说根谛品

Indriyasaccaniddeso

Indriyavitthārakathā

CST525

1

Dhātūnaṃ anantaraṃ uddiṭṭhāni pana indriyānī ti bāvīsatindriyāni:

1. cakkhundriyaṃ
2. sotindriyaṃ
3. ghānindriyaṃ
4. jivhindriyaṃ
5. kāyindriyaṃ
6. manindriyaṃ
7. itthindriyaṃ
8. purisindriyaṃ
9. jīvitindriyaṃ
10. sukhindriyaṃ
11. dukkhindriyaṃ
12. somanassindriyaṃ
13. domanassindriyaṃ
14. upekkhindriyaṃ
15. saddhindriyaṃ
16. vīriyindriyaṃ
17. satindriyaṃ
18. samādhindriyaṃ
19. paññindriyaṃ
20. anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ
21. aññindriyaṃ
22. aññātāvindriyan ti.

2

Tattha,

Atthato lakkhaṇâdīhi kamato ca vijāniyā
bhedâbhedā tathā kiccā bhūmito ca vinicchayaṃ.

3

Tattha cakkhâdīnaṃ tāva cakkhatī ti cakkhū ti ādinā nayena attho pakāsito. Pacchimesu pana tīsu, paṭhamaṃ pubbabhāge “anaññātaṃ amataṃ padaṃ catusaccadhammaṃ vā jānissāmī” ti evaṃ paṭipannassa uppajjanato, indriyaṭṭha-sambhavato ca anaññātaññassāmītindriyan ti vuttaṃ, dutiyaṃ ājānanato indriyaṭṭha-sambhavato ca aññindriyaṃ, tatiyaṃ aññātāvino catūsu saccesu niṭṭhitaññāṇakiccassa khīṇāsavassa uppajjanato, indriyaṭṭha-sambhavato ca aññātāvindriyaṃ.

4

Ko pana nesaṃ indriyaṭṭho nāmā ti? Indaliṅgaṭṭho indriyaṭṭho, indadesitaṭṭho indriyaṭṭho, indadiṭṭhaṭṭho indriyaṭṭho, indasiṭṭhaṭṭho indriyaṭṭho, indajuṭṭhaṭṭho indriyaṭṭho,¹ so sabbo pi idha yathāyogaṃ yujjati.

5

Bhagavā hi Sammāsambuddho paramissariyabhāvato indo, kusalâkusalañ ca kammaṃ kammesu kassaci issariyâbhāvato. Ten’ev’ettha kammasañjanitāni tāva indriyāni kusalâkusala-kammaṃ ulliṅgenti, tena ca siṭṭhānī ti indaliṅgaṭṭhena indasiṭṭhaṭṭhena ca indriyāni. Sabbān’eva pan’etāni Bhagavatā yathābhūtato pakāsitāni abhisambuddhāni cā ti indadesitaṭṭhena indadiṭṭhaṭṭhena ca indriyāni. Ten’eva Bhagavatā munindena kānici gocarâsevanāya, kānici bhāvanâsevanāya sevitānī ti indajuṭṭhaṭṭhenâpi indriyāni.

6

Api ca ādhipacca-saṅkhātena issariyaṭṭhenâpi etāni indriyāni. Cakkhuviññāṇâdi-ppavattiyañ hi cakkhâdīnaṃ siddhaṃ ādhipaccaṃ, tasmiṃ tikkhe tikkhattā, mande ca mandattā ti. Ayaṃ tāv’ettha atthato vinicchayo.

7

Lakkhaṇâdīhī ti lakkhaṇa-rasa-paccupaṭṭhāna-padaṭṭhānehi pi cakkhâdīnaṃ vinicchayaṃ vijāniyā ti attho, tāni ca nesaṃ lakkhaṇâdīni Khandhaniddese vuttān’eva. Paññindriyâdīni hi cattāri atthato amoho yeva. Sesāni tattha sarūpen’eva āgatāni.

CST526

8

Kamato ti ayam pi desanākkamo va. Tattha ajjhattadhamme pariññāya ariyabhūmi-paṭilābho hotī ti attabhāva-pariyāpannāni cakkhundriyâdīni paṭhamaṃ desitāni. So pana attabhāvo yaṃ dhammaṃ upādāya itthī ti vā puriso ti vā saṅkhaṃ gacchati, ayaṃ so ti nidassanatthaṃ tato itthindriyaṃ purisindriyañ ca. So duvidho pi jīvitindriya-paṭibaddhavuttī ti ñāpanatthaṃ tato jīvitindriyaṃ. Yāva tassa pavatti, tāva etesaṃ vedayitānaṃ anivatti, yañ ca kiñci vedayitaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ dukkhan ti ñāpanatthaṃ tato sukhindriyâdīni.

Taṃnirodhatthaṃ pana ete dhammā bhāvetabbā ti paṭipatti-dassanatthaṃ tato saddhâdīni. Imāya paṭipattiyā esa dhammo paṭhamaṃ attani pātubhavatī ti paṭipattiyā amoghabhāva-dassanatthaṃ tato anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ. Tass’eva phalattā tato anantaraṃ bhāvetabbato ca tato aññindriyaṃ. Tato paraṃ bhāvanāya imassa adhigamo, adhigate ca pana imasmiṃ natthi kiñci uttari-karaṇīyan ti ñāpanatthaṃ ante paramassāsabhūtaṃ aññātāvindriyaṃ desitan ti. Ayam ettha kamo.

9

Bhedâbhedā ti jīvitindriyass’eva c’ettha bhedo. Tañ hi rūpajīvitindriyaṃ arūpajīvitindriyan ti duvidhaṃ hoti. Sesānaṃ abhedo ti. Evam ettha bhedâbhedato vinicchayaṃ vijāniyā.

CST527

10

Kiccā ti kiṃ indriyānaṃ kiccan ti ce? Cakkhundriyassa tāva,

“Cakkhâyatanaṃ cakkhuviññāṇadhātuyā taṃsampayuttakānañ ca dhammānaṃ indriyapaccayena paccayo” ti (paṭṭhā.)

vacanato yaṃ taṃ indriyapaccaya-bhāvena sādhetabbaṃ attano tikkha-mandâdi-bhāvena cakkhuviññāṇâdi-dhammānaṃ tikkha-mandâdi-saṅkhātaṃ attâkārânuvattāpanaṃ, idaṃ kiccaṃ, evaṃ sota-ghāna-jivhā-kāyānaṃ.

Manindriyassa pana sahajāta-dhammānaṃ attano vasavattāpanaṃ. Jīvitindriyassa sahajāta-dhammânupālanaṃ. Itthindriya-purisindriyānaṃ itthi-purisa-liṅga-nimitta-kuttâkappâkārânuvidhānaṃ. Sukha-dukkha-somanassa-domanassindriyānaṃ sahajāta-dhamme abhibhavitvā yathāsakaṃ oḷārikâkārânupāpanaṃ. Upekkhindriyassa santa-paṇīta-majjhattâkārânupāpanaṃ. Saddhâdīnaṃ paṭipakkhâbhibhavanaṃ sampayuttadhammānañ ca pasannâkārâdi-bhāva-sampāpanaṃ.

Anaññātaññassāmītindriyassa saṃyojanattaya-ppahānañ c’eva sampayuttānañ ca tappahānâbhimukhabhāva-karaṇaṃ. Aññindriyassa kāmarāga-byāpādâdi-tanukaraṇa-ppahānañ c’eva sahajātānañ ca attano vasânuvattāpanaṃ. Aññātāvindriyassa sabbakiccesu ussukka-ppahānañ c’eva amatâbhimukhabhāva-paccayatā ca sampayuttānan ti. Evam ettha kiccato vinicchayaṃ vijāniyā.

CST528

11

Bhūmito ti cakkhu-sota-ghāna-jivhā-kāya-itthi-purisa-sukha-dukkha-domanassindriyāni c’ettha kāmāvacarān’eva. Manindriya-jīvitindriya-upekkhindriyāni saddhā-vīriya-sati-samādhi-paññindriyāni ca catubhūmi-pariyāpannāni. Somanassindriyaṃ kāmāvacara-rūpāvacara-lokuttaravasena bhūmittaya-pariyāpannaṃ. Avasāne tīṇi lokuttarān’evā ti. Evam ettha bhūmito pi vinicchayaṃ vijāneyya.

12

Evaṃ hi vijānanto

Saṃvegabahulo bhikkhu ṭhito indriyasaṃvare
indriyāni pariññāya dukkhass’antaṃ karissatī ti.

Idaṃ indriyānaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.

