说梵住品

Brahmavihāraniddeso

Mettābhāvanākathā

CST240

1

Anussatikammaṭṭhānânantaraṃ uddiṭṭhesu pana mettā karuṇā muditā upekkhā ti imesu catūsu brahmavihāresu mettaṃ bhāvetukāmena tāva ādikammikena yogâvacarena upacchinna-palibodhena gahita-kammaṭṭhānena bhattakiccaṃ katvā bhattasammadaṃ paṭivinodetvā vivitte padese supaññatte āsane sukhanisinnena ādito tāva dose ādīnavo khantiyañ ca ānisaṃso paccavekkhitabbo.

2

Kasmā? Imāya hi bhāvanāya doso pahātabbo, khanti adhigantabbā, na ca sakkā kiñci adiṭṭhâdīnavaṃ pahātuṃ, aviditânisaṃsaṃ vā adhigantuṃ. Tasmā,

“Duṭṭho kho, āvuso, dosena abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto pāṇam pi hanatī” ti (a. ni. 3.72)

ādīnaṃ ¹ vasena dose ādīnavo daṭṭhabbo,

“Khantī paramaṃ tapo titikkhā,
nibbānaṃ paramaṃ vadanti Buddhā” (dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 184)

“Khantibalaṃ balânīkaṃ,
tam ahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ” (dha. pa. 399; su. ni. 628)

“Khantā² bhiyyo na vijjatī” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.250)

ādīnaṃ vasena khantiyaṃ ānisaṃso veditabbo.

3

Ath’evaṃ diṭṭhâdīnavato dosato cittaṃ vivecanatthāya, viditânisaṃsāya ca khantiyā saṃyojanatthāya mettābhāvanā ārabhitabbā. Ārabhantena ca ādito va puggalabhedo jānitabbo “imesu puggalesu mettā paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā, imesu n’eva bhāvetabbā” ti.

4

Ayañ hi mettā appiyapuggale, atippiyasahāyake, majjhatte, verīpuggale ti imesu catūsu paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā, liṅgavisabhāge odhiso na bhāvetabbā, kālakate na bhāvetabbā va.

5

Kiṃkāraṇā appiyâdīsu paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā? Appiyaṃ hi piyaṭṭhāne ṭhapento kilamati, atippiyasahāyakaṃ majjhattaṭṭhāne ṭhapento kilamati, appamattake pi c’assa dukkhe uppanne ārodanâkārappatto viya hoti, majjhattaṃ garuṭṭhāne ca piyaṭṭhāne ca ṭhapento kilamati, verim anussarato kodho uppajjati. Tasmā appiyâdīsu paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā.

6

Liṅgavisabhāge pana tam eva ārabbha odhiso bhāventassa rāgo uppajjati. Aññataro kira amaccaputto kulûpakattheraṃ pucchi “bhante, kassa mettā bhāvetabbā” ti? Thero “piyapuggale” ti āha. Tassa attano bhariyā piyā hoti, so tassā mettaṃ bhāvento sabbarattiṃ bhittiyuddham akāsi. Tasmā liṅgavisabhāge odhiso na bhāvetabbā.

7

Kālakate pana bhāvento n’eva appanaṃ, na upacāraṃ pāpuṇāti. Aññataro kira daharabhikkhu ācariyaṃ ārabbha mettaṃ ārabhi, tassa mettā nappavattati. So mahātherassa santikaṃ gantvā “bhante, paguṇā va me mettājhāna-samāpatti, na ca naṃ samāpajjituṃ sakkomi, kiṃ nu kho kāraṇan” ti āha. Thero “nimittaṃ, āvuso, gavesāhī” ti āha. So gavesanto ācariyassa matabhāvaṃ ñatvā aññaṃ ārabbha mettāyanto samāpattiṃ appesi. Tasmā kālakate na bhāvetabbā va.

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8

Sabbapaṭhamaṃ pana “ahaṃ sukhito homi niddukkho” ti vā, “avero abyāpajjo anīgho sukhī attānaṃ pariharāmī” ti vā evaṃ punappunaṃ attani yeva bhāvetabbā.

9

Evaṃ sante yaṃ Vibhaṅge vuttaṃ,

“Kathañ ca bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati? Seyyathā pi nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ disvā mettāyeyya, evam eva sabbe satte mettāya pharatī” ti (vibha. 643)

yañ ca Paṭisambhidāyaṃ,

“Katamehi pañcah’ākārehi anodhiso pharaṇā mettā cetovimutti bhāvetabbā³? Sabbe sattā averā hontu⁴ abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantu. Sabbe pāṇā… Sabbe bhūtā… Sabbe puggalā… Sabbe attabhāva-pariyāpannā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantū” ti (paṭi. ma. 2.22)

ādi vuttaṃ, yañ ca Mettasutte,

“Sukhino va khemino hontu,
sabbasattā bhavantu sukhitattā” ti (khu. pā. 9.3; su. ni. 145)

ādi vuttaṃ, taṃ virujjhati, — na hi tattha attani bhāvanā vuttā ti ce, — tañ ca na virujjhati.

10

Kasmā? Tañ hi appanāvasena vuttaṃ, idaṃ sakkhibhāvavasena. Sace pi hi vassasataṃ vassasahassaṃ vā “ahaṃ sukhito homī” ti ādinā nayena attani mettaṃ bhāveti, n’ev’assa appanā uppajjati. “Ahaṃ sukhito homī” ti bhāvayato pana “yathā ahaṃ sukhakāmo dukkhapaṭikkūlo jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo ca, evaṃ aññe pi sattā” ti attānaṃ sakkhiṃ katvā aññasattesu hitasukhakāmatā uppajjati. Bhagavatā pi ⁵,

“Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā,
n’ev’ajjhagā piyataram attanā kvaci,
evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresaṃ,
tasmā na hiṃse param attakāmo” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.119; udā. 41)

vadatā ayaṃ nayo dassito.

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11

Tasmā sakkhibhāvatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ attānaṃ mettāya pharitvā tadanantaraṃ sukhappavattanatthaṃ yvâyaṃ piyo manāpo garu bhāvanīyo ācariyo vā ācariyamatto vā upajjhāyo vā upajjhāyamatto vā, tassa dānapiyavacanâdīni⁶ piyamanāpatta-kāraṇāni, sīlasutâdīni garubhāvanīyatta-kāraṇāni ca anussaritvā “esa sappuriso sukhī hotu niddukkho” ti ādinā nayena mettā bhāvetabbā. Evarūpe ca puggale kāmaṃ appanā sampajjati.

12

Iminā pana bhikkhunā tāvataken’eva tuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvā sīmāsambhedaṃ kattukāmena tadanantaraṃ atippiyasahāyake, atippiyasahāyakato majjhatte, majjhattato verīpuggale mettā bhāvetabbā. Bhāventena ca ekekasmiṃ koṭṭhāse muduṃ kammaniyaṃ cittaṃ katvā tadanantare tadanantare upasaṃharitabbaṃ.

13

Yassa pana verīpuggalo vā natthi, mahāpurisajātikattā vā anatthaṃ karonte pi pare verīsaññā va n’uppajjati, tena “majjhatte me mettacittaṃ kammaniyaṃ jātaṃ, idāni naṃ verimhi upasaṃharāmī” ti byāpāro va na kātabbo. Yassa pana atthi, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ “majjhattato verīpuggale mettā bhāvetabbā” ti.

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14

Sace pan’assa verimhi cittam upasaṃharato tena katâparādhânussaraṇena paṭigham uppajjati, athânena purimapuggalesu yattha katthaci punappunaṃ mettaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahitvā punappunaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ mettāyantena paṭighaṃ vinodetabbaṃ.

15

Sace evam pi vāyamato na nibbāti, atha

Kakacûpama-ovāda-ādīnaṃ anusārato
paṭighassa pahānāya ghaṭitabbaṃ punappunaṃ.

Tañ ca kho iminā ākārena attānaṃ ovadanten’eva— are kujjhanapurisa, na nu vuttaṃ Bhagavatā

“Ubhato daṇḍakena ce pi, bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṃ, tatrâpi yo mano padoseyya, na me so tena sāsanakaro” ti (ma. ni. 1.232)

ca,

“Tass’eva tena pāpiyo yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati,
kuddham appaṭikujjhanto saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.

Ubhinnam atthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca,
paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā yo sato upasammatī” ti (saṃ. ni. 1.188)

ca,

“Satt’ime, bhikkhave, dhammā sapattakantā sapattakaraṇā kodhanaṃ āgacchanti itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā. Katame satta? Idha, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati: aho vatâyaṃ dubbaṇṇo assā ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa vaṇṇavatāya nandati. Kodhanâyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhâbhibhūto kodhapareto, kiñcâpi so hoti sunhāto suvilitto kappita-kesa-massu odātavattha-vasano, atha kho so dubbaṇṇo va hoti kodhâbhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā.

Puna ca paraṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati: aho vatâyaṃ dukkhaṃ sayeyyā⁷ ti…pe… na pacurattho assā ti…pe… na bhogavā assā ti…pe… na yasavā assā ti…pe… na mittavā assā ti…pe… na kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyā ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa sugatigamanena nandati. Kodhanâyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhâbhibhūto kodhapareto kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya… manasā duccaritaṃ carati, so kāyena… vācāya… manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati kodhâbhibhūto” ti (a. ni. 7.64)

ca,

“Seyyathā pi, bhikkhave, chavâlātaṃ ubhato padittaṃ majjhe gūthagataṃ n’eva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati, na araññe kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati, tathûpamâhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmī” ti (a. ni.)

ca ⁸? So dāni tvaṃ evaṃ kujjhanto na c’eva Bhagavato sāsanakaro bhavissasi, paṭikujjhanto ca kuddhapurisato pi pāpiyo hutvā na dujjayaṃ saṅgāmaṃ jessasi, sapattakaraṇe ca dhamme attā⁹ va attano karissasi, chavâlātûpamo ca bhavissasī ti.

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16

Tass’evaṃ ghaṭayato vāyamato sace taṃ paṭighaṃ vūpasammati, icc etaṃ kusalaṃ, no ce vūpasammati, atha yo yo dhammo tassa puggalassa vūpasanto hoti parisuddho, anussariyamāno pasādaṃ āvahati, taṃ taṃ anussaritvā āghāto paṭivinetabbo.

