说行道智见清净品

Paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhiniddeso

Upakkilesavimuttaudayabbayañāṇakathā

CST737

1

Aṭṭhannaṃ pana ñāṇānaṃ vasena sikhāppattā vipassanā, navamañ ca saccânulomika-ñāṇan ti ayaṃ paṭipadāñāṇadassana-visuddhi nāma. Aṭṭhannan ti c’ettha upakkilesavimuttaṃ vīthipaṭipanna-vipassanā-saṅkhātaṃ

1. udayabbayânupassanā-ñāṇaṃ,
2. bhaṅgânupassanā-ñāṇaṃ,
3. bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ,
4. ādīnavânupassanā-ñāṇaṃ,
5. nibbidânupassanā-ñāṇaṃ,
6. muñcitukamyatā-ñāṇaṃ,
7. paṭisaṅkhânupassanā-ñāṇaṃ,
8. saṅkhārupekkhā-ñāṇan ti

imāni aṭṭha ñāṇāni veditabbāni. Navamaṃ saccânulomika-ñāṇan ti anulomass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tasmā taṃ sampādetukāmena upakkilesavimuttaṃ udayabbaya-ñāṇaṃ ādiṃ katvā etesu ñāṇesu yogo karaṇīyo.

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2

Puna udayabbayañāṇe yogo kimatthiyo ti ce? Lakkhaṇa-sallakkhaṇattho. Udayabbayañāṇaṃ hi heṭṭhā dasahi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhaṃ hutvā yāthāva-sarasato tilakkhaṇaṃ sallakkhetuṃ nâsakkhi, upakkilesavimuttaṃ pana sakkoti, tasmā lakkhaṇa-sallakkhaṇattham ettha puna yogo karaṇīyo.

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3

Lakkhaṇāni pana kissa amanasikārā kena paṭicchannattā na upaṭṭhahanti? Aniccalakkhaṇaṃ tāva udayabbayānaṃ amanasikārā santatiyā paṭicchannattā na upaṭṭhāti. Dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ abhiṇha-sampaṭipīḷanassa amanasikārā iriyāpathehi paṭicchannattā na upaṭṭhāti. Anattalakkhaṇaṃ nānādhātu-vinibbhogassa amanasikārā ghanena paṭicchannattā na upaṭṭhāti.

4

Udayabbayam pana pariggahetvā santatiyā vikopitāya aniccalakkhaṇaṃ yāthāva-sarasato upaṭṭhāti. Abhiṇha-sampaṭipīḷanaṃ manasikatvā iriyāpathe ugghāṭite dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ yāthāva-sarasato upaṭṭhāti. Nānādhātuyo vinibbhujitvā ghana-vinibbhoge kate anattalakkhaṇaṃ yāthāva-sarasato upaṭṭhāti.

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5

Ettha ca aniccaṃ aniccalakkhaṇaṃ, dukkhaṃ dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ, anattā anattalakkhaṇanti ayaṃ vibhāgo veditabbo.

6

Tattha aniccan ti khandhapañcakaṃ. Kasmā? Uppādavayaññathatta-bhāvā, hutvā abhāvato vā. Uppādavayaññathattaṃ aniccalakkhaṇaṃ, hutvā abhāva-saṅkhāto vā ākāra-vikāro.

7

“Yad aniccaṃ taṃ dukkhan” ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15)

vacanato pana tad eva khandhapañcakaṃ dukkhaṃ. Kasmā? Abhiṇha-paṭipīḷanā. Abhiṇha-paṭipīḷanâkāro dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ.

8

“Yaṃ dukkhaṃ tad anattā” ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15)

pana vacanato tad eva khandhapañcakaṃ anattā. Kasmā? Avasavattanato. Avasavattanâkāro anattalakkhaṇaṃ.

9

Tayidaṃ sabbam pi ayaṃ yogâvacaro upakkilesa-vimuttena vīthipaṭipanna-vipassanā-saṅkhātena udayabbayânupassanā-ñāṇena yāthāva-sarasato sallakkheti.

Upakkilesavimutta-udayabbayañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Bhaṅgānupassanāñāṇakathā

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Tass’evaṃ sallakkhetvā punappunaṃ “aniccaṃ dukkham anattā” ti rūpârūpadhamme tulayato tīrayato taṃ ñāṇaṃ tikkhaṃ hutvā vahati, saṅkhārā lahuṃ upaṭṭhahanti. Ñāṇe tikkhe vahante saṅkhāresu lahuṃ upaṭṭhahantesu uppādaṃ vā ṭhitiṃ vā pavattaṃ vā nimittaṃ vā na sampāpuṇāti, khaya-vaya-bheda-nirodhe yeva sati santiṭṭhati.

11

Tassa “evaṃ uppajjitvā evaṃ nāma saṅkhāragataṃ nirujjhatī” ti passato etasmiṃ ṭhāne bhaṅgânupassanaṃ nāma vipassanāñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ:

“Kathaṃ ārammaṇa-paṭisaṅkhā bhaṅgânupassane paññā vipassane ñāṇaṃ? Rūpârammaṇatā cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjati, taṃ ārammaṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhā tassa cittassa bhaṅgaṃ anupassati. Anupassatī ti kathaṃ anupassati? Aniccato anupassati no niccato, dukkhato anupassati no sukhato, anattato anupassati no attato, nibbindati no nandati, virajjati no rajjati, nirodheti no samudeti, paṭinissajjati no ādiyati.

Aniccato anupassanto niccasaññaṃ pajahati, dukkhato anupassanto sukhasaññaṃ, anattato anupassanto attasaññaṃ, nibbindanto nandiṃ, virajjanto rāgaṃ, nirodhento samudayaṃ, paṭinissajjanto ādānaṃ pajahati.

Vedanârammaṇatā…pe… Saññârammaṇatā… Saṅkhārârammaṇatā… Viññāṇârammaṇatā… Cakkhârammaṇatā…pe… Jarāmaraṇârammaṇatā cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjati…pe… paṭinissajjanto ādānaṃ pajahati.

Vatthusaṅkamanā c’eva paññāya ca vivaṭṭanā,
āvajjanābalañ c’eva paṭisaṅkhā-vipassanā.

Ārammaṇa-anvayena ubho ekavavatthanā
nirodhe adhimuttatā vayalakkhaṇa-vipassanā.

Ārammaṇañ ca paṭisaṅkhā bhaṅgañ ca anupassati,
suññato ca upaṭṭhānaṃ, adhipaññā-vipassanā.

Kusalo tīsu anupassanāsu catasso ca vipassanāsu,
tayo upaṭṭhāne kusalatā nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampatī ti.

Taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ, pajānanaṭṭhena paññā, tena vuccati ārammaṇa-paṭisaṅkhā bhaṅgânupassane paññā vipassane ñāṇan” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.51-52)

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Tattha ārammaṇa-paṭisaṅkhā ti yaṃ kiñci ārammaṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhāya jānitvā, khayato vayato disvā ti attho. Bhaṅgânupassane paññā ti tassa ārammaṇaṃ khayato vayato paṭisaṅkhāya uppannassa ñāṇassa bhaṅgaṃ anupassane yā paññā, idaṃ vipassane ñāṇan ti vuttaṃ. Taṃ kathaṃ hotī ti ayaṃ tāva kathetukamyatā-pucchāya attho.

13

Tato yathā taṃ hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ “rūpârammaṇatā” ti ādi vuttaṃ. Tattha rūpârammaṇatā cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjatī ti rūpârammaṇaṃ cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjati. Atha vā rūpârammaṇa-bhāve cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjatī ti attho. Taṃ ārammaṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhā ti taṃ rūpârammaṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhāya jānitvā, khayato vayato disvā ti attho. Tassa cittassa bhaṅgaṃ anupassatī ti yena cittena taṃ rūpârammaṇaṃ khayato vayato diṭṭhaṃ, tassa cittassa aparena cittena bhaṅgaṃ anupassatī ti attho. Ten’āhu porāṇā:

“Ñātañ ca ñāṇañ ca ubho pi vipassatī” ti.

14

Ettha ca anupassatī ti anu anu passati, anekehi ākārehi punappunaṃ passatī ti attho. Ten’āha “anupassatī ti kathaṃ anupassati? Aniccato anupassatī” ti ādi.

