说地遍品

Pathavīkasiṇaniddeso

CST51

1

Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ “samādhibhāvanāya ananurūpaṃ vihāraṃ pahāya anurūpe vihāre viharantenā” ti ettha yassa tāv’ācariyena saddhiṃ ekavihāre vasato phāsu hoti, tena tatth’eva kammaṭṭhānaṃ parisodhentena vasitabbaṃ. Sace tattha phāsu na hoti, yo añño gāvute vā aḍḍhayojane vā yojanamatte pi vā sappāyo vihāro hoti, tattha vasitabbaṃ. Evañ hi sati kammaṭṭhānassa kismiñcid eva ṭhāne sandehe vā satisammose vā jāte kālass’eva vihāre vattaṃ katvā antarāmagge piṇḍāya caritvā bhattakiccapariyosāne yeva ācariyassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā taṃ divasam ācariyassa santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ sodhetvā dutiyadivase ācariyaṃ vanditvā nikkhamitvā antarāmagge piṇḍāya caritvā akilamanto yeva attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ āgantuṃ sakkhissati. Yo pana yojanappamāṇe pi phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ na labhati, tena kammaṭṭhāne sabbaṃ gaṇṭhiṭṭhānaṃ chinditvā suvisuddhaṃ āvajjanapaṭibaddhaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ katvā dūram pi gantvā samādhibhāvanāya ananurūpaṃ vihāraṃ pahāya anurūpe vihāre vihātabbaṃ.

Ananurūpavihāro

CST52

2

Tattha ananurūpo nāma aṭṭhārasannaṃ dosānaṃ aññatarena samannāgato. Tatr’ime aṭṭhārasa dosā:

1. mahattaṃ,
2. navattaṃ,
3. jiṇṇattaṃ,
4. pantha-nissitattaṃ,
5. soṇḍī,
6. paṇṇaṃ,
7. pupphaṃ,
8. phalaṃ,
9. patthanīyatā,
10. nagara-sannissitatā,
11. dāru-sannissitatā,
12. khetta-sannissitatā,
13. visabhāgānaṃ puggalānaṃ atthitā,
14. paṭṭana-sannissitatā,
15. paccanta-sannissitatā,
16. rajjasīma-sannissitatā,
17. asappāyatā,
18. kalyāṇamittānaṃ alābho ti

Imesaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ dosānaṃ aññatarena dosena samannāgato ananurūpo nāma, na tattha vihātabbaṃ.

3

Kasmā? Mahāvihāre tāva bahū nānāchandā sannipatanti, te aññamaññaṃ paṭiviruddhatāya vattaṃ na karonti, bodhiyaṅgaṇâdīni asammaṭṭhān’eva honti, anupaṭṭhāpitaṃ pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ. Tatrâyaṃ “gocaragāme piṇḍāya carissāmī” ti pattacīvaram ādāya nikkhanto sace passati vattaṃ vā akataṃ pānīyaghaṭaṃ vā rittaṃ, athânena vattaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, akaronto vattabhede dukkaṭaṃ āpajjati, karontassa kālo atikkamati, atidivā paviṭṭho niṭṭhitāya bhikkhāya kiñci na labhati. Paṭisallānagato pi sāmaṇera-daharabhikkhūnaṃ uccāsaddena saṅghakammehi ca vikkhipati. Yattha pana sabbaṃ vattaṃ katam eva hoti, avasesā pi ca saṅghaṭṭanā natthi, evarūpe mahāvihāre pi vihātabbaṃ.

4

Navavihāre bahu navakammaṃ hoti, akarontaṃ ujjhāyanti. Yattha pana bhikkhū evaṃ vadanti “āyasmā yathāsukhaṃ samaṇadhammaṃ karotu, mayaṃ navakammaṃ karissāmā” ti, evarūpe vihātabbaṃ.

5

Jiṇṇavihāre pana bahu paṭijaggitabbaṃ hoti, antamaso attano senāsanamattam pi appaṭijaggantaṃ ujjhāyanti, paṭijaggantassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ parihāyati.

6

Panthanissite mahāpathavihāre rattindivaṃ āgantukā sannipatanti, vikāle āgatānaṃ attano senāsanaṃ datvā rukkhamūle vā pāsāṇapiṭṭhe vā vasitabbaṃ hoti, punadivase pi evam evā ti kammaṭṭhānassa okāso na hoti. Yattha pana evarūpo āgantukasambādho na hoti, tattha vihātabbaṃ.

7

Soṇḍī nāma pāsāṇapokkharaṇī hoti. Tattha pānīyatthaṃ mahājano samosarati, nagaravāsīnaṃ rājakulûpakattherānaṃ antevāsikā rajanakammatthāya āgacchanti, tesaṃ bhājana-dārudoṇikâdīni pucchantānaṃ, asuke ca asuke ca ṭhāne ti dassetabbāni honti, evaṃ sabbakālam pi niccabyāvaṭo hoti.

8

Yattha nānāvidhaṃ sākapaṇṇaṃ hoti, tatth’assa kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā divāvihāraṃ nisinnassâpi santike sākahārikā gāyamānā paṇṇaṃ uccinantiyo visabhāga-sadda-saṅghaṭṭanena kammaṭṭhānantarāyaṃ karonti. Yattha pana nānāvidhā mālāgacchā supupphitā honti, tatrâpi tādiso yeva upaddavo.

9

Yattha nānāvidhaṃ amba-jambu-panasâdi-phalaṃ hoti, tattha phalatthikā āgantvā yācanti, adentassa kujjhanti, balakkārena vā gaṇhanti, sāyanhasamaye vihāramajjhe caṅkamantena te disvā “kiṃ upāsakā evaṃ karothā” ti vuttā yathāruci akkosanti, avāsāya pi’ssa parakkamanti.

10

Patthanīye pana leṇasammate¹ Dakkhiṇagiri-Hatthikucchi-Cetiyagiri-Cittalapabbata-sadise vihāre viharantaṃ “ayam arahā” ti sambhāvetvā vanditukāmā manussā samantā osaranti, ten’assa na phāsu hoti. Yassa pana taṃ sappāyaṃ hoti, tena divā aññatra² gantvā rattiṃ vasitabbaṃ.

11

Nagarasannissite visabhāgârammaṇāni āpātham āgacchanti, kumbhadāsiyo pi ghaṭehi nighaṃsantiyo gacchanti, okkamitvā maggaṃ na denti, issaramanussā pi vihāramajjhe sāṇiṃ parikkhipitvā nisīdanti.

12

Dārusannissaye pana yattha kaṭṭhāni ca dabbupakaraṇarukkhā ca santi, tattha kaṭṭhahārikā pubbe vuttasākapupphahārikā viya aphāsuṃ karonti, “vihāre rukkhā santi, te chinditvā gharāni karissāmā” ti manussā āgantvā chindanti. Sace sāyanhasamayaṃ padhānagharā nikkhamitvā vihāramajjhe caṅkamanto te disvā “kiṃ upāsakā evaṃ karothā” ti vadati, yathāruci akkosanti, avāsāya pi’ssa parakkamanti.

13

Yo pana khettasannissito hoti samantā khettehi parivārito, tattha manussā vihāramajjhe yeva khalaṃ katvā dhaññaṃ maddanti, pamukhesu sayanti, aññam pi bahuṃ aphāsuṃ karonti.

Yatrâpi mahāsaṅghabhogo hoti, ārāmikā kulānaṃ gāvo rundhanti, udakavāraṃ paṭisedhenti, manussā vīhisīsaṃ gahetvā “passatha tumhākaṃ ārāmikānaṃ kamman” ti saṅghassa dassenti, tena tena kāraṇena rāja-rājamahāmattānaṃ gharadvāraṃ gantabbaṃ hoti, ayam pi khettasannissiten’eva saṅgahito.

14

Visabhāgānaṃ puggalānaṃ atthitā ti yattha aññamaññaṃ visabhāgaverī bhikkhū viharanti, ye kalahaṃ karontā “mā, bhante, evaṃ karothā” ti vāriyamānā, “etassa paṃsukūlikassa āgatakālato paṭṭhāya naṭṭhā’mhā” ti vattāro bhavanti.

15

Yo pi udakapaṭṭanaṃ vā thalapaṭṭanaṃ vā nissito hoti, tattha abhiṇhaṃ nāvāhi ca satthehi ca āgatamanussā “okāsaṃ detha, pānīyaṃ detha, loṇaṃ dethā” ti ghaṭṭayantā aphāsuṃ karonti.

16

Paccantasannissite pana manussā Buddhâdīsu appasannā honti. Rajjasīmasannissite rājabhayaṃ hoti. Tañ hi padesaṃ eko rājā “na mayhaṃ vase vattatī” ti paharati, itaro pi “na mayhaṃ vase vattatī” ti. Tatrâyaṃ bhikkhu kadāci imassa rañño vijite vicarati, kadāci etassa, atha naṃ “carapuriso ayan” ti maññamānā anayabyasanaṃ pāpenti.

17

Asappāyatā ti visabhāgarūpâdi-ārammaṇa-samosaraṇena vā amanussa-pariggahitatāya vā asappāyatā. Tatr’idaṃ vatthu. Eko kira thero araññe vasati. Ath’assa ekā yakkhinī paṇṇasāladvāre ṭhatvā gāyi. So nikkhamitvā dvāre aṭṭhāsi, sā gantvā caṅkamanasīse gāyi. Thero caṅkamanasīsaṃ agamāsi, sā sataporise papāte ṭhatvā gāyi. Thero paṭinivatti. Atha naṃ sā vegenâgantvā gahetvā “mayā, bhante, na eko na dve tumhādisā khāditā” ti āha.

18

Kalyāṇamittānaṃ alābho ti yattha na sakkā hoti ācariyaṃ vā ācariyasamaṃ vā upajjhāyaṃ vā upajjhāyasamaṃ vā kalyāṇamittaṃ laddhuṃ, tattha so kalyāṇamittānaṃ alābho mahādoso yevā ti.

Imesaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ dosānaṃ aññatarena samannāgato ananurūpo ti veditabbo. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ Aṭṭhakathāsu:

“Mahâvāsaṃ navâvāsaṃ jarâvāsañca panthaniṃ
soṇḍiṃ paṇṇañ ca pupphañ ca phalaṃ patthitam eva ca

Nagaraṃ dārunā khettaṃ visabhāgena paṭṭanaṃ
paccantasīmâsappāyaṃ yattha mitto na labbhati,

Aṭṭhāras’etāni ṭhānāni iti viññāya paṇḍito
ārakā parivajjeyya maggaṃ sappaṭibhayaṃ³ yathā” ti.

Anurūpavihāro

CST53

19

Yo pana gocaragāmato nâtidūra-nâccāsannatâdīhi pañcah’aṅgehi samannāgato, ayaṃ anurūpo nāma. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Kathañ ca, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ pañcaṅga-samannāgataṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ nâtidūraṃ hoti nâccāsannaṃ gamanâgamanasampannaṃ, divā appākiṇṇaṃ⁴ rattiṃ appasaddaṃ appanigghosaṃ, appaḍaṃsa-makasa-vātâtapa-sarīsapa-samphassaṃ ⁵, tasmiṃ kho pana senāsane viharantassa appakasiren’eva uppajjanti cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsana-gilānapaccayabhesajja-parikkhārā, tasmiṃ kho pana senāsane therā bhikkhū viharanti bahussutā āgatâgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ imassa ko attho’ ti, tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañ c’eva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañ ca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhaṭṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ pañcaṅga-samannāgataṃ hotī” ti. (a. ni. 10.11)

Ayaṃ “samādhibhāvanāya ananurūpaṃ vihāraṃ pahāya anurūpe vihāre viharantenā” ti ettha vitthāro.

Khuddakapalibodhā

CST54

20

Khuddaka-palibodhupacchedaṃ katvā ti evaṃ patirūpe vihāre viharantena ye pi’ssa te honti khuddaka-palibodhā, te pi upacchinditabbā. Seyyathidaṃ: dīghāni kesa-nakha-lomāni chinditabbāni, jiṇṇacīvaresu daḷhīkammaṃ vā tunnakammaṃ vā kātabbaṃ, kiliṭṭhāni vā rajitabbāni, sace patte malaṃ hoti, patto pacitabbo, mañcapīṭhâdīni sodhetabbānī ti. Ayaṃ “khuddaka-palibodhupacchedaṃ katvā” ti ettha vitthāro.

Bhāvanāvidhānaṃ

CST55

21

Idāni sabbaṃ bhāvanāvidhānaṃ aparihāpentena bhāvetabbo ti ettha ayaṃ pathavīkasiṇaṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbakammaṭṭhānavasena vitthārakathā hoti. Evaṃ upacchinna-khuddakapalibodhena hi bhikkhunā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapāta-paṭikkantena bhattasammadaṃ paṭivinodetvā pavivitte okāse sukhanisinnena katāya vā akatāya vā pathaviyā nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ.

22

Vuttañ h’etaṃ:

“Pathavīkasiṇaṃ uggaṇhanto pathaviyaṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhāti kate vā akate vā, sântake no anantake, sakoṭiye no akoṭiye, savaṭṭume⁶ no avaṭṭume, sapariyante no apariyante, suppamatte vā sarāvamatte vā. So taṃ nimittaṃ suggahitaṃ karoti, sûpadhāritaṃ upadhāreti, suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapeti. So taṃ nimittaṃ suggahitaṃ katvā sûpadhāritaṃ upadhāretvā suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapetvā ānisaṃsadassāvī ratanasaññī hutvā cittīkāraṃ upaṭṭhapetvā sampiyāyamāno tasmiṃ ārammaṇe cittaṃ upanibandhati ‘addhā imāya paṭipadāya jarāmaraṇamhā muccissāmī’ ti. So vivicc’eva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī” ti.

23

Tattha yena atītabhave pi sāsane vā isipabbajjāya vā pabbajitvā pathavīkasiṇe catukka-pañcaka-jjhānāni nibbattitapubbāni, evarūpassa puññavato upanissaya-sampannassa akatāya pathaviyā kasitaṭṭhāne vā khalamaṇḍale vā nimittaṃ uppajjati. Mallakattherassa viya. Tassa kir’āyasmato kasitaṭṭhānaṃ olokentassa taṃṭhāna-ppamāṇam eva nimittaṃ udapādi. So taṃ vaḍḍhetvā pañcakajjhānāni nibbattetvā jhānapadaṭṭhānaṃ vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

24

Yo pan’evaṃ akatâdhikāro hoti, tena ācariyasantike uggahita-kammaṭṭhāna-vidhānaṃ avirādhetvā cattāro kasiṇadose pariharantena kasiṇaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nīla-pīta-lohita-odāta-sambheda-vasena hi cattāro pathavīkasiṇadosā. Tasmā nīlâdi-vaṇṇaṃ mattikaṃ aggahetvā Gaṅgāvahe mattikā-sadisāya aruṇavaṇṇāya mattikāya kasiṇaṃ kātabbaṃ. Tañ ca kho vihāramajjhe sāmaṇerâdīnaṃ sañcaraṇaṭṭhāne na kātabbaṃ. Vihārapaccante pana paṭicchannaṭṭhāne pabbhāre vā paṇṇasālāya vā saṃhārimaṃ vā tatraṭṭhakaṃ vā kātabbaṃ.

25

Tatra saṃhārimaṃ catūsu daṇḍakesu pilotikaṃ vā cammaṃ vā kaṭasārakaṃ vā bandhitvā tattha apanīta-tiṇa-mūla-sakkhara-kathalikāya⁷ sumadditāya mattikāya vuttappamāṇaṃ vaṭṭaṃ limpetvā kātabbaṃ. Taṃ parikammakāle bhūmiyaṃ attharitvā oloketabbaṃ. Tatraṭṭhakaṃ bhūmiyaṃ padumakaṇṇikâkārena khāṇuke ākoṭetvā vallīhi vinandhitvā kātabbaṃ.

Yadi sā mattikā nappahoti, adho aññaṃ pakkhipitvā uparibhāge suparisodhitāya aruṇavaṇṇāya mattikāya vidatthi-caturaṅgula-vitthāraṃ vaṭṭaṃ kātabbaṃ. Etad eva hi pamāṇaṃ sandhāya “suppamattaṃ vā sarāvamattaṃ vā” ti vuttaṃ. “Sântake no anantake” ti ādi pan’assa paricchedatthāya vuttaṃ.