17

Ekaccassa hi kāyasamācāro va upasanto hoti, upasantabhāvo c’assa bahuṃ vattapaṭipattiṃ karontassa sabbajanena ñāyati, vacīsamācāra-manosamācārā pana avūpasantā honti, tassa te acintetvā kāyasamācāra-vūpasamo yeva anussaritabbo.

18

Ekaccassa vacīsamācāro va upasanto hoti, upasantabhāvo c’assa sabbajanena ñāyati, — so hi pakatiyā ca paṭisanthārakusalo hoti sakhilo sukhasambhāso sammodako uttānamukho pubbabhāsī madhurena sarena dhammaṃ osāreti, parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi dhammakathaṃ katheti, — kāyasamācāra-manosamācārā pana avūpasantā honti, tassa te acintetvā vacīsamācāra-vūpasamo yeva anussaritabbo.

19

Ekaccassa manosamācāro va upasanto hoti, upasantabhāvo c’assa cetiyavandanâdīsu sabbajanassa pākaṭo hoti. Yo hi avūpasantacitto hoti, so cetiyaṃ vā bodhiṃ vā there vā vandamāno na sakkaccaṃ vandati, dhammassavanamaṇḍape¹⁰ vikkhittacitto vā pacalāyanto vā nisīdati. Upasantacitto pana okappetvā vandati, ohitasoto aṭṭhiṃ katvā kāyena vā vācāya vā cittappasādaṃ karonto¹¹ dhammaṃ suṇāti. Iti ekaccassa manosamācāro va upasanto hoti, kāya-vacīsamācārā avūpasantā honti, tassa te acintetvā manosamācāra-vūpasamo yeva anussaritabbo.

20

Ekaccassa pana imesu tīsu dhammesu eko pi avūpasanto hoti, tasmiṃ puggale “kiñcâpi esa idāni manussaloke carati, atha kho katipâhassa accayena aṭṭha-mahāniraya-soḷasa-ussadaniraya-paripūrako bhavissatī” ti kāruññaṃ upaṭṭhapetabbaṃ. Kāruññam pi hi paṭicca āghāto vūpasammati.

Ekaccassa tayo p’ime dhammā vūpasantā honti, tassa yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ anussaritabbaṃ. Tādise hi puggale na dukkarā hoti mettābhāvanā ti.

21

Imassa ca atthassa āvibhāvatthaṃ:

“Pañc’ime, āvuso, āghātapaṭivinayā, yattha bhikkhuno uppanno āghāto sabbaso paṭivinodetabbo” ti (a. ni. 5.162)

idaṃ Pañcakanipāte Āghāta-paṭivinaya-suttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.

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22

Sace pan’assa evam pi vāyamato āghāto uppajjati yeva, athânena evaṃ attā ovaditabbo:

“Attano visaye dukkhaṃ kataṃ te yadi verinā,
kiṃ tassâvisaye dukkhaṃ sacitte kattum icchasi?

Bahûpakāraṃ hitvāna ñātivaggaṃ rudammukhaṃ,
mahânatthakaraṃ kodhaṃ sapattaṃ na jahāsi kiṃ?

Yāni rakkhasi sīlāni, tesaṃ mūlanikantanaṃ
kodhaṃ nām’upaḷālesi, ko tayā sadiso jaḷo?

Kataṃ anariyaṃ kammaṃ parena iti kujjhasi,
kiṃ nu tvaṃ tādisaṃ yeva yo sayaṃ kattum icchasi?

Dosetukāmo yadi taṃ amanāpaṃ paro kari,
dosuppādena tass’eva kiṃ pūresi manorathaṃ?

Dukkhaṃ tassa ca nāma tvaṃ kuddho kāhasi vā na vā,
attānaṃ pan’idān’eva kodhadukkhena bādhasi.

Kodhaṃ vā¹² ahitaṃ maggaṃ ārūḷhā yadi verino,
kasmā tuvam pi kujjhanto tesaṃ yevânusikkhasi?

Yaṃ dosaṃ tava nissāya sattunā appiyaṃ kataṃ,
tam eva dosaṃ chindassu, kim aṭṭhāne vihaññasi?

Khaṇikattā ca dhammānaṃ, yehi khandhehi te kataṃ
amanāpaṃ niruddhā te, kassa dānîdha kujjhasi?

Dukkhaṃ karoti yo yassa, taṃ vinā kassa so kare,
sayam pi dukkhahetuttam¹³ iti kiṃ tassa kujjhasī” ti?

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23

Sace pan’assa evaṃ attānaṃ ovadato pi paṭighaṃ n’eva vūpasammati, athânena attano ca parassa ca kammassakatā paccavekkhitabbā. Tattha attano tāva evaṃ paccavekkhitabbā. Ambho tvaṃ tassa kuddho kiṃ karissasi? Na nu tav’eva c’etaṃ dosanidānaṃ kammaṃ anatthāya saṃvattissati? Kammassako hi tvaṃ kammadāyādo kammayoni kammabandhu kammapaṭisaraṇo, yaṃ kammaṃ karissasi, tassa dāyādo bhavissasi. Idañ ca te kammaṃ n’eva sammāsambodhiṃ, na paccekabodhiṃ, na sāvakabhūmiṃ, na Brahmatta-Sakkatta-cakkavatti-padesarājâdi-sampattīnaṃ aññataraṃ sampattiṃ sādhetuṃ samatthaṃ, atha kho sāsanato cāvetvā vighāsâdâdi-bhāvassa c’eva nerayikâdi-dukkha-visesānañ ca te saṃvattanikam idaṃ kammaṃ. So tvaṃ idaṃ karonto ubhohi hatthehi vītaccite vā aṅgāre, gūthaṃ vā gahetvā paraṃ paharitukāmo puriso viya attānam eva paṭhamaṃ dahasi c’eva duggandhañ ca karosī ti.

24

Evaṃ attano kammassakataṃ paccavekkhitvā parassa pi evaṃ paccavekkhitabbā. Eso pi tava kujjhitvā kiṃ karissati? Na nu etass’ev’etaṃ anatthāya saṃvattissati? Kammassako hi ayam āyasmā kammadāyādo…pe… yaṃ kammaṃ karissati, tassa dāyādo bhavissati. Idañ c’assa kammaṃ n’eva sammāsambodhiṃ, na paccekabodhiṃ, na sāvakabhūmiṃ, na Brahmatta-Sakkatta-cakkavatti-padesarājâdi-sampattīnaṃ aññataraṃ sampattiṃ sādhetuṃ samatthaṃ, atha kho sāsanato cāvetvā vighāsâdâdi-bhāvassa c’eva nerayikâdi-dukkha-visesānañ c’assa saṃvattanikam idaṃ kammaṃ. Svâyaṃ idaṃ karonto paṭivāte ṭhatvā paraṃ rajena okiritukāmo puriso viya attānaṃ yeva okirati. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Yo appaduṭṭhassa narassa dussati
suddhassa posassa anaṅgaṇassa,
tam eva bālaṃ pacceti pāpaṃ
sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṃ va khitto” ti. (dha. pa. 125; su. ni. 668)

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25

Sace pan’assa evaṃ kammassakatam pi paccavekkhato n’eva vūpasammati, athânena Satthu pubbacariyaguṇā anussaritabbā¹⁴.

26

Tatrâyaṃ paccavekkhaṇānayo. Ambho pabbajita, na nu te Satthā pubbe va sambodhā anabhisambuddho bodhisatto pi samāno cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañ ca pāramiyo pūrayamāno tattha tattha vadhakesu pi paccatthikesu cittaṃ nappadūsesi?

27

Seyyathidaṃ Sīlava-jātake tāva, attano deviyā paduṭṭhena pāpa-amaccena ānītassa paṭirañño tiyojanasataṃ rajjaṃ gaṇhantassa nisedhanatthāya uṭṭhitānaṃ amaccānaṃ āvudham pi chupituṃ na adāsi. Puna saddhiṃ amaccasahassena āmakasusāne galappamāṇaṃ bhūmiṃ khaṇitvā nikhaññamāno cittappadosamattam pi akatvā kuṇapa-khādanatthaṃ āgatānaṃ siṅgālānaṃ paṃsuviyūhanaṃ nissāya purisakāraṃ katvā paṭiladdhajīvito yakkhânubhāvena attano sirigabbhaṃ oruyha sirisayane sayitaṃ paccatthikaṃ disvā kopaṃ akatvā va aññamaññaṃ sapathaṃ katvā taṃ mittaṭṭhāne ṭhapayitvā āha:

“Āsīseth’eva puriso na nibbindeyya paṇḍito,
passāmi vo’ham attānaṃ yathā icchiṃ tathā ahū” ti. (jā. 1.1.51)

28

Khantivādī-jātake dummedhena Kāsiraññā “kiṃvādī tvaṃ samaṇā” ti puṭṭho “khantivādī nāmâhan” ti vutte sakaṇṭakāhi kasāhi tāḷetvā hatthapādesu chijjamānesu kopamattam pi nâkāsi.

29

Anacchariyañ c’etaṃ, yaṃ mahallako pabbajjûpagato evaṃ kareyya, Cūḷadhammapāla-jātake pana uttānaseyyako pi samāno,

“Candanarasânulittā bāhā chijjanti Dhammapālassa,
dāyādassa pathabyā, pāṇā me, deva, rujjhantī” ti (jā. 1.5.49)

evaṃ vippalapamānāya mātuyā pitarā Mahāpatāpena nāma raññā vaṃsakaḷīresu viya catūsu hatthapādesu chedāpitesu, tāvatā pi santuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvā “sīsam assa chindathā” ti āṇatte “ayaṃ dāni te citta-pariggaṇhana-kālo, idāni ambho Dhammapāla, sīsacchedâṇāpake pitari, sīsacchedake purise, paridevamānāya mātari, attani cā ti imesu catūsu samacitto hohī” ti daḷhaṃ samādānam adhiṭṭhāya paduṭṭhâkāramattam pi nâkāsi.