15

Tattha yasmā bhaṅgo nāma aniccatāya paramā koṭi, tasmā so bhaṅgânupassako yogâvacaro sabbaṃ saṅkhāragataṃ aniccato anupassati no niccato. Tato aniccassa dukkhattā, dukkhassa ca anattattā tad eva dukkhato anupassati no sukhato, anattato anupassati no attato.

16

Yasmā pana yaṃ aniccaṃ dukkham anattā, na taṃ abhinanditabbaṃ, yañ ca anabhinanditabbaṃ, na tattha rajjitabbaṃ, tasmā etasmiṃ bhaṅgânupassanânusārena “aniccaṃ dukkham anattā” ti diṭṭhe saṅkhāragate nibbindati no nandati, virajjati no rajjati. So evaṃ arajjanto lokiken’eva tāva ñāṇena rāgaṃ nirodheti no samudeti, samudayaṃ na karotī ti attho.

17

Atha vā so evaṃ viratto yathā diṭṭhaṃ saṅkhāragataṃ, tathā adiṭṭham pi anvayañāṇavasena nirodheti no samudeti, nirodhato va manasikaroti, nirodham ev’assa passati no samudayan ti attho.

18

So evaṃ paṭipanno paṭinissajjati no ādiyati. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Ayam pi aniccâdi-anupassanā tadaṅgavasena saddhiṃ khandhâbhisaṅkhārehi kilesānaṃ pariccajanato, saṅkhata-dosa-dassanena ca tabbiparīte nibbāne tanninnatāya pakkhandanato pariccāga-paṭinissaggo c’eva pakkhandana-paṭinissaggo cā ti vuccati. Tasmā tāya samannāgato bhikkhu yathāvuttena nayena kilese pariccajati, nibbāne ca pakkhandati, nâpi nibbattanavasena kilese ādiyati, na adosadassitāvasena saṅkhatârammaṇaṃ, tena vuccati “paṭinissajjati no ādiyatī” ti.

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Idāni’ssa tehi ñāṇehi yesaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ “aniccato anupassanto niccasaññaṃ pajahatī” ti ādi vuttaṃ. Tattha nandin ti sappītikaṃ taṇhaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayam eva.

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Gāthāsu pana vatthusaṅkamanā ti rūpassa bhaṅgaṃ disvā puna yena cittena bhaṅgo diṭṭho, tassâpi bhaṅgadassanavasena purimavatthuto aññavatthu-saṅkamanā. Paññāya ca vivaṭṭanā ti udayaṃ pahāya vaye santiṭṭhanā. Āvajjanābalañ c’evā ti rūpassa bhaṅgaṃ disvā puna bhaṅgârammaṇassa cittassa bhaṅgadassanatthaṃ anantaram eva āvajjana-samatthatā. Paṭisaṅkhā-vipassanā ti esā ārammaṇa-paṭisaṅkhā-bhaṅgânupassanā nāma.

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21

Ārammaṇa-anvayena ubho ekavavatthanā ti paccakkhato diṭṭhassa ārammaṇassa anvayena anugamanena, yathā idaṃ, tathā atīte pi saṅkhāragataṃ bhijjittha, anāgate pi bhijjissatī ti evaṃ ubhinnaṃ ekasabhāven’eva vavatthāpanan ti attho. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ porāṇehi:

“Saṃvijjamānamhi visuddhadassano
tadanvayaṃ neti atītanāgate,
sabbe pi saṅkhāragatā palokino,
ussāvabindū sūriye va uggate” ti.

22

Nirodhe adhimuttatā ti evaṃ ubhinnaṃ bhaṅgavasena ekavavatthānaṃ katvā tasmiñ ñeva bhaṅgasaṅkhāte nirodhe adhimuttatā, taggarutā tanninnatā tappoṇatā tappabbhāratā ti attho. Vayalakkhaṇa-vipassanā ti esā vayalakkhaṇa-vipassanā nāmā ti vuttaṃ hoti.

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23

Ārammaṇañ ca paṭisaṅkhā ti purimañ ca rūpâdi-ārammaṇaṃ jānitvā. Bhaṅgañ ca anupassatī ti tass’ārammaṇassa bhaṅgaṃ disvā tadārammaṇassa cittassa bhaṅgaṃ anupassati.

24

Suññato ca upaṭṭhānan ti tass’evaṃ bhaṅgaṃ anupassato “saṅkhārā va bhijjanti, tesaṃ bhedo maraṇaṃ, na añño koci atthī” ti suññato upaṭṭhānaṃ ijjhati. Ten’āhu porāṇā:

“Khandhā nirujjhanti na c’atthi añño,
khandhāna bhedo maraṇan ti vuccati,
tesaṃ khayaṃ passati appamatto,
maṇiṃ va vijjhaṃ vajirena yoniso” ti.

25

Adhipaññā-vipassanā ti yā ca ārammaṇa-paṭisaṅkhā, yā ca bhaṅgânupassanā, yañ ca suññato upaṭṭhānaṃ, ayaṃ adhipaññā-vipassanā nāmā ti vuttaṃ hoti.

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Kusalo tīsu anupassanāsū ti aniccânupassanâdīsu tīsu cheko bhikkhu. Catasso ca vipassanāsū ti nibbidâdīsu ca catūsu vipassanāsu. Tayo upaṭṭhāne kusalatā ti khayato vayato suññato ti imasmiñ ca tividhe upaṭṭhāne kusalatāya. Nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampatī ti sassatadiṭṭhi-ādīsu nānappakārāsu diṭṭhīsu na vedhati.

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So evaṃ avedhamāno “aniruddham eva nirujjhati, abhinnam eva bhijjatī” ti pavatta-manasikāro, dubbala-bhājanassa viya bhijjamānassa, sukhuma-rajass’eva vippakiriyamānassa, tilānaṃ viya bhajjiyamānānaṃ¹, sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ uppāda-ṭṭhiti-pavatta-nimittaṃ vissajjetvā bhedam eva passati. So yathā nāma cakkhumā puriso pokkharaṇītīre vā nadītīre vā ṭhito thūlaphusitake deve vassante udakapiṭṭhe mahanta-mahantāni udaka-bubbuḷakāni uppajjitvā uppajjitvā sīghaṃ sīghaṃ bhijjamānāni passeyya, evam eva sabbe saṅkhārā bhijjanti bhijjantī ti passati. Evarūpaṃ hi yogâvacaraṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ Bhagavatā:

“Yathā bubbuḷakaṃ passe, yathā passe marīcikaṃ,
evaṃ lokaṃ avekkhantaṃ, maccurājā na passatī” ti. (dha. pa. 170)

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Tass’evaṃ “sabbe saṅkhārā bhijjanti bhijjantī” ti abhiṇhaṃ passato aṭṭhânisaṃsa-parivāraṃ bhaṅgânupassanā-ñāṇaṃ balappattaṃ hoti. Tatr’ime aṭṭhânisaṃsā: bhavadiṭṭhi-ppahānaṃ, jīvitanikanti-pariccāgo, sadā yuttapayuttatā, visuddhâjīvitā, ussukka-ppahānaṃ, vigata-bhayatā, khanti-soracca-paṭilābho, arati-rati-sahanatā ti. Ten’āhu porāṇā:

“Imāni aṭṭhagguṇamuttamāni
disvā tahiṃ sammasate punappunaṃ,
āditta-cela-ssirasûpamo muni
bhaṅgânupassī amatassa pattiyā” ti.

Bhaṅgânupassanāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇakathā

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29

Tass’evaṃ sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ khaya-vaya-bheda-nirodhârammaṇaṃ bhaṅgânupassanaṃ āsevantassa bhāventassa bahulīkarontassa sabba-bhava-yoni-gati-ṭhiti-sattâvāsesu pabhedakā saṅkhārā, sukhena jīvitukāmassa bhīruka-purisassa sīha-byaggha-dīpi-accha-taraccha-yakkha-rakkhasa-caṇḍagoṇa-caṇḍakukkura-pabhinnamadacaṇḍahatthi-ghora-āsīvisa-asanivicakka-susāna-raṇabhūmi-jalita-aṅgārakāsu-ādayo viya, mahābhayaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhahanti. Tassa “atītā saṅkhārā niruddhā, paccuppannā nirujjhanti, anāgate nibbattanaka-saṅkhārā pi evam eva nirujjhissantī” ti passato etasmiṃ ṭhāne bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ nāma uppajjati.