Saccavitthārakathā

CST529

13

Tadanantarāni pana saccānī ti cattāri ariyasaccāni: dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhasamudayo ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodho ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccan ti.

14

Tattha,

Vibhāgato, nibbacana-lakkhaṇâdi-ppabhedato,
atthatthuddhārato c’eva anūnâdhikato tathā,

Kamato, jāti-ādīnaṃ nicchayā, ñāṇakiccato,
antogadhānaṃ² pabhedā, upamāto, catukkato,

Suññat’ekavidhâdīhi, sabhāga-visabhāgato,
vinicchayo veditabbo viññunā sāsanakkame.

15

Tattha vibhāgato ti dukkhâdīnaṃ hi cattāro cattāro atthā vibhattā tathā avitathā anaññathā, ye dukkhâdīni abhisamentehi abhisametabbā. Yath’āha:

“Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho, ime cattāro dukkhassa dukkhaṭṭhā tathā avitathā anaññathā. Samudayassa āyūhanaṭṭho nidānaṭṭho saṃyogaṭṭho palibodhaṭṭho… Nirodhassa nissaraṇaṭṭho vivekaṭṭho asaṅkhataṭṭho amataṭṭho… Maggassa niyyānaṭṭho hetuṭṭho dassanaṭṭho adhipateyyaṭṭho, ime cattāro maggassa maggaṭṭhā tathā avitathā anaññathā” ti. (paṭi. ma. 2.8)

Tathā,

“Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho” ti (paṭi. ma. 2.11)

evamādi. Iti evaṃ vibhattānaṃ catunnaṃ catunnaṃ atthānaṃ vasena dukkhâdīni veditabbānī ti. Ayaṃ tāv’ettha vibhāgato vinicchayo.

CST530

16

Nibbacana-lakkhaṇâdi-ppabhedato ti ettha pana nibbacanato tāva idha du iti ayaṃ saddo kucchite dissati, — kucchitaṃ hi puttaṃ dupputto ti vadanti. Khaṃ³-saddo pana tucche, — tucchaṃ hi ākāsaṃ khan ti vuccati. Idañ ca paṭhamasaccaṃ kucchitaṃ aneka-upaddavâdhiṭṭhānato, tucchaṃ bālajana-parikappita-dhuva-subha-sukhatta-bhāva-virahitato, tasmā kucchitattā tucchattā ca dukkhan ti vuccati.

17

Saṃ iti ca ayaṃ saddo “samāgamo sametan” ti ādīsu (dī. ni. 2.396; vibha. 199) saṃyogaṃ dīpeti. U iti ayaṃ “uppannaṃ uditan” ti ādīsu (dha. sa. 1; mahāva. 84) uppattiṃ. Aya-saddo kāraṇaṃ dīpeti. Idañ câpi dutiyasaccaṃ avasesa-paccaya-samāyoge sati dukkhass’uppatti-kāraṇaṃ. Iti dukkhassa saṃyoge uppatti-kāraṇattā dukkhasamudayan ti vuccati.

18

Tatiyasaccaṃ pana yasmā ni-saddo abhāvaṃ, rodha-saddo ca cārakaṃ dīpeti, tasmā abhāvo ettha saṃsāra-cāraka-saṅkhātassa dukkha-rodhassa sabbagati-suññattā, samadhigate vā tasmiṃ saṃsāra-cāraka-saṅkhātassa dukkha-rodhassa abhāvo hoti, tappaṭipakkhattā ti pi dukkhanirodhan ti vuccati. Dukkhassa vā anuppāda-nirodha-paccayattā dukkhanirodhan ti.

19

Catutthasaccaṃ pana yasmā etaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ gacchati ārammaṇavasena tadabhimukhabhūtattā, paṭipadā ca hoti dukkhanirodhappattiyā, tasmā dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ti vuccati.

CST531

20

Yasmā pan’etāni Buddhâdayo ariyā paṭivijjhanti, tasmā ariyasaccānī ti vuccanti. Yath’āha:

“Cattār’imāni, bhikkhave, ariyasaccāni. Katamāni…pe… Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri ariyasaccāni”

ariyā imāni paṭivijjhanti, tasmā ariyasaccānī ti vuccantī ti.

21

Api ca ariyassa saccānī ti pi ariyasaccāni. Yath’āha:

“Sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe… manussāya Tathāgato ariyo, tasmā ariyasaccānī ti vuccantī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.1098)

Atha vā etesaṃ abhisambuddhattā ariyabhāvasiddhito pi ariyasaccāni. Yath’āha:

“Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ abhisambuddhattā Tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho ariyo ti vuccatī” ti.

22

Api ca kho pana ariyāni saccānī ti pi ariyasaccāni. Ariyānī ti tathāni avitathāni avisaṃvādakānī ti attho. Yath’āha:

“Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri ariyasaccāni tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni, tasmā ariyasaccānī ti vuccantī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.1097)

Evam ettha nibbacanato vinicchayo veditabbo.

CST532

23

Kathaṃ lakkhaṇâdi-ppabhedato? Ettha hi bādhana-lakkhaṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, santāpana-rasaṃ, pavatti-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Pabhava-lakkhaṇaṃ samudayasaccaṃ, anupacchedakaraṇa-rasaṃ, palibodha-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Santi-lakkhaṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, accuti-rasaṃ, animitta-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Niyyāna-lakkhaṇaṃ maggasaccaṃ, kilesappahāna-rasaṃ, vuṭṭhāna-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Api ca pavatti-pavattana-nivatti-nivattana-lakkhaṇāni paṭipāṭiyā, tathā saṅkhata-taṇhā-asaṅkhata-dassana-lakkhaṇāni cā ti. Evam ettha lakkhaṇâdi-ppabhedato vinicchayo veditabbo.

CST533

24

Atthatthuddhārato c’evā ti ettha pana atthato tāva ko saccaṭṭho ti ce? Yo paññācakkhunā upaparikkhamānānaṃ māyā va viparīto, marīci va visaṃvādako, titthiyānaṃ attā va anupalabbha-sabhāvo ca na hoti, atha kho bādhana-ppabhava-santi-niyyāna-ppakārena tacchâviparīta-bhūtabhāvena ariyañāṇassa gocaro hoti yeva, esa aggilakkhaṇaṃ viya, lokapakati viya ca tacchâviparīta-bhūtabhāvo saccaṭṭho ti veditabbo. Yath’āha:

“Idaṃ dukkhan ti, bhikkhave, tatham etaṃ avitatham etaṃ anaññatham etan” ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1090)

vitthāro.

25

Api ca,

Nâbādhakaṃ yato dukkhaṃ, dukkhā aññaṃ na bādhakaṃ,
bādhakatta-niyāmena tato saccam idaṃ mataṃ.

Taṃ vinā nâññato dukkhaṃ, na hoti na ca taṃ tato,
dukkhahetu-niyāmena iti saccaṃ visattikā.

Nâññā nibbānato santi, santaṃ na ca na taṃ yato,
santabhāva-niyāmena tato saccam idaṃ mataṃ.

Maggā aññaṃ na niyyānaṃ, aniyyāno na câpi so,
taccha-niyyāna-bhāvattā iti so saccasammato.

Iti tacchâvipallāsa-bhūtabhāvaṃ catūsv api
dukkhâdīsv avisesena saccaṭṭhaṃ āhu paṇḍitā ti.

Evaṃ atthato vinicchayo veditabbo.

CST534

26

Kathaṃ atthuddhārato? Idhâyaṃ sacca-saddo anekesu atthesu dissati. Seyyathidaṃ:

“Saccaṃ bhaṇe na kujjheyyā” ti (dha. pa. 224)

ādīsu vācāsacce.

“Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā cā” ti (jā. 2.21.433)

ādīsu viratisacce.

“Kasmā nu saccāni vadanti nānā, pavādiyāse kusalāvadānā” ti (su. ni. 892)

ādīsu diṭṭhisacce.

“Ekaṃ hi saccaṃ na dutiyan” ti (su. ni. 891)

ādīsu paramatthasacce nibbāne c’eva magge ca.

“Catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ kati kusalā” ti (vibha. 216)

ādīsu ariyasacce. Svâyam idhâpi ariyasacce vattatī ti. Evam ettha atthuddhārato pi vinicchayo veditabbo.

CST535

27

Anūnâdhikato ti kasmā pana cattār’eva ariyasaccāni vuttāni anūnāni anadhikānī ti ce? Aññassâsambhavato aññatarassa ca apaneyyâbhāvato. Na hi etehi aññaṃ adhikaṃ vā, etesaṃ vā ekam pi apanetabbaṃ sambhoti. Yath’āha:

“Idha, bhikkhave, āgaccheyya samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ‘n’etaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, aham etaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī’ ti n’etaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī” ti ādi.