30

Idañ câpi anacchariyam eva, yaṃ manussabhūto evam akāsi, tiracchānabhūto pi pana Chaddanto nāma vāraṇo hutvā visappitena sallena nābhiyaṃ viddho pi tāva anatthakārimhi luddake cittaṃ nappadūsesi. Yath’āha:

“Samappito puthusallena nāgo,
aduṭṭhacitto luddakaṃ ajjhabhāsi:
kim atthayaṃ, kissa vā samma hetu
mamaṃ vadhī, kassa vā’yaṃ payogo” ti? (jā. 1.16.124)

Evaṃ vatvā ca “Kāsirañño mahesiyā tava dantānam atthāya pesito’mhi bhadante” ti vutte tassā manorathaṃ pūrento chabbaṇṇa-rasmi-niccharaṇa-samujjalita-cāru-sobhe attano dante chetvā adāsi.

31

Mahākapi hutvā attanā yeva pabbatapapātato uddharitena purisena,

“Bhakkho ayaṃ manussānaṃ yath’ev’aññe vane migā,
yaṃ nūn’imaṃ vadhitvāna chāto khādeyya vānaraṃ,

Āhito¹⁵ va gamissāmi maṃsam ādāya sambalaṃ,
kantāraṃ nittharissāmi, pātheyyaṃ me bhavissatī” ti. (jā. 1.16.205-206)

evaṃ cintetvā silaṃ ukkhipitvā matthake sampadālite, assupuṇṇehi nettehi taṃ purisaṃ udikkhamāno

“Mā ayyo’si me, bhadante, tvaṃ nām’etādisaṃ kari,
tvaṃ kho’si nāma dīghāvu aññaṃ vāretum arahasī” ti. (jā. 1.16.209)

vatvā tasmiṃ purise cittaṃ appadūsetvā attano ca dukkhaṃ acintetvā tam eva purisaṃ khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpesi.

32

Bhūridatto nāma nāgarājā hutvā uposathaṅgāni adhiṭṭhāya vammika-muddhani sayamāno kappuṭṭhānaggi-sadisena osadhena sakalasarīre siñciyamāno pi, peḷāya pakkhipitvā sakala-Jambudīpe kīḷāpiyamāno pi, tasmiṃ brāhmaṇe manopadosamattam pi na akāsi. Yath’āha:

“Peḷāya pakkhipante pi maddante pi ca pāṇinā,
Alampāne¹⁶ na kuppāmi sīlakhaṇḍabhayā mamā” ti. (cariyā. 2.16)

33

Campeyyo pi nāgarājā hutvā ahituṇḍikena viheṭhiyamāno manopadosamattam pi nuppādesi. Yath’āha:

“Tadā pi maṃ dhammacāriṃ upavuttha-uposathaṃ
ahituṇḍiko gahetvāna rājadvāramhi kīḷati.

Yaṃ so vaṇṇaṃ cintayati nīlaṃ pītaṃ va lohitaṃ,
tassa cittânuvattanto homi cintita-sannibho.

Thalaṃ kareyyaṃ udakaṃ, udakam pi thalaṃ kare,
yadi’haṃ tassa kuppeyyaṃ khaṇena chārikaṃ kare.

Yadi cittavasī hessaṃ, parihāyissāmi sīlato,
sīlena parihīnassa uttamattho na sijjhatī” ti. (cariyā. 2.21-24)

34

Saṅkhapāla-nāgarājā hutvā tikhiṇāhi sattīhi aṭṭhasu ṭhānesu ovijjhitvā, pahāramukhehi sakaṇṭakā latāyo pavesetvā, nāsāya daḷhaṃ rajjuṃ pakkhipitvā, soḷasahi Bhojaputtehi kājen’ādāya vayhamāno¹⁷, dharaṇītale ghaṃsiyamāna-sarīro mahantaṃ dukkhaṃ paccanubhonto, kujjhitvā olokitamatten’eva sabbe Bhojaputte bhasmaṃ kātuṃ samattho pi samāno, cakkhuṃ ummīletvā paduṭṭhâkāramattam pi na akāsi. Yath’āha:

“Cātuddasiṃ pañcadasiñ c’Aḷāra,
uposathaṃ niccam upāvasāmi,
ath’āgamuṃ soḷasa Bhojaputtā
rajjuṃ gahetvāna daḷhañ ca pāsaṃ.

Bhetvāna¹⁸ nāsaṃ atikassa rajjuṃ,
nayiṃsu maṃ samparigayha luddā,
etādisaṃ dukkham ahaṃ titikkhaṃ
uposathaṃ appaṭikopayanto” ti. (jā. 2.17.180-181)

35

Na kevalañ ca etān’eva, aññāni pi Mātuposaka-jātakâdīsu anekāni acchariyāni akāsi. Tassa te idāni sabbaññutaṃ pattaṃ sadevaloke kenaci appaṭisama-khantiguṇaṃ taṃ Bhagavantaṃ satthāraṃ apadisato paṭighacittaṃ nāma uppādetuṃ ativiya ayuttaṃ appatirūpan ti.

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Sace pan’assa evaṃ Satthu pubbacaritaguṇaṃ paccavekkhato pi dīgharattaṃ kilesānaṃ dāsabyaṃ upagatassa n’eva taṃ paṭighaṃ vūpasammati, athânena anamataggiyāni paccavekkhitabbāni. Tatra hi vuttaṃ:

“Na so, bhikkhave, satto sulabharūpo, yo na mātā bhūtapubbo… yo na pitā bhūtapubbo… yo na bhātā… yo na bhaginī… yo na putto… yo na dhītā bhūtapubbā” ti. (saṃ. ni. 2.137-142)

Tasmā tasmiṃ puggale evaṃ cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ kira me atīte mātā hutvā dasamāse kucchiyā pariharitvā mutta-karīsa-kheḷa-siṅghāṇikâdīni haricandanaṃ viya ajigucchamānā apanetvā ure naccāpentī aṅgena pariharamānā posesi, pitā hutvā ajapatha-saṅkupathâdīni gantvā vāṇijjaṃ payojayamāno mayham atthāya jīvitam pi pariccajitvā ubhato byūḷhe saṅgāme pavisitvā nāvāya mahāsamuddaṃ pakkhanditvā aññāni ca dukkarāni karitvā “puttake posessāmī” ti tehi tehi upāyehi dhanaṃ saṃharitvā maṃ posesi, bhātā, bhaginī, putto, dhītā ca hutvā pi, idañ c’idañ c’upakāraṃ akāsī ti tatra me nappatirūpaṃ manaṃ padūsetun ti.

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Sace pana evam pi cittaṃ nibbāpetuṃ na sakkoti yeva, athânena evaṃ mettânisaṃsā paccavekkhitabbā. Ambho pabbajita, na nu vuttaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Mettāya kho, bhikkhave, cetovimuttiyā āsevitāya bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya ekādas’ānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā. Katame ekādasa? Sukhaṃ supati, sukhaṃ paṭibujjhati, na pāpakaṃ supinaṃ passati, manussānaṃ piyo hoti, amanussānaṃ piyo hoti, devatā rakkhanti, nâssa aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamati, tuvaṭaṃ cittaṃ samādhiyati, mukhavaṇṇo pasīdati¹⁹, asammūḷho kālaṅkaroti, uttarim appaṭivijjhanto Brahmalokûpago hotī” ti (a. ni. 11.15)

Sace tvaṃ idaṃ cittaṃ na nibbāpessasi, imehi ānisaṃsehi paribāhiro bhavissasī ti.

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Evam pi nibbāpetuṃ asakkontena pana dhātuvinibbhogo kātabbo. Kathaṃ? Ambho pabbajita, tvaṃ etassa kujjhamāno kassa kujjhasi? Kiṃ kesānaṃ kujjhasi, udāhu lomānaṃ, nakhānaṃ…pe… muttassa kujjhasi? Atha vā pana kesâdīsu pathavīdhātuyā kujjhasi, āpodhātuyā, tejodhātuyā, vāyodhātuyā kujjhasi? Ye vā pañcakkhandhe dvādas’āyatanāni aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo upādāya ayam āyasmā itthannāmo ti vuccati, tesu kiṃ rūpakkhandhassa kujjhasi, udāhu vedanā saññā saṅkhāra-viññāṇakkhandhassa kujjhasi? Kiṃ vā cakkhâyatanassa kujjhasi, kiṃ rūpâyatanassa kujjhasi…pe… kiṃ manâyatanassa kujjhasi, kiṃ dhammâyatanassa kujjhasi? Kiṃ vā cakkhudhātuyā kujjhasi, kiṃ rūpadhātuyā, kiṃ cakkhuviññāṇadhātuyā…pe… kiṃ manodhātuyā, kiṃ dhammadhātuyā, kiṃ manoviññāṇadhātuyā ti? Evañ hi dhātuvinibbhogaṃ karoto āragge sāsapassa viya, ākāse cittakammassa viya ca kodhassa patiṭṭhānaṭṭhānaṃ na hoti.

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Dhātuvinibbhogaṃ pana kātuṃ asakkontena dānasaṃvibhāgo kātabbo. Attano santakaṃ parassa dātabbaṃ, parassa santakaṃ attanā gahetabbaṃ. Sace pana paro bhinnâjīvo hoti aparibhogâraha-parikkhāro, attano santakam eva dātabbaṃ. Tass’evaṃ karoto ekanten’eva tasmiṃ puggale āghāto vūpasammati, itarassa ca atītajātito paṭṭhāya anubandho pi kodho taṅkhaṇañ ñeva vūpasammati. Cittalapabbatavihāre tikkhattuṃ vuṭṭhāpita-senāsanena piṇḍapātikattherena “ayaṃ, bhante, aṭṭha-kahāpaṇa-gghanako patto mama mātarā upāsikāya dinno, dhammiyalābho, mahā-upāsikāya puññalābhaṃ karothā” ti vatvā dinnaṃ pattaṃ laddhamahātherassa viya. Evaṃ mahânubhāvam etaṃ dānaṃ nāma. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ:

“Adantadamanaṃ dānaṃ, dānaṃ sabbatthasādhakaṃ,
dānena piyavācāya unnamanti namanti cā” ti.