30

Tatrâyaṃ upamā. Ekissā kira itthiyā tayo puttā rājaparādhikā. Tesaṃ rājā sīsacchedaṃ āṇāpesi. Sā puttehi saddhiṃ āghātanaṃ agamāsi. Ath’assā jeṭṭhaputtassa sīsaṃ chinditvā majjhimassa chindituṃ ārabhiṃsu. Sā jeṭṭhassa sīsaṃ chinnaṃ majjhimassa ca chijjamānaṃ disvā kaniṭṭhamhi ālayaṃ vissajji “ayam pi etesañ ñeva sadiso bhavissatī” ti. Tattha tassā itthiyā jeṭṭhaputtassa chinnasīsa-dassanaṃ viya yogino atīta-saṅkhārānaṃ nirodha-dassanaṃ, majjhimassa chijjamāna-sīsa-dassanaṃ viya paccuppannānaṃ nirodha-dassanaṃ, “ayam pi etesañ ñeva sadiso bhavissatī” ti kaniṭṭhaputtamhi ālaya-vissajjanaṃ viya “anāgate pi nibbattanaka-saṅkhārā bhijjissantī” ti anāgatānaṃ nirodha-dassanaṃ. Tass’evaṃ passato etasmiṃ ṭhāne uppajjati bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ.

31

Aparāpi upamā. Ekā kira pūtipajā itthī dasa dārake vijāyi. Tesu nava matā, eko hatthagato marati, aparo kucchiyaṃ. Sā nava dārake mate dasamañ ca mīyamānaṃ disvā kucchigate ālayaṃ vissajji “ayam pi etesañ ñeva sadiso bhavissatī” ti. Tattha tassā itthiyā navannaṃ dārakānaṃ maraṇânussaraṇaṃ viya yogino atīta-saṅkhārānaṃ nirodha-dassanaṃ, hatthagatassa mīyamānabhāva-dassanaṃ viya yogino paccuppannānaṃ nirodha-dassanaṃ, kucchigate ālaya-vissajjanaṃ viya anāgatānaṃ nirodha-dassanaṃ. Tass’evaṃ passato etasmiṃ khaṇe uppajjati bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ.

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Bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ pana bhāyati na bhāyatī ti? Na bhāyati. Tañ hi “atītā saṅkhārā niruddhā, paccuppannā nirujjhanti, anāgatā nirujjhissantī” ti tīraṇamattam eva hoti. Tasmā yathā nāma cakkhumā puriso nagaradvāre tisso aṅgārakāsuyo olokayamāno sayaṃ na bhāyati, kevalaṃ hi’ssa “ye ye ettha nipatissanti, sabbe anappakaṃ dukkham anubhavissantī” ti tīraṇamattam eva hoti, yathā vā pana cakkhumā puriso khadirasūlaṃ ayosūlaṃ suvaṇṇasūlan ti paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapitaṃ sūlattayaṃ olokayamāno sayaṃ na bhāyati, kevalaṃ hi’ssa “ye ye imesu sūlesu nipatissanti, sabbe anappakaṃ dukkham anubhavissantī” ti tīraṇamattam eva hoti, evam eva bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ sayaṃ na bhāyati, kevalaṃ hi’ssa aṅgārakāsuttaya-sadisesu sūlattaya-sadisesu ca tīsu bhavesu “atītā saṅkhārā niruddhā, paccuppannā nirujjhanti, anāgatā nirujjhissantī” ti tīraṇamattam eva hoti.

33

Yasmā pan’assa kevalaṃ sabba-bhava-yoni-gati-ṭhiti-nivāsagatā saṅkhārā byasanâpannā sappaṭibhayā hutvā bhayato upaṭṭhahanti, tasmā bhayatupaṭṭhānan ti vuccati. Evaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāne pan’assa ayaṃ pāḷi:

“Aniccato manasikaroto kiṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti? Dukkhato… Anattato manasikaroto kiṃ bhayato upaṭṭhātī ti? Aniccato manasikaroto nimittaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti. Dukkhato manasikaroto pavattaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti. Anattato manasikaroto nimittañ ca pavattañ ca bhayato upaṭṭhātī” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.227)

34

Tattha nimittan ti saṅkhāra-nimittaṃ. Atītânāgata-paccuppannānaṃ saṅkhārānam ev’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Aniccato manasikaronto hi saṅkhārānaṃ maraṇam eva passati, ten’assa nimittaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti. Pavattan ti rūpârūpabhava-pavatti. Dukkhato manasikaronto hi sukhasammatāya pi pavattiyā abhiṇha-paṭipīḷana-bhāvam eva passati, ten’assa pavattaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti. Anattato manasikaronto pana ubhayam p’etaṃ suññagāmaṃ viya marīci-gandhabbanagarâdīni viya ca rittaṃ tucchaṃ suññaṃ assāmikaṃ apariṇāyakaṃ passati, ten’assa nimittañ ca pavattañ ca ubhayaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhātī ti.

Bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Ādīnavānupassanāñāṇakathā

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Tassa taṃ bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ āsevantassa bhāventassa bahulīkarontassa sabba-bhava-yoni-gati-ṭhiti-sattâvāsesu n’eva tāṇaṃ, na leṇaṃ, na gati, nappaṭisaraṇaṃ paññāyati, sabba-bhava-yoni-gati-ṭhiti-nivāsagatesu saṅkhāresu ekasaṅkhāre pi patthanā vā parāmāso vā na hoti. Tayo bhavā vītaccikaṅgārapuṇṇa-aṅgārakāsuyo viya, cattāro mahābhūtā ghoravisa-āsīvisā viya, pañcakkhandhā ukkhittâsika-vadhakā viya, cha ajjhattikâyatanāni suññagāmo viya, cha bāhirâyatanāni gāmaghātakacorā viya, satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo nava ca sattâvāsā ekādasahi aggīhi ādittā sampajjalitā sajotibhūtā viya ca, sabbe saṅkhārā gaṇḍabhūtā rogabhūtā sallabhūtā aghabhūtā ābādhabhūtā viya ca nirassādā nirasā mahā-ādīnava-rāsi-bhūtā hutvā upaṭṭhahanti.

36

Kathaṃ? Sukhena jīvitukāmassa bhīruka-purisassa ramaṇīyâkāra-saṇṭhitam pi savāḷakam iva vanagahanaṃ, sasaddūlā viya guhā, sagāharakkhasaṃ viya udakaṃ, samussitakhaggā viya paccatthikā, savisaṃ viya bhojanaṃ, sacoro viya maggo, ādittam iva agāraṃ, uyyuttasenā viya raṇabhūmi. Yathā hi so puriso etāni savāḷaka-vanagahanâdīni āgamma bhīto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto samantato ādīnavam eva passati, evam evâyaṃ yogâvacaro bhaṅgânupassanā-vasena sabbasaṅkhāresu bhayato upaṭṭhitesu samantato nirasaṃ nirassādaṃ ādīnavam eva passati.

37

Tass’evaṃ passato ādīnavañāṇaṃ nāma uppannaṃ hoti. Yaṃ sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ:

“Kathaṃ bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ? Uppādo bhayan ti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ, pavattaṃ bhayan ti… nimittaṃ bhayan ti… āyūhanā bhayan ti… paṭisandhi bhayan ti… gati bhayan ti… nibbatti bhayan ti… upapatti bhayan ti… jāti bhayan ti… jarā bhayan ti… byādhi bhayan ti… maraṇaṃ bhayan ti… soko bhayan ti… paridevo bhayan ti… upāyāso bhayan ti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Anuppādo kheman ti santipade ñāṇaṃ, appavattaṃ…pe… anupāyāso kheman ti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Uppādo bhayaṃ anuppādo kheman ti santipade ñāṇaṃ, pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso bhayaṃ anupāyāso kheman ti santipade ñāṇaṃ.

Uppādo dukkhan ti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ, pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso dukkhan ti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Anuppādo sukhan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ, appavattaṃ…pe… anupāyāso sukhan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Uppādo dukkhaṃ anuppādo sukhan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ, pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso dukkhaṃ anupāyāso sukhan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ.