CST56

26

Tasmā evaṃ vuttappamāṇa-paricchedaṃ katvā, rukkha-pāṇikā visabhāgavaṇṇaṃ samuṭṭhapeti, tasmā taṃ aggahetvā, pāsāṇa-pāṇikāya ghaṃsetvā samaṃ bherītala-sadisaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ sammajjitvā nhatvā āgantvā kasiṇamaṇḍalato aḍḍhateyya-hatthantare padese paññatte vidatthi-caturaṅgula-pādake su-atthate pīṭhe nisīditabbaṃ. Tato dūratare nisinnassa hi kasiṇaṃ na upaṭṭhāti, āsannatare kasiṇadosā paññāyanti, uccatare nisinnena gīvaṃ onamitvā oloketabbaṃ hoti, nīcatare jaṇṇukāni rujanti.

27

Tasmā vuttanayen’eva nisīditvā “appassādā kāmā” ti ādinā nayena kāmesu ādīnavaṃ paccavekkhitvā kāmanissaraṇe sabbadukkha-samatikkamupāyabhūte nekkhamme jātâbhilāsena Buddha-dhamma-saṅgha-guṇânussaraṇena pītipāmojjaṃ janayitvā,

“Ayaṃ dāni sā sabbabuddha-paccekabuddha-ariyasāvakehi paṭipannā nekkhamma-paṭipadā” ti

paṭipattiyā sañjātagāravena

“Addhā imāya paṭipadāya paviveka-sukharasassa bhāgī bhavissāmī” ti

ussāhaṃ janayitvā, samena ākārena cakkhūni ummīletvā nimittaṃ gaṇhantena bhāvetabbaṃ.

28

Ati-ummīlayato hi cakkhu kilamati, maṇḍalañ ca ativibhūtaṃ hoti, ten’assa nimittaṃ n’uppajjati. Atimandaṃ ummīlayato maṇḍalam avibhūtaṃ hoti, cittañ ca līnaṃ hoti, evam pi nimittaṃ n’uppajjati. Tasmā ādāsatale mukhanimittadassinā viya, samenâkārena cakkhūni ummīletvā nimittaṃ gaṇhantena bhāvetabbaṃ.

29

Na vaṇṇo paccavekkhitabbo, na lakkhaṇaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Api ca vaṇṇaṃ amuñcitvā nissayasavaṇṇaṃ katvā ussadavasena paṇṇattidhamme cittaṃ paṭṭhapetvā⁸ manasikātabbaṃ. Pathavī, mahī, medinī, bhūmi, vasudhā, vasundharā ti ādīsu pathavīnāmesu yam icchati, yad assa saññânukūlaṃ hoti, taṃ vattabbaṃ. Api ca pathavī ti etad eva nāmaṃ pākaṭaṃ, tasmā pākaṭavasen’eva “pathavī pathavī” ti bhāvetabbaṃ. Kālena ummīletvā kālena nimīletvā āvajjitabbaṃ. Yāva uggahanimittaṃ n’uppajjati, tāva kālasatam pi kālasahassam pi tato bhiyyo pi eten’eva nayena bhāvetabbaṃ.

CST57

30

Tass’evaṃ bhāvayato yadā nimīletvā āvajjantassa ummīlitakāle viya āpātham āgacchati, tadā uggahanimittaṃ jātaṃ nāma hoti. Tassa jātakālato paṭṭhāya na tasmiṃ ṭhāne nisīditabbaṃ, attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ pavisitvā tattha nisinnena bhāvetabbaṃ. Pādadhovana-papañca-parihāratthaṃ pan’assa ekapaṭalikupāhanā ca kattaradaṇḍo ca icchitabbo. Athânena sace taruṇo samādhi kenacid eva asappāyakāraṇena⁹ nassati, upāhanā āruyha kattaradaṇḍaṃ gahetvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā nimittaṃ ādāya āgantvā sukhanisinnena bhāvetabbaṃ, punappunaṃ samannāharitabbaṃ, takkâhataṃ vitakkâhataṃ kātabbaṃ.

31

Tass’evaṃ karontassa anukkamena nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, kilesā sannisīdanti, upacārasamādhinā cittaṃ samādhiyati, paṭibhāganimittaṃ uppajjati.

Tatrâyaṃ purimassa ca uggahanimittassa imassa ca viseso. Uggahanimitte kasiṇadoso paññāyati, paṭibhāganimittaṃ thavikato nihatâdāsamaṇḍalaṃ viya, sudhota-saṅkhathālaṃ viya, valāhakantarā nikkhanta-candamaṇḍalaṃ viya, meghamukhe balākā viya, uggahanimittaṃ padāletvā nikkhantam iva tato sataguṇaṃ sahassaguṇaṃ suparisuddhaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Tañ ca kho n’eva vaṇṇavantaṃ, na saṇṭhānavantaṃ. Yadi hi taṃ īdisaṃ bhaveyya, cakkhuviññeyyaṃ siyā oḷārikaṃ sammasanupagaṃ tilakkhaṇabbhāhataṃ. Na pan’etaṃ tādisaṃ. Kevalañ hi samādhilābhino upaṭṭhānâkāramattaṃ saññajam etan ti.

CST58

Uppannakālato ca pan’assa paṭṭhāya nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhitān’eva honti, kilesā sannisinnā va, upacārasamādhinā cittaṃ samāhitam evā ti.

32

Duvidho hi samādhi: upacārasamādhi ca appanāsamādhi ca. Dvīh’ākārehi cittaṃ samādhiyati: upacārabhūmiyaṃ vā paṭilābhabhūmiyaṃ vā. Tattha upacārabhūmiyaṃ nīvaraṇappahānena cittaṃ samāhitaṃ hoti, paṭilābhabhūmiyaṃ aṅgapātubhāvena.

33

Dvinnaṃ pana samādhīnaṃ idaṃ nānākāraṇaṃ. Upacāre aṅgāni na thāmajātāni honti. Aṅgānaṃ athāmajātattā, yathā nāma daharo kumārako ukkhipitvā ṭhapiyamāno punappunaṃ bhūmiyaṃ patati, evam eva upacāre uppanne cittaṃ kālena nimittam ārammaṇaṃ karoti, kālena bhavaṅgam otarati. Appanāyaṃ pana aṅgāni thāmajātāni honti. Tesaṃ thāmajātattā, yathā nāma balavā puriso āsanā vuṭṭhāya divasam pi tiṭṭheyya, evam eva appanāsamādhimhi uppanne cittaṃ sakiṃ bhavaṅgavāraṃ chinditvā kevalam pi rattiṃ kevalam pi divasaṃ tiṭṭhati, kusalajavana-paṭipāṭivasen’eva pavattatī ti.

34

Tatra yad etaṃ upacārasamādhinā saddhiṃ paṭibhāganimittaṃ uppannaṃ, tassa uppādanaṃ nāma atidukkaraṃ. Tasmā sace ten’eva pallaṅkena taṃ nimittaṃ vaḍḍhetvā appanaṃ adhigantuṃ sakkoti, sundaraṃ. No ce sakkoti, athânena taṃ nimittaṃ appamattena cakkavattigabbho viya rakkhitabbaṃ. Evañ hi,

Nimittaṃ rakkhato laddha-parihāni na vijjati,
ārakkhamhi asantamhi, laddhaṃ laddhaṃ vinassati.

Sattasappāyā

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Tatrâyaṃ rakkhaṇavidhi:

Āvāso gocaro bhassaṃ puggalo bhojanaṃ utu
iriyāpatho ti satt’ete asappāye vivajjaye.

Sappāye satta sevetha, evañ hi paṭipajjato
na ciren’eva kālena hoti kassaci appanā.

36

Tatr’assa yasmiṃ āvāse vasantassa anuppannaṃ vā nimittaṃ n’uppajjati, uppannaṃ vā vinassati, anupaṭṭhitā ca sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañ ca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, ayaṃ asappāyo. Yattha nimittaṃ uppajjati c’eva thāvarañ ca hoti, sati upaṭṭhāti, cittaṃ samādhiyati Nāgapabbatavāsī-padhāniya-Tissattherassa viya, ayaṃ sappāyo. Tasmā yasmiṃ vihāre bahū āvāsā honti, tattha ekamekasmiṃ tīṇi tīṇi divasāni vasitvā yatth’assa cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti, tattha vasitabbaṃ. Āvāsa-sappāyatāya hi Tambapaṇṇidīpamhi Cūḷanāgaleṇe vasantā tatth’eva kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā pañcasatā bhikkhū arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu, sotāpannâdīnaṃ pana aññattha ariyabhūmiṃ patvā tattha arahattappattānañ ca gaṇanā natthi. Evam aññesu pi Cittalapabbatavihārâdīsu.

37

Gocaragāmo pana yo senāsanato uttarena vā dakkhiṇena vā nâtidūre diyaḍḍha-kosabbhantare hoti sulabhasampannabhikkho, so sappāyo, viparīto asappāyo.

38

Bhassan ti dvattiṃsa-tiracchāna-kathā-pariyāpannaṃ asappāyaṃ. Tañ hi’ssa nimittantaradhānāya saṃvattati. Dasakathāvatthu-nissitaṃ sappāyaṃ, tam pi mattāya bhāsitabbaṃ.

39

Puggalo pi atiracchānakathiko sīlâdi-guṇasampanno, yaṃ nissāya asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ thirataraṃ hoti, evarūpo sappāyo. Kāyadaḷhībahulo pana tiracchānakathiko asappāyo. So hi taṃ kaddamodakam iva acchaṃ udakaṃ malīnam eva karoti. Tādisañ ca āgamma Koṭapabbatavāsī-daharass’eva samāpatti pi nassati, pageva nimittaṃ.

40

Bhojanaṃ pana kassaci madhuraṃ, kassaci ambilaṃ sappāyaṃ hoti. Utu pi kassaci sīto, kassaci uṇho sappāyo hoti. Tasmā yaṃ bhojanaṃ vā utuṃ vā sevantassa phāsu hoti, asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhitaṃ vā thirataraṃ hoti, taṃ bhojanaṃ so ca utu sappāyo, itaraṃ bhojanaṃ itaro ca utu asappāyo.

41

Iriyāpathesu pi kassaci caṅkamo sappāyo hoti, kassaci sayana-ṭṭhāna-nisajjānaṃ aññataro. Tasmā taṃ āvāsaṃ viya tīṇi divasāni upaparikkhitvā, yasmiṃ iriyāpathe asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhitaṃ vā thirataraṃ hoti, so sappāyo, itaro asappāyo ti veditabbo.

Iti imaṃ sattavidhaṃ asappāyaṃ vajjetvā sappāyaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Evaṃ paṭipannassa hi nimittâsevanabahulassa na ciren’eva kālena hoti kassaci appanā.

Dasavidhaappanākosallaṃ

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Yassa pana evam pi paṭipajjato na hoti, tena dasavidhaṃ appanākosallaṃ sampādetabbaṃ. Tatrâyaṃ nayo. Dasāh’ākārehi appanākosallaṃ icchitabbaṃ:

1. vatthuvisadakiriyato,
2. indriyasamatta-paṭipādanato,
3. nimittakusalato,
4. yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggahetabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggaṇhāti,
5. yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggahetabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggaṇhāti,
6. yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃsitabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃseti,
7. yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhitabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati,
8. asamāhitapuggala-parivajjanato,
9. samāhitapuggala-sevanato,
10. tadadhimuttato ti.

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43

Tattha vatthuvisadakiriyā nāma ajjhattika-bāhirānaṃ vatthūnaṃ visadabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Yadā hi’ssa kesa-nakha-lomāni dīghāni honti, sarīraṃ vā sedamalaggahitaṃ, tadā ajjhattikavatthu avisadaṃ hoti aparisuddhaṃ. Yadā pan’assa cīvaraṃ jiṇṇaṃ kiliṭṭhaṃ duggandhaṃ hoti, senāsanaṃ vā uklāpaṃ hoti, tadā bāhiravatthu avisadaṃ hoti aparisuddhaṃ. Ajjhattika-bāhire ca vatthumhi avisade uppannesu cittacetasikesu ñāṇam pi aparisuddhaṃ hoti, aparisuddhāni dīpakapallika-vaṭṭi-telāni nissāya uppanna-dīpasikhāya obhāso viya. Aparisuddhena ñāṇena saṅkhāre sammasato saṅkhārā pi avibhūtā honti, kammaṭṭhānam anuyuñjato kammaṭṭhānam pi vuḍḍhiṃ viruḷhiṃ vepullaṃ na gacchati.

44

Visade pana ajjhattika-bāhire vatthumhi uppannesu cittacetasikesu ñāṇam pi visadaṃ hoti parisuddhaṃ, parisuddhāni dīpakapallika-vaṭṭi-telāni nissāya uppanna-dīpasikhāya obhāso viya. Parisuddhena ca ñāṇena saṅkhāre sammasato saṅkhārā pi vibhūtā honti, kammaṭṭhānam anuyuñjato kammaṭṭhānam pi vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ gacchati.

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Indriyasamatta-paṭipādanaṃ nāma saddhâdīnaṃ indriyānaṃ samabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Sace hi’ssa saddhindriyaṃ balavaṃ hoti itarāni mandāni, tato vīriyindriyaṃ paggahakiccaṃ, satindriyaṃ upaṭṭhānakiccaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ avikkhepakiccaṃ, paññindriyaṃ dassanakiccaṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti. Tasmā taṃ dhammasabhāva-paccavekkhaṇena vā, yathā vā manasikaroto balavaṃ jātaṃ, tathā amanasikārena hāpetabbaṃ. Vakkalittheravatthu c’ettha nidassanaṃ.

46

Sace pana vīriyindriyaṃ balavaṃ hoti, atha n’eva saddhindriyaṃ adhimokkhakiccaṃ kātuṃ sakkoti, na itarāni itarakiccabhedaṃ. Tasmā taṃ passaddhâdi-bhāvanāya hāpetabbaṃ. Tatrâpi Soṇattheravatthu dassetabbaṃ. Evaṃ sesesu pi ekassa balavabhāve sati itaresaṃ attano kiccesu asamatthatā veditabbā.

47

Visesato pan’ettha saddhā-paññānaṃ samādhi-vīriyānañ ca samataṃ pasaṃsanti. Balavasaddho hi mandapañño muddhappasanno hoti, avatthusmiṃ pasīdati. Balavapañño mandasaddho kerāṭika-pakkhaṃ bhajati, bhesajja-samuṭṭhito viya rogo atekiccho hoti. Ubhinnaṃ samatāya vatthusmiṃ yeva pasīdati.

Balavasamādhiṃ pana mandavīriyaṃ, samādhissa kosajjapakkhattā, kosajjaṃ abhibhavati. Balavavīriyaṃ mandasamādhiṃ, vīriyassa uddhaccapakkhattā, uddhaccaṃ abhibhavati. Samādhi pana vīriyena saṃyojito kosajje patituṃ na labhati. vīriyaṃ samādhinā saṃyojitaṃ uddhacce patituṃ na labhati. Tasmā tad ubhayaṃ samaṃ kātabbaṃ. Ubhayasamatāya hi appanā hoti.

48

Api ca samādhikammikassa balavatī pi saddhā vaṭṭati. Evaṃ saddahanto okappento appanaṃ pāpuṇissati. Samādhi-paññāsu pana samādhikammikassa ekaggatā balavatī vaṭṭati. Evañ hi so appanaṃ pāpuṇāti. Vipassanākammikassa paññā balavatī vaṭṭati. Evañ hi so lakkhaṇa-paṭivedhaṃ pāpuṇāti. Ubhinnaṃ pana samatāya pi appanā hoti yeva.

49

Sati pana sabbattha balavatī vaṭṭati. Sati hi cittaṃ uddhacca-pakkhikānaṃ saddhā-vīriya-paññānaṃ vasena uddhacca-pātato, kosajja-pakkhena ca samādhinā kosajja-pātato rakkhati. Tasmā sā loṇadhūpanaṃ viya sabbabyañjanesu, sabbakammika-amacco viya ca sabbarājakiccesu, sabbattha icchitabbā. Ten’āha:

“Sati ca pana sabbatthikā vuttā Bhagavatā. Kiṃkāraṇā? Cittañ hi satipaṭisaraṇaṃ, ārakkhapaccupaṭṭhānā ca sati, na vinā satiyā cittassa paggaha-niggaho hotī” ti.