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Tass’evaṃ verīpuggale vūpasantapaṭighassa yathā piyâtippiya-sahāyaka-majjhattesu, evaṃ tasmim pi mettāvasena cittaṃ pavattati. Athânena punappunaṃ mettāyantena, attani piyapuggale majjhatte verīpuggale ti catūsu janesu samacittataṃ sampādentena sīmāsambhedo kātabbo.

41

Tass’idaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ. Sace imasmiṃ puggale piya-majjhatta-verīhi saddhiṃ attacatutthe ekasmiṃ padese nisinne corā āgantvā “bhante, ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ amhākaṃ dethā” ti vatvā “kiṃkāraṇā” ti vutte “taṃ māretvā galalohitaṃ gahetvā balikaraṇatthāyā” ti vadeyyuṃ, tatra c’eso bhikkhu “asukaṃ vā asukaṃ vā gaṇhantū” ti cinteyya, akato va hoti sīmāsambhedo, sace pi “maṃ gaṇhantu, mā ime tayo” ti pi cinteyya, akato va hoti sīmāsambhedo. Kasmā? Yassa yassa hi gahaṇam icchati, tassa tassa ahitesī hoti, itaresaṃ yeva hitesī hoti. Yadā pana catunnaṃ janānam antare ekam pi corānaṃ dātabbaṃ na passati, attani ca tesu ca tīsu janesu samam eva cittaṃ pavatteti, kato hoti sīmāsambhedo.

42

Ten’āhu porāṇā:

“Attani hita-majjhatte ahite ca catubbidhe
yadā passati nānattaṃ hitacitto va pāṇinaṃ,
na nikāmalābhī mettāya kusalī ti pavuccati.

Yadā catasso sīmāyo sambhinnā honti bhikkhuno
samaṃ pharati mettāya sabbalokaṃ sadevakaṃ,
mahāviseso purimena yassa sīmā na ñāyatī” ti.

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Evaṃ sīmāsambheda-samakālam eva ca iminā bhikkhunā nimittañ ca upacārañ ca laddhaṃ hoti. Sīmāsambhede pana kate tam eva nimittaṃ āsevanto bhāvento bahulīkaronto appakasiren’eva pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayen’eva appanaṃ pāpuṇāti. Ettāvatā’nena adhigataṃ hoti pañcaṅga-vippahīnaṃ pañcaṅga-samannāgataṃ tividha-kalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇa-sampannaṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ mettāsahagataṃ. Adhigate ca tasmiṃ tad eva nimittaṃ āsevanto bhāvento bahulīkaronto anupubbena catukkanaye dutiya-tatiya-jjhānāni, pañcakanaye dutiya-tatiya-catuttha-jjhānāni ca pāpuṇāti.

44

So hi paṭhamajjhānâdīnaṃ aññataravasena,

“Mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddham adho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati”. (vibha. 642; dī. ni. 1.556)

Paṭhamajjhānâdivasena appanāppatta-cittass’eva hi ayaṃ vikubbanā sampajjati.

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Ettha ca mettāsahagatenā ti mettāya samannāgatena. Cetasā ti cittena. Ekaṃ disan ti ekam²⁰ ekissā disāya paṭhamapariggahitaṃ sattaṃ upādāya ekadisā-pariyāpanna-satta-pharaṇavasena vuttaṃ. Pharitvā ti phusitvā, ārammaṇaṃ katvā. Viharatī ti brahmavihārâdhiṭṭhitaṃ iriyāpathavihāraṃ pavatteti. Tathā dutiyan ti yathā puratthimâdīsu disāsu yaṃ kiñci ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tath’eva tadanantaraṃ dutiyaṃ tatiyaṃ catutthañ cā ti attho.

46

Iti uddhan ti eten’eva nayena uparimaṃ disan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Adho tiriyan ti adhodisam pi tiriyaṃdisam pi evam eva. Tattha ca adho ti heṭṭhā, tiriyan ti anudisāsu. Evaṃ sabbadisāsu assamaṇḍale assam iva mettāsahagataṃ cittaṃ sāreti pi paccāsāreti pī ti. Ettāvatā ekaṃ disaṃ pariggahetvā odhiso mettāpharaṇaṃ dassitaṃ.

47

Sabbadhī ti ādi pana anodhiso dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tattha sabbadhī ti sabbattha. Sabbattatāyā ti sabbesu hīna-majjhimukkaṭṭha-mitta-sapatta-majjhattâdi-ppabhedesu attatāya, “ayaṃ parasatto” ti vibhāgaṃ akatvā attasamatāyā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā sabbattatāyā ti sabbena cittabhāgena īsakam pi bahi avikkhipamāno ti vuttaṃ hoti. Sabbāvantan ti sabbasattavantaṃ, sabbasattayuttan ti attho. Lokan ti sattalokaṃ.

48

Vipulenā ti evamādi-pariyāya-dassanato pan’ettha puna mettāsahagatenā ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā vā ettha odhiso pharaṇe viya puna tathā-saddo iti-saddo vā na vutto, tasmā puna mettāsahagatena cetasā ti vuttaṃ, nigamavasena vā etaṃ vuttaṃ. Vipulenā ti ettha ca pharaṇavasena vipulatā daṭṭhabbā. Bhūmivasena pana etaṃ mahaggataṃ. Paguṇavasena ca appamāṇa-sattârammaṇavasena ca appamāṇaṃ. Byāpāda-paccatthika-ppahānena averaṃ. Domanassa-ppahānato abyāpajjaṃ, niddukkhan ti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayaṃ “mettāsahagatena cetasā” ti ādinā nayena vuttāya vikubbanāya attho.

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Yathā câyaṃ appanāppatta-cittass’eva vikubbanā sampajjati, tathā yam pi Paṭisambhidāyaṃ:

“Pañcah’ākārehi anodhiso pharaṇā mettā cetovimutti, sattah’ākārehi odhiso pharaṇā mettā cetovimutti, dasah’ākārehi disā-pharaṇā mettā cetovimuttī” ti (paṭi. ma. 2.22)

vuttaṃ, tam pi appanāppatta-cittass’eva sampajjatī ti veditabbaṃ.

50

Tattha ca,

“Sabbe sattā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantu, sabbe pāṇā… sabbe bhūtā… sabbe puggalā… sabbe attabhāva-pariyāpannā averā…pe… pariharantū” ti (paṭi. ma.)

imehi pañcah’ākārehi anodhiso pharaṇā mettā cetovimutti veditabbā.

51

“Sabbā itthiyo averā…pe… attānaṃ pariharantu, sabbe purisā… sabbe ariyā… sabbe anariyā… sabbe devā… sabbe manussā… sabbe vinipātikā averā…pe… pariharantū” ti (paṭi. ma.)

imehi sattah’ākārehi odhiso pharaṇā mettā cetovimutti veditabbā.

52

“Sabbe puratthimāya disāya sattā averā…pe… attānaṃ pariharantu, sabbe pacchimāya disāya… sabbe uttarāya disāya… sabbe dakkhiṇāya disāya… sabbe puratthimāya anudisāya… sabbe pacchimāya anudisāya… sabbe uttarāya anudisāya… sabbe dakkhiṇāya anudisāya… sabbe heṭṭhimāya disāya… sabbe uparimāya disāya sattā averā…pe… pariharantu.

Sabbe puratthimāya disāya pāṇā…pe… bhūtā, puggalā, attabhāva-pariyāpannā averā…pe… pariharantu, sabbā puratthimāya disāya itthiyo, sabbe purisā, ariyā, anariyā, devā, manussā, vinipātikā averā…pe… pariharantu, sabbā pacchimāya disāya, uttarāya, dakkhiṇāya, puratthimāya anudisāya, pacchimāya… uttarāya… dakkhiṇāya anudisāya, heṭṭhimāya disāya, uparimāya disāya itthiyo…pe… vinipātikā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantū” ti (paṭi. ma.)

imehi dasah’ākārehi disā-pharaṇā mettā cetovimutti veditabbā.

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Tattha sabbe ti anavasesa-pariyādānam etaṃ. Sattā ti rūpâdīsu khandhesu chandarāgena sattā visattā ti sattā. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Rūpe kho, Rādha, yo chando yo rāgo yā nandī yā taṇhā, tatra satto, tatra visatto, tasmā satto ti vuccati… Vedanāya… Saññāya… Saṅkhāresu… Viññāṇe yo chando yo rāgo yā nandī yā taṇhā, tatra satto, tatra visatto, tasmā satto ti vuccatī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 3.161)

Ruḷhīsaddena pana vītarāgesu pi ayaṃ vohāro vattati yeva, vilīvamaye pi bījanivisese tālavaṇṭavohāro viya. Akkharacintakā pana atthaṃ avicāretvā, nāmamattam etan ti icchanti. Ye pi atthaṃ vicārenti, te satvayogena²¹ sattā ti icchanti.

54

Pāṇanatāya pāṇā, assāsapassāsâyatta-vuttitāyā ti attho. Bhūtattā bhūtā, saṃbhūtattā abhinibbattattā ti attho. Pun ti vuccati nirayo, tasmiṃ galantī ti puggalā, gacchantī ti attho. Attabhāvo vuccati sarīraṃ, khandhapañcakam eva vā, tam upādāya paññattimatta-sambhavato, tasmiṃ attabhāve pariyāpannā ti attabhāva-pariyāpannā, pariyāpannā ti paricchinnā, antogadhā ti attho.

55

Yathā ca sattā ti vacanaṃ, evaṃ sesāni pi ruḷhīvasena āropetvā sabbān’etāni sabbasatta-vevacanānī ti veditabbāni. Kāmañ ca aññāni pi “sabbe jantū sabbe jīvā” ti ādīni sabbasatta-vevacanāni atthi, pākaṭavasena pana imān’eva pañca gahetvā “pañcah’ākārehi anodhiso pharaṇā mettā cetovimuttī” ti vuttaṃ.

56

Ye pana “sattā pāṇā” ti ādīnaṃ na kevalaṃ vacanamattato va, atha kho atthato pi nānattam eva iccheyyuṃ, tesaṃ “anodhiso pharaṇā” virujjhati. Tasmā tathā atthaṃ agahetvā imesu pañcasu ākāresu aññataravasena anodhiso mettā pharitabbā.