Uppādo sâmisan ti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ, pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso sâmisan ti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Anuppādo nirāmisan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ, appavattaṃ…pe… anupāyāso nirāmisan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Uppādo sâmisaṃ anuppādo nirāmisan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ, pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso sāmisaṃ anupāyāso nirāmisan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ.

Uppādo saṅkhārā ti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ, pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso saṅkhārā ti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Anuppādo nibbānan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ, appavattaṃ…pe… anupāyāso nibbānan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Uppādo saṅkhārā anuppādo nibbānan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ, pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso saṅkhārā anupāyāso nibbānan ti santipade ñāṇaṃ.

Uppādañ ca pavattañ ca nimittaṃ dukkhan ti passati,
āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ ñāṇaṃ ādīnave idaṃ.

Anuppādaṃ appavattaṃ animittaṃ sukhan ti ca,
anāyūhanā appaṭisandhi ñāṇaṃ santipade idaṃ.

Idaṃ ādīnave ñāṇaṃ pañcaṭhānesu jāyati,
pañcaṭhāne santipade dasa ñāṇe pajānāti,
dvinnaṃ ñāṇānaṃ kusalatā nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampatī ti.

Taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ, pajānanaṭṭhena paññā, tena vuccati bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇan” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.53)

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Tattha uppādo ti purima-kamma-paccayā idha uppatti. Pavattan ti tathā uppannassa pavatti. Nimittan ti sabbam pi saṅkhāra-nimittaṃ. Āyūhanā ti āyatiṃ paṭisandhi-hetu-bhūtaṃ kammaṃ. Paṭisandhī ti āyatiṃ uppatti. Gatī ti yāya gatiyā sā paṭisandhi hoti. Nibbattī ti khandhānaṃ nibbattanaṃ. Upapattī ti

“Samāpannassa vā upapannassa vā” ti (dha. sa. 1289, 1291)

evaṃ vuttā vipāka-ppavatti. Jātī ti jarâdīnaṃ paccayabhūtā bhavapaccayā jāti. Jarā-maraṇâdayo pākaṭā eva.

39

Ettha ca uppādâdayo pañc’eva ādīnavañāṇassa vatthuvasena vuttā, sesā tesaṃ vevacanavasena. Nibbatti jātī ti idañ hi dvayaṃ uppādassa c’eva paṭisandhiyā ca vevacanaṃ, gati upapattī ti idaṃ dvayaṃ pavattassa, jarâdayo nimittassā ti. Ten’āha:

“Uppādañ ca pavattañ ca nimittaṃ dukkhan ti passati,
āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ ñāṇaṃ ādīnave idan” ti ca

“Idaṃ ādīnave ñāṇaṃ pañcaṭhānesu jāyatī” ti ca. (XXI.37)

40

Anuppādo kheman ti santipade ñāṇan ti ādi pana ādīnavañāṇassa paṭipakkha-ñāṇa-dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Bhayatupaṭṭhānena vā ādīnavaṃ disvā ubbigga-hadayānaṃ abhayam pi atthi khemaṃ nirādīnavan ti assāsa-jananattham pi etaṃ vuttaṃ. Yasmā vā pan’assa uppādâdayo bhayato sūpaṭṭhitā honti, tassa tappaṭipakkha-ninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tasmā bhayatupaṭṭhāna-vasena siddhassa ādīnavañāṇassa ānisaṃsa-dassanattham p’etaṃ vuttan ti veditabbaṃ.

41

Ettha ca yaṃ bhayaṃ, taṃ yasmā niyamato dukkhaṃ, ² taṃ vaṭṭâmisa-lokâmisa-kilesâmisehi avippamuttattā sâmisam eva, yañ ca sâmisaṃ, taṃ saṅkhāramattam eva, tasmā “uppādo dukkhan ti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇan” ti ādi vuttaṃ. Evaṃ sante pi, bhayâkārena dukkhâkārena sâmisâkārenā ti evaṃ ākāra-nānattato pavatti-vasen’ev’ettha nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ.

42

Dasa ñāṇe pajānātī ti ādīnavañāṇaṃ pajānanto uppādâdi-vatthukāni pañca, anuppādâdi-vatthukāni pañcā ti dasa ñāṇāni pajānāti paṭivijjhati sacchikaroti. Dvinnaṃ ñāṇānaṃ kusalatā ti ādīnavañāṇassa c’eva santipadañāṇassa cā ti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ kusalatāya. Nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampatī ti parama-diṭṭhadhamma-nibbānâdi-vasena pavattāsu diṭṭhīsu na vedhati. Sesam ettha uttānam evā ti.

Ādīnavânupassanāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Nibbidānupassanāñāṇakathā

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So evaṃ sabbasaṅkhāre ādīnavato passanto sabba-bhava-yoni-gati-viññāṇaṭṭhiti-sattâvāsagate sabhedake saṅkhāragate nibbindati ukkaṇṭhati nâbhiramati.

Seyyathā pi nāma Cittakūṭa-pabbata-pādâbhirato suvaṇṇa-rājahaṃso asucimhi caṇḍālagāmadvāra-āvāṭe nâbhiramati, sattasu mahāsaresu yeva abhiramati, evam eva ayam pi yogī-rājahaṃso suparidiṭṭhâdīnave sabhedake saṅkhāragate nâbhiramati, bhāvanârāmatāya pana bhāvanā-ratiyā samannāgatattā sattasu anupassanāsu yeva ramati.

Yathā ca suvaṇṇa-pañjare pakkhitto sīho migarājā nâbhiramati, tiyojana-sahassa-vitthate pana Himavante yeva ramati, evam ayaṃ yogī-sīho tividhe sugatibhave pi nâbhiramati, tīsu pana anupassanāsu yeva ramati.

Yathā ca sabbaseto sattapatiṭṭho iddhimā vehāsaṅgamo chaddanto nāgarājā nagaramajjhe nâbhiramati, Himavati Chaddantadaha-gahane yeva abhiramati, evam ayaṃ yogī-varavāraṇo sabbasmim pi saṅkhāragate nâbhiramati, anuppādo kheman ti ādinā nayena diṭṭhe santipade yeva abhiramati, tanninna-tappoṇa-tappabbhāra-mānaso hotī ti.

Nibbidânupassanāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

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Taṃ pan’etaṃ purimena ñāṇadvayena atthato ekaṃ. Ten’āhu porāṇā:

“Bhayatupaṭṭhānaṃ ekam eva tīṇi nāmāni labhati: sabbasaṅkhāre bhayato addasā ti bhayatupaṭṭhānaṃ nāma jātaṃ, tesu yeva saṅkhāresu ādīnavaṃ uppādetī ti ādīnavânupassanā nāma jātaṃ, tesu yeva saṅkhāresu nibbindamānaṃ uppannan ti nibbidânupassanā nāma jātan” ti.

Pāḷiyam pi vuttaṃ:

“Yā ca bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā, yañ ca ādīnave ñāṇaṃ, yā ca nibbidā, ime dhammā ekatthā, byañjanam eva nānan” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.227)

Muñcitukamyatāñāṇakathā

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Iminā pana nibbidāñāṇena imassa kulaputtassa nibbindantassa ukkaṇṭhantassa anabhiramantassa sabba-bhava-yoni-gati-viññāṇaṭṭhiti-sattâvāsagatesu sabhedakesu saṅkhāresu ekasaṅkhāre pi cittaṃ na sajjati, na laggati, na bajjhati, sabbasmā saṅkhāragatā muccitukāmaṃ nissaritukāmaṃ hoti.

46

Yathā kiṃ? Yathā nāma jālabbhantara-gato maccho, sappamukha-gato maṇḍūko, pañjara-pakkhitto vanakukkuṭo, daḷha-pāsavasa-gato migo, ahituṇḍika-hattha-gato sappo, mahāpaṅka-pakkhando kuñjaro, supaṇṇamukha-gato nāgarājā, Rāhumukha-ppaviṭṭho cando, sapatta-parivārito puriso ti evamādayo tato tato muccitukāmā nissaritukāmā va honti, evaṃ tassa yogino cittaṃ sabbasmā saṅkhāragatā muccitukāmaṃ nissaritukāmaṃ hoti. Ath’assa evaṃ sabbasaṅkhāresu vigatâlayassa sabbasmā saṅkhāragatā muccitukāmassa uppajjati muñcitukamyatā-ñāṇan ti.

Muñcitukamyatāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Paṭisaṅkhānupassanāñāṇakathā

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So evaṃ sabba-bhava-yoni-gati-ṭṭhiti-nivāsagatehi sabhedakehi saṅkhārehi muccitukāmo sabbasmā saṅkhāragatā muccituṃ puna te evaṃ³ saṅkhāre paṭisaṅkhânupassanā-ñāṇena tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā pariggaṇhāti.

48

So sabbasaṅkhāre anaccantikato, tāvakālikato, uppādavaya-paricchinnato, palokato, calato, pabhaṅguto, addhuvato, vipariṇāma-dhammato, assārakato, vibhavato, saṅkhatato, maraṇa-dhammato ti ādīhi kāraṇehi aniccā ti passati.

Abhiṇha-paṭipīḷanato, dukkhamato, dukkha-vatthuto, rogato, gaṇḍato, sallato, aghato, ābādhato, ītito, upaddavato, bhayato, upasaggato, atāṇato, aleṇato, asaraṇato, ādīnavato, aghamūlato, vadhakato, sâsavato, mārâmisato, jātidhammato, jarādhammato, byādhidhammato, sokadhammato, paridevadhammato, upāyāsadhammato, saṃkilesikadhammato ti ādīhi kāraṇehi dukkhā ti passati.

Ajaññato, duggandhato, jegucchato, paṭikkūlato, amaṇḍanârahato⁴, virūpato, bībhacchato ti ādīhi kāraṇehi dukkhalakkhaṇassa parivārabhūtato asubhato passati.

Parato, rittato, tucchato, suññato, assāmikato, anissarato, avasavattito ti ādīhi kāraṇehi anattato passati.

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Evañ hi passatā’nena tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā saṅkhārā pariggahitā nāma honti.

49

Kasmā panâyam ete evaṃ pariggaṇhātī ti? Muñcanassa upāya-sampādanatthaṃ.

Tatrâyaṃ upamā. Eko kira puriso “macche gahessāmī” ti macchakhippaṃ⁵ gahetvā udake oḍḍāpesi⁶. So khippamukhena hatthaṃ otāretvā anto-udake sappaṃ gīvāya gahetvā “maccho me gahito” ti attamano ahosi. So “mahā vata mayā maccho laddho” ti ukkhipitvā passanto sovatthika-ttaya-dassanena “sappo” ti sañjānitvā bhīto ādīnavaṃ disvā gahaṇe nibbinno muñcitukāmo hutvā muñcanassa upāyaṃ karonto agga-naṅguṭṭhato paṭṭhāya hatthaṃ nibbeṭhetvā bāhuṃ ukkhipitvā uparisīse dve tayo vāre āvijjhitvā sappaṃ dubbalaṃ katvā “gaccha duṭṭha-sappā” ti nissajjitvā vegena taḷāka-pāḷiṃ āruyha “mahantassa vata bho sappassa mukhato mutto’mhī” ti āgatamaggaṃ olokayamāno aṭṭhāsi.

50

Tattha tassa purisassa “maccho” ti sappaṃ gīvāya gahetvā tuṭṭhakālo viya imassâpi yogino ādito va attabhāvaṃ paṭilabhitvā tuṭṭhakālo. Tassa khippamukhato sīsaṃ nīharitvā sovatthika-ttaya-dassanaṃ viya imassa ghana-vinibbhogaṃ katvā saṅkhāresu tilakkhaṇa-dassanaṃ. Tassa bhītakālo viya imassa bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ, tato ādīnavadassanaṃ viya ādīnavânupassanā-ñāṇaṃ, gahaṇe nibbindanaṃ viya nibbidânupassanā-ñāṇaṃ, sappaṃ muñcitukāmatā viya muñcitukamyatā-ñāṇaṃ, muñcanassa upāyakaraṇaṃ viya paṭisaṅkhânupassanā-ñāṇena saṅkhāresu tilakkhaṇâropanaṃ.

Yathā hi so puriso sappaṃ āvijjhitvā dubbalaṃ katvā nivattetvā ḍaṃsituṃ asamattha-bhāvaṃ pāpetvā sumuttaṃ muñcati, evam ayaṃ yogâvacaro tilakkhaṇâropanena saṅkhāre āvijjhitvā dubbale katvā puna nicca-sukha-subha-attâkārena upaṭṭhātuṃ asamatthataṃ pāpetvā sumuttaṃ muñcati. Tena vuttaṃ “muñcanassa upāya-sampādanatthaṃ evaṃ pariggaṇhātī” ti.

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Ettāvatā tassa uppannaṃ hoti paṭisaṅkhāñāṇaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ:

“Aniccato manasikaroto kiṃ paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati? Dukkhato… Anattato manasikaroto kiṃ paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati? Aniccato manasikaroto nimittaṃ paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Dukkhato manasikaroto pavattaṃ paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Anattato manasikaroto nimittañ ca pavattañ ca paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjatī” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.227)

52

Ettha ca nimittaṃ paṭisaṅkhā ti saṅkhāra-nimittaṃ “addhuvaṃ tāvakālikan” ti anicca-lakkhaṇa-vasena jānitvā. Kāmañ ca na⁷ paṭhamaṃ jānitvā pacchā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, vohāravasena pana,

“Manañ ca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇan” ti (ma. ni. 3.421)

ādīni viya evaṃ vuccati. Ekattanayena vā purimañ ca pacchimañ ca ekaṃ katvā evaṃ vuttan ti veditabbaṃ. Iminā nayena itarasmim pi padadvaye attho veditabbo ti.

Paṭisaṅkhânupassanāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇakathā

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So evaṃ paṭisaṅkhânupassanā-ñāṇena “sabbe saṅkhārā suññā” ti pariggahetvā, puna

“Suññam idaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā” ti (ma. ni. 3.69)

dvikoṭikaṃ suññataṃ pariggaṇhāti. So evaṃ n’eva attānaṃ, na paraṃ kiñci attano parikkhārabhāve ṭhitaṃ disvā, puna

“Nâhaṃ kvacani kassaci kiñcanat’asmiṃ, na ca mama kvacani kismiñci kiñcanat’atthī” ti

yā ettha catukoṭikā suññatā kathitā, taṃ pariggaṇhāti.

54

Kathaṃ? Ayañ hi nâhaṃ kvacanī ti kvaci attānaṃ na passati. Kassaci kiñcanat’asmin ti attano attānaṃ kassaci parassa kiñcanabhāve upanetabbaṃ na passati, bhātiṭṭhāne vā bhātaraṃ, sahāyaṭṭhāne vā sahāyaṃ, parikkhāraṭṭhāne vā parikkhāraṃ maññitvā upanetabbaṃ na passatī ti attho. “Na ca mama kvacanī” ti ettha mama-saddaṃ tāva ṭhapetvā na ca kvacanī ti parassa ca attānaṃ kvaci na⁸ passatī ti ayam attho. Idāni mama-saddaṃ āharitvā mama kismiñci kiñcanat’atthī ti so parassa attā mama kismiñci kiñcanabhāve atthī ti na passatī ti, attano bhātiṭṭhāne vā bhātaraṃ, sahāyaṭṭhāne vā sahāyaṃ, parikkhāraṭṭhāne vā parikkhāran ti kismiñci ṭhāne parassa attānaṃ iminā kiñcanabhāvena upanetabbaṃ na passatī ti attho. Evam ayaṃ yasmā n’eva katthaci attānaṃ passati, na taṃ parassa kiñcanabhāve upanetabbaṃ passati, na parassa attānaṃ passati⁹, na parassa attānaṃ attano kiñcanabhāve upanetabbaṃ passati, tasmā’nena catukoṭikā suññatā pariggahitā hotī ti.

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Evaṃ catukoṭikaṃ suññataṃ pariggahetvā puna chah’ākārehi suññataṃ pariggaṇhāti. Kathaṃ?

“Cakkhu suññaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā niccena vā dhuvena vā sassatena vā avipariṇāmadhammena vā…pe… Mano suñño… Rūpā suññā… Dhammā suññā… Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… Manoviññāṇaṃ… Cakkhusamphasso” ti (cūḷani.)

evaṃ yāva jarāmaraṇā nayo netabbo.