Yathā c’āha:

“Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃ vadeyya ‘n’etaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ yaṃ samaṇena Gotamena desitaṃ, aham etaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paccakkhāya aññaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī’ ti n’etaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī” ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1086) ādi.

28

Api ca pavattim ācikkhanto Bhagavā sahetukaṃ ācikkhi, nivattiñ ca sa-upāyaṃ. Iti pavatti-nivatti-tadubhayahetūnaṃ etaparamato cattār’eva vuttāni. Tathā pariññeyya-pahātabba-sacchikātabba-bhāvetabbānaṃ, taṇhāvatthu-taṇhā-taṇhānirodha-taṇhānirodhupāyānaṃ, ālaya-ālayârāmatā-ālayasamugghāta-ālayasamugghātupāyānañ ca vasenâpi cattār’eva vuttānī ti. Evam ettha anūnâdhikato vinicchayo veditabbo.

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Kamato ti ayam pi desanākkamo va. Ettha ca oḷārikattā, sabbasatta-sādhāraṇattā ca suviññeyyan ti dukkhasaccaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttaṃ, tass’eva hetudassanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayasaccaṃ, hetunirodhā phalanirodho ti ñāpanatthaṃ tato nirodhasaccaṃ, tadadhigamupāya-dassanatthaṃ ante maggasaccaṃ.

30

Bhavasukhassāda-gadhitānaṃ vā sattānaṃ saṃvega-jananatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ dukkham āha, taṃ n’eva akataṃ āgacchati, na Issaranimmānâdito hoti, ito pana hotī ti ñāpanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayaṃ, tato sahetukena dukkhena abhibhūtattā saṃvigga-mānasānaṃ dukkhanissaraṇa-gavesīnaṃ nissaraṇa-dassanena assāsa-jananatthaṃ nirodhaṃ, tato nirodhâdhigamatthaṃ nirodhasampāpakaṃ maggan ti. Evam ettha kamato vinicchayo veditabbo.

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31

Jāti-ādīnaṃ nicchayā ti ye te ariyasaccāni niddisantena Bhagavatā

“Jāti pi dukkhā, jarā pi dukkhā, maraṇam pi dukkhaṃ, soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassupāyāsā pi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yam p’icchaṃ na labhati tam pi dukkhaṃ, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā” ti (vibha. 190)

dukkhaniddese dvādasa dhammā,

“Yā’yaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā nandīrāga-sahagatā tatratatrâbhinandinī, seyyathidaṃ: kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā” ti (vibha. 203)

samudayaniddese tividhā taṇhā,

“Yo tassā yeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo” ti (vibha. 204)

evaṃ nirodhaniddese atthato ekam eva nibbānaṃ,

“Katamaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ? Ayam eva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ: sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhī” ti (vibha. 205)

evaṃ magganiddese aṭṭha dhammā ti, iti catunnaṃ saccānaṃ niddese jāti-ādayo dhammā vuttā, tesaṃ jāti-ādīnaṃ nicchayā pi ettha vinicchayo veditabbo.

Dukkhaniddesakathā

32

Seyyathidaṃ: ayañ hi jāti-saddo anekattho. Tathā h’esa,

“Ekam pi jātiṃ dve pi jātiyo” ti (dī. ni. 1.244; pārā. 12)

ettha bhave āgato.

“Atthi, Visākhe, Nigaṇṭhā nāma samaṇajātī” ti (a. ni. 3.71)

ettha nikāye.

“Jāti dvīhi khandhehi saṅgahitā” ti (dhātu. 71)

ettha saṅkhatalakkhaṇe.

“Yaṃ mātukucchismiṃ paṭhamaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ, paṭhamaṃ viññāṇaṃ pātubhūtaṃ, tad upādāya sā v’assa jātī” ti (mahāva. 124)

ettha paṭisandhiyaṃ.

“Sampatijāto, Ānanda, bodhisatto” ti (ma. ni. 3.207)

ettha pasūtiyaṃ.

“Akkhitto anupakuṭṭho jātivādenā” ti (dī. ni. 1.331)

ettha kule.

“Yato’haṃ, bhagini, ariyāya jātiyā jāto” ti (ma. ni. 2.351)

ettha ariyasīle.

CST538

33

Svâyam idha gabbhaseyyakānaṃ paṭisandhito paṭṭhāya yāva mātukucchimhā nikkhamanaṃ, tāva pavattesu khandhesu, itaresaṃ paṭisandhi-khandhesv evā ti daṭṭhabbo. Ayam pi ca pariyāyakathā va. Nippariyāyato pana tattha tattha nibbattamānānaṃ sattānaṃ ye ye khandhā pātubhavanti, tesaṃ tesaṃ paṭhamapātubhāvo jāti nāma.

34

Sā pan’esā tattha tattha bhave paṭhamâbhinibbatti-lakkhaṇā, niyyātana-rasā, atītabhavato idha ummujjana-paccupaṭṭhānā, dukkhavicittatā-paccupaṭṭhānā vā.

CST539

Kasmā pan’esā dukkhā ti ce? Anekesaṃ dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvato. Anekāni hi dukkhāni, seyyathidaṃ: dukkha-dukkhaṃ, vipariṇāma-dukkhaṃ, saṅkhāra-dukkhaṃ, paṭicchanna-dukkhaṃ, appaṭicchanna-dukkhaṃ, pariyāya-dukkhaṃ, nippariyāya-dukkhan ti.

35

Tattha kāyika-cetasikā dukkhā vedanā sabhāvato ca nāmato ca dukkhattā dukkha-dukkhan ti vuccati. Sukhā vedanā vipariṇāmena⁴ dukkhuppatti-hetuto vipariṇāma-dukkhaṃ. Upekkhā vedanā c’eva avasesā ca tebhūmakā saṅkhārā udayabbaya-ppaṭipīḷitattā⁵ saṅkhāra-dukkhaṃ.

Kaṇṇasūla-dantasūla-rāgajapariḷāha-dosajapariḷāhâdi-kāyika-cetasiko ābādho pucchitvā jānitabbato upakkamassa ca apākaṭabhāvato paṭicchanna-dukkhaṃ nāma, apākaṭa-dukkhan ti pi vuccati. Dvattiṃsa-kammakāraṇâdi-samuṭṭhāno ābādho apucchitvā va jānitabbato upakkamassa ca pākaṭabhāvato appaṭicchanna-dukkhaṃ nāma, pākaṭa-dukkhan ti pi vuccati.

Ṭhapetvā dukkha-dukkhaṃ sesaṃ Dukkhasaccavibhaṅge āgataṃ, jāti-ādi sabbam pi tassa tassa dukkhassa vatthubhāvato pariyāya-dukkhaṃ. Dukkha-dukkhaṃ pana nippariyāya-dukkhan ti vuccati.

36

Tatrâyaṃ jāti yaṃ taṃ Bālapaṇḍitasuttâdīsu (ma. ni. 3.246 ādayo) Bhagavatā pi upamāvasena pakāsitaṃ āpāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ, yañ ca sugatiyam pi manussaloke gabbhokkanti-mūlakâdi-bhedaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati, tassa vatthubhāvato dukkhā.

CST540

37

Tatr’idaṃ gabbhokkanti-mūlakâdi-bhedaṃ dukkhaṃ. Ayaṃ hi satto mātukucchimhi nibbattamāno na uppala-paduma-puṇḍarīkâdīsu nibbattati, atha kho heṭṭhā āmâsayassa, upari pakkâsayassa, udara-paṭala-piṭṭhikaṇṭakānaṃ vemajjhe paramasambādhe tibbandhakāre nānākuṇapa-gandha-paribhāvita-paramaduggandha-pavana-vicarite adhimatta-jegucche kucchipadese, pūtimaccha-pūtikummāsa-candanikâdīsu kimi viya nibbattati. So tattha nibbatto dasa māse mātukucchi-sambhavena usmanā puṭapākaṃ viya paccamāno, piṭṭhapiṇḍi viya sediyamāno, samiñjana-pasāraṇâdi-rahito adhimattaṃ dukkham anubhotī ti. Idaṃ tāva gabbhokkanti-mūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ.