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Ettha ca sabbe sattā averā hontū ti ayam ekā appanā. Abyāpajjā hontū ti ayam ekā appanā, abyāpajjā ti byāpādarahitā. Anīghā hontū ti ayam ekā appanā, anīghā ti niddukkhā. Sukhī attānaṃ pariharantū ti ayam ekā appanā. Tasmā imesu pi padesu yaṃ yaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, tassa tassa vasena mettā pharitabbā. Iti pañcasu ākāresu catunnaṃ appanānaṃ vasena anodhiso pharaṇe vīsati appanā honti.

57

Odhiso pharaṇe pana sattasu ākāresu catunnaṃ vasena aṭṭhavīsati. Ettha ca itthiyo purisā ti liṅgavasena vuttaṃ, ariyā anariyā ti ariya-puthujjana-vasena, devā manussā vinipātikā ti upapattivasena.

58

Disā-pharaṇe pana sabbe puratthimāya disāya sattā ti ādinā nayena ekamekissā disāya vīsati vīsati katvā dve satāni, sabbā puratthimāya disāya itthiyo ti ādinā nayena ekamekissā disāya aṭṭhavīsati aṭṭhavīsati katvā asīti dve satānī ti cattāri satāni asīti ca appanā. Iti sabbāni pi Paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttāni aṭṭhavīsâdhikāni pañca appanā-satānī ti.

59

Iti etāsu appanāsu yassa kassaci vasena mettaṃ cetovimuttiṃ bhāvetvā ayaṃ yogâvacaro “sukhaṃ supatī” ti (IX.37) ādinā nayena vutte ekādas’ānisaṃse paṭilabhati.

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Tattha sukhaṃ supatī ti yathā sesā janā samparivattamānā kākacchamānā dukkhaṃ supanti, evaṃ asupitvā sukhaṃ supati, niddaṃ okkanto pi samāpattiṃ samāpanno viya hoti.

61

Sukhaṃ paṭibujjhatī ti yathā aññe nitthunantā vijambhantā samparivattantā dukkhaṃ paṭibujjhanti, evaṃ appaṭibujjhitvā vikasamānam iva padumaṃ sukhaṃ nibbikāraṃ paṭibujjhati.

62

Na pāpakaṃ supinaṃ passatī ti supinaṃ passanto pi bhaddakam eva supinaṃ passati, cetiyaṃ vandanto viya pūjaṃ karonto viya dhammaṃ suṇanto viya ca hoti. Yathā pana aññe attānaṃ corehi samparivāritaṃ viya vāḷehi upaddutaṃ viya papāte patantaṃ viya ca passanti, evaṃ pāpakaṃ supinaṃ na passati.

63

Manussānaṃ piyo hotī ti ure āmutta-muttāhāro viya sīse piḷandha-mālā viya ca manussānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo.

64

Amanussānaṃ piyo hotī ti yath’eva manussānaṃ, evaṃ amanussānam pi piyo hoti, Visākhatthero viya. So kira Pāṭaliputte kuṭumbiyo ahosi. So tatth’eva vasamāno assosi “Tambapaṇṇidīpo kira cetiyamālâlaṅkato kāsāvapajjoto icchiticchitaṭṭhāne yeva ettha sakkā nisīdituṃ vā nipajjituṃ vā utu-sappāyaṃ senāsana-sappāyaṃ puggala-sappāyaṃ dhammassavana-sappāyan ti sabbam ettha sulabhan” ti.

65

So attano bhogakkhandhaṃ puttadārassa niyyādetvā dussante²² baddhena eka-kahāpaṇen’eva gharā nikkhamitvā samuddatīre nāvaṃ udikkhamāno ekamāsaṃ vasi. So vohārakusalatāya imasmiṃ ṭhāne bhaṇḍaṃ kiṇitvā asukasmiṃ vikkiṇanto dhammikāya vaṇijjāya, ten’ev’antaramāsena sahassaṃ abhisaṃhari, anupubbena Mahāvihāraṃ āgantvā pabbajjaṃ yāci.

66

So pabbājanatthāya sīmaṃ nīto taṃ sahassatthavikaṃ ovaṭṭikantarena bhūmiyaṃ pātesi. “Kim etan” ti ca vutte, “kahāpaṇa-sahassaṃ, bhante” ti vatvā “upāsaka, pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya na sakkā vicāretuṃ, idān’ev’etaṃ vicārehī” ti vutte, “Visākhassa pabbajjaṭṭhānam āgatā mā rittahatthā gamiṃsū” ti muñcitvā sīmā-māḷake vippakiritvā pabbajitvā upasampanno.

67

So pañcavasso hutvā dve mātikā paguṇā katvā pavāretvā attano sappāyaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā ekekasmiṃ vihāre cattāro māse katvā samappavattavāsaṃ²³ vasamāno cari. Evaṃ caramāno,

Vanantare ṭhito thero Visākho gajjamānako,
attano guṇam esanto imam atthaṃ abhāsatha:

“Yāvatā upasampanno, yāvatā idha āgato,
etth’antare khalitaṃ natthi, aho lābhā te mārisā” ti.

68

So Cittalapabbatavihāraṃ gacchanto dvedhāpathaṃ patvā “ayaṃ nu kho maggo udāhu ayan” ti cintayanto aṭṭhāsi. Ath’assa pabbate adhivatthā devatā hatthaṃ pasāretvā “esa maggo” ti vatvā dasseti.

69

So Cittalapabbatavihāraṃ gantvā tattha cattāro māse vasitvā “paccūse gamissāmī” ti cintetvā nipajji. Caṅkamasīse maṇilarukkhe adhivatthā devatā sopānaphalake nisīditvā parodi. Thero “ko eso” ti āha. “Ahaṃ, bhante, Maṇiliyā” ti. “Kissa rodasī” ti? “Tumhākaṃ gamanaṃ paṭiccā” ti. “Mayi idha vasante tumhākaṃ ko guṇo” ti? “Tumhesu, bhante, idha vasantesu amanussā aññamaññaṃ mettaṃ paṭilabhanti, te dāni tumhesu gatesu kalahaṃ karissanti, duṭṭhullam pi kathayissantī” ti. Thero “sace mayi idha vasante tumhākaṃ phāsuvihāro hoti, sundaran” ti vatvā aññe pi cattāro māse tatth’eva vasitvā puna tath’eva gamanacittaṃ uppādesi. Devatā pi puna tath’eva parodi. Eten’ev’upāyena thero tatth’eva vasitvā tatth’eva parinibbāyī ti. Evaṃ mettāvihārī bhikkhu amanussānaṃ piyo hoti.

70

Devatā rakkhantī ti puttam iva mātāpitaro devatā rakkhanti.

71

Nâssa aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamatī ti mettāvihārissa kāye Uttarāya upāsikāya viya aggi vā, Saṃyuttabhāṇaka-Cūḷasivattherass’eva visaṃ vā, Saṃkicca-sāmaṇerass’eva satthaṃ vā na kamati, na pavisati, nâssa kāyaṃ vikopetī ti vuttaṃ hoti.

72

Dhenuvatthum pi c’ettha kathayanti. Ekā kira dhenu vacchakassa khīradhāraṃ muñcamānā aṭṭhāsi. Eko luddako “taṃ vijjhissāmī” ti hatthena samparivattetvā dīghadaṇḍasattiṃ muñci. Sā tassā sarīraṃ āhacca tālapaṇṇaṃ viya pavaṭṭamānā gatā, n’eva upacārabalena, na appanābalena, kevalaṃ vacchake balava-piyacittatāya. Evaṃ mahânubhāvā mettā ti.

73

Tuvaṭaṃ cittaṃ samādhiyatī ti mettāvihārino khippam eva cittaṃ samādhiyati, natthi tassa dandhāyitattaṃ.

74

Mukhavaṇṇo vippasīdatī ti bandhanā pavuttaṃ²⁴ tālapakkaṃ viya c’assa vippasannavaṇṇaṃ mukhaṃ hoti.

75

Asammūḷho kālaṅkarotī ti mettāvihārino sammohamaraṇaṃ nāma natthi, asammūḷho va niddaṃ okkamanto viya kālaṃ karoti.

76

Uttarim appaṭivijjhanto ti mettāsamāpattito uttariṃ arahattaṃ adhigantuṃ asakkonto, ito cavitvā suttappabuddho viya Brahmalokam upapajjatī ti.

Ayaṃ mettābhāvanāyaṃ vitthārakathā.

Karuṇābhāvanākathā

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Karuṇaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana nikkaruṇatāya ādīnavaṃ karuṇāya ca ānisaṃsaṃ paccavekkhitvā karuṇābhāvanā ārabhitabbā. Tañ ca pana ārabhantena paṭhamaṃ piyapuggalâdīsu na ārabhitabbā. Piyo hi piyaṭṭhāne yeva tiṭṭhati, atippiyasahāyako atippiyasahāyakaṭṭhāne yeva, majjhatto majjhattaṭṭhāne yeva, appiyo appiyaṭṭhāne yeva, verī veriṭṭhāne yeva tiṭṭhati. Liṅgavisabhāga-kālakatā akhettam eva.

78

“Kathañ ca bhikkhu karuṇāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati? Seyyathā pi nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ duggataṃ durūpetaṃ disvā karuṇāyeyya, evam eva sabbasatte karuṇāya pharatī” ti (vibha. 653)

Vibhaṅge pana vuttattā sabbapaṭhamaṃ tāva kiñcid eva karuṇāyitabba-rūpaṃ paramakiccha-ppattaṃ duggataṃ durūpetaṃ kapaṇa-purisaṃ chinnâhāraṃ²⁵ kapālaṃ²⁶ purato ṭhapetvā anāthasālāya nisinnaṃ hatthapādehi paggharanta-kimigaṇaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karontaṃ disvā “kicchaṃ vatâyaṃ satto āpanno, appeva nāma imamhā dukkhā mucceyyā” ti karuṇā pavattetabbā. Taṃ alabhantena sukhito pi pāpakārī puggalo vajjhena upametvā karuṇāyitabbo.