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Evaṃ chah’ākārehi suññataṃ pariggahetvā puna aṭṭhah’ākārehi pariggaṇhāti. Seyyathidaṃ:

“Rūpaṃ asāraṃ nissāraṃ sārâpagataṃ niccasārasārena vā dhuvasārasārena vā sukhasārasārena vā attasārasārena vā niccena vā dhuvena vā sassatena vā avipariṇāmadhammena vā. Vedanā… Saññā… Saṅkhārā… Viññāṇaṃ… Cakkhu… Jarāmaraṇaṃ asāraṃ nissāraṃ sārâpagataṃ niccasārasārena vā dhuvasārasārena vā sukhasārasārena vā attasārasārena vā niccena vā dhuvena vā sassatena vā avipariṇāmadhammena vā.

Yathā naḷo asāro nissāro sārâpagato, yathā eraṇḍo, yathā udumbaro, yathā setavaccho, yathā pāḷibhaddako, yathā pheṇapiṇḍo, yathā udakabubbuḷaṃ, yathā marīci, yathā kadalikkhandho, yathā māyā asārā nissārā sārâpagatā, evam eva rūpaṃ…pe… jarāmaraṇaṃ asāraṃ nissāraṃ sārâpagataṃ niccasārasārena vā…pe… avipariṇāmadhammena vā” ti. (cūḷani.)

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So evaṃ aṭṭhah’ākārehi suññataṃ pariggahetvā puna dasah’ākārehi pariggaṇhāti.

“Rūpaṃ rittato passati, tucchato suññato anattato anissariyato akāmakāriyato alabbhanīyato avasavattakato parato vivittato passati. Vedanaṃ…pe… Viññāṇaṃ rittato…pe… vivittato passatī” ti. (cūḷani.)

CST764

58

Evaṃ dasah’ākārehi suññataṃ pariggahetvā puna dvādasah’ākārehi pariggaṇhāti. Seyyathidaṃ:

“Rūpaṃ na satto, na jīvo, na naro, na māṇavo, na itthī, na puriso, na attā, na attaniyaṃ, nâhaṃ, na mama, na aññassa, na kassaci. Vedanā…pe… Viññāṇaṃ na kassacī” ti. (cūḷani.)

CST765

59

Evaṃ dvādasah’ākārehi suññataṃ pariggaṇhitvā puna tīraṇapariññā-vasena dvācattālīsāya ākārehi suññataṃ pariggaṇhāti:

Rūpaṃ aniccato dukkhato rogato gaṇḍato sallato aghato ābādhato parato palokato ītito upaddavato bhayato upasaggato calato pabhaṅguto addhuvato atāṇato aleṇato asaraṇato asaraṇībhūtato rittato tucchato suññato anattato anassādato ādīnavato vipariṇāmadhammato assārakato aghamūlato vadhakato vibhavato sâsavato saṅkhatato mārâmisato jātidhammato jarādhammato byādhidhammato maraṇadhammato soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassaupāyāsa-dhammato samudayato atthaṅgamato anassādato ādīnavato¹⁰ nissaraṇato passati. Vedanaṃ…pe… Viññāṇaṃ aniccato…pe… nissaraṇato passati.

60

Vuttam pi c’etaṃ:

“Rūpaṃ aniccato…pe… nissaraṇato passanto suññato lokaṃ avekkhati. Vedanaṃ…pe… Viññāṇaṃ aniccato…pe… nissaraṇato passanto suññato lokaṃ avekkhati”.

“Suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu, Mogharāja, sadā sato,
attânudiṭṭhiṃ ūhacca evaṃ maccutaro siyā,
evaṃ lokaṃ avekkhantaṃ maccurājā na passatī” ti. (su. ni. 1126)

CST766

61

Evaṃ suññato disvā tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā saṅkhāre pariggaṇhanto bhayañ ca nandiñ ca vippahāya saṅkhāresu udāsīno ahosi¹¹ majjhatto, ahan ti vā maman ti vā na gaṇhāti, vissaṭṭha-bhariyo viya puriso.

62

Yathā nāma purisassa bhariyā bhaveyya iṭṭhā kantā manāpā, so tāya vinā muhuttam pi adhivāsetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya, ativiya naṃ mamāyeyya. So taṃ itthiṃ aññena purisena saddhiṃ ṭhitaṃ vā nisinnaṃ vā kathentiṃ vā hasantiṃ vā disvā kupito assa anattamano, adhimattaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeyya. So aparena samayena tassā itthiyā dosaṃ disvā muñcitukāmo hutvā taṃ vissajjeyya “na naṃ mamā” ti gaṇheyya. Tato paṭṭhāya taṃ yena kenaci saddhiṃ yaṃ kiñci kurumānaṃ disvā pi n’eva kuppeyya na domanassaṃ āpajjeyya, aññadatthu udāsīno va bhaveyya majjhatto.

Evam evâyaṃ sabbasaṅkhārehi muñcitukāmo hutvā paṭisaṅkhânupassanāya saṅkhāre pariggaṇhanto “ahaṃ mamā” ti gahetabbaṃ adisvā bhayañ ca nandiñ ca vippahāya sabbasaṅkhāresu udāsīno hoti majjhatto.

63

Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato tīsu bhavesu, catūsu yonīsu, pañcasu gatīsu, sattasu viññāṇaṭṭhitīsu, navasu sattâvāsesu cittaṃ patilīyati patikuṭati pativattati na sampasāriyati, upekkhā vā pāṭikulyatā vā saṇṭhāti.

Seyyathā pi nāma padumapalāse īsakapoṇe udakaphusitāni patilīyanti patikuṭanti pativattanti na sampasāriyanti, evam eva…pe… Seyyathā pi nāma kukkuṭa-pattaṃ vā nahāru-daddulaṃ vā aggimhi pakkhittaṃ patilīyati patikuṭati pativattati na sampasāriyati (a. ni. 7.49), evam eva tassa tīsu bhavesu cittaṃ…pe… upekkhā vā pāṭikulyatā vā saṇṭhāti. Icc assa saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ nāma uppannaṃ hoti.

CST767

64

Taṃ pan’etaṃ sace santipadaṃ nibbānaṃ santato passati, sabbaṃ saṅkhārappavattaṃ vissajjetvā nibbānam eva pakkhandati, no ce nibbānaṃ santato passati, punappunaṃ saṅkhārârammaṇam eva hutvā pavattati, sāmuddikānaṃ disākāko¹² viya.

65

Sāmuddikā kira vāṇijakā nāvaṃ ārohantā disākākaṃ nāma gaṇhanti. Te yadā nāvā vātakkhittā videsaṃ pakkhandati, tīraṃ na paññāyati, tadā disākākaṃ vissajjenti. So kūpakayaṭṭhito ākāsaṃ laṅghitvā sabbā disā ca vidisā ca anugantvā, sace tīraṃ passati, tadabhimukho va gacchati, no ce passati, punappunaṃ āgantvā kūpakayaṭṭhiṃ yeva allīyati. Evam eva sace saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ santipadaṃ nibbānaṃ santato passati, sabbaṃ saṅkhārappavattaṃ vissajjetvā nibbānam eva pakkhandati, no ce passati, punappunaṃ saṅkhārârammaṇam eva hutvā pavattati.

66

Tadidaṃ¹³ suppagge piṭṭhaṃ vaṭṭayamānaṃ viya, nibbaṭṭita-kappāsaṃ vihanamānaṃ viya, nānappakārato saṅkhāre pariggahetvā bhayañ ca nandiñ ca pahāya saṅkhāra-vicinane majjhattaṃ hutvā tividhânupassanā-vasena tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tividha-vimokkhamukha-bhāvaṃ āpajjitvā satta-ariyapuggala-vibhāgāya paccayo hoti.

CST768

Tatr’idaṃ tividhânupassanā-vasena pavattanato tiṇṇaṃ indriyānaṃ ādhipateyya-vasena tividha-vimokkhamukha-bhāvaṃ āpajjati nāma.

