiputtaṃ vā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitaṃ samaṅgībhūtaṃ paricārayamānaṃ, so tad assādeti…pe… dukkhasmā ti vadāmi.

150

“Puna ca paraṃ, brāhmaṇa, idh’ekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na h’eva kho mātugāmena…pe… na pi passati gahapatiṃ vā gahapatiputtaṃ vā…pe… paricārayamānaṃ, api ca kho aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati, iminā’haṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā ti, so tad assādeti, taṃ nikāmeti, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati. Idam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, brahmacariyassa khaṇḍam pi chiddam pi sabalam pi kammāsam pī⁴⁶” ti. (a. ni. 7.50)

Evaṃ lābhâdihetukena bhedena ca sattavidha-methuna-saṃyogena ca khaṇḍâdibhāvo saṅgahito ti veditabbo.

151

Akhaṇḍādibhāvo pana

• sabbaso sikkhāpadānaṃ abhedena,
• bhinnānañ ca sappaṭikammānaṃ paṭikammakaraṇena,
• sattavidha-methuna-saṃyogâbhāvena ca,
• aparāya ca “kodho upanāho makkho paḷāso issā macchariyaṃ māyā sātheyyaṃ thambho sārambho māno atimāno mado pamādo” ti ādīnaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ anuppattiyā,
• appicchatā-santuṭṭhitā-sallekhatâdīnañ ca guṇānaṃ uppattiyā

saṅgahito.

152

Yāni hi sīlāni lābhâdīnam pi atthāya abhinnāni, pamādadosena vā bhinnāni pi paṭikammakatāni, methunasaṃyogehi vā kodhupanāhâdīhi vā pāpadhammehi anupahatāni, tāni sabbaso akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsānī ti vuccanti. Tāni yeva bhujissabhāvakaraṇato ca bhujissāni, viññūhi pasatthattā viññupasatthāni, taṇhādiṭṭhīhi aparāmaṭṭhattā aparāmaṭṭhāni, upacārasamādhiṃ vā appanāsamādhiṃ vā saṃvattayantī ti samādhisaṃvattanikāni ca honti (VII.101-3). Tasmā nesaṃ esa “akhaṇḍâdibhāvo vodānan” ti veditabbo.

153

Taṃ pan’etaṃ vodānaṃ dvīh’ākārehi sampajjati: sīlavipattiyā ca ādīnavadassanena, sīlasampattiyā ca ānisaṃsadassanena. Tattha

“Pañc’ime, bhikkhave, ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā” ti (dī. ni. 2.149; a. ni. 5.213)

evamādisuttanayena sīlavipattiyā ādīnavo daṭṭhabbo.

154

Api ca dussīlo puggalo dussīlyahetu amanāpo hoti devamanussānaṃ, ananusāsanīyo sabrahmacārīnaṃ, dukkhito dussīlyagarahāsu, vippaṭisārī sīlavataṃ pasaṃsāsu, tāya ca pana dussīlyatāya sāṇasāṭako viya dubbaṇṇo hoti. Ye kho pan’assa diṭṭhânugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ dīgharattaṃ apāyadukkhâvahanato dukkhasamphasso, yesaṃ deyyadhammaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, tesaṃ na mahapphalakaraṇato appaggho, anekavassagaṇikagūthakūpo viya dubbisodhano, chavâlātam iva ubhato paribāhiro, bhikkhubhāvaṃ paṭijānanto pi abhikkhu yeva gogaṇaṃ anubandhagadrabho viya, satatubbiggo sabbaverikapuriso viya, asaṃvāsâraho matakaḷevaraṃ viya, sutâdiguṇayutto pi sabrahmacārīnaṃ apūjâraho susānaggi viya brāhmaṇānaṃ, abhabbo visesâdhigame andho viya rūpadassane, nirāso saddhamme caṇḍālakumārako viya rajje, sukhito’smī ti maññamāno pi dukkhito va Aggikkhandhapariyāye vuttadukkhabhāgitāya.