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Nimittakosallaṃ nāma pathavīkasiṇâdikassa cittekaggatā-nimittassa akatassa karaṇakosallaṃ, katassa ca bhāvanākosallaṃ, bhāvanāya laddhassa rakkhaṇakosallañ ca. Taṃ idha adhippetaṃ.

CST64

51

Kathañ ca yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggahetabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggaṇhāti? Yadā’ssa atisithilavīriyatâdīhi līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadā passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgâdayo tayo abhāvetvā dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgâdayo bhāveti. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Seyyathā pi, bhikkhave, puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletukāmo assa, so tattha allāni c’eva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya, allāni ca gomayāni pakkhipeyya, allāni ca kaṭṭhāni pakkhipeyya, udakavātañ ca dadeyya, paṃsukena ca okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so, bhikkhave, puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletun ti? No h’etaṃ, bhante. Evam eva kho, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, akālo tasmiṃ samaye passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, akālo samādhi…pe… akālo upekkhā-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Līnaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi dusamuṭṭhāpayaṃ hoti.

Yasmiṃ ca kho, bhikkhave, līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo vīriya-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo pīti-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Līnaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi susamuṭṭhāpayaṃ hoti. Seyyathā pi, bhikkhave, puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletukāmo assa, so tattha sukkhāni c’eva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya, sukkhāni ca gomayāni pakkhipeyya, sukkhāni ca kaṭṭhāni pakkhipeyya, mukhavātañ ca dadeyya, na ca paṃsukena okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so, bhikkhave, puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletun ti? Evaṃ bhante” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.234)

52

Ettha ca yathāsakam āhāravasena dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgâdīnaṃ bhāvanā veditabbā. Vuttañ h’etaṃ:

“Atthi, bhikkhave, kusalâkusalā dhammā sāvajjânavajjā dhammā hīnappaṇītā dhammā kaṇhasukka-sappaṭibhāgā dhammā, tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayam āhāro anuppannassa vā dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.232)

Tathā,

“Atthi, bhikkhave, ārambhadhātu nikkamadhātu parakkamadhātu, tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayam āhāro anuppannassa vā vīriya-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā vīriya-sambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.232)

Tathā,

“Atthi, bhikkhave, pīti-sambojjhaṅgaṭṭhāniyā dhammā, tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayam āhāro anuppannassa vā pīti-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā pīti-sambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.232)

53

Tattha sabhāva-sāmaññalakkhaṇa-paṭivedhavasena pavattamanasikāro kusalâdīsu yoniso manasikāro nāma. Ārambhadhātu-ādīnaṃ uppādanavasena pavattamanasikāro ārambhadhātu-ādīsu yoniso manasikāro nāma. Tattha ārambhadhātū ti paṭhamavīriyaṃ vuccati, nikkamadhātū ti kosajjato nikkhantattā tato balavataraṃ, parakkamadhātū ti paraṃ paraṃ ṭhānaṃ akkamanato tato pi balavataraṃ. Pīti-sambojjhaṅgaṭṭhāniyā dhammā ti pana pītiyā eva etaṃ nāmaṃ, tassâpi uppādakamanasikāro va yoniso manasikāro nāma.

54

Api ca satta dhammā dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti:

1. paripucchakatā,
2. vatthuvisadakiriyā,
3. indriyasamatta-paṭipādanā,
4. duppaññapuggala-parivajjanā,
5. paññavantapuggala-sevanā,
6. gambhīrañāṇacariya-paccavekkhaṇā,
7. tadadhimuttatā ti.

55

Ekādasa dhammā vīriya-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti:

1. apāyâdibhaya-paccavekkhaṇatā,
2. vīriyâyatta-lokiyalokuttara-visesâdhigamânisaṃsa-dassitā,
3. buddha-paccekabuddha-mahāsāvakehi gatamaggo mayā gantabbo, so ca na sakkā kusītena gantun ti evaṃ gamanavīthi-paccavekkhaṇatā,
4. dāyakānaṃ mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena piṇḍâpacāyanatā,
5. vīriyârambhassa vaṇṇavādī me satthā, so ca anatikkamanīya-sāsano, amhākañ ca bahûpakāro, paṭipattiyā ca pūjiyamāno pūjito hoti, na itarathā ti evaṃ satthu-mahatta-paccavekkhaṇatā,
6. saddhammasaṅkhātaṃ me mahādāyajjaṃ gahetabbaṃ, tañ ca na sakkā kusītena gahetun ti evaṃ dāyajja-mahatta-paccavekkhaṇatā,
7. ālokasaññāmanasikāra-iriyāpathaparivattana-abbhokāsasevanâdīhi thinamiddha-vinodanatā,
8. kusītapuggala-parivajjanatā,
9. āraddhavīriyapuggala-sevanatā,
10. sammappadhāna-paccavekkhaṇatā,
11. tadadhimuttatā ti.

56

Ekādasa dhammā pīti-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti:

1. buddhânussati,
2. dhamma…
3. saṅgha…
4. sīla…
5. cāga…
6. devatânussati,
7. upasamânussati,
8. lūkhapuggala-parivajjanatā,
9. siniddhapuggala-sevanatā,
10. pasādaniya-suttanta-paccavekkhaṇatā,
11. tadadhimuttatā ti.

Iti imehi ākārehi ete dhamme uppādento dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgâdayo bhāveti nāma. Evaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggahetabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggaṇhāti.

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Kathaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggahetabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggaṇhāti? Yadā’ssa accāraddhavīriyatâdīhi uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadā dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgādayo tayo abhāvetvā passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgâdayo bhāveti. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Seyyathā pi, bhikkhave, puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetukāmo assa, so tattha sukkhāni c’eva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya…pe… na ca paṃsukena okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so, bhikkhave, puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetun ti? No h’etaṃ, bhante. Evam eva kho, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, akālo tasmiṃ samaye dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, akālo vīriya…pe… akālo pīti-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Uddhataṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi duvūpasamayaṃ hoti.

Yasmiṃ ca kho, bhikkhave, samaye uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo samādhi-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo upekkhā-sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Uddhataṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi suvūpasamayaṃ hoti. Seyyathā pi, bhikkhave, puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetukāmo assa, so tattha allāni c’eva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya…pe… paṃsukena ca okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so, bhikkhave, puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetun ti? Evaṃ, bhante” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.234)

58

Etthâpi yathāsakaṃ āhāravasena passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgâdīnaṃ bhāvanā veditabbā. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Atthi, bhikkhave, kāyapassaddhi cittapassaddhi, tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayam āhāro anuppannassa vā passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.232)

Tathā,

“Atthi, bhikkhave, samathanimittaṃ abyagganimittaṃ, tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayam āhāro anuppannassa vā samādhi-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā samādhi-sambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.232)

Tathā,

“Atthi, bhikkhave, upekkhā-sambojjhaṅgaṭṭhāniyā dhammā, tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayam āhāro anuppannassa vā upekkhā-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya, uppannassa vā upekkhā-sambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.232)

59

Tattha yathā’ssa passaddhi-ādayo uppannapubbā, taṃ ākāraṃ sallakkhetvā tesaṃ uppādanavasena pavattamanasikāro va tīsu pi padesu yoniso manasikāro nāma. Samathanimittan ti ca samathass’ev’etam adhivacanaṃ, avikkhepaṭṭhena ca tass’eva abyagganimittan ti.

60

Api ca satta dhammā passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti:

1. paṇītabhojana-sevanatā,
2. utusukha-sevanatā,
3. iriyāpathasukha-sevanatā,
4. majjhatta-payogatā,
5. sāraddhakāyapuggala-parivajjanatā,
6. passaddhakāyapuggala-sevanatā,
7. tadadhimuttatā ti.

61

Ekādasa dhammā samādhi-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti:

1. vatthuvisadatā,
2. nimittakusalatā,
3. indriyasamatta-paṭipādanatā,
4. samaye cittassa niggahaṇatā,
5. samaye cittassa paggahaṇatā,
6. nirassādassa cittassa saddhāsaṃvegavasena sampahaṃsanatā,
7. sammāpavattassa ajjhupekkhanatā,
8. asamāhitapuggala-parivajjanatā,
9. samāhitapuggala-sevanatā,
10. jhānavimokkha-paccavekkhaṇatā,
11. tadadhimuttatā ti.

62

Pañca dhammā upekkhā-sambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti:

1. satta-majjhattatā,
2. saṅkhāra-majjhattatā,
3. sattasaṅkhāra-kelāyana-puggala-parivajjanatā,
4. sattasaṅkhāra-majjhatta-puggala-sevanatā,
5. tadadhimuttatā ti.

Iti imeh’ākārehi ete dhamme uppādento passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgâdayo bhāveti nāma. Evaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggahetabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggaṇhāti.

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Kathaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃsitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃseti? Yadā’ssa paññāpayoga-mandatāya vā upasamasukhânadhigamena vā nirassādaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadā naṃ aṭṭhasaṃvegavatthu-paccavekkhaṇena saṃvejeti. Aṭṭha saṃvegavatthūni nāma: jāti-jarā-byādhi-maraṇāni cattāri, apāyadukkhaṃ pañcamaṃ, atīte vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, anāgate vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, paccuppanne āhārapariyeṭṭhimūlakaṃ dukkhan ti. Buddha-dhamma-saṅgha-guṇânussaraṇena c’assa pasādaṃ janeti. Evaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃsitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃseti.

64

Kathaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati? Yadā’ssa evaṃ paṭipajjato alīnaṃ anuddhataṃ anirassādaṃ ārammaṇe samappavattaṃ samathavīthipaṭipannaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadā’ssa paggaha-niggaha-sampahaṃsanesu na byāpāraṃ āpajjati, sārathi viya samappavattesu assesu. Evaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati.

65

Asamāhitapuggala-parivajjanatā nāma nekkhammapaṭipadaṃ anāruḷhapubbānaṃ anekakiccapasutānaṃ vikkhittahadayānaṃ puggalānaṃ ārakā pariccāgo. Samāhitapuggala-sevanatā nāma nekkhammapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannānaṃ samādhilābhīnaṃ puggalānaṃ kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamanaṃ. Tadadhimuttatā nāma samādhi-adhimuttatā samādhigaru-samādhininna-samādhipoṇa-samādhipabbhāratā ti attho. Evam etaṃ dasavidhaṃ appanākosallaṃ sampādetabbaṃ.

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Evañ hi sampādayato appanākosallaṃ imaṃ,
paṭiladdhe nimittasmiṃ appanā sampavattati.

Evañ hi paṭipannassa sace sā nappavattati,
tathā pi na jahe yogaṃ, vāyameth’eva paṇḍito.

Hitvā hi sammāvāyāmaṃ visesaṃ nāma māṇavo
adhigacche parittam pi, ṭhānam etaṃ na vijjati.

Cittappavatti-ākāraṃ tasmā sallakkhayaṃ budho,
samataṃ vīriyass’eva yojayetha punappunaṃ.

Īsakam pi layaṃ yantaṃ paggaṇheth’eva mānasaṃ,
accāraddhaṃ nisedhetvā samam eva pavattaye.

Reṇumhi uppaladale sutte nāvāya nāḷiyā
yathā madhukarâdīnaṃ pavatti sammavaṇṇitā,

Līna-uddhatabhāvehi mocayitvāna sabbaso,
evaṃ nimittâbhimukhaṃ mānasaṃ paṭipādaye ti.

Nimittābhimukhapaṭipādanaṃ

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Tatrâyam atthadīpanā. Yathā hi acheko¹⁰ madhukaro asukasmiṃ rukkhe pupphaṃ pupphitan ti ñatvā tikkhena vegena pakkhando¹¹ taṃ atikkamitvā paṭinivattento khīṇe reṇumhi sampāpuṇāti, aparo acheko mandena javena pakkhando khīṇe yeva sampāpuṇāti, cheko pana samena javena pakkhando sukhena puppharāsiṃ sampatvā yāvadicchakaṃ reṇuṃ ādāya madhuṃ sampādetvā madhurasam anubhavati.

68

Yathā ca sallakatta-antevāsikesu udakathālagate uppalapatte satthakammaṃ sikkhantesu, eko acheko vegena satthaṃ pātento uppalapattaṃ dvidhā vā chindati, udake vā paveseti, aparo acheko chijjanapavesanabhayā satthakena phusitum pi na visahati, cheko pana samena payogena tattha satthapahāraṃ dassetvā pariyodātasippo hutvā tathārūpesu ṭhānesu kammaṃ katvā lābhaṃ labhati.

69

Yathā ca, yo catubyāmappamāṇaṃ makkaṭasuttam āharati, so cattāri sahassāni labhatī ti raññā vutte, eko achekapuriso vegena makkaṭasuttam ākaḍḍhanto tahiṃ tahiṃ chindati yeva, aparo acheko chedanabhayā hatthena phusitum pi na visahati, cheko pana koṭito paṭṭhāya samena payogena daṇḍake vedhetvā¹² āharitvā lābhaṃ labhati.

70

Yathā ca acheko niyāmako balavavāte laṅkāraṃ pūrento nāvaṃ videsaṃ pakkhandāpeti, aparo acheko mandavāte laṅkāraṃ oropento nāvaṃ tatth’eva ṭhapeti, cheko pana mandavāte laṅkāraṃ pūretvā balavavāte aḍḍhalaṅkāraṃ katvā sotthinā icchitaṭṭhānaṃ pāpuṇāti.

71

Yathā ca, yo telena achaḍḍento nāḷiṃ pūreti, so lābhaṃ labhatī ti ācariyena antevāsikānaṃ vutte, eko acheko lābhaluddho vegena pūrento telaṃ chaḍḍeti, aparo acheko telachaḍḍanabhayā āsiñcitum pi na visahati, cheko pana samena payogena pūretvā lābhaṃ labhati.

72

Evam eva eko bhikkhu uppanne nimitte, sīgham eva appanaṃ pāpuṇissāmī ti gāḷhaṃ vīriyaṃ karoti, tassa cittaṃ accāraddhavīriyattā uddhacce patati, so na sakkoti appanaṃ pāpuṇituṃ. Eko accāraddhavīriyatāya dosaṃ disvā, kiṃ dāni me appanāyā ti vīriyaṃ hāpeti, tassa cittaṃ atilīnavīriyattā kosajje patati, so pi na sakkoti appanaṃ pāpuṇituṃ. Yo pana īsakam pi līnaṃ līnabhāvato uddhataṃ uddhaccato mocetvā samena payogena nimittâbhimukhaṃ pavatteti, so appanaṃ pāpuṇāti. Tādisena bhavitabbaṃ.

73

Imam atthaṃ sandhāya etaṃ vuttaṃ:

Reṇumhi uppaladale sutte nāvāya nāḷiyā
yathā madhukarâdīnaṃ pavatti sammavaṇṇitā,

Līna-uddhatabhāvehi mocayitvāna sabbaso,
evaṃ nimittâbhimukhaṃ mānasaṃ paṭipādaye ti.

Paṭhamajjhānakathā

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Iti evaṃ nimittâbhimukhaṃ mānasaṃ paṭipādayato pan’assa, idāni appanā ijjhissatī ti bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā, pathavī pathavī ti anuyogavasena upaṭṭhitaṃ tad eva pathavīkasiṇaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārâvajjanam uppajjati, tato tasmiṃ yev’ārammaṇe cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti, tesu avasāne ekaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ, sesāni kāmāvacarāni. Pakaticittehi balavatara-vitakka-vicāra-pīti-sukha-cittekaggatāni yāni appanāya parikammattā parikammānī ti pi, yathā gāmâdīnaṃ āsannapadeso gāmûpacāro nagarūûpacāro ti vuccati, evaṃ appanāya āsannattā samīpacārattā vā upacārānī ti pi, ito pubbe parikammānaṃ, upari appanāya ca anulomato anulomānī ti pi vuccanti. Yañ c’ettha sabbantimaṃ, taṃ paritta-gottâbhibhavanato mahaggata-gottabhāvanato ca gotrabhū ti pi vuccati.