38

Yaṃ pana so mātu sahasā upakkhalana-gamana-nisīdana-vuṭṭhāna-parivattanâdīsu surā-dhutta-hatthagato eḷako viya, ahi-tuṇḍika-hatthagato sappapotako viya ca ākaḍḍhana-parikaḍḍhana-odhūnana-niddhūnanâdinā upakkamena adhimattaṃ dukkham anubhavati, yañ ca mātu sītûdaka-pānakāle sītanarakupapanno viya, uṇhayāgu-bhattâdi-ajjhoharaṇakāle aṅgāravuṭṭhi-samparikiṇṇo viya, loṇambilâdi-ajjhoharaṇakāle khārâpaṭicchakâdi-kammakāraṇapatto⁶ viya tibbaṃ dukkham anubhoti, idaṃ gabbha-pariharaṇa-mūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ.

39

Yaṃ pan’assa mūḷhagabbhāya mātuyā mittâmacca-suhajjâdīhi pi adassanârahe dukkhuppattiṭṭhāne chedana-phālanâdīhi dukkhaṃ uppajjati, idaṃ gabbha-vipatti-mūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ.

40

Yaṃ vijāyamānāya mātuyā kammajehi vātehi parivattetvā naraka-papātaṃ viya atibhayānakaṃ yonimaggaṃ paṭipātiyamānassa paramasambādhena yonimukhena tāḷacchiggaḷena viya nikkaḍḍhiyamānassa mahānāgassa, naraka-sattassa viya ca saṅghāta-pabbatehi vicuṇṇiyamānassa dukkhaṃ uppajjati, idaṃ vijāyana-mūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ.

41

Yaṃ pana jātassa taruṇavaṇa-sadisa-sukhumāla-sarīrassa hattha-gahaṇana-hāpana-dhovana-coḷaparimajjanâdi-kāle sūcimukha-khura-dhārāhi vijjhana-phālana-sadisaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati, idaṃ mātukucchito bahi-nikkhamana-mūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ.

42

Yaṃ tato paraṃ pavattiyaṃ attanā va attānaṃ vadhentassa, acelakavatâdi-vasena ātāpana-paritāpanânuyogam anuyuttassa, kodhavasena abhuñjantassa, ubbandhantassa ca dukkhaṃ uppajjati⁷, idaṃ attûpakkama-mūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ.

43

Yaṃ pana parato vadha-bandhanâdīni anubhavantassa uppajjati, idaṃ parûpakkama-mūlakaṃ dukkhan ti. Iti imassa sabbassâpi dukkhassa ayaṃ jāti vatthum eva hoti.

CST541

Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Jāyetha no ce narakesu satto,
tattaggidāhâdikam⁸ appasayhaṃ
labhetha dukkhaṃ nu kuhiṃ patiṭṭhaṃ
icc āha dukkhā ti Munîdha jātiṃ.

Dukkhaṃ tiracchesu kasā-patoda-
daṇḍâbhighātâdi-bhavaṃ anekaṃ,
yaṃ taṃ kathaṃ tattha bhaveyya jātiṃ
vinā, tahiṃ jāti tato pi dukkhā.

Petesu dukkhaṃ pana khuppipāsā-
vātâtapâdi-ppabhavaṃ vicittaṃ,
yasmā ajātassa na tattha atthi,
tasmā pi dukkhaṃ Muni jātim āha.

Tibbandhakāre ca asayha-sīte
lokantare yaṃ asuresu dukkhaṃ,
na taṃ bhave tattha na c’assa jāti,
yato ayaṃ jāti tato pi dukkhā.

Yañ câpi gūthanarake viya mātugabbhe
satto vasaṃ ciram ato⁹ bahi nikkhamañ ca
pappoti dukkham atighoram idam pi natthi
jātiṃ vinā, iti pi jāti ayañ hi dukkhā.

Kiṃ bhāsitena bahunā, na nu yaṃ kuhiñci
atthîdha kiñcid api dukkham idaṃ kadāci
n’ev’atthi jātivirahena¹⁰, yato¹¹ Mahesi
dukkhā ti sabbapaṭhamaṃ imam āha jātin ti.

Ayaṃ tāva jātiyaṃ vinicchayo.

CST542

44

Jarā pi dukkhā ti ettha duvidhā jarā: saṅkhata-lakkhaṇañ ca, khaṇḍiccâdi-sammato santatiyaṃ ekabhava-pariyāpanna-khandha-purāṇa-bhāvo ca, sā idha adhippetā. Sā pan’esā jarā khandha-paripāka-lakkhaṇā, maraṇûpanayana-rasā, yobbana-vināsa-paccupaṭṭhānā, dukkhā saṅkhāradukkha-bhāvato c’eva dukkha-vatthuto ca.

45

Yaṃ hi aṅgapaccaṅga-sithilībhāva-indriyavikāravirūpatā-yobbanavināsa-balûpaghāta-satimativippavāsa-paraparibhavâdi-aneka-paccayaṃ kāyika-cetasika-dukkhaṃ uppajjati, jarā tassa vatthu. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Aṅgānaṃ sithilībhāvā, indriyānaṃ vikārato,
yobbanassa vināsena, balassa upaghātato,

Vippavāsā satâdīnaṃ, puttadārehi attano
apasādanīyato c’eva, bhiyyo bālattapattiyā

Pappoti dukkhaṃ yaṃ macco kāyikaṃ mānasaṃ tathā,
sabbam etaṃ jarāhetu yasmā, tasmā jarā dukhā ti.

Ayaṃ jarāyaṃ vinicchayo.

CST543

46

Maraṇam pi dukkhan ti etthâpi duvidhaṃ maraṇaṃ: saṅkhata-lakkhaṇañ ca, yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ

“Jarāmaraṇaṃ dvīhi khandhehi saṅgahitan” ti, (dhātu. 71)

ekabhava-pariyāpanna-jīvitindriya-ppabandha-vicchedo ca, yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ

“Niccaṃ maraṇato bhayan” ti, (su. ni. 582)

taṃ idha adhippetaṃ. Jātipaccayā maraṇaṃ, upakkama-maraṇaṃ, sarasa-maraṇaṃ, āyukkhaya-maraṇaṃ, puññakkhaya-maraṇan ti pi tass’eva nāmaṃ.

47

Tayidaṃ cutilakkhaṇaṃ, viyoga-rasaṃ, gativippavāsa-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ, dukkhassa pana vatthubhāvato dukkhan ti veditabbaṃ. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Pāpassa pāpakammâdi-nimittam anupassato,
bhaddassâp’asahantassa viyogaṃ piyavatthukaṃ

Mīyamānassa yaṃ dukkhaṃ mānasaṃ, avisesato
sabbesañ câpi yaṃ sandhi-bandhana-cchedanâdikaṃ

Vitujjamāna-mammānaṃ hoti dukkhaṃ sarīrajaṃ
asayham appatikāraṃ, dukkhass’etass’idaṃ yato
maraṇaṃ vatthu, ten’etaṃ dukkham icc eva bhāsitan ti.

Ayaṃ maraṇe vinicchayo.

CST544

48

Sokâdīsu soko nāma ñāti-byasanâdīhi phuṭṭhassa cittasantāpo. So kiñcâpi atthato domanassam eva hoti, evaṃ sante pi antonijjhāna-lakkhaṇo, cetaso parijjhāpana-raso, anusocana-paccupaṭṭhāno, dukkho pana dukkhadukkhato dukkhavatthuto ca. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Sattānaṃ hadayaṃ soko visasallaṃ va tujjati,
aggitatto va nārāco bhusaṃ va dahate puna,

Samāvahati ca byādhi-jarāmaraṇa-bhedanaṃ
dukkham pi vividhaṃ yasmā, tasmā dukkho ti vuccatī ti.

Ayaṃ soke vinicchayo.

CST545

49

Paridevo nāma ñāti-byasanâdīhi phuṭṭhassa vacīpalāpo. So lālappana-lakkhaṇo, guṇadosa-kittana-raso, sambhama-paccupaṭṭhāno, dukkho pana saṅkhāradukkha-bhāvato dukkhavatthuto ca. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Yaṃ sokasallavihato paridevamāno
kaṇṭhoṭṭha-tālutala-sosajam appasayhaṃ
bhiyyo’dhimattam adhigacchati yeva dukkhaṃ,
dukkho ti tena Bhagavā paridevam āhā ti.

Ayaṃ parideve vinicchayo.

CST546

50

Dukkhaṃ nāma kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ. Taṃ kāyapīḷana-lakkhaṇaṃ, duppaññānaṃ domanassakaraṇa-rasaṃ, kāyikâbādha-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ, dukkhaṃ pana dukkhadukkhato mānasadukkhâvahanato ca. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Pīḷeti kāyikam idaṃ dukkhañ ca mānasaṃ bhiyyo
janayati yasmā, tasmā dukkhan ti visesato vuttan ti.