67

Tisso hi anupassanā tīṇi vimokkhamukhānī ti vuccanti. Yath’āha:

“Tīṇi kho pan’imāni vimokkhamukhāni loka-niyyānāya saṃvattanti. Sabbasaṅkhāre pariccheda-parivaṭumato samanupassanatāya animittāya ca dhātuyā citta-sampakkhandanatāya, sabbasaṅkhāresu mano-samuttejanatāya appaṇihitāya ca dhātuyā citta-sampakkhandanatāya, sabbadhamme parato samanupassanatāya suññatāya ca dhātuyā citta-sampakkhandanatāya. Imāni tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni loka-niyyānāya saṃvattantī” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.219)

68

Tattha pariccheda-parivaṭumato ti udayabbaya-vasena paricchedato c’eva parivaṭumato ca. Aniccânupassanaṃ hi “udayato pubbe saṅkhārā natthī” ti paricchinditvā tesaṃ gatiṃ samannesamānaṃ “vayato paraṃ na gacchanti, etth’eva antaradhāyantī” ti parivaṭumato samanupassati. Mano-samuttejanatāyā ti citta-saṃvejanatāya. Dukkhânupassanena hi saṅkhāresu cittaṃ saṃvejeti. Parato samanupassanatāyā ti “nâhaṃ, na mamā” ti evaṃ anattato samanupassanatāya.

69

Iti imāni tīṇi padāni aniccânupassanâdīnaṃ vasena vuttānī ti veditabbāni. Ten’eva tadanantare pañhavissajjane vuttaṃ:

“Aniccato manasikaroto khayato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahanti. Dukkhato manasikaroto bhayato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahanti. Anattato manasikaroto suññato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahantī” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.219)

CST769

70

Katame pana te vimokkhā, yesaṃ imāni anupassanāni mukhānī ti? Animitto, appaṇihito, suññato ti ete tayo. Vuttaṃ h’etaṃ:

“Aniccato manasikaronto adhimokkhabahulo animittaṃ vimokkhaṃ paṭilabhati. Dukkhato manasikaronto passaddhibahulo appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhaṃ paṭilabhati. Anattato manasikaronto vedabahulo suññatavimokkhaṃ paṭilabhatī” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.223)

71

Ettha ca animitto vimokkho ti animittâkārena nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavatto ariyamaggo. So hi animittāya dhātuyā uppannattā animitto, kilesehi ca vimuttattā vimokkho. Eten’eva nayena appaṇihitâkārena nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavatto appaṇihito, suññatâkārena nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavatto suññato ti veditabbo.

CST770

72

Yaṃ pana Abhidhamme,

“Yasmiṃ samaye lokuttaraṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti niyyānikaṃ apacayagāmiṃ diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāya paṭhamāya bhūmiyā pattiyā, vivicc’eva kāmehi paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati appaṇihitaṃ…pe… suññatan” ti (dha. sa. 343 ādayo)

evaṃ vimokkha-dvayam eva vuttaṃ, taṃ nippariyāyato vipassanâgamanaṃ sandhāya.

73

Vipassanāñāṇaṃ hi, kiñcâpi Paṭisambhidāmagge,

“Aniccânupassanāñāṇaṃ niccato abhinivesaṃ muñcatī ti suññato vimokkho, dukkhânupassanāñāṇaṃ sukhato abhinivesaṃ… anattânupassanāñāṇaṃ attato abhinivesaṃ muñcatī ti suññato vimokkho” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.229)

evaṃ abhinivesaṃ muñcanavasena suññato vimokkho ti ca,

“Aniccânupassanāñāṇaṃ niccato nimittaṃ muñcatī ti animitto vimokkho, dukkhânupassanāñāṇaṃ sukhato nimittaṃ… anattânupassanāñāṇaṃ attato nimittaṃ muñcatī ti animitto vimokkho” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.229)

evaṃ nimittaṃ muñcanavasena animitto vimokkho ti ca,

“Aniccânupassanāñāṇaṃ niccato paṇidhiṃ muñcatī ti appaṇihito vimokkho, dukkhânupassanāñāṇaṃ sukhato paṇidhiṃ… anattânupassanāñāṇaṃ attato paṇidhiṃ muñcatī ti appaṇihito vimokkho” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.229)

evaṃ paṇidhiṃ muñcanavasena appaṇihito vimokkho ti ca vuttaṃ, tathā pi taṃ saṅkhāranimittassa avijahanato na nippariyāyena animittaṃ, nippariyāyena pana suññatañ c’eva appaṇihitañ ca, tassa ca āgamanavasena ariyamaggakkhaṇe vimokkho uddhaṭo. Tasmā “appaṇihitaṃ suññatan” ti vimokkha-dvayam eva vuttan ti veditabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tāv’ettha vimokkhakathā.

CST771

74

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ “satta-ariyapuggala-vibhāgāya paccayo hotī” ti (XXI.66), tattha

1. saddhânusārī,
2. saddhāvimutto,
3. kāyasakkhi,
4. ubhatobhāga-vimutto,
5. dhammânusārī,
6. diṭṭhippatto,
7. paññāvimutto ti

ime tāva satta ariyapuggalā, tesaṃ vibhāgāya idaṃ saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ paccayo hoti.

CST772

75

Yo hi aniccato manasikaronto adhimokkhabahulo saddhindriyaṃ paṭilabhati, so sotāpattimagga-kkhaṇe saddhânusārī hoti, sesesu sattasu ṭhānesu saddhāvimutto.

CST773

Yo pana dukkhato manasikaronto passaddhibahulo samādhindriyaṃ paṭilabhati, so sabbattha kāyasakkhi nāma hoti. Arūpajjhānaṃ pana patvā aggaphalappatto ubhatobhāga-vimutto nāma hoti.

CST774

Yo pana anattato manasikaronto vedabahulo paññindriyaṃ paṭilabhati, so sotāpattimagga-kkhaṇe dhammânusārī hoti, chasu ṭhānesu diṭṭhippatto, aggaphale paññāvimutto ti.

CST775

76

Vuttaṃ h’etaṃ:

“Aniccato manasikaroto saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, saddhindriyassa adhimattattā sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭilabhati, tena vuccati saddhânusārī” ti.

Tathā,

“Aniccato manasikaroto saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, saddhindriyassa adhimattattā sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchikataṃ hoti, tena vuccati saddhâvimutto” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.221) ādi.

CST776

77

Aparam pi vuttaṃ:

“Saddahanto vimutto ti saddhāvimutto. Phuṭṭhantaṃ sacchikato ti kāyasakkhi. Diṭṭhantaṃ patto ti diṭṭhippatto.

Saddahanto vimuccatī ti saddhāvimutto. Jhānaphassaṃ paṭhamaṃ phusati pacchā nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikarotī ti kāyasakkhi. ‘Dukkhā saṅkhārā, sukho nirodho’ ti ñātaṃ hoti diṭṭhaṃ viditaṃ sacchikataṃ phusitaṃ paññāyā ti diṭṭhippatto” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.221)

CST777

78

Itaresu pana catūsu, saddhaṃ anusarati, saddhāya vā anusarati gacchatī ti saddhânusārī, tathā paññā-saṅkhātaṃ dhammaṃ anusarati, dhammena vā anusaratī ti dhammânusārī, arūpajjhānena c’eva ariyamaggena cā ti ubhato bhāgena vimutto ti ubhatobhāga-vimutto, pajānanto vimutto ti paññāvimutto ti evaṃ vacanattho veditabbo ti.

Saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ.

CST778

79

Taṃ pan’etaṃ purimena ñāṇadvayena atthato ekaṃ. Ten’āhu porāṇā:

“Idaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā-ñāṇaṃ ekam eva tīṇi nāmāni labhati: heṭṭhā muñcitukamyatā-ñāṇaṃ nāma jātaṃ, majjhe paṭisaṅkhânupassa-nāñāṇaṃ nāma, ante ca sikhāppattaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā-ñāṇaṃ nāma”.

CST779

80

Pāḷiyam pi vuttaṃ:

“Kathaṃ muñcitukamyatā-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ? Uppādaṃ muñcitukamyatā-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ… pavattaṃ… nimittaṃ… upāyāsaṃ muñcitukamyatā-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ.