75

Agahitaggahaṇena pan’ettha paṭhamaṃ parikammaṃ, dutiyaṃ upacāraṃ, tatiyaṃ anulomaṃ, catutthaṃ gotrabhu, paṭhamaṃ vā upacāraṃ, dutiyaṃ anulomaṃ, tatiyaṃ gotrabhu, catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ vā appanācittaṃ. Catuttham eva hi pañcamaṃ vā appeti, tañ ca kho khippâbhiñña-dandhâbhiññavasena. Tato paraṃ javanaṃ patati, bhavaṅgassa vāro hoti.

76

Ābhidhammika-Godattatthero pana:

“Purimā purimā kusalā dhammā pacchimānaṃ pacchimānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ āsevanapaccayena paccayo ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.12) imaṃ suttaṃ vatvā, āsevanapaccayena pacchimo pacchimo dhammo balavā hoti, tasmā chaṭṭhe pi sattame pi appanā hotī” ti

āha, taṃ Aṭṭhakathāsu “attano matimattaṃ therass’etan” ti vatvā paṭikkhittaṃ.

77

Catuttha-pañcamesu yeva pana appanā hoti, parato javanaṃ patitaṃ nāma hoti, bhavaṅgassa āsannattā ti vuttaṃ. Tam eva vicāretvā vuttattā na sakkā paṭikkhipituṃ. Yathā hi puriso chinnapapātâbhimukho dhāvanto ṭhātukāmo pi pariyante pādaṃ katvā ṭhātuṃ na sakkoti, papāte eva patati, evaṃ chaṭṭhe vā sattame vā appetuṃ na sakkoti, bhavaṅgassa āsannattā. Tasmā catuttha-pañcamesu yeva appanā hotī ti veditabbā.

78

Sā ca pana ekacittakkhaṇikā yeva. Sattasu hi ṭhānesu addhānaparicchedo nāma natthi:

1. paṭhamappanāyaṃ,
2. lokiyâbhiññāsu,
3. catūsu maggesu,
4. maggânantaraphale,
5. rūpârūpabhavesu bhavaṅgajjhāne,
6. nirodhassa paccaye nevasaññanâsaññâyatane,
7. nirodhā vuṭṭhahantassa phalasamāpattiyan ti.

Ettha maggânantaraphalaṃ tiṇṇaṃ upari na hoti. Nirodhassa paccayo nevasaññanâsaññâyatanaṃ dvinnam upari na hoti. Rūpârūpesu bhavaṅgassa parimāṇaṃ natthi. Sesaṭṭhānesu ekam eva cittan ti. Iti ekacittakkhaṇikā yeva appanā, tato bhavaṅgapāto. Atha bhavaṅgaṃ vocchinditvā¹³ jhāna-paccavekkhaṇatthāya āvajjanaṃ, tato jhāna-paccavekkhaṇan ti.

79

Ettāvatā ca pan’esa:

“Vivicc’eva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati”. (dha. sa. 160; dī. ni. 1.226)

Evam anena pañcaṅga-vippahīnaṃ pañcaṅga-samannāgataṃ tividha-kalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇa-sampannaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇaṃ.

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Tattha vivicc’eva kāmehī ti kāmehi viviccitvā vinā hutvā apakkamitvā. Yo panâyam ettha eva-kāro, so niyamattho ti veditabbo. Yasmā ca niyamattho, tasmā tasmiṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇa-samaye avijjamānānam pi kāmānaṃ tassa paṭhamajjhānassa paṭipakkhabhāvaṃ kāmapariccāgen’eva c’assa adhigamaṃ dīpeti.

81

Kathaṃ? “Vivicc’eva kāmehī” ti evañ hi niyame kariyamāne idaṃ paññāyati: nūna jhānassa kāmā paṭipakkhabhūtā, yesu sati idaṃ nappavattati, andhakāre sati padīpobhāso viya, tesaṃ pariccāgen’eva c’assa adhigamo hoti, orimatīrapariccāgena pārimatīrass’eva, tasmā niyamaṃ karotī ti.

82

Tattha siyā: kasmā pan’esa pubbapade yeva vutto, na uttarapade? kiṃ akusalehi dhammehi aviviccâpi jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyyā ti? Na kho pan’etaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Taṃnissaraṇato hi pubbapade esa vutto. Kāmadhātu-samatikkamanato hi kāmarāga-paṭipakkhato ca idaṃ jhānaṃ kāmānam eva nissaraṇaṃ. Yath’āha:

“Kāmānam etaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yad idaṃ nekkhamman” ti. (dī. ni. 3.353)

Uttarapade pi pana yathā:

“Idh’eva, bhikkhave, samaṇo, idha dutiyo samaṇo” ti (ma. ni. 1.139; a. ni. 4.241)

ettha eva-kāro ānetvā vuccati, evaṃ vattabbo. Na hi sakkā ito aññehi pi nīvaraṇa-saṅkhātehi akusaladhammehi avivicca jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ, tasmā

“Vivicc’eva kāmehi vivicc’eva akusalehi dhammehī” ti

evaṃ padadvaye pi esa daṭṭhabbo. Padadvaye pi ca kiñcâpi viviccā ti iminā sādhāraṇavacanena tadaṅgavivekâdayo kāyavivekâdayo ca sabbe pi vivekā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti, tathā pi kāyaviveko cittaviveko vikkhambhanaviveko ti tayo eva idha daṭṭhabbā.

83

Kāmehī ti iminā pana padena ye ca Niddese,

“Katame vatthukāmā? Manāpiyā rūpā” ti (mahāni. 1)

ādinā nayena vatthukāmā vuttā, ye ca tatth’eva Vibhaṅge ca

“Chando kāmo, rāgo kāmo, chandarāgo kāmo, saṅkappo kāmo, rāgo kāmo, saṅkapparāgo kāmo, ime vuccanti kāmā” ti (mahāni. 1; vibha. 564)

evaṃ kilesakāmā vuttā, te sabbe pi saṅgahitā icc eva daṭṭhabbā. Evañ hi sati, vivicc’eva kāmehī ti vatthukāmehi pi vivicc’evā ti attho yujjati, tena kāyaviveko vutto hoti. Vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti kilesakāmehi sabbâkusalehi vā viviccā ti attho yujjati, tena cittaviveko vutto hoti. Purimena c’ettha vatthukāmehi vivekavacanato eva kāmasukhapariccāgo, dutiyena kilesakāmehi vivekavacanato nekkhammasukhapariggaho vibhāvito hoti.

84

Evaṃ vatthukāma-kilesakāma-vivekavacanato yeva ca etesaṃ paṭhamena saṃkilesavatthuppahānaṃ, dutiyena saṃkilesappahānaṃ, paṭhamena lolabhāvassa hetupariccāgo, dutiyena bālabhāvassa, paṭhamena ca payogasuddhi, dutiyena āsayaposanaṃ vibhāvitaṃ hotī ti viññātabbaṃ. Esa tāva nayo kāmehī ti ettha vuttakāmesu vatthukāmapakkhe.

85

Kilesakāmapakkhe pana chando ti ca rāgo ti ca evamādīhi anekabhedo kāmacchando yeva kāmo ti adhippeto. So ca akusalapariyāpanno pi samāno,

“Tattha katamo kāmo? Chando kāmo” ti (vibha. 564)

ādinā nayena Vibhaṅge jhānapaṭipakkhato visuṃ vutto. Kilesakāmattā vā purimapade vutto, akusalapariyāpannattā dutiyapade. Anekabhedato c’assa kāmato ti avatvā kāmehī ti vuttaṃ.

86

Aññesam pi ca dhammānaṃ akusalabhāve vijjamāne,

“Tattha katame akusalā dhammā? Kāmacchando” ti

ādinā nayena Vibhaṅge upari jhānaṅgānaṃ paccanīka-paṭipakkha-bhāva-dassanato nīvaraṇān’eva vuttāni. Nīvaraṇāni hi jhānaṅgapaccanīkāni, tesaṃ jhānaṅgān’eva paṭipakkhāni viddhaṃsakāni vighātakānī ti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi,

“Samādhi kāmacchandassa paṭipakkho, pīti byāpādassa, vitakko thinamiddhassa, sukhaṃ uddhaccakukkuccassa, vicāro vicikicchāyā” ti

Peṭake vuttaṃ.

87

Evam ettha vivicc’eva kāmehī ti iminā kāmacchandassa vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hoti, vivicca akusalehi dhammehī ti iminā pañcannam pi nīvaraṇānaṃ, agahitaggahaṇena pana paṭhamena kāmacchandassa, dutiyena sesanīvaraṇānaṃ, tathā paṭhamena tīsu akusalamūlesu pañcakāmaguṇa-bheda-visayassa lobhassa, dutiyena āghātavatthu-bhedâdi-visayānaṃ dosa-mohānaṃ.

Oghâdīsu vā dhammesu paṭhamena kāmogha-kāmayoga-kāmâsava-kāmupādāna-abhijjhākāyagantha-kāmarāgasaṃyojanānaṃ, dutiyena avasesa-ogha-yogâsava-upādāna-gantha-saṃyojanānaṃ.

Paṭhamena ca taṇhāya taṃsampayuttakānañ ca, dutiyena avijjāya taṃsampayuttakānañ ca. Api ca paṭhamena lobhasampayuttānaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ cittuppādānaṃ, dutiyena sesānaṃ catunnaṃ akusalacittuppādānaṃ vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hotī ti veditabbo. Ayaṃ tāva vivicc’eva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehī ti ettha atthappakāsanā.

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Ettāvatā ca paṭhamassa jhānassa pahānaṅgaṃ dassetvā idāni sampayogaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ savitakkaṃ savicāran ti ādi vuttaṃ. Tattha vitakkanaṃ vitakko, ūhanan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Svâyaṃ ārammaṇe cittassa abhiniropana-lakkhaṇo, āhanana-pariyāhanana-raso, — tathā hi tena yogâvacaro ārammaṇaṃ vitakkâhataṃ vitakkapariyâhataṃ karotī ti vuccati, — ārammaṇe cittassa ānayana-paccupaṭṭhāno.

Vicaraṇaṃ vicāro, anusañcaraṇan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Svâyaṃ ārammaṇânumajjana-lakkhaṇo, tattha sahajātânuyojana-raso, cittassa anuppabandhana-paccupaṭṭhāno.

89

Sante pi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge, oḷārikaṭṭhena pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena ca ghaṇḍâbhighāto¹⁴ viya cetaso paṭhamâbhinipāto vitakko, sukhumaṭṭhena anumajjana-sabhāvena ca ghaṇḍânuravo viya anuppabandho vicāro. Vipphāravā c’ettha vitakko, paṭhamuppattikāle paripphandanabhūto cittassa, ākāse uppatitukāmassa pakkhino pakkhavikkhepo viya, padumâbhimukhapāto viya ca gandhânubandhacetaso bhamarassa, santavutti vicāro nâtiparipphandanabhāvo cittassa, ākāse uppatitassa pakkhino pakkhappasāraṇaṃ viya, paribbhamanaṃ viya ca padumâbhimukhapatitassa bhamarassa padumassa uparibhāge.

90

Dukanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana,

“Ākāse gacchato mahāsakuṇassa ubhohi pakkhehi vātaṃ gahetvā pakkhe sannisīdāpetvā gamanaṃ viya ārammaṇe cetaso abhiniropanabhāvena pavatto vitakko, vātaggahaṇatthaṃ pakkhe phandāpayamānassa gamanaṃ viya anumajjana-bhāvena¹⁵ pavatto vicāro” ti

vuttaṃ, taṃ anuppabandhena pavattiyaṃ yujjati. So pana nesaṃ viseso paṭhama-dutiya-jjhānesu pākaṭo hoti.

91

Api ca malaggahitaṃ kaṃsabhājanaṃ ekena hatthena daḷhaṃ gahetvā itarena hatthena cuṇṇatelavālaṇḍupakena parimajjantassa daḷhagahaṇahattho viya vitakko, parimajjanahattho viya vicāro. Tathā kumbhakārassa daṇḍappahārena cakkaṃ bhamayitvā bhājanaṃ karontassa uppīḷanahattho viya vitakko, ito c’ito ca sañcaraṇahattho viya vicāro. Tathā maṇḍalaṃ karontassa majjhe sannirumbhitvā ṭhitakaṇṭako viya abhiniropano vitakko, bahi paribbhamanakaṇṭako viya anumajjano vicāro.

92

Iti iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena saha vattati, rukkho viya pupphena phalena cā ti idaṃ jhānaṃ “savitakkaṃ savicāran” ti vuccati. Vibhaṅge pana,

“Iminā ca vitakkena, iminā ca vicārena upeto hoti samupeto” ti (vibha. 565)

ādinā nayena puggalâdhiṭṭhānā desanā katā, attho pana tatrâpi evam eva daṭṭhabbo.

93

Vivekajan ti ettha vivitti viveko, nīvaraṇavigamo ti attho. Vivitto ti vā viveko, nīvaraṇavivitto jhānasampayuttadhammarāsī ti attho. Tasmā vivekā, tasmiṃ vā viveke jātan ti vivekajaṃ.

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Pītisukhan ti ettha pīṇayatī ti pīti. Sā sampiyāyana-lakkhaṇā, kāyacittapīnana-rasā, pharaṇa-rasā vā, odagya-paccupaṭṭhānā. Sā pan’esā khuddikā pīti, khaṇikā pīti, okkantikā pīti, ubbegā pīti, pharaṇā pītī ti pañcavidhā hoti. Tattha khuddikā pīti sarīre lomahaṃsamattam eva kātuṃ sakkoti. Khaṇikā pīti khaṇe khaṇe vijjuppādasadisā hoti. Okkantikā pīti samuddatīraṃ vīci viya kāyaṃ okkamitvā okkamitvā bhijjati. Ubbegā pīti balavatī hoti, kāyaṃ uddhaggaṃ katvā ākāse laṅghāpanappamāṇappattā.

95

Tathā hi Puṇṇavallikavāsī Mahātissatthero puṇṇamadivase sāyaṃ cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ gantvā candâlokaṃ disvā Mahācetiyâbhimukho hutvā “imāya vata velāya catasso parisā Mahācetiyaṃ vandantī” ti pakatiyā diṭṭhârammaṇavasena Buddhârammaṇaṃ ubbegāpītiṃ uppādetvā sudhātale pahaṭacitrageṇḍuko viya ākāse uppatitvā Mahācetiyaṅgaṇe yeva patiṭṭhāsi.

96

Tathā Girikaṇḍakavihārassa upanissaye Vattakālakagāme ekā kuladhītā pi balavabuddhârammaṇāya ubbegāpītiyā ākāse laṅghesi. Tassā kira mātāpitaro sāyaṃ dhammassavanatthāya vihāraṃ gacchantā “amma, tvaṃ garubhārā akāle vicarituṃ na sakkosi, mayaṃ tuyhaṃ pattiṃ katvā dhammaṃ sossāmā” ti agamaṃsu. Sā gantukāmā pi tesaṃ vacanaṃ paṭibāhituṃ asakkontī ghare ohīyitvā gharâjire ṭhatvā candâlokena Girikaṇḍake ākāsacetiyaṅgaṇaṃ olokentī cetiyassa dīpapūjaṃ addasa, catasso ca parisā mālāgandhâdīhi cetiyapūjaṃ katvā padakkhiṇaṃ karontiyo, bhikkhusaṅghassa ca gaṇasajjhāyasaddaṃ assosi. Ath’assā “dhaññā vat’ime, ye vihāraṃ gantvā evarūpe cetiyaṅgaṇe anusañcarituṃ, evarūpañ ca madhuradhammakathaṃ sotuṃ labhantī” ti muttarāsisadisaṃ cetiyaṃ passantiyā eva ubbegā pīti udapādi. Sā ākāse laṅghitvā mātāpitūnaṃ purimataraṃ yeva ākāsato cetiyaṅgaṇe oruyha cetiyaṃ vanditvā dhammaṃ suṇamānā aṭṭhāsi.