Ayaṃ dukkhe vinicchayo.

CST547

51

Domanassaṃ nāma mānasaṃ dukkhaṃ. Taṃ cittapīḷana-lakkhaṇaṃ, manovighāta-rasaṃ, mānasabyādhi-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ, dukkhaṃ pana dukkhadukkhato kāyikadukkhâvahanato ca. Cetodukkha-samappitā hi kese pakiriya kandanti, urāni paṭipisanti, āvaṭṭanti, vivaṭṭanti, uddhaṃpādaṃ papatanti, satthaṃ āharanti, visaṃ khādanti, rajjuyā ubbandhanti, aggiṃ pavisantī ti taṃ nānappakārakaṃ dukkham anubhavanti. Ten’etaṃ vuccati

Pīḷeti yato cittaṃ kāyassa ca pīḷanaṃ samāvahati,
dukkhan ti domanassaṃ vidomanassā tato āhū ti.

Ayaṃ domanasse vinicchayo.

CST548

52

Upāyāso nāma ñāti-byasanâdīhi phuṭṭhassa adhimatta-cetodukkha-ppabhāvito doso yeva, saṅkhārakkhandha-pariyāpanno eko dhammo ti eke. So cittaparidahana-lakkhaṇo, nitthunana-raso, visāda-paccupaṭṭhāno, dukkho pana saṅkhāradukkha-bhāvato cittaparidahanato kāyavisādanato ca. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Cittassa ca paridahanā kāyassa visādanā ca adhimattaṃ
yaṃ dukkham upāyāso janeti, dukkho tato vutto ti.

Ayaṃ upāyāse vinicchayo.

53

Ettha ca mandagginā anto bhājane pāko viya soko, tikkhagginā paccamānassa bhājanato bahi nikkhamanaṃ viya paridevo, bahi nikkhantâvasesassa nikkhamituṃ appahontassa antobhājane yeva yāva parikkhayā pāko viya upāyāso daṭṭhabbo.

CST549

54

Appiyasampayogo nāma amanāpehi satta-saṅkhārehi samodhānaṃ. So aniṭṭhasamodhāna-lakkhaṇo, cittavighātakaraṇa-raso, anatthabhāva-paccupaṭṭhāno, dukkho pana dukkhavatthuto. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Disvā va appiye dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ hoti cetasi,
tadupakkama-sambhūtam atha kāye yato idha,

Tato dukkhadvayassâpi vatthuto so Mahesinā
dukkho vutto ti viññeyyo appiyehi samāgamo ti.

Ayaṃ appiyasampayoge vinicchayo.

CST550

55

Piyavippayogo nāma manāpehi satta-saṅkhārehi vinābhāvo. So iṭṭhavatthuviyoga-lakkhaṇo, sokuppādana-raso, byasana-paccupaṭṭhāno, dukkho pana sokadukkhassa vatthuto. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Ñāti-dhanâdi-viyogā sokasara-samappitā vitujjanti
bālā yato, tato yaṃ dukkho ti mato piyavippayogo ti.

Ayaṃ piyavippayoge vinicchayo.

CST551

56

Yam p’icchaṃ na labhatī ti ettha,

“Aho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāmā” ti (dī. ni. 2.398; vibha. 201)

ādīsu alabbhaneyya-vatthūsu icchā va, yam p’icchaṃ na labhati, tam pi dukkhan ti vuttā. Sā alabbhaneyyavatthu-icchana-lakkhaṇā, tappariyesana-rasā, tesaṃ appatti-paccupaṭṭhānā, dukkhā pana dukkhavatthuto. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Taṃ taṃ patthayamānānaṃ tassa tassa alābhato
yaṃ vighātamayaṃ dukkhaṃ sattānaṃ idha jāyati,

Alabbhaneyyavatthūnaṃ patthanā tassa kāraṇaṃ
yasmā, tasmā Jino dukkhaṃ icchitâlābham abravī ti.

Ayaṃ icchitâlābhe vinicchayo.

CST552

57

Saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā ti ettha pana,

Jātippabhutikaṃ dukkhaṃ yaṃ vuttam idha Tādinā
avuttaṃ yañ ca taṃ sabbaṃ vinā ete na vijjati

Yasmā, tasmā upādānakkhandhā saṅkhepato ime
dukkhā ti vuttā dukkhanta-desakena Mahesinā.

58

Tathā hi indhanam iva pāvako, lakkham iva paharaṇāni, gorūpaṃ viya ḍaṃsa-makasâdayo, khettam iva lāyakā, gāmaṃ viya gāmaghātakā, upādānakkhandhapañcakam eva jāti-ādayo nānappakārehi vibādhentā, tiṇalatâdīni viya bhūmiyaṃ, puppha-phala-pallavāni viya rukkhesu, upādānakkhandhesu yeva nibbattanti.

59

Upādānakkhandhānañ ca ādi-dukkhaṃ jāti, majjhe dukkhaṃ jarā, pariyosāna-dukkhaṃ maraṇaṃ, māraṇantika-dukkhâbhighātena pariḍayhana-dukkhaṃ soko, tadasahanato lālappana-dukkhaṃ paridevo, tato dhātukkhobha-saṅkhāta-aniṭṭhaphoṭṭhabba-samāyogato kāyassa ābādhana-dukkhaṃ dukkhaṃ, tena bādhiyamānānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ tattha paṭighuppattito cetobādhana-dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ, sokâdi-vuddhiyā janita-visādānaṃ anutthunana-dukkhaṃ upāyāso, manoratha-vighāta-ppattānaṃ icchāvighāta-dukkhaṃ icchitâlābho ti evaṃ nānappakārato upaparikkhiyamānā upādānakkhandhā va dukkhā ti.

60

Yad etaṃ ekamekaṃ dassetvā vuccamānaṃ anekehi pi kappehi na sakkā asesato vattuṃ, tasmā taṃ sabbam pi dukkhaṃ ekajalabindumhi sakala-samudda-jalarasaṃ viya, yesu kesuci pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu saṃkhipitvā dassetuṃ “saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā” ti Bhagavā avocā ti. Ayaṃ upādānakkhandhesu vinicchayo.

Ayaṃ tāva dukkhaniddese nayo.

Samudayaniddesakathā

CST553

61

Samudayaniddese pana yā’yaṃ taṇhā ti yā ayaṃ taṇhā. Ponobbhavikā ti punabbhava-karaṇaṃ punobbhavo, punobbhavo sīlam etissā ti ponobbhavikā. Nandīrāgena saha gatā ti nandīrāga-sahagatā, nandīrāgena saddhiṃ atthato ekattam eva gatā ti vuttaṃ hoti. Tatratatrâbhinandinī ti yatra yatra attabhāvo nibbattati, tatra tatrâbhinandinī. Seyyathidan ti nipāto, tassa “sā katamā¹² ti ce” ti attho. Kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā ti imā Paṭiccasamuppādaniddese (XVII.233-35) āvibhavissanti. Idha panâyaṃ tividhā pi dukkhasaccassa nibbattakaṭṭhena ekattaṃ upanetvā, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccan ti vuttā ti veditabbā.

Ayaṃ samudayaniddese nayo.

Nirodhaniddesakathā

CST554

62

Dukkhanirodhaniddese “yo tassā yeva taṇhāyā” ti ādinā nayena samudayanirodho vutto, so kasmā ti ce? Samudayanirodhena dukkhanirodho. Samudayanirodhena hi dukkhaṃ nirujjhati, na aññathā. Ten’āha:

“Yathā pi mūle anupaddave daḷhe
chinno pi rukkho punad eva rūhati,
evam pi taṇhânusaye anūhate
nibbattatī dukkham idaṃ punappunan” ti. (dha. pa. 338)

63

Iti yasmā samudayanirodhen’eva dukkhaṃ nirujjhati, tasmā Bhagavā dukkhanirodhaṃ desento samudayanirodhen’eva desesi. Sīhasamānavuttino hi Tathāgatā, te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañ ca desentā hetumhi paṭipajjanti, na phale. Suvānavuttino pana titthiyā, te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañ ca desentā attakilamathânuyoga-desanâdīhi phale paṭipajjanti, na hetumhī ti. Evaṃ tāva dukkhanirodhassa samudayanirodhavasena desanāya payojanaṃ veditabbaṃ.