79

Kathaṃ? Seyyathā pi saha bhaṇḍena gahitacoraṃ “vadhetha nan” ti rañño āṇāya rājapurisā bandhitvā catukke catukke pahāra-satāni dentā āghātanaṃ nenti. Tassa manussā khādanīyam pi bhojanīyam pi mālā-gandha-vilepana-tambulāni pi denti. Kiñcâpi so tāni khādanto c’eva paribhuñjanto ca sukhito bhogasamappito viya gacchati, atha kho taṃ n’eva koci “sukhito ayaṃ mahābhogo” ti maññati, aññadatthu “ayaṃ varāko idāni marissati, yaṃ yad eva hi ayaṃ padaṃ nikkhipati, tena tena santike maraṇassa hotī” ti taṃ jano karuṇāyati. Evam eva karuṇā-kammaṭṭhānikena bhikkhunā sukhito pi puggalo evaṃ karuṇāyitabbo “ayaṃ varāko kiñcâpi idāni sukhito susajjito bhoge paribhuñjati, atha kho tīsu dvāresu ekenâpi katassa kalyāṇakammassa abhāvā idāni apāyesu anappakaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedissatī” ti.

80

Evaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ karuṇāyitvā, tato paraṃ eten’eva upāyena piyapuggale, tato majjhatte, tato verimhī ti anukkamena karuṇā pavattetabbā.

81

Sace pan’assa pubbe vuttanayen’eva verimhi paṭighaṃ uppajjati, taṃ mettāya vuttanayen’eva (IX.14-39) vūpasametabbaṃ. Yo pi c’ettha katakusalo hoti, tam pi ñāti-roga-bhoga-byasanâdīnaṃ aññatarena byasanena samannāgataṃ disvā vā sutvā vā, tesaṃ abhāve pi vaṭṭadukkhaṃ anatikkantattā, “dukkhito va ayan” ti evaṃ sabbathā pi karuṇāyitvā, vuttanayen’eva (IX.41-42) attani piyapuggale majjhatte verimhī ti catūsu janesu sīmāsambhedaṃ katvā taṃ nimittaṃ āsevantena bhāventena bahulīkarontena mettāya vuttanayen’eva tika-catukka-jjhānavasena appanā vaḍḍhetabbā.

82

Aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana paṭhamaṃ veripuggalo karuṇāyitabbo, tasmiṃ cittaṃ muduṃ katvā duggato, tato piyapuggalo, tato attā ti ayaṃ kamo vutto, so “duggataṃ durūpetan” ti pāḷiyā na sameti, tasmā vuttanayen’ev’ettha bhāvanam ārabhitvā sīmāsambhedaṃ katvā appanā vaḍḍhetabbā.

83

Tato paraṃ “pañcah’ākārehi anodhiso pharaṇā, sattah’ākārehi odhiso pharaṇā, dasah’ākārehi disā-pharaṇā” ti ayaṃ vikubbanā, “sukhaṃ supatī” ti ādayo ānisaṃsā ca mettāyaṃ vuttanayen’eva veditabbā ti.

Ayaṃ karuṇābhāvanāya vitthārakathā.

Muditābhāvanākathā

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Muditābhāvanaṃ ārabhantenâpi na paṭhamaṃ piyapuggalâdīsu ārabhitabbā. Na hi piyo piyabhāvamatten’eva muditāya padaṭṭhānaṃ hoti, pageva majjhatta-verino. Liṅgavisabhāga-kālakatā akhettam eva.

85

Atippiyasahāyako pana siyā padaṭṭhānaṃ, yo Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ soṇḍasahāyo ti vutto. So hi muditamudito va hoti, paṭhamaṃ hasitvā pacchā katheti, tasmā so vā paṭhamaṃ muditāya pharitabbo, piyapuggalaṃ vā sukhitaṃ sajjitaṃ modamānaṃ disvā vā sutvā vā “modati vatâyaṃ satto, aho sādhu aho suṭṭhū” ti muditā uppādetabbā. Imam eva hi atthavasaṃ paṭicca Vibhaṅge vuttaṃ:

“Kathañ ca bhikkhu muditāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati? Seyyathā pi nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ disvā mudito assa, evam eva sabbasatte muditāya pharatī” ti. (vibha. 663)

86

Sace pi’ssa so soṇḍasahāyo vā piyapuggalo vā atīte sukhito ahosi, sampati pana duggato durūpeto, atītam eva c’assa sukhitabhāvaṃ anussaritvā “esa atīte evaṃ mahābhogo mahāparivāro niccappamudito ahosī” ti tam ev’assa muditâkāraṃ gahetvā muditā uppādetabbā “anāgate vā pana puna taṃ sampattiṃ labhitvā hatthikkhandha-assapiṭṭhi-suvaṇṇasivikâdīhi vicarissatī” ti anāgatam pi’ssa muditâkāraṃ gahetvā muditā uppādetabbā. Evaṃ piyapuggale muditaṃ uppādetvā, atha majjhatte, tato verimhī ti anukkamena muditā pavattetabbā, appanā vaḍḍhetabbā²⁷.

87

Sace pan’assa pubbe vuttanayen’eva verimhi paṭighaṃ uppajjati, taṃ mettāyaṃ vuttanayen’eva vūpasametvā “imesu ca tīsu ²⁸ attani cā” ti catūsu janesu samacittatāya sīmāsambhedaṃ katvā taṃ nimittaṃ āsevantena bhāventena bahulīkarontena mettāyaṃ vuttanayen’eva tika-catukka-jjhānavasen’eva appanā vaḍḍhetabbā.

Tato paraṃ “pañcah’ākārehi anodhiso pharaṇā, sattah’ākārehi odhiso pharaṇā, dasah’ākārehi disā-pharaṇā” ti ayaṃ vikubbanā, “sukhaṃ supatī” ti ādayo ānisaṃsā ca mettāyaṃ vuttanayen’eva veditabbā ti.

Ayaṃ muditābhāvanāya vitthārakathā.

Upekkhābhāvanākathā

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Upekkhābhāvanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana mettâdīsu paṭiladdha-tika-catukkajjhānena paguṇa-tatiyajjhānā vuṭṭhāya “sukhitā hontū” ti ādivasena satta-kelāyana-manasikāra-yuttattā, paṭighânunaya-samīpa-cārittā, somanassayogena oḷārikattā ca purimāsu ādīnavaṃ, santasabhāvattā upekkhāya ānisaṃsañ ca disvā yvâssa pakati-majjhatto puggalo, taṃ ajjhupekkhitvā upekkhā uppādetabbā, tato piyapuggalâdīsu. Vuttañ h’etaṃ:

“Kathañ ca bhikkhu upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati? Seyyathā pi nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ n’eva manāpaṃ na amanāpaṃ disvā upekkhako assa, evam eva sabbe satte upekkhāya pharatī” ti. (vibha. 673)

89

Tasmā vuttanayena majjhattapuggale upekkhaṃ uppādetvā, atha piyapuggale, tato soṇḍasahāyake, tato verimhī ti evaṃ “imesu ca tīsu ²⁹ attani cā” ti sabbattha majjhattavasena sīmāsambhedaṃ katvā taṃ nimittaṃ āsevitabbaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ bahulīkātabbaṃ.

90

Tass’evaṃ karoto pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayen’eva catutthajjhānaṃ uppajjati. Kiṃ pan’etaṃ pathavīkasiṇâdīsu uppanna-tatiyajjhānassâpi uppajjatī ti? N’uppajjati. Kasmā? Ārammaṇa-visabhāgatāya. Mettâdīsu uppanna-tatiyajjhānass’eva pana uppajjati, ārammaṇa-sabhāgatāyā ti. Tato paraṃ³⁰ pana vikubbanā ca ānisaṃsapaṭilābho ca mettāyaṃ vuttanayen’eva veditabbo ti.

Ayaṃ upekkhābhāvanāya vitthārakathā.

Pakiṇṇakakathā

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Brahmuttamena kathite brahmavihāre ime iti viditvā
bhiyyo etesu ayaṃ pakiṇṇakakathā pi viññeyyā.

92

Etāsu hi mettā-karuṇā-muditā-upekkhāsu atthato tāva mejjatī ti mettā, siniyhatī ti attho, mitte vā bhavā, mittassa vā esā pavattī ti pi mettā. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ hadayakampanaṃ karotī ti karuṇā, kiṇāti vā paradukkhaṃ hiṃsati vināsetī ti karuṇā, kiriyati vā dukkhitesu pharaṇavasena pasāriyatī ti karuṇā. Modanti tāya taṃsamaṅgino, sayaṃ vā modati, modanamattam eva vā tan ti muditā. “Averā hontū” ti ādibyāpāra-ppahānena majjhatta-bhāvûpagamanena ca upekkhatī ti upekkhā.

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Lakkhaṇâdito pan’ettha hitâkārappavatti-lakkhaṇā mettā, hitûpasaṃhāra-rasā, āghātavinaya-paccupaṭṭhānā, sattānaṃ manāpabhāvadassana-padaṭṭhānā. Byāpādûpasamo etissā sampatti, sinehasambhavo vipatti.

94

Dukkhâpanayanâkārappavatti-lakkhaṇā karuṇā, paradukkhâsahana-rasā, avihiṃsā-paccupaṭṭhānā, dukkhâbhibhūtānaṃ anāthabhāvadassana-padaṭṭhānā. Vihiṃsûpasamo tassā sampatti, sokasambhavo vipatti.

95

Pamodana-lakkhaṇā muditā, anissāyana-rasā, arativighāta-paccupaṭṭhānā, sattānaṃ sampattidassana-padaṭṭhānā. Arativūpasamo tassā sampatti, pahāsasambhavo vipatti.

96

Sattesu majjhattâkārappavatti-lakkhaṇā upekkhā, sattesu samabhāvadassana-rasā, paṭighânunayavūpasama-paccupaṭṭhānā, “kammassakā sattā, te kassa ruciyā sukhitā vā bhavissanti, dukkhato vā muccissanti, pattasampattito vā na parihāyissantī” ti evaṃ pavatta-kammassakatā-dassana-padaṭṭhānā. Paṭighânunayavūpasamo tassā sampatti, gehasitāya aññāṇupekkhāya sambhavo vipatti.