97

Atha naṃ mātāpitaro āgantvā “amma, tvaṃ katarena maggena āgatā’sī” ti pucchiṃsu. Sā “ākāsena āgatā’mhi, na maggenā” ti vatvā, “amma, ākāsena nāma khīṇāsavā sañcaranti, tvaṃ kathaṃ āgatā” ti vuttā āha: “mayhaṃ candâlokena cetiyaṃ ālokentiyā ṭhitāya Buddhârammaṇā balavapīti uppajji, athâhaṃ n’eva attano ṭhitabhāvaṃ, na nisinnabhāvaṃ aññāsiṃ, gahitanimitten’eva pana ākāse laṅghitvā cetiyaṅgaṇe patiṭṭhitā’mhī” ti. Evaṃ ubbegā pīti ākāse laṅghāpanappamāṇā hoti.

98

Pharaṇāpītiyā pana uppannāya sakalasarīraṃ dhamitvā pūritavatthi viya, mahatā udakoghena pakkhanda-pabbatakucchi viya ca, anuparipphuṭaṃ hoti.

99

Sā pan’esā pañcavidhā pīti gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī paripākaṃ gacchantī duvidhaṃ passaddhiṃ paripūreti, kāyapassaddhiñ ca cittapassaddhiñ ca. Passaddhi gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī paripākaṃ gacchantī duvidham pi sukhaṃ paripūreti, kāyikañ ca cetasikañ ca. Sukhaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhantaṃ paripākaṃ gacchantaṃ tividhaṃ samādhiṃ paripūreti, khaṇikasamādhiṃ upacārasamādhiṃ appanā samādhin ti. Tāsu yā appanāsamādhissa mūlaṃ hutvā vaḍḍhamānā samādhisampayogaṃ gatā pharaṇā pīti, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā pītī ti.

CST73

100

Itaraṃ pana sukhanaṃ sukhaṃ, suṭṭhu vā khādati khanati ca kāyacittâbādhan ti sukhaṃ. Taṃ sāta-lakkhaṇaṃ, sampayuttānaṃ upabrūhana-rasaṃ, anuggaha-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ.

Sati pi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge iṭṭhârammaṇa-paṭilābhatuṭṭhi pīti, paṭiladdha-rasânubhavanaṃ sukhaṃ. Yattha pīti, tattha sukhaṃ, yattha sukhaṃ, tattha na niyamato pīti. Saṅkhārakkhandha-saṅgahitā pīti, vedanākkhandha-saṅgahitaṃ sukhaṃ. Kantārakhinnassa vanantudaka-dassana-savanesu viya pīti, vanacchāyāpavesana-udakaparibhogesu viya sukhaṃ. Tasmiṃ tasmiṃ samaye pākaṭabhāvato c’etaṃ vuttan ti veditabbaṃ.

101

Iti ayañ ca pīti idañ ca sukhaṃ assa jhānassa, asmiṃ vā jhāne atthī ti idaṃ jhānaṃ pītisukhan ti vuccati. Atha vā pīti ca sukhañ ca pītisukhaṃ, dhammavinayâdayo viya. Vivekajaṃ pītisukham assa jhānassa, asmiṃ vā jhāne atthī ti evam pi vivekajaṃ-pītisukhaṃ. Yath’eva hi jhānaṃ, evaṃ pītisukham p’ettha vivekajam eva hoti, tañ c’assa atthi, tasmā ekapaden’eva “vivekajaṃ-pītisukhan” ti pi vattuṃ yujjati. Vibhaṅge pana,

“Idaṃ sukhaṃ imāya pītiyā sahagatan” ti (vibha. 567)

ādinā nayena vuttaṃ, attho pana tatthâpi evam eva daṭṭhabbo.

102

Paṭhamaṃ jhānan ti idaṃ parato āvibhavissati. (IV.119) Upasampajjā ti upagantvā, pāpuṇitvā ti vuttaṃ hoti, upasampādayitvā vā, nipphādetvā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Vibhaṅge pana,

“Upasampajjā ti paṭhamassa jhānassa lābho paṭilābho patti sampatti phusanā sacchikiriyā upasampadā” ti

vuttaṃ, tassâpi evam ev’attho daṭṭhabbo.

103

Viharatī ti tadanurūpena iriyāpathavihārena itivuttappakāra-jhānasamaṅgī hutvā attabhāvassa iriyaṃ vuttiṃ pālanaṃ yapanaṃ yāpanaṃ cāraṃ vihāraṃ abhinipphādeti. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Vibhaṅge:

“Viharatī ti iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti carati viharati, tena vuccati viharatī” ti. (vibha. 540)

Pañcaṅgavippahīnādi

CST74

104

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ “pañcaṅga-vippahīnaṃ pañcaṅga-samannāgatan” ti, tattha kāmacchando, byāpādo, thinamiddhaṃ, uddhaccakukkuccaṃ, vicikicchā ti imesaṃ pañcannaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ pahānavasena pañcaṅga-vippahīnatā veditabbā. Na hi etesu appahīnesu jhānaṃ uppajjati, ten’ass’etāni pahānaṅgānī ti vuccanti. Kiñcâpi hi jhānakkhaṇe aññe pi akusalā dhammā pahīyanti, tathā pi etān’eva visesena jhānantarāyakarāni.

105

Kāmacchandena hi nānāvisayappalobhitaṃ cittaṃ na ekattârammaṇe samādhiyati, kāmacchandâbhibhūtaṃ vā taṃ na kāmadhātuppahānāya paṭipadaṃ paṭipajjati. Byāpādena c’ārammaṇe paṭihaññamānaṃ na nirantaraṃ pavattati. Thinamiddhâbhibhūtaṃ akammaññaṃ hoti. Uddhaccakukkuccaparetaṃ avūpasantam eva hutvā paribbhamati. Vicikicchāya upahataṃ jhānâdhigamasādhikaṃ paṭipadaṃ nârohati. Iti visesena jhānantarāyakarattā etān’eva pahānaṅgānī ti vuttānī ti.

106

Yasmā pana vitakko ārammaṇe cittaṃ abhiniropeti, vicāro anuppabandhati, tehi avikkhepāya sampāditappayogassa cetaso payogasampattisambhavā pīti pīṇanaṃ, sukhañ ca upabrūhanaṃ karoti, atha naṃ sasesa-sampayutta-dhammaṃ etehi abhiniropanânuppabandhana-pīṇana-upabrūhanehi anuggahitā ekaggatā ekattârammaṇe samaṃ sammā ca ādhiyati, tasmā vitakko vicāro pīti sukhaṃ cittekaggatā ti imesaṃ pañcannaṃ uppattivasena pañcaṅga-samannāgatatā veditabbā.

107

Uppannesu hi etesu pañcasu jhānaṃ uppannaṃ nāma hoti, ten’assa etāni pañca samannāgataṅgānī ti vuccanti. Tasmā na etehi samannāgataṃ aññad eva jhānaṃ nāma atthī ti gahetabbaṃ. Yathā pana aṅgamattavasen’eva caturaṅginī senā, pañcaṅgikaṃ tūriyaṃ, aṭṭhaṅgiko ca maggo ti vuccati, evam idam pi aṅgamattavasen’eva pañcaṅgikan ti vā pañcaṅga-samannāgatan ti vā vuccatī ti veditabbaṃ.

108

Etāni ca pañcaṅgāni kiñcâpi upacārakkhaṇe pi atthi, atha kho upacāre pakaticittato balavatarāni, idha pana upacārato pi balavatarāni rūpāvacara-lakkhaṇa-ppattāni. Ettha hi vitakko suvisadena ākārena ārammaṇe cittaṃ abhiniropayamāno uppajjati, vicāro ativiya ārammaṇaṃ anumajjamāno, pītisukhaṃ sabbāvantam pi kāyaṃ pharamānaṃ, ten’ev’āha:

“Nâssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa vivekajena pītisukhena apphuṭaṃ hotī” ti (dī. ni. 1.228)

cittekaggatā pi heṭṭhimamhi samuggapaṭale uparimaṃ samuggapaṭalaṃ viya, ārammaṇesu phusitā¹⁶ hutvā uppajjati. Ayam etesaṃ itarehi viseso.

109

Tattha cittekaggatā kiñcâpi “savitakkaṃ savicāran” ti imasmiṃ pāṭhe na niddiṭṭhā, tathā pi Vibhaṅge,

“Jhānan ti vitakko vicāro pīti sukhaṃ cittass’ekaggatā” ti (vibha. 569)

evaṃ vuttattā aṅgam eva. Yena hi adhippāyena Bhagavatā uddeso kato, so yeva tena Vibhaṅge pakāsito ti.

Tividhakalyāṇaṃ

CST75

110

Tividha-kalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇa-sampannan ti ettha pana ādi-majjha-pariyosāna-vasena tividha-kalyāṇatā. Tesaṃ yeva ca ādi-majjha-pariyosānānaṃ lakkhaṇavasena dasalakkhaṇa-sampannatā veditabbā.

111

Tatrâyaṃ pāḷi:

“Paṭhamassa jhānassa paṭipadāvisuddhi ādi, upekkhânubrūhanā majjhe, sampahaṃsanā pariyosānaṃ. Paṭhamassa jhānassa paṭipadāvisuddhi ādi, ādissa kati lakkhaṇāni? Ādissa tīṇi lakkhaṇāni. Yo tassa paribandho¹⁷, tato cittaṃ visujjhati, visuddhattā cittaṃ majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ paṭipajjati, paṭipannattā tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati. Yañ ca paribandhato cittaṃ visujjhati, yañ ca visuddhattā cittaṃ majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ paṭipajjati, yañ ca paṭipannattā tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati, — paṭhamassa jhānassa paṭipadāvisuddhi ādi, — ādissa imāni tīṇi lakkhaṇāni. Tena vuccati paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ ādikalyāṇañ c’eva hoti tilakkhaṇa-sampannañ ca.

112

“Paṭhamassa jhānassa upekkhânubrūhanā majjhe, majjhassa kati lakkhaṇāni? Majjhassa tīṇi lakkhaṇāni. Visuddhaṃ cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati, samathapaṭipannaṃ ajjhupekkhati, ekattupaṭṭhānaṃ ajjhupekkhati. Yañ ca visuddhaṃ cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati, yañ ca samathapaṭipannaṃ ajjhupekkhati, yañ ca ekattupaṭṭhānaṃ ajjhupekkhati, — paṭhamassa jhānassa upekkhânubrūhanā majjhe, — majjhassa imāni tīṇi lakkhaṇāni. Tena vuccati paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ majjhekalyāṇañ c’eva hoti tilakkhaṇa-sampannañ ca.

113

“Paṭhamassa jhānassa sampahaṃsanā pariyosānaṃ, pariyosānassa kati lakkhaṇāni? Pariyosānassa cattāri lakkhaṇāni. Tattha jātānaṃ dhammānaṃ anativattanaṭṭhena sampahaṃsanā, indriyānaṃ ekarasaṭṭhena sampahaṃsanā, tadupagavīriyavāhanaṭṭhena sampahaṃsanā, āsevanaṭṭhena sampahaṃsanā, — paṭhamassa jhānassa sampahaṃsanā pariyosānaṃ, — pariyosānassa imāni cattāri lakkhaṇāni. Tena vuccati paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇañ c’eva hoti catulakkhaṇa-sampannañ cā” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.158)

114

Tatra “paṭipadāvisuddhi nāma sasambhāriko upacāro, upekkhânubrūhanā nāma appanā, sampahaṃsanā nāma paccavekkhaṇā” ti evam eke vaṇṇayanti. Yasmā pana,

“Ekattagataṃ cittaṃ paṭipadāvisuddhi-pakkhandañ c’eva hoti upekkhânubrūhitañ ca ñāṇena ca sampahaṃsitan” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.158)

pāḷiyaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmā anto-appanāyam eva āgamanavasena paṭipadāvisuddhi, tatramajjhattupekkhāya kiccavasena upekkhânubrūhanā, dhammānaṃ anativattanâdi-bhāva-sādhanena pariyodāpakassa ñāṇassa kiccanipphattivasena sampahaṃsanā ca veditabbā.

115

Kathaṃ? Yasmiñ hi vāre appanā uppajjati, tasmiṃ yo nīvaraṇasaṅkhāto kilesagaṇo tassa jhānassa paribandho, tato cittaṃ visujjhati. Visuddhattā āvaraṇavirahitaṃ hutvā majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ paṭipajjati. Majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ nāma samappavatto appanāsamādhi yeva. Tadanantaraṃ pana purimacittaṃ ekasantati-pariṇāma-nayena tathattam upagacchamānaṃ majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ paṭipajjati nāma. Evaṃ paṭipannattā tathattupagamanena tattha pakkhandati nāma. Evaṃ tāva purimacitte vijjamānâkāra-nipphādikā paṭhamassa jhānassa uppādakkhaṇe yeva āgamanavasena paṭipadāvisuddhi veditabbā.

116

Evaṃ visuddhassa pana tassa puna visodhetabbâbhāvato visodhane byāpāraṃ akaronto visuddhaṃ cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati nāma. Samathabhāvupagamanena samathapaṭipannassa puna samādhāne byāpāraṃ akaronto samathapaṭipannaṃ ajjhupekkhati nāma. Samathapaṭipannabhāvato eva c’assa kilesasaṃsaggaṃ pahāya ekattena upaṭṭhitassa puna ekattupaṭṭhāne byāpāraṃ akaronto ekattupaṭṭhānaṃ ajjhupekkhati nāma. Evaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhāya kiccavasena upekkhânubrūhanā veditabbā.

117

Ye pan’ete evaṃ upekkhânubrūhite tattha jātā samādhi-paññā-saṅkhātā yuganaddhadhammā aññamaññaṃ anativattamānā hutvā pavattā, yāni ca saddhâdīni indriyāni nānākilesehi vimuttattā vimuttirasena ekarasāni hutvā pavattāni, yañ c’esa tadupagaṃ tesaṃ anativattana-ekarasabhāvānaṃ anucchavikaṃ vīriyaṃ vāhayati, yā c’assa tasmiṃ khaṇe pavattā āsevanā, sabbe pi te ākārā, yasmā ñāṇena saṃkilesa-vodānesu taṃ taṃ ādīnavañ ca ānisaṃsañ ca disvā tathā tathā sampahaṃsitattā visodhitattā pariyodāpitattā nipphannā va, tasmā “dhammānaṃ anativattanâdi-bhāva-sādhanena pariyodāpakassa ñāṇassa kiccanipphattivasena sampahaṃsanā veditabbā” ti vuttaṃ.

118

Tattha yasmā upekkhāvasena ñāṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, yath’āha:

“Tathāpaggahitaṃ cittaṃ sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhati, upekkhāvasena paññāvasena paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, upekkhāvasena nānattakilesehi cittaṃ vimuccati, vimokkhavasena paññāvasena paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, vimuttattā te dhammā ekarasā honti, ekarasaṭṭhena bhāvanā” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.201)

tasmā ñāṇakiccabhūtā sampahaṃsanā pariyosānan ti vuttā.

119

Idāni paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇan ti ettha gaṇanânupubbatā paṭhamaṃ paṭhamaṃ uppannan ti pi paṭhamaṃ. Ārammaṇûpanijjhānato paccanīkajhāpanato vā jhānaṃ. Pathavīmaṇḍalaṃ pana sakalaṭṭhena pathavīkasiṇan ti vuccati, taṃ nissāya paṭiladdhanimittam pi pathavīkasiṇanimitte paṭiladdhajhānam pi. Tatra imasmiṃ atthe jhānaṃ pathavīkasiṇan ti veditabbaṃ. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ “paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇan” ti.