CST555

64

Ayaṃ pan’attho. Tassā yeva taṇhāyā ti tassā “ponobbhavikā” ti vatvā kāmataṇhâdi-vasena vibhattataṇhāya. Virāgo vuccati maggo,

“Virāgā vimuccatī” ti (ma. ni. 1.245; saṃ. ni. 3.14)

hi vuttaṃ, virāgena nirodho virāganirodho. Anusayasamugghātato aseso virāganirodho asesavirāganirodho. Atha vā virāgo ti pahānaṃ vuccati, tasmā aseso virāgo aseso nirodho ti evam p’ettha yojanā daṭṭhabbā. Atthato pana sabbān’eva etāni nibbānassa vevacanāni.

65

Paramatthato hi dukkhanirodho ariyasaccan ti nibbānaṃ vuccati. Yasmā pana taṃ āgamma taṇhā virajjati c’eva nirujjhati ca, tasmā virāgo ti ca nirodho ti ca vuccati. Yasmā ca tad eva āgamma tassā cāgâdayo honti, kāmaguṇâlayesu c’ettha eko pi ālayo natthi, tasmā cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo ti vuccati.

CST556

66

Tayidaṃ santi-lakkhaṇaṃ, accuti-rasaṃ, assāsakaraṇa-rasaṃ vā, animitta-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ, nippapañca-paccupaṭṭhānaṃ vā.

Nibbānakathā

CST557

67

Natth’eva nibbānaṃ, sasavisāṇaṃ viya anupalabbhanīyato ti ce, — na, upāyena upalabbhanīyato. Upalabbhati hi taṃ tadanurūpa-paṭipatti-saṅkhātena upāyena, cetopariyañāṇena paresaṃ lokuttaracittaṃ viya, tasmā “anupalabbhanīyato natthī” ti na vattabbaṃ. Na hi “yaṃ bālaputhujjanā na upalabhanti, taṃ natthī” ti vattabbaṃ.

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Api ca “nibbānaṃ natthī” ti na vattabbaṃ. Kasmā? Paṭipattiyā vañjhabhāvâpajjanato. Asati hi nibbāne sammādiṭṭhi-purejavāya sīlâdi-khandhattaya-saṅgahāya sammāpaṭipattiyā vañjhabhāvo āpajjati, na câyaṃ vañjhā, nibbāna-pāpanato ti.

Na paṭipattiyā vañjhabhāvâpatti, abhāvapāpakattā ti ce, — na, atītânāgatâbhāve pi nibbānapattiyā abhāvato.

Vattamānānam pi abhāvo nibbānan ti ce, — na, tesaṃ abhāvâsambhavato, abhāve ca avattamānabhāvâpajjanato, vattamānakkhandha-nissita-maggakkhaṇe ca sopādisesa-nibbānadhātu-ppattiyā abhāvadosato.

Tadā kilesānaṃ avattamānattā na doso ti ce, — na, ariyamaggassa niratthaka-bhāvâpajjanato. Evañ hi sati ariyamaggakkhaṇato pubbe pi kilesā na santī ti ariyamaggassa niratthaka-bhāvo āpajjati, tasmā akāraṇam etaṃ.

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“Yo kho, āvuso, rāgakkhayo” ti (saṃ. ni. 4.315)

ādivacanato “khayo nibbānan” ti ce, — na, arahattassâpi khayamattâpajjanato. Tam pi hi,

“Yo kho, āvuso, rāgakkhayo” ti (saṃ. ni. 4.315)

ādinā nayena niddiṭṭhaṃ. Kiñca bhiyyo nibbānassa ittarakālâdi-ppatti-dosato. Evañ hi sati nibbānaṃ ittarakālaṃ, saṅkhata-lakkhaṇaṃ, sammāvāyāma-nirapekkhâdhigamanīya-bhāvañ ca āpajjati, saṅkhata-lakkhaṇattā yeva ca saṅkhata-pariyāpannaṃ, saṅkhata-pariyāpannattā rāgâdīhi aggīhi ādittaṃ, ādittattā dukkhañ cā ti pi āpajjati.

Yasmā khayā paṭṭhāya na bhiyyo pavatti nāma hoti, tassa nibbāna-bhāvato na doso ti ce, — na, tādisassa khayassa abhāvato, bhāve pi c’assa vuttappakāra-dosânativattanato, ariyamaggassa ca nibbāna-bhāvâpajjanato. Ariyamaggo hi dose khīṇeti, tasmā khayo ti vuccati, tato ca paṭṭhāya na bhiyyo dosānaṃ pavattī ti.

70

Anuppatti-nirodha-saṅkhātassa pana khayassa pariyāyena upanissayattā, yassa upanissayo hoti, tadupacārena khayo ti vuttaṃ. Sarūpen’eva kasmā na vuttan ti ce, — atisukhumattā. Atisukhumatā c’assa Bhagavato apposukkabhāvâvahanato, ariyena cakkhunā passitabbato ca siddhā ti.

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Tayidaṃ maggasamaṅginā pattabbato asādhāraṇaṃ, purimakoṭiyā abhāvato appabhavaṃ. Maggabhāve bhāvato na appabhavan ti ce, — na, maggena anuppādanīyato. Pattabbam eva h’etaṃ maggena, na uppādetabbaṃ, tasmā appabhavam eva. Appabhavattā ajarāmaraṇaṃ, pabhava-jarā-maraṇānaṃ abhāvato niccaṃ.

72

Nibbānass’eva aṇu-ādīnam pi niccabhāvâpattī ti ce, — na, hetuno abhāvā. Nibbānassa niccattā te niccā ti ce, — na, hetulakkhaṇassa anupapattito. Niccā uppādâdīnaṃ abhāvato nibbānaṃ viyā ti ce, — na, aṇu-ādīnaṃ asiddhattā.

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Yathāvutta-yuttisabbhāvato pana idam eva niccaṃ. Rūpasabhāvâtikkamato arūpaṃ. Buddhâdīnaṃ niṭṭhāya visesâbhāvato ekā va niṭṭhā. Yena bhāvanāya pattaṃ, tassa kilesa-vūpasamaṃ, upādisesañ ca upādāya paññāpanīyattā saha upādisesena paññāpiyatī ti sa-upādisesaṃ. Yo c’assa samudayappahānena upahatâyati-kammaphalassa carimacittato ca uddhaṃ pavatti-khandhānaṃ anuppādanato uppannānañ ca antaradhānato upādisesâbhāvo, taṃ upādāya paññāpanīyato “natthi ettha upādiseso” ti anupādisesaṃ.

74

Asithila-parakkama-siddhena ñāṇavisesena adhigamanīyato Sabbaññuvacanato ca paramatthena sabhāvato nibbānaṃ nâvijjamānaṃ. Vuttañ h’etaṃ:

“Atthi, bhikkhave, ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhatan” ti. (udā. 73)

Idaṃ dukkhanirodhaniddese vinicchayakathāmukhaṃ.

Magganiddesakathā

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Dukkhanirodhagāminipaṭipadāniddese vuttā pana aṭṭha dhammā kāmaṃ Khandhaniddese pi atthato pakāsitā yeva, idha pana nesaṃ ekakkhaṇe pavattamānānaṃ visesâvabodhanatthaṃ vadāma.

76

Saṅkhepato hi catusaccapaṭivedhāya paṭipannassa yogino nibbānârammaṇaṃ avijjânusaya-samugghātakaṃ paññācakkhu sammādiṭṭhi. Sā sammādassana-lakkhaṇā, dhātuppakāsana-rasā, avijjandhakāra-viddhaṃsana-paccupaṭṭhānā.

77

Tathā sampannadiṭṭhino taṃsampayuttaṃ micchāsaṅkappa-nighātakaṃ cetaso nibbānapadâbhiniropanaṃ sammāsaṅkappo. So sammācittâbhiniropana-lakkhaṇo, appanā-raso, micchāsaṅkappa-ppahāna-paccupaṭṭhāno.

78

Tathā passato vitakkayato ca taṃsampayuttā va vacīduccarita-samugghātikā micchāvācāya virati sammāvācā nāma. Sā pariggaha-lakkhaṇā, viramaṇa-rasā, micchāvācā-ppahāna-paccupaṭṭhānā.

79

Tathā viramato taṃsampayuttā va micchākammanta-samucchedikā pāṇâtipātâdi-virati sammākammanto nāma. So samuṭṭhāpana¹³-lakkhaṇo, viramaṇa-raso, micchākammanta-ppahāna-paccupaṭṭhāno.