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Catunnam pi pan’etesaṃ brahmavihārānaṃ vipassanāsukhañ c’eva bhavasampatti ca sādhāraṇa-ppayojanaṃ, byāpādâdi-paṭighāto āveṇikaṃ. Byāpādapaṭighāta-ppayojanā h’ettha mettā, vihiṃsā-arati-rāga-paṭighāta-ppayojanā itarā. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ:

“Nissaraṇañ h’etaṃ, āvuso, byāpādassa yad idaṃ mettā cetovimutti. Nissaraṇañ h’etaṃ, āvuso, vihesāya yad idaṃ karuṇā cetovimutti. Nissaraṇañ h’etaṃ, āvuso, aratiyā yad idaṃ muditā cetovimutti. Nissaraṇañ h’etaṃ, āvuso, rāgassa yad idaṃ upekkhā cetovimuttī” ti. (dī. ni. 3.326; a. ni. 6.13)

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Ekekassa c’ettha āsannadūravasena dve dve paccatthikā. Mettābrahmavihārassa hi samīpacāro viya purisassa sapatto, guṇadassana-sabhāgatāya rāgo āsannapaccatthiko, so lahuṃ otāraṃ labhati, tasmā tato suṭṭhu mettā rakkhitabbā. Pabbatâdi-gahananissito viya purisassa sapatto, sabhāga-visabhāgatāya byāpādo dūrapaccatthiko. Tasmā tato nibbhayena mettāyitabbaṃ. Mettāyissati ca nāma kopañ ca karissatī ti aṭṭhānam etaṃ.

99

Karuṇābrahmavihārassa,

“Cakkhuviññeyyānaṃ rūpānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ manoramānaṃ lokâmisa-paṭisaṃyuttānaṃ appaṭilābhaṃ vā appaṭilābhato samanupassato pubbe vā paṭiladdhapubbaṃ atītaṃ niruddhaṃ vipariṇataṃ samanussarato uppajjati domanassaṃ, yaṃ evarūpaṃ domanassaṃ, idaṃ vuccati gehasitaṃ domanassan” ti (ma. ni. 3.307)

ādinā nayena āgataṃ gehasitaṃ domanassaṃ vipattidassana-sabhāgatāya āsannapaccatthikaṃ. Sabhāga-visabhāgatāya vihiṃsā dūrapaccatthikā. Tasmā tato nibbhayena karuṇāyitabbaṃ. Karuṇañ ca nāma karissati, pāṇi-ādīhi ca viheṭhissatī ti aṭṭhānam etaṃ.

100

Muditābrahmavihārassa,

“Cakkhuviññeyyānaṃ rūpānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ…pe… lokāmisa-paṭisaṃyuttānaṃ paṭilābhaṃ vā paṭilābhato samanupassato pubbe vā paṭiladdhapubbaṃ atītaṃ niruddhaṃ vipariṇataṃ samanussarato uppajjati somanassaṃ, yaṃ evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ, idaṃ vuccati gehasitaṃ somanassan” ti (ma. ni. 3.306)

ādinā nayena āgataṃ gehasitaṃ somanassaṃ sampattidassana-sabhāgatāya āsannapaccatthikaṃ. Sabhāga-visabhāgatāya arati dūrapaccatthikā. Tasmā tato nibbhayena muditā bhāvetabbā. Mudito³¹ ca nāma bhavissati, pantasenāsanesu ca adhikusalesu dhammesu vā ukkaṇṭhissatī ti aṭṭhānam etaṃ.

101

Upekkhābrahmavihārassa pana,

“Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā uppajjati upekkhā bālassa mūḷhassa puthujjanassa anodhijinassa avipākajinassa anādīnavadassāvino assutavato puthujjanassa, yā evarūpā upekkhā, rūpaṃ sā nâtivattati, tasmā sā upekkhā gehasitā ti vuccatī” ti (ma. ni. 3.308)

ādinā nayena āgatā gehasitā aññāṇupekkhā dosaguṇâvicāraṇavasena sabhāgattā āsannapaccatthikā. Sabhāga-visabhāgatāya rāga-paṭighā dūrapaccatthikā. Tasmā tato nibbhayena upekkhitabbaṃ. Upekkhissati ca nāma rajjissati ca paṭihaññissati cā ti aṭṭhānam etaṃ.

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Sabbesam pi ca etesaṃ kattukāmatāchando ādi, nīvaraṇâdi-vikkhambhanaṃ majjhaṃ, appanā pariyosānaṃ, paññattidhammavasena eko vā satto aneke vā sattā ārammaṇaṃ, upacāre vā appanāya vā pattāya ārammaṇavaḍḍhanaṃ.

103

Tatrâyaṃ vaḍḍhanakkamo. Yathā hi kusalo kassako kasitabbaṭṭhānaṃ paricchinditvā kasati, evaṃ paṭhamam eva ekam āvāsaṃ paricchinditvā tattha sattesu “imasmiṃ āvāse sattā averā hontū” ti ādinā nayena mettā bhāvetabbā. Tattha cittaṃ muduṃ kammaniyaṃ katvā dve āvāsā paricchinditabbā, tato anukkamena tayo, cattāro, pañca, cha, satta, aṭṭha, nava, dasa, ekā racchā, upaḍḍhagāmo, gāmo, janapado, rajjaṃ, ekā disā ti evaṃ yāva ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ, tato vā pana bhiyyo tattha tattha sattesu mettā bhāvetabbā. Tathā karuṇâdayo ti. Ayam ettha ārammaṇavaḍḍhanakkamo.

CST267

104

Yathā pana kasiṇānaṃ nissando āruppā, samādhi-nissando nevasaññanâsaññâyatanaṃ, vipassanā-nissando phalasamāpatti, samatha-vipassanā-nissando nirodhasamāpatti, evaṃ purima-brahmavihārattaya-nissando ettha upekkhā-brahmavihāro. Yathā hi thambhe anussāpetvā tulāsaṅghāṭaṃ anāropetvā na sakkā ākāse kūṭa-gopānasiyo ṭhapetuṃ, evaṃ purimesu tatiyajjhānaṃ vinā na sakkā catutthaṃ bhāvetun ti.

CST268

105

Ettha siyā,

1. Kasmā pan’etā mettā-karuṇā-muditā-upekkhā brahmavihārā ti vuccanti?
2. Kasmā ca catasso va?
3. Ko ca etāsaṃ kamo?
4. Abhidhamme ca kasmā appamaññā ti vuttā ti?

106

Vuccate. Seṭṭhaṭṭhena tāva niddosabhāvena c’ettha brahmavihāratā veditabbā. Sattesu sammāpaṭipattibhāvena hi seṭṭhā ete vihārā, yathā ca Brahmāno niddosacittā viharanti, evaṃ etehi sampayuttā yogino Brahmasamā hutvā viharantī ti seṭṭhaṭṭhena niddosabhāvena ca brahmavihārā ti vuccanti.

CST269

107

Kasmā ca catasso vā ti ādipañhassa pana idaṃ vissajjanaṃ.

Visuddhimaggâdivasā catasso,
hitādi-ākāravasā pan’āsaṃ
kamo, pavattanti ca appamāṇe
tā gocare yena tad appamaññā.

108

Etāsu hi yasmā mettā byāpādabahulassa, karuṇā vihesābahulassa, muditā aratibahulassa, upekkhā rāgabahulassa visuddhimaggo, yasmā ca hitûpasaṃhāra-ahitâpanayana-sampattimodana-anābhogavasena catubbidho yeva sattesu manasikāro, yasmā ca yathā mātā dahara-gilāna-yobbanappatta-sakiccapasutesu catūsu puttesu daharassa abhivuḍḍhikāmā hoti, gilānassa gelaññâpanayanakāmā, yobbanappattassa yobbanasampattiyā ciraṭṭhitikāmā, sakakiccapasutassa kismiñci pariyāye abyāvaṭā hoti, tathā appamaññāvihārikenâpi sabbasattesu mettâdivasena bhavitabbaṃ. Tasmā ito visuddhimaggâdivasā catasso va appamaññā.

109

Yasmā catasso p’etā bhāvetukāmena paṭhamaṃ hitâkāra-ppavattivasena sattesu paṭipajjitabbaṃ, hitâkāra-ppavatti-lakkhaṇā ca mettā. Tato evaṃ patthitahitānaṃ sattānaṃ dukkhâbhibhavaṃ disvā vā sutvā vā sambhāvetvā vā dukkhâpanayanâkāra-ppavattivasena, dukkhâpanayanâkāra-ppavatti-lakkhaṇā ca karuṇā. Ath’evaṃ patthitahitānaṃ patthitadukkhâpagamānañ ca nesaṃ sampattiṃ disvā sampattipamodanavasena, pamodanalakkhaṇā ca muditā. Tato paraṃ pana kattabbâbhāvato ajjhupekkhakatta-saṅkhātena majjhattâkārena paṭipajjitabbaṃ, majjhattâkāra-ppavatti-lakkhaṇā ca upekkhā. Tasmā ito hitâdi-ākāravasā pan’āsaṃ paṭhamaṃ mettā vuttā, atha karuṇā muditā upekkhā ti ayaṃ kamo veditabbo.

110

Yasmā pana sabbā p’etā appamāṇe gocare pavattanti. Appamāṇā hi sattā etāsaṃ gocarabhūtā, ekasattassâpi ca “ettake padese mettâdayo bhāvetabbā” ti evaṃ pamāṇaṃ agahetvā sakalapharaṇavasen’eva pavattā ti. Tena vuttaṃ:

Visuddhimaggâdivasā catasso,
hitādi-ākāravasā pan’āsaṃ
kamo, pavattanti ca appamāṇe
tā gocare yena tad appamaññā ti.

CST270

111

Evaṃ appamāṇagocaratāya ekalakkhaṇāsu câpi etāsu purimā tisso tika-catukka-jjhānikā va honti. Kasmā? Somanassâvippayogato. Kasmā panâyaṃ³² somanassena avippayogo ti? Domanassa-samuṭṭhitānaṃ byāpādâdīnaṃ nissaraṇattā. Pacchimā pana avasesa-ekajjhānikā va. Kasmā? Upekkhāvedanāsampayogato. Na hi sattesu majjhattâkāra-ppavattā brahmavihārupekkhā upekkhāvedanaṃ vinā vattatī ti.