Ciraṭṭhitisampādanaṃ

CST76

120

Evam adhigate pana etasmiṃ tena yoginā vālavedhinā viya sūdena viya ca ākārā pariggahetabbā. Yathā hi sukusalo dhanuggaho vālavedhāya kammaṃ kurumāno yasmiṃ vāre vālaṃ vijjhati, tasmiṃ vāre akkantapadānañ ca dhanudaṇḍassa ca jiyāya ca sarassa ca ākāraṃ pariggaṇheyya, “evaṃ me ṭhitena evaṃ dhanudaṇḍaṃ evaṃ jiyaṃ evaṃ saraṃ gahetvā vālo viddho” ti, so tato paṭṭhāya tath’eva te ākāre sampādento avirādhetvā vālaṃ vijjheyya. Evam eva yoginā pi “imaṃ nāma me bhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā, evarūpaṃ puggalaṃ sevamānena evarūpe senāsane iminā nāma iriyāpathena imasmiṃ kāle idaṃ adhigatan” ti ete bhojanasappāyâdayo ākārā pariggahetabbā. Evañ hi so naṭṭhe vā tasmiṃ te ākāre sampādetvā puna uppādetuṃ, appaguṇaṃ vā paguṇaṃ karonto punappunaṃ appetuṃ sakkhissati.

121

Yathā ca kusalo sūdo bhattāraṃ parivisanto, tassa yaṃ yaṃ ruciyā bhuñjati, taṃ taṃ sallakkhetvā, tato paṭṭhāya tādisam eva upanāmento lābhassa bhāgī hoti. Evam ayam pi adhigatakkhaṇe bhojanâdayo ākāre gahetvā te sampādento naṭṭhe naṭṭhe punappunaṃ appanāya lābhī hoti. Tasmā tena vālavedhinā viya sūdena viya ca ākārā pariggahetabbā.

122

Vuttam pi c’etaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Seyyathā pi, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo sūdo rājānaṃ vā rājamahāmattaṃ vā nānaccayehi sūpehi paccupaṭṭhito assa, ambilaggehi pi tittakaggehi pi kaṭukaggehi pi madhuraggehi pi khārikehi pi akhārikehi pi loṇikehi pi aloṇikehi pi. Sakho so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo sūdo sakassa bhattu nimittaṃ uggaṇhāti ‘idaṃ vā me ajja bhattu sūpeyyaṃ ruccati, imassa vā abhiharati, imassa vā bahuṃ gaṇhāti, imassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, ambilaggaṃ vā me ajja bhattu sūpeyyaṃ ruccati, ambilaggassa vā abhiharati, ambilaggassa vā bahuṃ gaṇhāti, ambilaggassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati…pe… aloṇikassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’ ti. Sakho so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo sūdo lābhī c’eva hoti acchādanassa, lābhī vetanassa, lābhī abhihārānaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo sūdo sakassa bhattu nimittaṃ uggaṇhāti.

Evam eva kho, bhikkhave, idh’ekacco paṇḍito byatto kusalo bhikkhu kāye kāyânupassī viharati…pe… vedanāsu vedanâ… citte cittâ… dhammesu dhammânupassī viharati, ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Tassa dhammesu dhammânupassino viharato cittaṃ samādhiyati, upakkilesā pahīyanti, so taṃ nimittaṃ uggaṇhāti. Sakho so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo bhikkhu lābhī c’eva hoti diṭṭhadhamma-sukhavihārānaṃ, lābhī satisampajaññassa. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo bhikkhu sakassa cittassa nimittaṃ uggaṇhātī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.374)

123

Nimittaggahaṇena c’assa puna te ākāre sampādayato appanāmattam eva ijjhati, na ciraṭṭhānaṃ. Ciraṭṭhānaṃ pana samādhi-paribandhānaṃ dhammānaṃ suvisodhitattā hoti.

124

Yo hi bhikkhu kāmâdīnava-paccavekkhaṇâdīhi kāmacchandaṃ na suṭṭhu vikkhambhetvā, kāyapassaddhivasena kāyaduṭṭhullaṃ na suppaṭipassaddhaṃ katvā, ārambhadhātu-manasikārâdivasena thinamiddhaṃ na suṭṭhu paṭivinodetvā, samathanimitta-manasikārâdivasena uddhaccakukkuccaṃ na susamūhataṃ katvā, aññe pi samādhiparibandhe dhamme na suṭṭhu visodhetvā, jhānaṃ samāpajjati, so avisodhitaṃ āsayaṃ paviṭṭhabhamaro viya avisuddhaṃ uyyānaṃ paviṭṭharājā viya ca khippam eva nikkhamati.

125

Yo pana samādhiparibandhe dhamme suṭṭhu visodhetvā jhānaṃ samāpajjati, so suvisodhitaṃ āsayaṃ paviṭṭhabhamaro viya suparisuddhaṃ uyyānaṃ paviṭṭharājā viya ca sakalam pi divasabhāgaṃ antosamāpattiyaṃ yeva hoti. Ten’āhu porāṇā:

“Kāmesu chandaṃ paṭighaṃ vinodaye,
uddhacca-middhaṃ vicikiccha-pañcamaṃ,
viveka-pāmojjakarena cetasā
rājā va suddhantagato tahiṃ rame” ti.

126

Tasmā ciraṭṭhitikāmena paribandhakadhamme visodhetvā jhānaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ, cittabhāvanāvepullatthañ ca yathāladdhaṃ paṭibhāganimittaṃ vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Tassa dve vaḍḍhanābhūmiyo: upacāraṃ vā appanaṃ vā. Upacāraṃ patvā pi hi taṃ vaḍḍhetuṃ vaṭṭati, appanaṃ patvā pi, ekasmiṃ pana ṭhāne avassaṃ vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ “yathāladdhaṃ paṭibhāganimittaṃ vaḍḍhetabban” ti.

Nimittavaḍḍhananayo

CST77

127

Tatrâyaṃ vaḍḍhananayo. Tena yoginā taṃ nimittaṃ pattavaḍḍhana-pūvavaḍḍhana-bhattavaḍḍhana-latāvaḍḍhana-dussavaḍḍhana-yogena avaḍḍhetvā, yathā nāma kassako kasitabbaṭṭhānaṃ naṅgalena paricchinditvā paricchedabbhantare kasati, yathā vā pana bhikkhū sīmaṃ bandhantā paṭhamaṃ nimittāni sallakkhetvā pacchā bandhanti, evam eva tassa yathāladdhassa nimittassa anukkamena ekaṅgula-dvaṅgula-tivaṅgula-caturaṅgula-mattaṃ manasā paricchinditvā yathā-paricchedaṃ¹⁸ vaḍḍhetabbaṃ, aparicchinditvā pana na vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Tato vidatthi-ratana-pamukha-pariveṇa-vihāra-sīmānaṃ gāma-nigama-janapada-rajja-samudda-sīmānañ ca paricchedavasena vaḍḍhayantena cakkavāḷaparicchedena vā tato vā pi uttari paricchinditvā vaḍḍhetabbaṃ.

128

Yathā hi haṃsapotakā pakkhānaṃ uṭṭhitakālato paṭṭhāya parittaṃ parittaṃ padesaṃ uppatantā paricayaṃ katvā anukkamena candima-sūriya-santikaṃ gacchanti, evam eva bhikkhu vuttanayena nimittaṃ paricchinditvā vaḍḍhento yāva cakkavāḷaparicchedā tato vā uttari vaḍḍheti.

129

Ath’assa taṃ nimittaṃ vaḍḍhita-vaḍḍhita-ṭṭhāne pathaviyā ukkūla-vikūla-nadīvidugga-pabbatavisamesu saṅkusatasamabbhāhataṃ usabhacammaṃ viya hoti. Tasmiṃ pana nimitte pattapaṭhamajjhānena ādikammikena samāpajjanabahulena bhavitabbaṃ, na paccavekkhaṇabahulena. Paccavekkhaṇabahulassa hi jhānaṅgāni thūlāni dubbalāni hutvā upaṭṭhahanti, ath’assa tāni evaṃ upaṭṭhitattā upari-ussukkanāya paccayataṃ āpajjanti¹⁹. So appaguṇe jhāne ussukkamāno pattapaṭhamajjhānā ca parihāyati, na ca sakkoti dutiyaṃ pāpuṇituṃ.

130

Ten’āha Bhagavā:

“Seyyathā pi, bhikkhave, gāvī pabbateyyā bālā abyattā akhettaññū akusalā visame pabbate carituṃ, tassā evam assa ‘yaṃ nūnâhaṃ agatapubbañ c’eva disaṃ gaccheyyaṃ, akhāditapubbāni ca tiṇāni khādeyyaṃ, apītapubbāni ca pānīyāni piveyyan’ ti, sā purimaṃ pādaṃ na supatiṭṭhitaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā pacchimaṃ pādaṃ uddhareyya, sā na c’eva agatapubbaṃ disaṃ gaccheyya, na ca akhāditapubbāni tiṇāni khādeyya, na ca apītapubbāni pānīyāni piveyya, yasmiñ c’assā padese ṭhitāya evam assa ‘yaṃ nūnâhaṃ agatapubbañ c’eva…pe… piveyyan’ ti, tañ ca padesaṃ na sotthinā paccāgaccheyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi sā, bhikkhave, gāvī pabbateyyā bālā abyattā akhettaññū akusalā visame pabbate carituṃ.

Evam eva kho, bhikkhave, idh’ekacco bhikkhu bālo abyatto akhettaññū akusalo vivicc’eva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ, so taṃ nimittaṃ n’āsevati, na bhāveti, na bahulīkaroti, na svādhiṭṭhitaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, tassa evaṃ hoti ‘yaṃ nūnâhaṃ vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyyan’ ti, so na sakkoti vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ, tass’evaṃ hoti ‘yaṃ nūnâhaṃ vivicc’eva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyyan’ ti, so na sakkoti vivicc’eva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ubhato bhaṭṭho ubhato parihīno, seyyathā pi sā gāvī pabbateyyā bālā abyattā akhettaññū akusalā visame pabbate caritun” ti. (a. ni. 9.35)

131

Tasmā’nena tasmiṃ yeva tāva paṭhamajjhāne pañcah’ākārehi ciṇṇavasinā bhavitabbaṃ.

Pañcavasīkathā

CST78

Tatr’imā pañca vasiyo: āvajjanavasī, samāpajjanavasī, adhiṭṭhānavasī, vuṭṭhānavasī, paccavekkhaṇavasī ti.

“Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvadicchakaṃ āvajjeti, āvajjanāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthī ti āvajjanavasī. Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ yatthicchakaṃ…pe… samāpajjati, samāpajjanāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthī ti samāpajjanavasī” (paṭi. ma.)

evaṃ sesā pi vitthāretabbā.

132

Ayaṃ pan’ettha atthappakāsanā. Paṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhāya paṭhamaṃ vitakkaṃ āvajjayato bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā uppannâvajjanânantaraṃ vitakkârammaṇān’eva cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti, tato dve bhavaṅgāni, tato puna vicārârammaṇaṃ āvajjanaṃ, vuttanayān’eva²⁰ javanānī ti evaṃ pañcasu jhānaṅgesu yadā nirantaraṃ cittaṃ pesetuṃ sakkoti, ath’assa āvajjanavasī siddhā hoti. Ayaṃ pana matthakappattā vasī Bhagavato yamakapāṭihāriye labbhati, aññesaṃ vā evarūpe kāle, ito paraṃ sīghatarā āvajjanavasī nāma natthi.

133

Āyasmato pana Mahāmoggallānassa Nandopananda-nāgarāja-damane viya sīghaṃ samāpajjanasamatthatā samāpajjanavasī nāma.

134

Accharāmattaṃ vā dasaccharāmattaṃ vā khaṇaṃ ṭhapetuṃ samatthatā adhiṭṭhānavasī nāma. Tath’eva lahuṃ vuṭṭhātuṃ samatthatā vuṭṭhānavasī nāma.

135

Tadubhayadassanatthaṃ Buddharakkhitattherassa vatthuṃ kathetuṃ vaṭṭati. So h’āyasmā upasampadāya aṭṭhavassiko hutvā Therambatthale Mahārohaṇaguttattherassa gilānupaṭṭhānaṃ āgatānaṃ tiṃsamattānaṃ iddhimanta-sahassānaṃ majjhe nisinno “therassa yāguṃ paṭiggāhayamānaṃ upaṭṭhāka-nāgarājānaṃ gahessāmī” ti ākāsato pakkhandantaṃ supaṇṇarājānaṃ disvā tāvad eva pabbataṃ nimminitvā nāgarājānaṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā tattha pāvisi, supaṇṇarājā pabbate pahāraṃ datvā palāyi. Mahāthero āha: “sace, āvuso, Buddharakkhito nâbhavissa, sabbe va gārayhā assāmā” ti.

136

Paccavekkhaṇavasī pana āvajjanavasiyā eva vuttā, paccavekkhaṇajavanān’eva hi tattha āvajjanânantarānī ti.

Dutiyajjhānakathā

CST79

137

Imāsu pana pañcasu vasīsu ciṇṇavasinā paguṇapaṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhāya “ayaṃ samāpatti āsanna-nīvaraṇa-paccatthikā, vitakka-vicārānaṃ oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā” ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā dutiyajjhānaṃ santato manasikatvā paṭhamajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya dutiyâdhigamāya yogo kātabbo.

138

Ath’assa yadā paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato vitakka-vicārā oḷārikato upaṭṭhahanti, pītisukhañ c’eva cittekaggatā ca santato upaṭṭhāti, tadā’ssa oḷārikaṅgaṃ pahānāya santa-aṅga-paṭilābhāya ca tad eva nimittaṃ “pathavī pathavī” ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto “idāni dutiyajjhānaṃ uppajjissatī” ti bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā tad eva pathavīkasiṇaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārâvajjanaṃ uppajjati, tato tasmiṃ yev’ārammaṇe cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti, yesam avasāne ekaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ dutiyajjhānikaṃ, sesāni vuttappakārān’eva kāmāvacarānī ti.

139

Ettāvatā c’esa,

“Vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati”. (vibha.)

Evam anena dvaṅga-vippahīnaṃ tivaṅga-samannāgataṃ tividha-kalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇa-sampannaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇaṃ.

CST80

140

Tattha vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā ti vitakkassa ca vicārassa cā ti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ vūpasamā samatikkamā, dutiyajjhānakkhaṇe apātubhāvā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha kiñcâpi dutiyajjhāne sabbe pi paṭhamajjhānadhammā na santi, — aññe yeva hi paṭhamajjhāne phassâdayo, aññe idha, — oḷārikassa pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānâdīnaṃ adhigamo hotī ti dīpanatthaṃ “vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā” ti evaṃ vuttan ti veditabbaṃ.

141

Ajjhattan ti idha niyakajjhattam adhippetaṃ. Vibhaṅge pana,

“Ajjhattaṃ paccattan” ti

ettakam eva vuttaṃ. Yasmā ca niyakajjhattam adhippetaṃ, tasmā attani jātaṃ attano santāne nibbattan ti ayam ettha attho.

142

Sampasādanan ti sampasādanaṃ vuccati saddhā, sampasādanayogato jhānam pi sampasādanaṃ, nīlavaṇṇayogato nīlavatthaṃ viya. Yasmā vā taṃ jhānaṃ sampasādana-samannāgatattā vitakka-vicāra-kkhobha-vūpasamanena ca cetaso sampasādayati, tasmā pi sampasādanan ti vuttaṃ. Imasmiñ ca atthavikappe, sampasādanaṃ cetaso ti evaṃ padasambandho veditabbo. Purimasmiṃ pana atthavikappe cetaso ti etaṃ ekodibhāvena saddhiṃ yojetabbaṃ.

143

Tatrâyam atthayojanā. Eko udetī ti ekodi, vitakka-vicārehi anajjhārūḷhattā aggo seṭṭho hutvā udetī ti attho. Seṭṭho pi hi loke eko ti vuccati, vitakka-vicāra-virahato vā eko asahāyo hutvā iti pi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Atha vā sampayuttadhamme udāyatī ti udi, uṭṭhāpetī ti attho. Seṭṭhaṭṭhena eko ca so udi cā ti ekodi, samādhiss’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Iti imaṃ ekodiṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhetī ti idaṃ dutiyajjhānaṃ ekodibhāvaṃ. So panâyaṃ ekodi yasmā cetaso, na sattassa, na jīvassa, tasmā etaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvan ti vuttaṃ.