80

Yā pan’assa tesaṃ sammāvācā-kammantānaṃ visuddhibhūtā¹⁴ taṃsampayuttā va kuhanâdi-upacchedikā micchâjīva-virati, so sammā-ājīvo nāma. So vodāna-lakkhaṇo, ñāyâjīva-pavatti-raso, micchâjīva-ppahāna-paccupaṭṭhāno.

81

Ath’assa yo tassā sammāvācā-kammantâjīva-saṅkhātāya sīlabhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhitassa tadanurūpo taṃsampayutto va kosajja-samucchedako vīriyârambho, esa sammāvāyāmo nāma. So paggaha-lakkhaṇo, anuppanna-akusalânuppādanâdi-raso, micchāvāyāma-ppahāna-paccupaṭṭhāno.

82

Tass’evaṃ vāyamato taṃsampayutto va micchāsati-viniddhunano cetaso asammoso sammāsati nāma. Sā upaṭṭhāna-lakkhaṇā, asammussana-rasā, micchāsati-ppahāna-paccupaṭṭhānā.

83

Evaṃ anuttarāya satiyā saṃrakkhiyamāna-cittassa taṃsampayuttā va micchāsamādhi-viddhaṃsikā cittekaggatā sammāsamādhi nāma. So avikkhepa-lakkhaṇo, samādhāna-raso, micchāsamādhi-ppahāna-paccupaṭṭhāno ti.

Ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminipaṭipadāniddese nayo.

Evam ettha jāti-ādīnaṃ ¹⁵ vinicchayo veditabbo.

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Ñāṇakiccato ti saccañāṇassa kiccato pi vinicchayo veditabbo. Duvidhaṃ hi saccañāṇaṃ: anubodhañāṇaṃ paṭivedhañāṇañ ca. Tattha anubodhañāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ anussavâdi-vasena nirodhe magge ca pavattati. Paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ nirodham ārammaṇaṃ katvā kiccato cattāri saccāni paṭivijjhati. Yath’āha:

“Yo, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ passati, dukkhasamudayam pi so passati, dukkhanirodham pi passati, dukkhanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadam pi passatī” ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1100)

sabbaṃ vattabbaṃ. Taṃ pan’assa kiccaṃ Ñāṇadassanavisuddhiyaṃ (XXII.92-128) āvibhavissati.

85

Yaṃ pan’etaṃ lokiyaṃ, tattha dukkhañāṇaṃ pariyuṭṭhānâbhibhavavasena pavattamānaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ nivatteti, samudayañāṇaṃ ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ, nirodhañāṇaṃ sassatadiṭṭhiṃ, maggañāṇaṃ akiriyadiṭṭhiṃ.

Dukkhañāṇaṃ vā dhuva-subha-sukhatta-bhāva-virahitesu khandhesu dhuva-subha-sukhatta-bhāva-saññā-saṅkhātaṃ phale vippaṭipattiṃ, samudayañāṇaṃ Issara-padhāna-kāla-sabhāvâdīhi loko pavattatī ti akāraṇe kāraṇâbhimāna-ppavattaṃ hetumhi vippaṭipattiṃ, nirodhañāṇaṃ arūpaloka-lokathūpikâdīsu apavagga-gāha-bhūtaṃ nirodhe vippaṭipattiṃ, maggañāṇaṃ kāmasukhallika-attakilamathânuyoga-ppabhede avisuddhimagge visuddhimagga-gāhavasena pavattaṃ upāye vippaṭipattiṃ nivatteti. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Loke lokappabhave lokatthagame sive ca tadupāye
sammuyhati tāva naro, na vijānāti yāva saccānī ti.

Evam ettha ñāṇakiccato pi vinicchayo veditabbo.

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Antogadhānaṃ pabhedā ti dukkhasaccasmiṃ hi ṭhapetvā taṇhañ c’eva anāsavadhamme ca sesā sabbadhammā antogadhā. Samudayasacce chattiṃsa taṇhāvicaritāni. Nirodhasaccaṃ asammissaṃ. Maggasacce

1. sammādiṭṭhi-mukhena vīmaṃsiddhipāda-paññindriya-paññābala-dhammavicaya-sambojjhaṅgāni,
2. sammāsaṅkappâpadesena tayo nekkhamma-vitakkâdayo,
3. sammāvācâpadesena cattāri vacīsucaritāni,
4. sammākammantâpadesena tīṇi kāyasucaritāni,
5. sammâjīva-mukhena appicchatā santuṭṭhitā ca, — sabbesaṃ yeva vā etesaṃ sammāvācā-kammantâjīvānaṃ ariyakanta-sīlattā ariyakanta-sīlassa ca saddhāhatthena paṭiggahetabbattā tesaṃ atthitāya atthibhāvato saddhindriya-saddhābala-chandiddhipādā,
6. sammāvāyāmâpadesena catubbidha-sammappadhāna-vīriyindriya-vīriyabala-vīriya-sambojjhaṅgāni,
7. sammāsati-apadesena catubbidha-satipaṭṭhāna-satindriya-satibala-sati-sambojjhaṅgāni,
8. sammāsamādhi-apadesena savitakka-savicārâdayo tayo samādhī cittasamādhi-samādhindriya-samādhibala-pīti-passaddhi-samādhi-upekkhā-sambojjhaṅgāni antogadhānī ti.

Evam ettha antogadhānaṃ pabhedato pi vinicchayo veditabbo.

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Upamāto ti bhāro viya hi dukkhasaccaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, bhārâdānam iva samudayasaccaṃ, bhāra-nikkhepanam iva nirodhasaccaṃ, bhāra-nikkhepanupāyo viya maggasaccaṃ. Rogo viya ca dukkhasaccaṃ, roganidānam iva samudayasaccaṃ, rogavūpasamo viya nirodhasaccaṃ, bhesajjam iva maggasaccaṃ. Dubbhikkham iva vā dukkhasaccaṃ, dubbuṭṭhi viya samudayasaccaṃ, subhikkham iva nirodhasaccaṃ, suvuṭṭhi viya maggasaccaṃ.

Api ca verī-veramūla¹⁶-verasamugghāta-verasamugghātupāyehi, visarukkha-rukkhamūla-mūlupaccheda-tadupacchedupāyehi, bhaya-bhayamūla-nibbhaya-tadadhigamupāyehi, orimatīra-mahogha-pārimatīra-taṃsampāpakavāyāmehi ca yojetvā p’etāni upamāto veditabbānī ti. Evam ettha upamāto vinicchayo veditabbo.

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Catukkato ti atthi c’ettha dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ, atthi ariyasaccaṃ na dukkhaṃ, atthi dukkhañ c’eva ariyasaccañ ca, atthi n’eva dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ. Esa nayo samudayâdīsu.

89

Tattha maggasampayuttā dhammā sāmaññaphalāni ca,

“Yad aniccaṃ taṃ dukkhan” ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15)

vacanato saṅkhāradukkhatāya dukkhaṃ, na ariyasaccaṃ. Nirodho ariyasaccaṃ, na dukkhaṃ, itaraṃ pana ariyasaccadvayaṃ siyā dukkhaṃ aniccato, na pana yassa pariññāya Bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati tathattena. Sabbâkārena pana upādānakkhandhapañcakaṃ dukkhañ c’eva ariyasaccañ ca aññatra taṇhāya. Maggasampayuttā dhammā sāmaññaphalāni ca yassa pariññatthaṃ Bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati tathattena n’eva dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ. Evaṃ samudayâdīsu pi yathāyogaṃ yojetvā catukkato p’ettha vinicchayo veditabbo.

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Suññat’ekavidhâdīhī ti ettha suññato tāva paramatthena hi sabbān’eva saccāni vedaka-kāraka-nibbuta-gamakâbhāvato suññānī ti veditabbāni. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Dukkham eva hi, na koci dukkhito,
kārako na, kiriyā va vijjati,
atthi nibbuti, na nibbuto pumā,
maggam atthi, gamako na vijjatī ti.

Atha vā,

Dhuva-subha-sukhatta-suññaṃ
purimadvayam, attasuññam amatapadaṃ,
dhuva-sukha-atta-virahito
maggo iti suññatā tesu.

91

Nirodhasuññāni vā tīṇi, nirodho ca sesattayasuñño. Phalasuñño vā ettha hetu, samudaye dukkhassâbhāvato, magge ca nirodhassa, na phalena sagabbho pakativādīnaṃ pakati viya. Hetusuññañ ca phalaṃ, dukkha-samudayānaṃ nirodha-maggānañ ca asamavāyā, na hetusamavetaṃ hetuphalaṃ samavāyavādīnaṃ dvi-aṇukâdi viya. Ten’etaṃ vuccati:

Tayam idha nirodhasuññaṃ, tayena tenâpi nibbuti suññā,
suñño phalena hetu, phalam pi taṃ hetunā suññan ti.