CST271

112

Yo pan’evaṃ vadeyya “yasmā Bhagavatā Aṭṭhakanipāte catūsu pi appamaññāsu avisesena vuttaṃ:

‘Tato tvaṃ bhikkhu imaṃ samādhiṃ savitakkam pi savicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi, avitakkam pi vicāramattaṃ bhāveyyāsi, avitakkam pi avicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi, sappītikam pi bhāveyyāsi, nippītikam pi bhāveyyāsi, sātasahagatam pi bhāveyyāsi, upekkhāsahagatam pi bhāveyyāsī’ ti (a. ni. 8.63)

tasmā catasso appamaññā catukka-pañcaka-jjhānikā” ti, so “mā h’evan” ti’ssa vacanīyo.

113

Evañ hi sati kāyânupassanâdayo pi catukka-pañcaka-jjhānikā siyuṃ, vedanâdīsu³³ ca paṭhamajjhānam pi natthi, pageva dutiyâdīni. Tasmā byañjanacchāyā-mattaṃ gahetvā mā Bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, gambhīraṃ hi buddhavacanaṃ, taṃ ācariye payirupāsitvā adhippāyato gahetabbaṃ.

CST272

114

Ayañ hi tatrâdhippāyo.

“Sādhu me, bhante, Bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yam ahaṃ Bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyyan” ti

evaṃ āyācita-dhamma-desanaṃ kira taṃ bhikkhuṃ, yasmā so pubbe pi dhammaṃ sutvā tatth’eva vasati, na samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ gacchati, tasmā naṃ Bhagavā,

“Evam eva pan’idh’ekacce moghapurisā mamañ ñeva ajjhesanti, dhamme ca bhāsite mamañ ñeva anubandhitabbaṃ maññantī” ti

apasādetvā puna, yasmā so arahattassa upanissayasampanno, tasmā naṃ ovadanto āha:

“Tasmāt iha te bhikkhu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ: ajjhattaṃ me cittaṃ ṭhitaṃ bhavissati susaṇṭhitaṃ, na c’uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassantī ti. Evañ hi te bhikkhu sikkhitabban” ti

Iminā pan’assa ovādena niyakajjhattavasena cittekaggatā-matto mūlasamādhi vutto.

115

Tato ettaken’eva santuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvā evaṃ so eva samādhi vaḍḍhetabbo ti dassetuṃ,

“Yato kho te bhikkhu ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ ṭhitaṃ hoti susaṇṭhitaṃ, na c’uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, tato te bhikkhu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ: mettā me cetovimutti bhāvitā bhavissati bahulīkatā yānikatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā ti. Evañ hi te bhikkhu sikkhitabban” ti

evam assa mettāvasena bhāvanaṃ vatvā puna,

“Yato kho te bhikkhu ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti bahulīkato, tato tvaṃ bhikkhu imaṃ mūlasamādhiṃ savitakkam pi savicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi…pe… upekkhāsahagatam pi bhāveyyāsī” ti

vuttaṃ.

116

Tass’attho: yadā te bhikkhu ayaṃ mūlasamādhi evaṃ mettāvasena bhāvito hoti, tadā tvaṃ tāvatakenâpi tuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvā va imaṃ mūlasamādhiṃ aññesu pi ārammaṇesu catukka-pañcaka-jjhānāni pāpayamāno, savitakkam pi savicāran ti ādinā nayena bhāveyyāsī ti.

117

Evaṃ vatvā ca puna karuṇâdi-avasesa-brahmavihāra-pubbaṅgamam pi’ssa, aññesu ārammaṇesu catukka-pañcaka-jjhānavasena bhāvanaṃ kareyyāsī ti dassento,

“Yato kho te bhikkhu ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti bahulīkato, tato te bhikkhu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ: karuṇā me cetovimuttī” ti

ādim āha.

118

Evaṃ mettâdi-pubbaṅgamaṃ catukka-pañcaka-jjhānavasena bhāvanaṃ dassetvā puna kāyânupassanâdi-pubbaṅgamaṃ dassetuṃ,

“Yato kho te bhikkhu ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti bahulīkato, tato te bhikkhu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ: kāye kāyānupassī viharissāmī” ti

ādiṃ vatvā,

“Yato kho te bhikkhu ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito bhavissati subhāvito, tato tvaṃ bhikkhu yena yen’eva gagghasi, phāsuñ ñeva gagghasi, yattha yatth’eva ṭhassasi, phāsuñ ñeva ṭhassasi, yattha yatth’eva nisīdissasi, phāsuñ ñeva nisīdissasi, yattha yatth’eva seyyaṃ kappessasi, phāsuñ ñeva seyyaṃ kappessasī” ti

arahattanikūṭena desanaṃ samāpesi. Tasmā tika-catukka-jjhānikā va mettâdayo, upekkhā pana avasesa-ekajjhānikā vā ti veditabbā. Tath’eva ca Abhidhamme (dha. sa. 251 ādayo; vibha. 673 ādayo) vibhattā ti.

CST273

119

Evaṃ tika-catukka-jjhānavasena c’eva avasesa-ekajjhānavasena ca dvidhā ṭhitānam pi etāsaṃ subha-paramâdivasena aññamaññaṃ asadiso ānubhāvaviseso veditabbo. Haliddavasana-suttasmiṃ hi etā subha-paramâdibhāvena visesetvā vuttā. Yath’āha:

“Subha-paramâhaṃ, bhikkhave, mettaṃ cetovimuttiṃ vadāmi. Ākāsānañcâyatana-paramâhaṃ, bhikkhave, karuṇaṃ cetovimuttiṃ vadāmi. Viññāṇañcâyatana-paramâhaṃ, bhikkhave, muditaṃ cetovimuttiṃ vadāmi. Ākiñcaññâyatana-paramâhaṃ, bhikkhave, upekkhaṃ cetovimuttiṃ vadāmī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.235)

120

Kasmā pan’etā evaṃ vuttā ti? Tassa tassa upanissayattā. Mettāvihārissa hi sattā appaṭikkūlā honti. Ath’assa appaṭikkūlaparicayā appaṭikkūlesu parisuddhavaṇṇesu nīlâdīsu cittaṃ upasaṃharato appakasiren’eva tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati. Iti mettā subhavimokkhassa upanissayo hoti, na tato paraṃ, tasmā subha-paramā ti vuttā.

121

Karuṇāvihārissa pana daṇḍâbhighātâdi-rūpanimittaṃ patta-dukkhaṃ³⁴ samanupassantassa karuṇāya pavatti-sambhavato rūpe ādīnavo parividito³⁵ hoti. Ath’assa parividita-rūpâdīnavattā pathavīkasiṇâdīsu aññataraṃ ugghāṭetvā rūpanissaraṇe ākāse cittaṃ upasaṃharato appakasiren’eva tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati. Iti karuṇā ākāsānañcâyatanassa upanissayo hoti, na tato paraṃ, tasmā ākāsānañcâyatana-paramā ti vuttā.

122

Muditāvihārissa pana tena tena pāmojjakāraṇena uppannapāmojja-sattānaṃ viññāṇaṃ samanupassantassa muditāya pavatti-sambhavato viññāṇaggahaṇa-paricitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ath’assa anukkamâdhigataṃ ākāsānañcâyatanaṃ atikkamma ākāsanimittagocare viññāṇe cittaṃ upasaṃharato appakasiren’eva tattha cittaṃ pakkhandatī ti³⁶ muditā viññāṇañcâyatanassa upanissayo hoti, na tato paraṃ, tasmā viññāṇañcâyatana-paramā ti vuttā.

123

Upekkhāvihārissa pana “sattā sukhitā vā hontu dukkhato vā vimuccantu, sampattasukhato vā mā vimuccantū” ti ābhogâbhāvato, sukhadukkhâdi-paramatthagāha-vimukhabhāvato avijjamānaggahaṇa-dukkhaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ath’assa paramatthagāhato vimukhabhāva-paricita-cittassa paramatthato avijjamānaggahaṇa-dukkha-cittassa ca anukkamâdhigataṃ viññāṇañcâyatanaṃ samatikkamma sabhāvato avijjamāne paramatthabhūtassa viññāṇassa abhāve cittaṃ upasaṃharato appakasiren’eva tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati. Iti upekkhā ākiñcaññâyatanassa upanissayo hoti, na tato paraṃ, tasmā ākiñcaññâyatana-paramā ti vuttā ti.

CST274

124

Evaṃ subha-paramâdi-vasena etāsaṃ ānubhāvaṃ viditvā, puna sabbā p’etā dānâdīnaṃ sabbakalyāṇadhammānaṃ paripūrikā ti veditabbā. Sattesu hi hitajjhāsayatāya, sattānaṃ dukkhâsahanatāya, pattasampatti-visesānaṃ ciraṭṭhitikāmatāya, sabbasattesu ca pakkhapātâbhāvena samappavattacittā mahāsattā,

1. “imassa dātabbaṃ, imassa na dātabban” ti vibhāgaṃ akatvā sabbasattānaṃ sukhanidānaṃ dānaṃ denti,
2. tesaṃ upaghātaṃ parivajjayantā sīlaṃ samādiyanti,
3. sīlaparipūraṇatthaṃ nekkhammaṃ bhajanti,
4. sattānaṃ hitâhitesu asammohatthāya paññaṃ pariyodapenti,
5. sattānaṃ hitasukhatthāya niccaṃ vīriyam ārabhanti,
6. uttamavīriyavasena vīrabhāvaṃ³⁷ pattā pi ca sattānaṃ nānappakārakaṃ aparādhaṃ khamanti,
7. “idaṃ vo dassāma karissāmā” ti kataṃ paṭiññaṃ na visaṃvādenti,
8. tesaṃ hitasukhāya avicalâdhiṭṭhānā honti,
9. tesu avicalāya mettāya pubbakārino honti,
10. upekkhāya paccupakāraṃ nâsīsantī ti

evaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā yāva dasabala-catuvesārajja-cha-asādhāraṇañāṇa-aṭṭhārasabuddhadhamma-ppabhede sabbe pi kalyāṇadhamme paripūrentī ti evaṃ dānâdi-sabbakalyāṇadhamma-paripūrikā etā va hontī ti.