144

Na nu câyaṃ saddhā paṭhamajjhāne pi atthi, ayañ ca ekodināmako samādhi, atha kasmā idam eva “sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvañ cā” ti vuttan ti? Vuccate, aduñ hi paṭhamajjhānaṃ vitakka-vicāra-kkhobhena vīci-taraṅga-samākulam iva jalaṃ, na suppasannaṃ hoti, tasmā satiyā pi saddhāya “sampasādanan” ti na vuttaṃ. Na suppasannattā yeva c’ettha samādhi pi na suṭṭhu pākaṭo, tasmā “ekodibhāvan” ti pi na vuttaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana jhāne vitakka-vicāra-palibodhâbhāvena laddhokāsā balavatī saddhā, balavasaddhā-sahāya-paṭilābhen’eva ca samādhi pi pākaṭo, tasmā idam eva evaṃ vuttan ti veditabbaṃ.

145

Vibhaṅge pana,

“Sampasādanan ti yā saddhā saddahanā okappanā abhippasādo. Cetaso ekodibhāvan ti yā cittassa ṭhiti…pe… sammāsamādhī” ti

ettakam eva vuttaṃ. Evaṃ vuttena pana tena saddhiṃ ayam atthavaṇṇanā yathā na virujjhati, aññadatthu saṃsandati c’eva sameti ca, evaṃ veditabbā.

CST81

146

Avitakkaṃ avicāran ti bhāvanāya pahīnattā etasmiṃ etassa vā vitakko natthī ti avitakkaṃ, iminā va nayena avicāraṃ. Vibhaṅge pi vuttaṃ:

“Iti ayañ ca vitakko ayañ ca vicāro santā honti samitā vūpasantā atthaṅgatā abbhatthaṅgatā appitā byappitā sositā visositā byantikatā, tena vuccati avitakkaṃ avicāran” ti. (vibha. 576)

Etth’āha “na nu ca ‘vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā’ ti iminā pi ayam attho siddho, atha kasmā puna vuttaṃ ‘avitakkaṃ avicāran’” ti? Vuccate, evam etaṃ siddho vâyam attho, na pan’etaṃ tadatthadīpakaṃ. Na nu avocumha: “oḷārikassa pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānâdīnaṃ samadhigamo hotī ti dassanatthaṃ ‘vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā’ ti evaṃ vuttan” (IV.140) ti?

147

Api ca vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ sampasādanaṃ, na kilesakālussiyassa, vitakka-vicārānañ ca vūpasamā ekodibhāvaṃ, na upacārajjhānam iva nīvaraṇappahānā, paṭhamajjhānam iva ca na aṅgapātubhāvā ti evaṃ sampasādana-ekodibhāvānaṃ hetuparidīpakam idaṃ vacanaṃ. Tathā vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, na tatiya-catuttha-jjhānāni viya, cakkhuviññāṇâdīni viya ca abhāvā ti evaṃ avitakka-avicāra-bhāvassa hetuparidīpakañ ca, na vitakka-vicārâbhāva-matta-paridīpakaṃ. Vitakka-vicārâbhāva-matta-paridīpakam eva pana “avitakkaṃ avicāran” ti idaṃ vacanaṃ. Tasmā purimaṃ vatvā pi vattabbam evā ti.

148

Samādhijan ti paṭhamajjhāna-samādhito sampayutta-samādhito vā jātan ti attho. Tattha kiñcâpi paṭhamam pi sampayutta-samādhito jātaṃ, atha kho ayam eva samādhi “samādhī” ti vattabbataṃ arahati, vitakka-vicāra-kkhobha-virahena ativiya acalattā suppasannattā ca, tasmā imassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ idam eva “samādhijan” ti vuttaṃ. Pītisukhan ti idaṃ vuttanayam eva. Dutiyan ti gaṇanânupubbatā dutiyaṃ, idaṃ dutiyaṃ samāpajjatī ti pi dutiyaṃ.

149

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ “dvaṅga-vippahīnaṃ tivaṅga-samannāgatan” ti, tattha vitakka-vicārānaṃ pahānavasena dvaṅga-vippahīnatā veditabbā. Yathā ca paṭhamajjhānassa upacārakkhaṇe nīvaraṇāni pahīyanti, na tathā imassa vitakka-vicārā. Appanākkhaṇe yeva ca pan’etaṃ vinā tehi uppajjati, ten’assa te “pahānaṅgan” ti vuccanti.

150

Pīti sukhaṃ cittekaggatā ti imesaṃ pana tiṇṇaṃ uppattivasena tivaṅga-samannāgatatā veditabbā. Tasmā yaṃ Vibhaṅge,

“Jhānan ti sampasādo pīti sukhaṃ cittassa ekaggatā” ti (vibha. 580)

vuttaṃ, taṃ saparikkhāraṃ jhānaṃ dassetuṃ pariyāyena vuttaṃ. Ṭhapetvā pana sampasādanaṃ, nippariyāyena upanijjhāna-lakkhaṇa-ppattānaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena tivaṅgikam eva etaṃ hoti. Yath’āha:

“Katamaṃ tasmiṃ samaye tivaṅgikaṃ jhānaṃ hoti? Pīti sukhaṃ cittassa ekaggatā” ti. (dha. sa. 161; vibha. 628)

Sesaṃ paṭhamajjhāne vuttanayam eva.

Tatiyajjhānakathā

CST82

151

Evam adhigate pana tasmim pi vuttanayen’eva pañcah’ākārehi ciṇṇavasinā hutvā, paguṇadutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya “ayaṃ samāpatti āsanna-vitakka-vicāra-paccatthikā,

‘Yad eva tattha pītigataṃ cetaso uppilāvitaṃ²¹, eten’etaṃ oḷārikaṃ akkhāyatī’ ti (dī. ni. 1.96)

vuttāya pītiyā oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā” ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā, tatiyajjhānaṃ santato manasikaritvā dutiyajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya tatiyâdhigamāya yogo kātabbo.

152

Ath’assa yadā dutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato pīti oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, sukhañ c’eva ekaggatā ca santato upaṭṭhāti, tadā’ssa oḷārikaṅga-ppahānāya santa-aṅga-paṭilābhāya ca tad eva nimittaṃ “pathavī pathavī” ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto “idāni tatiyajjhānaṃ uppajjissatī” ti bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā tad eva pathavīkasiṇaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārâvajjanaṃ uppajjati, tato tasmiṃ yev’ārammaṇe cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti, yesaṃ avasāne ekaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ tatiyajjhānikaṃ, sesāni vuttanayen’eva kāmāvacarānī ti.

153

Ettāvatā ca pan’esa,

“Pītiyā ca virāgā, upekkhako ca viharati, sato ca sampajāno, sukhañ ca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ ti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī” ti. (dī. ni. 1.230; dha. sa. 163)

Evam anena ekaṅga-vippahīnaṃ duvaṅga-samannāgataṃ tividha-kalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇa-sampannaṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇaṃ.

CST83

154

Tattha pītiyā ca virāgā ti virāgo nāma vuttappakārāya pītiyā jigucchanaṃ vā samatikkamo vā. Ubhinnaṃ pana antarā ca-saddo sampiṇḍanattho. So vūpasamaṃ vā sampiṇḍeti vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamaṃ vā. Tattha yadā vūpasamam eva sampiṇḍeti, tadā “pītiyā ca virāgā kiñca bhiyyo vūpasamā cā” ti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā, imissā ca yojanāya virāgo jigucchanattho hoti, tasmā “pītiyā jigucchanā ca vūpasamā cā” ti ayam attho daṭṭhabbo. Yadā pana vitakka-vicāra-vūpasamaṃ sampiṇḍeti, tadā “pītiyā ca virāgā, kiñca bhiyyo vitakka-vicārānañ ca vūpasamā” ti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā, imissā ca yojanāya virāgo samatikkamanattho hoti, tasmā “pītiyā ca samatikkamā vitakka-vicārānañ ca vūpasamā” ti ayam attho daṭṭhabbo.

155

Kāmañ c’ete vitakka-vicārā dutiyajjhāne yeva vūpasantā, imassa pana jhānassa maggaparidīpanatthaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthañ c’etaṃ vuttaṃ. Vitakka-vicārānañ ca vūpasamā ti hi vutte idaṃ paññāyati, nūna vitakka-vicāra-vūpasamo maggo imassa jhānassā ti. Yathā ca tatiye ariyamagge appahīnānam pi sakkāyadiṭṭhâdīnaṃ,

“Pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānā” ti (dī. ni. 1.373; ma. ni. 2.133; saṃ. ni. 5.184; a. ni. 3.88)

evaṃ pahānaṃ vuccamānaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti, tadadhigamāya ussukkānaṃ ussāhajanakaṃ, evam eva idha avūpasantānam pi vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamo vuccamāno vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti. Tenâyam attho vutto “pītiyā ca samatikkamā vitakka-vicārānañ ca vūpasamā” ti.

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156

Upekkhako ca viharatī ti ettha upapattito ikkhatī ti upekkhā, samaṃ passati, apakkhapatitā hutvā passatī ti attho. Tāya visadāya vipulāya thāmagatāya samannāgatattā tatiyajjhānasamaṅgī upekkhako ti vuccati. Upekkhā pana dasavidhā hoti:

1. chaḷaṅgupekkhā,
2. brahmavihārupekkhā,
3. bojjhaṅgupekkhā,
4. vīriyupekkhā,
5. saṅkhārupekkhā,
6. vedanupekkhā,
7. vipassanupekkhā,
8. tatramajjhattupekkhā,
9. jhānupekkhā,
10. pārisuddhupekkhā ti.

157

Tattha yā,

“Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā n’eva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako ca viharati sato sampajāno” ti (a. ni. 6.1)

evam āgatā khīṇāsavassa chasu dvāresu iṭṭhâniṭṭha-chaḷārammaṇâpāthe parisuddha-pakati-bhāvâvijahanâkārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ chaḷaṅgupekkhā nāma.

158

Yā pana,

“Upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī” ti (dī. ni. 1.556; ma. ni. 1.77)

evam āgatā sattesu majjhattâkārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ brahmavihārupekkhā nāma.

159

Yā,

“Upekkhā-sambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitan” ti (ma. ni. 1.27)

evam āgatā sahajātadhammānaṃ majjhattâkārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ bojjhaṅgupekkhā nāma.

160

Yā pana,

“Kālena kālaṃ upekkhānimittaṃ manasikarotī” ti (a. ni. 3.103)

evam āgatā anaccâraddha-nâtisithila-vīriyasaṅkhātā upekkhā, ayaṃ vīriyupekkhā nāma.

161

Yā,

“Kati saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena²² uppajjanti, kati saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjanti? Aṭṭha saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti, dasa saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjantī” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.57)

evam āgatā nīvaraṇâdi-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā gahaṇe majjhattabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā nāma.

162

Yā pana,

“Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti upekkhāsahagatan” ti (dha. sa. 150)

evam āgatā adukkhamasukhasaññitā upekkhā, ayaṃ vedanupekkhā nāma.

163

Yā,

“Yad atthi yaṃ bhūtaṃ taṃ pajahati, upekkhaṃ paṭilabhatī” ti (ma. ni. 3.71; a. ni. 7.55)

evam āgatā vicinane majjhattabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ vipassanupekkhā nāma.

164

Yā pana chandâdīsu yevāpanakesu āgatā sahajātānaṃ samavāhitabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhā nāma.

165

Yā,

“Upekkhako ca viharatī” ti (dī. ni. 1.230; dha. sa. 163)

evam āgatā aggasukhe pi tasmiṃ apakkhapātajananī upekkhā, ayaṃ jhānupekkhā nāma.

166

Yā pana,

“Upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānan” ti (dī. ni. 1.232; dha. sa. 165)

evam āgatā sabba-paccanīka-parisuddhā paccanīka-vūpasamane pi abyāpārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ pārisuddhupekkhā nāma.

167

Tatra chaḷaṅgupekkhā ca brahmavihārupekkhā ca bojjhaṅgupekkhā ca tatramajjhattupekkhā ca jhānupekkhā ca pārisuddhupekkhā ca atthato ekā, tatramajjhattupekkhā va hoti. Tena tena avatthābhedena pan’assā ayaṃ bhedo, ekassâpi sato sattassa kumāra-yuva-thera-senāpati-rājâdivasena bhedo viya. Tasmā tāsu yattha chaḷaṅgupekkhā, na tattha bojjhaṅgupekkhâdayo, yattha vā pana bojjhaṅgupekkhā, na tattha chaḷaṅgupekkhâdayo hontī ti veditabbā.

Yathā c’etāsam atthato ekībhāvo, evaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā-vipassanupekkhānam pi. Paññā eva hi sā kiccavasena dvidhā bhinnā.

168

Yathā hi purisassa sāyaṃ gehaṃ paviṭṭhaṃ sappaṃ ajapadadaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pariyesamānassa taṃ thusakoṭṭhake nipannaṃ disvā “sappo nu kho no” ti avalokentassa sovattikattayaṃ disvā nibbematikassa “sappo na sappo” ti vicinane majjhattatā hoti, evam eva yā āraddhavipassakassa vipassanāñāṇena lakkhaṇattaye diṭṭhe saṅkhārānaṃ aniccabhāvâdi-vicinane majjhattatā uppajjati, ayaṃ vipassanupekkhā nāma.

169

Yathā pana tassa purisassa ajapadadaṇḍena gāḷhaṃ sappaṃ gahetvā “kiṃ tâhaṃ imaṃ sappaṃ aviheṭhento attānañ ca iminā aḍaṃsāpento muñceyyan” ti muñcanâkāram eva pariyesato gahaṇe majjhattatā hoti, evam eva yā lakkhaṇattayassa diṭṭhattā āditte viya tayo bhave passato saṅkhāraggahaṇe majjhattatā, ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā nāma.

170

Iti vipassanupekkhāya siddhāya saṅkhārupekkhā pi siddhā va hoti. Iminā pan’esā vicinana-ggahaṇesu majjhattasaṅkhātena kiccena dvidhā bhinnā ti. Vīriyupekkhā pana vedanupekkhā ca aññamaññañ ca avasesāhi ca atthato bhinnā evā ti.

171

Iti imāsu upekkhāsu jhānupekkhā idhâdhippetā. Sā majjhatta-lakkhaṇā, anābhoga-rasā, abyāpāra-paccupaṭṭhānā, pītivirāga-padaṭṭhānā ti. Etth’āha “na nu câyam atthato tatramajjhattupekkhā va hoti, sā ca paṭhama-dutiya-jjhānesu pi atthi, tasmā tatrâpi ‘upekkhako ca viharatī’ ti evam ayaṃ vattabbā siyā, sā kasmā na vuttā” ti? Aparibyattakiccato. Aparibyattañ hi tassā tattha kiccaṃ vitakkâdīhi abhibhūtattā. Idha panâyaṃ vitakka-vicāra-pītīhi anabhibhūtattā ukkhittasirā viya hutvā paribyattakiccā jātā, tasmā vuttā ti.

Niṭṭhitā upekkhako ca viharatī ti etassa sabbaso atthavaṇṇanā.

CST85

172

Idāni sato ca sampajāno ti ettha saratī ti sato, sampajānātī ti sampajāno, puggalena sati ca sampajaññañ ca vuttaṃ. Tattha saraṇa-lakkhaṇā sati, asammussana-rasā, ārakkha-paccupaṭṭhānā. Asammoha-lakkhaṇaṃ sampajaññaṃ, tīraṇa-rasaṃ, pavicaya-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ.

173

Tattha kiñcâpi idaṃ satisampajaññaṃ purimajjhānesu pi atthi, — muṭṭhasatissa hi asampajānassa upacāramattam pi na sampajjati, pageva appanā, — oḷārikattā pana tesaṃ jhānānaṃ, bhūmiyaṃ viya purisassa, cittassa gati sukhā hoti, abyattaṃ tattha satisampajaññakiccaṃ. Oḷārikaṅga-ppahānena pana sukhumattā imassa jhānassa, purisassa khuradhārāyaṃ viya, satisampajaññakicca-pariggahitā eva cittassa gati icchitabbā ti idh’eva vuttaṃ.