155

Dussīlānañhi pañcakāmaguṇaparibhoga-vandana-mānanâdi-sukhassādagadhita-cittānaṃ tappaccayaṃ anussaraṇamattenâpi hadayasantāpaṃ janayitvā uṇhalohituggārappavattanasamatthaṃ atikaṭukaṃ dukkhaṃ dassento sabbâkārena paccakkhakammavipāko Bhagavā āha:

“Passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, amuṃ mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtan ti? Evaṃ, bhante ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ, yaṃ amuṃ mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ āliṅgetvā upanisīdeyya vā upanipajjeyya vā, yaṃ khattiyakaññaṃ vā brāhmaṇakaññaṃ vā gahapatikaññaṃ vā mudutalunahatthapādaṃ āliṅgetvā upanisīdeyya vā upanipajjeyya vā ti? Etad eva, bhante, varaṃ yaṃ khattiyakaññaṃ vā…pe… upanipajjeyya vā. Dukkhaṃ h’etaṃ, bhante, yaṃ amuṃ mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ…pe… upanipajjeyya vā ti.

156

Ārocayāmi vo, bhikkhave, paṭivedayāmi vo, bhikkhave, yathā etad eva tassa varaṃ dussīlassa pāpadhammassa asucisaṅkassarasamācārassa paṭicchannakammantassa assamaṇassa samaṇapaṭiññassa, abrahmacārissa brahmacāripaṭiññassa antopūtikassa avassutassa kasambujātassa yaṃ amuṃ mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ…pe… upanipajjeyya vā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tatonidānaṃ hi so, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ, na tv eva tappaccayā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyā⁴⁷” ti. (a. ni. 7.72)

157

Evaṃ aggikkhandhupamāya itthipaṭibaddha-pañcakāmaguṇaparibhoga-paccayaṃ dukkhaṃ dassetvā eten’eva upāyena,

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ, yaṃ balavā puriso daḷhāya vāḷarajjuyā ubho jaṅghā veṭhetvā ghaṃseyya, sā chaviṃ chindeyya, chaviṃ chetvā cammaṃ chindeyya, cammaṃ chetvā maṃsaṃ chindeyya, maṃsaṃ chetvā nhāruṃ chindeyya, nhāruṃ chetvā aṭṭhiṃ chindeyya, aṭṭhiṃ chetvā aṭṭhimiñjaṃ āhacca tiṭṭheyya, yaṃ vā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā abhivādanaṃ sādiyeyyā” ti ca.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ, yaṃ balavā puriso tiṇhāya sattiyā teladhotāya paccorasmiṃ pahareyya, yaṃ vā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā añjalikammaṃ sādiyeyyā” ti ca.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ, yaṃ balavā puriso tattena ayopaṭṭena ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena kāyaṃ sampaliveṭheyya, yaṃ vā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā saddhādeyyaṃ cīvaraṃ paribhuñjeyyā” ti ca.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ, yaṃ balavā puriso tattena ayosaṅkunā ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena mukhaṃ vivaritvā tattaṃ lohaguḷaṃ ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ mukhe pakkhipeyya, taṃ tassa oṭṭham pi ḍaheyya, mukham pi, jivham pi, kaṇṭham pi, udaram pi ḍaheyya, antam pi antaguṇam pi ādāya adhobhāgaṃ nikkhameyya, yaṃ vā khattiya… brāhmaṇa… gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā saddhādeyyaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjeyyā” ti ca.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ, yaṃ balavā puriso sīse vā gahetvā khandhe vā gahetvā tattaṃ ayomañcaṃ vā ayopīṭhaṃ vā ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ abhinisīdāpeyya vā abhinipajjāpeyya vā, yaṃ vā khattiya… brāhmaṇa… gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā saddhādeyyaṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ paribhuñjeyyā” ti ca.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ, yaṃ balavā puriso uddhaṃ pādaṃ adhosiraṃ gahetvā tattāya ayokumbhiyā⁴⁸ pakkhipeyya ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya, so tattha pheṇuddehakaṃ paccamāno sakim pi uddhaṃ gaccheyya, sakim pi adho gaccheyya, sakim pi tiriyaṃ gaccheyya, yaṃ vā khattiya… brāhmaṇa… gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā saddhādeyyaṃ vihāraṃ paribhuñjeyyā” ti cā ti (a. ni. 7.72)

imāhi vāḷarajju-tiṇhasatti-ayopaṭṭa-ayoguḷa-ayomañca-ayopīṭha-ayokumbhī-upamāhi abhivādana-añjalikamma-cīvara-piṇḍapāta-mañcapīṭha-vihāra-paribhoga-paccayaṃ dukkhaṃ dassesi.