Evaṃ tāva suññato vinicchayo veditabbo.

Ekavidhādivinicchayakathā

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Ekavidhâdīhī ti sabbam eva c’ettha dukkhaṃ ekavidhaṃ pavattibhāvato. Duvidhaṃ nāmarūpato. Tividhaṃ kāma-rūpârūpūpa-pattibhava-bhedato. Catubbidhaṃ catu-āhāra-bhedato. Pañcavidhaṃ pañcupādānakkhandha-bhedato.

93

Samudayo pi ekavidho pavattakabhāvato. Duvidho diṭṭhisampayuttâsampayuttato. Tividho kāma-bhava-vibhava-taṇhā-bhedato. Catubbidho catumagga-ppaheyyato. Pañcavidho rūpâbhinandanâdi-bhedato. Chabbidho cha taṇhākāya-bhedato.

94

Nirodho pi ekavidho asaṅkhatadhātu-bhāvato. Pariyāyena pana duvidho sa-upādisesa-anupādisesa-bhedato. Tividho bhavattaya-vūpasamato. Catubbidho catumaggâdhigamanīyato. Pañcavidho pañcâbhinandana-vūpasamato. Chabbidho cha taṇhākāyakkhaya-bhedato.

95

Maggo pi ekavidho bhāvetabbato. Duvidho samatha-vipassanā-bhedato, dassana-bhāvanā-bhedato vā. Tividho khandhattaya-bhedato. Ayañ hi sappadesattā nagaraṃ viya rajjena nippadesehi tīhi khandhehi saṅgahito. Yath’āha:

“Na kho, āvuso Visākha, ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena tayo khandhā saṅgahitā, tīhi ca kho, āvuso Visākha, khandhehi ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅgahito. Yā c’āvuso Visākha, sammāvācā, yo ca sammākammanto, yo ca sammā-ājīvo, ime dhammā sīlakkhandhe saṅgahitā, yo ca sammāvāyāmo, yā ca sammāsati, yo ca sammāsamādhi, ime dhammā samādhikkhandhe saṅgahitā, yā ca sammādiṭṭhi, yo ca sammāsaṅkappo, ime dhammā paññākkhandhe saṅgahitā” ti. (ma. ni. 1.462)

96

Ettha hi sammāvācâdayo tayo sīlam eva, tasmā te sajātito sīlakkhandhena saṅgahitā. Kiñcâpi hi pāḷiyaṃ sīlakkhandhe ti bhummena niddeso kato, attho pana karaṇavasen’eva veditabbo. Sammāvāyāmâdīsu pana tīsu samādhi attano dhammatāya ārammaṇe ekaggabhāvena appetuṃ na sakkoti, vīriye pana paggaha-kiccaṃ sādhente, satiyā ca apilāpana-kiccaṃ sādhentiyā laddhupakāro hutvā sakkoti.

97

Tatrâyaṃ upamā. Yathā hi nakkhattaṃ kīḷissāmā ti uyyānaṃ paviṭṭhesu tīsu sahāyesu eko supupphitaṃ campakarukkhaṃ disvā hatthaṃ ukkhipitvā gahetum pi na sakkuṇeyya. Ath’assa dutiyo onamitvā¹⁷ piṭṭhiṃ dadeyya, so tassa piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhatvā pi kampamāno gahetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya. Ath’assa itaro aṃsakūṭaṃ upanāmeyya, so ekassa piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhatvā ekassa aṃsakūṭaṃ olubbha yathāruci pupphāni ocinitvā piḷandhitvā nakkhattaṃ kīḷeyya. Evaṃsampadam idaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

98

Ekato uyyānaṃ paviṭṭhā tayo sahāyā viya hi ekato jātā sammāvāyāmâdayo tayo dhammā. Supupphitacampako viya ārammaṇaṃ. Hatthaṃ ukkhipitvā pi gahetuṃ asakkonto viya attano dhammatāya ārammaṇe ekaggabhāvena appetuṃ asakkonto samādhi. Piṭṭhiṃ datvā onatasahāyo viya vāyāmo. Aṃsakūṭaṃ datvā ṭhitasahāyo viya sati. Yathā tesu ekassa piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhatvā ekassa aṃsakūṭaṃ olubbha itaro yathāruci pupphaṃ gahetuṃ sakkoti, evam eva vīriye paggaha-kiccaṃ sādhente, satiyā ca apilāpana-kiccaṃ sādhentiyā laddhupakāro samādhi sakkoti ārammaṇe ekaggabhāvena appetuṃ. Tasmā samādhi yev’ettha sajātito samādhikkhandhena saṅgahito, vāyāma-satiyo pana kiriyato saṅgahitā honti.

99

Sammādiṭṭhi-sammāsaṅkappesu pi paññā attano dhammatāya aniccaṃ dukkham anattā ti ārammaṇaṃ nicchetuṃ na sakkoti, vitakke pana ākoṭetvā ākoṭetvā dente sakkoti.

100

Kathaṃ? Yathā hi heraññiko kahāpaṇaṃ hatthe ṭhapetvā sabbabhāgesu oloketukāmo samāno pi na cakkhutalen’eva parivattetuṃ sakkoti, aṅgulipabbehi pana parivattetvā parivattetvā ito c’ito ca oloketuṃ sakkoti, evam eva na paññā attano dhammatāya aniccâdi-vasena ārammaṇaṃ nicchetuṃ sakkoti, abhiniropana-lakkhaṇena pana āhanana-pariyāhanana-rasena vitakkena ākoṭentena viya parivattentena viya ca ādāy’ādāya dinnam eva nicchetuṃ sakkoti. Tasmā idhâpi sammādiṭṭhi yeva sajātito paññākkhandhena saṅgahitā, sammāsaṅkappo pana kiriyavasena saṅgahito hoti.

101

Iti imehi tīhi khandhehi maggo saṅgahaṃ gacchati, tena vuttaṃ “tividho khandhattaya-bhedato” ti. Catubbidho sotāpattimaggâdi-vasen’eva.

102

Api ca sabbān’eva saccāni ekavidhāni avitathattā, abhiññeyyattā vā. Duvidhāni lokiya-lokuttarato, saṅkhatâsaṅkhatato vā. Tividhāni dassana-bhāvanāhi pahātabbato, appahātabbato ca. Catubbidhāni pariññeyyâdi-bhedato ti. Evam ettha ekavidhâdīhi vinicchayo veditabbo.

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Sabhāga-visabhāgato ti sabbān’eva saccāni aññamaññaṃ sabhāgāni avitathato attasuññato dukkara-paṭivedhato ca. Yath’āha:

“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, Ānanda, katamaṃ nu kho dukkarataraṃ vā durabhisambhavataraṃ vā, yo vā dūrato va sukhumena tāḷacchiggaḷena asanaṃ atipāteyya poṅkhânupoṅkhaṃ avirādhitaṃ, yo vā satadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyā ti?

Etad eva, bhante, dukkaratarañ c’eva durabhisambhavatarañ ca, yo vā satadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyā ti.

Tato¹⁸ kho te, Ānanda, duppaṭivijjhataraṃ paṭivijjhanti, ye idaṃ dukkhan ti yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhanti…pe… ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ti yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhantī” ti. (saṃ. ni. 5.1115)

Visabhāgāni salakkhaṇa-vavatthānato.

104

Purimāni ca dve sabhāgāni duravagāhatthena gambhīrattā lokiyattā sâsavattā ca, visabhāgāni phala-hetu-bhedato pariññeyya-ppahātabbato ca. Pacchimāni pi dve sabhāgāni gambhīrattena duravagāhattā lokuttarattā anāsavattā ca, visabhāgāni visaya-visayī-bhedato sacchikātabba-bhāvetabbato ca.

Paṭhama-tatiyāni câpi sabhāgāni phalâpadesato, visabhāgāni saṅkhatâsaṅkhatato. Dutiya-catutthāni câpi sabhāgāni hetu-apadesato, visabhāgāni ekanta-kusalâkusalato.

Paṭhama-catutthāni câpi sabhāgāni saṅkhatato, visabhāgāni lokiya-lokuttarato. Dutiya-tatiyāni câpi sabhāgāni nevasekkhānâsekkha-bhāvato, visabhāgāni sârammaṇânārammaṇato.

Iti evaṃpakārehi nayehi ca vicakkhaṇo
vijaññā ariyasaccānaṃ sabhāga-visabhāgatan ti.