174

Kiñca bhiyyo, yathā dhenupago vaccho dhenuto apanīto arakkhiyamāno punad eva dhenuṃ upagacchati, evam idaṃ tatiyajjhānasukhaṃ pītito apanītaṃ, taṃ satisampajaññârakkhena arakkhiyamānaṃ punad eva pītiṃ upagaccheyya, pītisampayuttam eva siyā. Sukhe vā pi sattā sārajjanti, idañ ca atimadhuraṃ sukhaṃ, tato paraṃ sukhâbhāvā, satisampajaññânubhāvena pan’ettha sukhe asārajjanā hoti, no aññathā ti imam pi atthavisesaṃ dassetuṃ idam idh’eva vuttan ti veditabbaṃ.

175

Idāni sukhañ ca kāyena paṭisaṃvedetī ti ettha kiñcâpi tatiyajjhānasamaṅgino sukhapaṭisaṃvedanâbhogo natthi, evaṃ sante pi, yasmā tassa nāmakāyena sampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ, yaṃ vā taṃ nāmakāyasampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ, taṃsamuṭṭhānen’assa yasmā atipaṇītena rūpena rūpakāyo phuṭo, yassa phuṭattā jhānā vuṭṭhito pi sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeyya, tasmā etam atthaṃ dassento sukhañ ca kāyena paṭisaṃvedetī ti āha.

CST86

176

Idāni yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī ti ettha yaṃjhānahetu yaṃjhānakāraṇā taṃ tatiyajjhāna-samaṅgi-puggalaṃ Buddhâdayo ariyā,

Ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti pakāsenti, (vibha.)

pasaṃsantī ti adhippāyo. Kin ti? Upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī ti, taṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī ti evam ettha yojanā veditabbā.

177

Kasmā pana taṃ te evaṃ pasaṃsantī ti? Pasaṃsârahato. Ayañ hi yasmā atimadhurasukhe sukhapāramippatte pi tatiyajjhāne upekkhako, na tattha sukhâbhisaṅgena ākaḍḍhiyati, yathā ca pīti na uppajjati, evaṃ upaṭṭhitasatitāya satimā, yasmā ca ariyakantaṃ ariyajana-sevitam eva ca asaṃkiliṭṭhaṃ sukhaṃ nāmakāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, tasmā pasaṃsâraho hoti. Iti pasaṃsârahato naṃ ariyā te evaṃ pasaṃsāhetubhūte guṇe pakāsento “upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī” ti evaṃ pasaṃsantī ti veditabbaṃ. Tatiyan ti gaṇanânupubbatā tatiyaṃ, idaṃ tatiyaṃ samāpajjatī ti pi tatiyaṃ.

178

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ “ekaṅga-vippahīnaṃ duvaṅga-samannāgatan” ti, ettha pītiyā pahānavasena ekaṅga-vippahīnatā veditabbā. Sā pan’esā dutiyajjhānassa vitakka-vicārā viya appanākkhaṇe yeva pahīyati, ten’assa sā pahānaṅgan ti vuccati.

179

Sukhaṃ cittekaggatā ti imesaṃ pana dvinnaṃ uppattivasena duvaṅga-samannāgatatā veditabbā. Tasmā yaṃ Vibhaṅge,

“Jhānan ti upekkhā sati sampajaññaṃ sukhaṃ cittass’ekaggatā” ti (vibha. 591)

vuttaṃ, taṃ saparikkhāraṃ jhānaṃ dassetuṃ pariyāyena vuttaṃ. Ṭhapetvā pana upekkhā-sati-sampajaññāni nippariyāyena upanijjhāna-lakkhaṇa-ppattānaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena duvaṅgikam ev’etaṃ hoti. Yath’āha:

“Katamaṃ tasmiṃ samaye duvaṅgikaṃ jhānaṃ hoti? Sukhaṃ cittass’ekaggatā” ti. (dha. sa. 163; vibha. 624)

Sesaṃ paṭhamajjhāne vuttanayam eva.

Catutthajjhānakathā

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180

Evam adhigate pana tasmiṃ pi vuttanayen’eva pañcah’ākārehi ciṇṇavasinā hutvā paguṇatatiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya “ayaṃ samāpatti āsanna-pīti-paccatthikā,

‘Yad eva tattha sukham iti cetaso ābhogo, eten’etaṃ oḷārikaṃ akkhāyatī’ ti (dī. ni. 1.96)

evaṃ vuttassa sukhassa oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā” ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ santato manasikatvā tatiyajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya catutthâdhigamāya yogo kātabbo.

181

Ath’assa yadā tatiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato cetasika-somanassa-saṅkhātaṃ sukhaṃ oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, upekkhāvedanā c’eva cittekaggatā ca santato upaṭṭhāti, tadā’ssa oḷārikaṅga-ppahānāya santa-aṅga-paṭilābhāya ca tad eva nimittaṃ “pathavī pathavī” ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto “idāni catutthaṃ jhānaṃ uppajjissatī” ti bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā tad eva pathavīkasiṇaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārâvajjanaṃ uppajjati, tato tasmiṃ yev’ārammaṇe cattāri pañca vā javanāni uppajjanti, yesaṃ avasāne ekaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ catutthajjhānikaṃ, sesāni vuttappakārān’eva kāmāvacarāni.

182

Ayaṃ pana viseso. Yasmā sukhavedanā adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya āsevanapaccayena paccayo na hoti, catutthajjhāne ca adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya uppajjitabbaṃ, tasmā tāni upekkhāvedanāsampayuttāni honti, upekkhāsampayuttattā yeva c’ettha pīti pi parihāyatī ti.

183

Ettāvatā c’esa,

“Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbe va somanassa-domanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. (dī. ni. 1.232; dha. sa. 165)

Evam anena ekaṅga-vippahīnaṃ duvaṅga-samannāgataṃ tividha-kalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇa-sampannaṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇaṃ.

CST88

184

Tattha sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā ti kāyikasukhassa ca kāyikadukkhassa ca pahānā. Pubbe vā ti tañ ca kho pubbe va, na catutthajjhānakkhaṇe. Somanassa-domanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā ti cetasikasukhassa ca cetasikadukkhassa cā ti imesam pi dvinnaṃ pubbe va atthaṅgamā, pahānā icc eva vuttaṃ hoti.

185

Kadā pana nesaṃ pahānaṃ hotī ti? Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇe. Somanassañ hi catutthajjhānassa upacārakkhaṇe yeva pahīyati, dukkha-domanassa-sukhāni paṭhama-dutiya-tatiya-jjhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇesu. Evam etesaṃ pahānakkamena avuttānam pi, Indriya-vibhaṅge pana indriyānaṃ uddesakkamen’eva idhâpi vuttānaṃ sukha-dukkha-somanassa-domanassānaṃ pahānaṃ veditabbaṃ.

186

Yadi pan’etāni tassa tassa jhānassa upacārakkhaṇe yeva pahīyanti, atha kasmā,

“Kattha c’uppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicc’eva kāmehipi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettha c’uppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati.

Kattha c’uppannaṃ domanassindriyaṃ… sukhindriyaṃ… somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettha c’uppannaṃ somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī” ti (saṃ. ni. 5.510)

evaṃ jhānesv eva nirodho vutto ti? Atisayanirodhattā. Atisayanirodho hi nesaṃ paṭhamajjhānâdīsu, na nirodho yeva, nirodho yeva pana upacārakkhaṇe, nâtisayanirodho.

187

Tathā hi nānâvajjane paṭhamajjhānupacāre niruddhassâpi dukkhindriyassa ḍaṃsa-makasâdi-samphassena vā visamâsanupatāpena vā siyā uppatti, na tv eva anto-appanāyaṃ. Upacāre vā niruddham p’etaṃ na suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti, paṭipakkhena avihatattā. Anto-appanāyaṃ pana pītipharaṇena sabbo kāyo sukhokkanto hoti, sukhokkantakāyassa ca suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti dukkhindriyaṃ, paṭipakkhena vihatattā.

188

Nānâvajjane yeva ca dutiyajjhānupacāre pahīnassa domanassindriyassa, yasmā etaṃ vitakka-vicāra-paccaye pi kāyakilamathe cittupaghāte ca sati uppajjati, vitakka-vicārâbhāve ca n’eva uppajjati, yattha pana uppajjati, tattha vitakka-vicāra-bhāve, appahīnā eva ca dutiyajjhānupacāre vitakka-vicārā ti tatth’assa siyā uppatti, na tv eva dutiyajjhāne, pahīnapaccayattā.

189

Tathā tatiyajjhānupacāre pahīnassâpi sukhindriyassa pīti-samuṭṭhāna-paṇītarūpa-phuṭa-kāyassa siyā uppatti, na tv eva tatiyajjhāne. Tatiyajjhāne hi sukhassa paccayabhūtā pīti sabbaso niruddhā ti.

Tathā catutthajjhānupacāre pahīnassâpi somanassindriyassa āsannattā, appanāppattāya upekkhāya abhāvena sammā anatikkantattā ca siyā uppatti, na tv eva catutthajjhāne. Tasmā eva ca “etth’uppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī” ti tattha tattha aparisesaggahaṇaṃ katan ti.

190

Etth’āha “ath’evaṃ, tassa tassa jhānass’upacāre pahīnā pi etā vedanā idha kasmā samāhaṭā” ti? Sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ. Yā hi ayaṃ adukkhamasukhan ti ettha adukkhamasukhā vedanā vuttā, sā sukhumā duviññeyyā na sakkā sukhena gahetuṃ. Tasmā yathā nāma duṭṭhassa yathā vā tathā vā upasaṅkamitvā gahetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa goṇassa sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ gopo ekasmiṃ vaje sabbā gāvo samāharati, ath’ekekaṃ nīharanto paṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ “ayaṃ so gaṇhatha nan” ti tam pi gāhayati, evam eva Bhagavā sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ sabbā etā samāhari. Evañ hi samāhaṭā etā dassetvā, yaṃ n’eva sukhaṃ na dukkhaṃ na somanassaṃ na domanassaṃ, ayaṃ adukkhamasukhā vedanā ti sakkā hoti esā gāhayituṃ.

191

Api ca adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā paccayadassanatthañ câpi etā vuttā ti veditabbā. Dukkhappahānâdayo hi tassā paccayā. Yath’āha:

“Cattāro kho, āvuso, paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā. Idh’āvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ime khvāvuso, cattāro paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā” ti. (ma. ni. 1.458)

192

Yathā vā aññattha pahīnā pi sakkāyadiṭṭhi-ādayo tatiyamaggassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ tattha pahīnā ti vuttā, evaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanattham p’etassa jhānass’etā idha vuttā ti pi veditabbā. Paccayaghātena vā ettha rāgadosānam atidūrabhāvaṃ dassetum p’etā vuttā ti veditabbā. Etāsu hi sukhaṃ somanassassa paccayo, somanassaṃ rāgassa, dukkhaṃ domanassassa paccayo, domanassaṃ dosassa. Sukhâdighātena c’assa sappaccayā rāgadosā hatā ti atidūre hontī ti.

193

Adukkhamasukhan ti dukkhâbhāvena adukkhaṃ, sukhâbhāvena asukhaṃ. Eten’ettha dukkhasukha-paṭipakkha-bhūtaṃ tatiyavedanaṃ dīpeti, na dukkhasukhâbhāvamattaṃ. Tatiyavedanā nāma adukkhamasukhā, upekkhā ti pi vuccati. Sā iṭṭhâniṭṭha-viparītânubhavana-lakkhaṇā, majjhatta-rasā, avibhūta-paccupaṭṭhānā, sukhadukkha²³-nirodha-padaṭṭhānā ti veditabbā.

CST89

194

Upekkhāsatipārisuddhin ti upekkhāya janita-satiyā pārisuddhiṃ. Imasmiñ hi jhāne suparisuddhā sati, yā ca tassā satiyā pārisuddhi, sā upekkhāya katā, na aññena, tasmā etaṃ “upekkhāsatipārisuddhin” ti vuccati. Vibhaṅge pi vuttaṃ:

“Ayaṃ sati imāya upekkhāya visadā hoti parisuddhā pariyodātā, tena vuccati upekkhāsatipārisuddhī” ti. (vibha. 597)

Yāya ca upekkhāya ettha satiyā pārisuddhi hoti, sā atthato tatramajjhattatā ti veditabbā. Na kevalañ c’ettha tāya sati yeva parisuddhā, api ca kho sabbe pi sampayuttadhammā, satisīsena pana desanā vuttā.

195

Tattha kiñcâpi ayaṃ upekkhā heṭṭhā pi tīsu jhānesu vijjati, yathā pana divā sūriya-ppabhâbhibhavā, sommabhāvena ca attano upakārakattena vā sabhāgāya rattiyā alābhā, divā vijjamānā pi candalekhā aparisuddhā hoti apariyodātā, evam ayam pi tatramajjhattupekkhā-candalekhā vitakkâdi-paccanīkadhamma-tejâbhibhavā, sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanā-rattiyā appaṭilābhā, vijjamānā pi paṭhamâdi-jjhāna-bhedesu aparisuddhā hoti. Tassā ca aparisuddhāya, divā aparisuddha-candalekhāya pabhā viya, sahajātā pi sati-ādayo aparisuddhā va honti. Tasmā tesu ekam pi “upekkhāsatipārisuddhin” ti na vuttaṃ.

Idha pana vitakkâdi-paccanīkadhamma-tejâbhibhavâbhāvā, sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanā-rattiyā paṭilābhā, ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhā-candalekhā ativiya parisuddhā. Tassā parisuddhattā, parisuddha-candalekhāya pabhā viya, sahajātā pi sati-ādayo parisuddhā honti pariyodātā. Tasmā idam eva “upekkhāsatipārisuddhin” ti vuttan ti veditabbaṃ.

196

Catutthan ti gaṇanânupubbatā catutthaṃ, idaṃ catutthaṃ samāpajjatī ti pi catutthaṃ.

197

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ “ekaṅga-vippahīnaṃ duvaṅga-samannāgatan” ti, tattha somanassassa pahānavasena ekaṅga-vippahīnatā veditabbā. Tañ ca pana somanassaṃ ekavīthiyaṃ purimajavanesu yeva pahīyati, ten’assa taṃ pahānaṅgan ti vuccati. Upekkhāvedanā cittass’ekaggatā ti imesaṃ pana dvinnaṃ uppattivasena duvaṅga-samannāgatatā veditabbā. Sesaṃ paṭhamajjhāne vuttanayam eva. Esa tāva catukkajjhāne nayo.

Pañcakajjhānakathā

CST90

198

Pañcakajjhānaṃ pana nibbattentena paguṇapaṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhāya “ayaṃ samāpatti āsanna-nīvaraṇa-paccatthikā, vitakkassa oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā” ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā dutiyajjhānaṃ santato manasikaritvā paṭhamajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya dutiyâdhigamāya yogo kātabbo.

199

Ath’assa yadā paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato vitakkamattaṃ oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, vicārâdayo santato, tadā’ssa oḷārikaṅga-ppahānāya santaṅga-paṭilābhāya ca tad eva nimittaṃ “pathavī pathavī” ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto vuttanayen’eva dutiyajjhānaṃ uppajjati. Tassa vitakkamattam eva pahānaṅgaṃ, vicārâdīni cattāri samannāgataṅgāni. Sesaṃ vuttappakāram eva.

200

Evam adhigate pana tasmim pi vuttanayen’eva pañcah’ākārehi ciṇṇavasinā hutvā paguṇadutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya “ayaṃ samāpatti āsanna-vitakka-paccatthikā, vicārassa oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā” ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ santato manasikaritvā dutiyajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya tatiyâdhigamāya yogo kātabbo.

201

Ath’assa yadā dutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato vicāramattaṃ oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, pīti-ādīni santato, tadā’ssa oḷārikaṅga-ppahānāya santaṅga-paṭilābhāya ca tad eva nimittaṃ “pathavī pathavī” ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto vuttanayen’eva tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ uppajjati. Tassa vicāramattam eva pahānaṅgaṃ, catukkanayassa dutiyajjhāne viya pīti-ādīni tīṇi samannāgataṅgāni. Sesaṃ vuttappakāram eva.

202

Iti yaṃ catukkanaye dutiyaṃ, taṃ dvidhā bhinditvā pañcakanaye dutiyañ c’eva tatiyañ ca hoti. Yāni ca tattha tatiya-catutthāni, tāni ca catuttha-pañcamāni honti, paṭhamaṃ paṭhamam evā ti.