158

Tasmā,

Aggikkhandhâliṅgana-dukkhâdhikadukkhakaṭukaphalaṃ
avijahato kāmasukhaṃ, sukhaṃ kuto bhinnasīlassa?

Abhivādanasādiyane kiṃ nāma sukhaṃ vipannasīlassa,
daḷhavāḷarajjughaṃsana-dukkhâdhikadukkhabhāgissa?

Saddhānam añjalikammasādiyane⁴⁹ kiṃ sukhaṃ asīlassa
sattippahāra-dukkhâdhimattadukkhassa yaṃ hetu?

Cīvaraparibhogasukhaṃ kiṃ nāma asaṃyatassa, yena ciraṃ
anubhavitabbo niraye jalita-ayopaṭṭasamphasso?

Madhuro pi piṇḍapāto halāhalavisûpamo asīlassa,
ādittā gilitabbā ayoguḷā yena cirarattaṃ.

Sukhasammato pi dukkho asīlino mañcapīṭhaparibhogo,
yaṃ bādhissanti ciraṃ jalita-ayomañcapīṭhāni.

Dussīlassa vihāre saddhādeyyamhi kā nivāsarati?
jalitesu nivasitabbaṃ yena ayokumbhimajjhesu.

Saṅkasarasamācāro kasambujāto avassuto pāpo
antopūtī ti ca yaṃ nindanto āha lokagaru.

Dhī jīvitaṃ asaññatassa, tassa samaṇajanavesadhārissa
assamaṇassa upahataṃ khatam attānaṃ vahantassa.

Gūthaṃ viya, kuṇapaṃ viya, maṇḍanakāmā vivajjayantîdha
yaṃ nāma sīlavanto santo, kiṃ jīvitaṃ tassa?

Sabbabhayehi amutto, mutto sabbehi adhigamasukhehi,
supihitasaggadvāro apāyamaggaṃ samārūḷho.

Karuṇāya vatthubhūto kāruṇikajanassa nāma ko añño
dussīlasamo? dussīlatāya iti bahuvidhā dosā ti.

evamādinā paccavekkhaṇena sīlavipattiyaṃ ādīnavadassanaṃ, vuttappakāraviparītato sīlasampattiyā ānisaṃsadassanañ ca veditabbaṃ.

159

Api ca,

Tassa pāsādikaṃ hoti pattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ,
pabbajjā saphalā tassa, yassa sīlaṃ sunimmalaṃ.

Attânuvādâdibhayaṃ suddhasīlassa bhikkhuno
andhakāraṃ viya raviṃ hadayaṃ nâvagāhati.

Sīlasampattiyā bhikkhu sobhamāno tapovane
pabhāsampattiyā cando gagane viya sobhati.

Kāyagandho pi pāmojjaṃ sīlavantassa bhikkhuno
karoti api devānaṃ, sīlagandhe kathā va kā?

Sabbesaṃ gandhajātānaṃ sampattiṃ abhibhuyyati,
avighātī disā sabbā sīlagandho pavāyati.

Appakā pi katā kārā sīlavante mahapphalā
hontī ti sīlavā hoti pūjāsakkārabhājanaṃ.

Sīlavantaṃ na bādhanti āsavā diṭṭhadhammikā,
samparāyikadukkhānaṃ mūlaṃ khanati sīlavā.

Yā manussesu sampatti yā ca devesu sampadā,
na sā sampannasīlassa icchato hoti dullabhā.

Accantasantā pana yā ayaṃ nibbānasampadā,
mano sampannasīlassa tam eva anudhāvati.

Sabbasampattimūlamhi sīlamhi iti paṇḍito
anekâkāravokāraṃ ānisaṃsaṃ vibhāvaye ti.

160

Evañ hi vibhāvayato sīlavipattito ubbijjitvā sīlasampattininnaṃ mānasaṃ hoti. Tasmā yathāvuttaṃ imaṃ sīlavipattiyā ādīnavaṃ imañ ca sīlasampattiyā ānisaṃsaṃ disvā sabbâdarena sīlaṃ vodāpetabban ti.

161

Ettāvatā ca, “Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño” ti imissā gāthāya sīla-samādhi-paññā-mukhena desite Visuddhimagge sīlaṃ tāva paridīpitaṃ hoti.