Uppādo dukkhan ti… bhayan ti… sâmisan ti…pe… Uppādo saṅkhārā ti… upāyāso saṅkhārā ti muñcitukamyatā-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇan” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.54)

CST780

81

Tattha muñcitukamyatā ca sā paṭisaṅkhā ca santiṭṭhanā cā ti muñcitukamyatā-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā. Iti pubbabhāge nibbidāñāṇena nibbinnassa¹⁴ uppādâdīni pariccajitukāmatā muñcitukāmatā, muñcanassa upāya-karaṇatthaṃ majjhe paṭisaṅkhānaṃ paṭisaṅkhā, muñcitvā avasāne ajjhupekkhanaṃ santiṭṭhanā. Yaṃ sandhāya,

“Uppādo saṅkhārā, te saṅkhāre ajjhupekkhatī ti saṅkhārupekkhā” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.54)

ādi vuttaṃ. Evaṃ ekam ev’idaṃ ñāṇaṃ.

CST781

82

Api ca imāya pi pāḷiyā idaṃ ekam evā ti veditabbaṃ. Vuttaṃ h’etaṃ:

“Yā ca muñcitukamyatā, yā ca paṭisaṅkhânupassanā, yā ca saṅkhārupekkhā, ime dhammā ekatthā, byañjanam eva nānan” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.227)

CST782

83

Evaṃ adhigata-saṅkhārupekkhassa pana imassa kulaputtassa vipassanā sikhāppattā vuṭṭhānagāminī hoti. Sikhāppattā vipassanā ti vā vuṭṭhānagāminī ti vā saṅkhārupekkhâdi-ñāṇa-ttayass’eva etaṃ nāmaṃ. Sā hi sikhaṃ uttama-bhāvaṃ pattattā sikhāppattā, vuṭṭhānaṃ gacchatī ti vuṭṭhānagāminī. Vuṭṭhānaṃ vuccati bahiddhā-nimitta-bhūtato abhiniviṭṭha-vatthuto c’eva ajjhatta-pavattato ca vuṭṭhahanato maggo, taṃ gacchatī ti vuṭṭhānagāminī, maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyatī ti attho.

CST783

84

Tatrâyaṃ abhinivesa-vuṭṭhānānaṃ āvibhāvatthāya mātikā:

• ajjhattaṃ abhinivisitvā ajjhattā vuṭṭhāti, ajjhattaṃ abhinivisitvā bahiddhā vuṭṭhāti, bahiddhā abhinivisitvā bahiddhā vuṭṭhāti, bahiddhā abhinivisitvā ajjhattā vuṭṭhāti,
• rūpe abhinivisitvā rūpā vuṭṭhāti, rūpe abhinivisitvā arūpā vuṭṭhāti, arūpe abhinivisitvā arūpā vuṭṭhāti, arūpe abhinivisitvā rūpā vuṭṭhāti,
• ekappahārena pañcahi khandhehi vuṭṭhāti,
• aniccato abhinivisitvā aniccato vuṭṭhāti, aniccato abhinivisitvā dukkhato anattato vuṭṭhāti, dukkhato abhinivisitvā dukkhato… aniccato anattato vuṭṭhāti, anattato abhinivisitvā anattato… aniccato dukkhato vuṭṭhāti.

CST784

85

Kathaṃ? Idh’ekacco ādito va ajjhatta-saṅkhāresu abhinivisati, abhinivisitvā te passati. Yasmā pana na suddha-ajjhatta-dassana-matten’eva maggavuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, bahiddhā pi daṭṭhabbam eva, tasmā parassa khandhe pi anupādiṇṇa-saṅkhāre pi “aniccaṃ dukkham anattā” ti passati. So kālena ajjhattaṃ sammasati, kālena bahiddhā. Tass’evaṃ sammasato ajjhattaṃ sammasanakāle vipassanā maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyati, ayaṃ ajjhattaṃ abhinivisitvā ajjhattā vuṭṭhāti nāma. Sace pan’assa bahiddhā sammasanakāle vipassanā maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyati, ayaṃ ajjhattaṃ abhinivisitvā bahiddhā vuṭṭhāti nāma. Esa nayo bahiddhā abhinivisitvā bahiddhā ca ajjhattā ca vuṭṭhāne pi.

CST785

86

Aparo ādito va rūpe abhinivisati, abhinivisitvā bhūtarūpañ ca upādārūpañ ca rāsiṃ katvā passati. Yasmā pana na suddha-rūpa-dassana-matten’eva vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, arūpam pi daṭṭhabbam eva, tasmā taṃ rūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppannaṃ vedanaṃ saññaṃ saṅkhāre viññāṇañ ca “idaṃ arūpan” ti arūpaṃ passati. So kālena rūpaṃ sammasati, kālena arūpaṃ. Tass’evaṃ sammasato rūpasammasanakāle vipassanā maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyati, ayaṃ rūpe abhinivisitvā rūpā vuṭṭhāti nāma. Sace pan’assa arūpasammasanakāle vipassanā maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyati, ayaṃ rūpe¹⁵ abhinivisitvā arūpā vuṭṭhāti nāma. Esa nayo arūpe abhinivisitvā arūpā ca rūpā ca vuṭṭhāne pi.

CST786

87

“Yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamman” ti (dī. ni. 1.298)

evaṃ abhinivisitvā evam eva vuṭṭhānakāle pana ekappahārena pañcahi khandhehi vuṭṭhāti nāma.

CST787

88

Eko ādito va aniccato saṅkhāre sammasati. Yasmā pana na aniccato sammasana-matten’eva vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, dukkhato pi anattato pi sammasitabbam eva, tasmā dukkhato pi anattato pi sammasati. Tass’evaṃ paṭipannassa aniccato sammasanakāle vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, ayaṃ aniccato abhinivisitvā aniccato vuṭṭhāti nāma. Sace pan’assa dukkhato anattato sammasanakāle vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, ayaṃ aniccato abhinivisitvā dukkhato anattato vuṭṭhāti nāma. Esa nayo dukkhato anattato abhinivisitvā sesavuṭṭhānesu pi.

CST788

89

Ettha ca yo pi aniccato abhiniviṭṭho, yo pi dukkhato, yo pi anattato, vuṭṭhānakāle ca aniccato vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, tayo pi janā adhimokkha-bahulā honti, saddhindriyaṃ paṭilabhanti, animitta-vimokkhena vimuccanti, paṭhamamagga-kkhaṇe saddhânusārino honti, sattasu ṭhānesu saddhāvimuttā.

Sace pana dukkhato vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, tayo pi janā passaddhi-bahulā honti, samādhindriyaṃ paṭilabhanti, appaṇihita-vimokkhena vimuccanti, sabbattha kāyasakkhino honti. Yassa pan’ettha arūpajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ, so aggaphale ubhatobhāga-vimutto hoti.

Atha nesaṃ anattato vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, tayo pi janā veda-bahulā honti, paññindriyaṃ paṭilabhanti, suññata-vimokkhena vimuccanti, paṭhamamagga-kkhaṇe dhammânusārino honti, chasu ṭhānesu diṭṭhippattā, aggaphale paññāvimuttā ti.

CST789

90

Idāni saddhiṃ purima-pacchima-ñāṇehi imissā vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya āvibhāvatthaṃ dvādasa upamā veditabbā. Tāsaṃ idaṃ uddānaṃ:

“Vaggulī kaṇhasappo ca gharaṃ go¹⁶ yakkhi dārako,
khuddaṃ¹⁷ pipāsaṃ sītuṇhaṃ andhakāraṃ visena cā” ti.

Imā ca upamā bhayatupaṭṭhānato pabhuti yattha katthaci ñāṇe ṭhatvā āharituṃ vaṭṭeyyuṃ, imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne āhariyamānāsu bhayatupaṭṭhānato yāva phalañāṇaṃ sabbaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, tasmā idh’eva āharitabbā ti vuttā.

CST790

91

Vaggulī ti ekā kira vaggulī “ettha pupphaṃ vā phalaṃ vā labhissāmī” ti pañcasākhe madhukarukkhe nilīyitvā ekaṃ sākhaṃ parāmasitvā na tattha kiñci pupphaṃ phalaṃ vā gayhupagaṃ addasa. Yathā ca ekaṃ, evaṃ dutiyaṃ tatiyaṃ catutthaṃ pañcamam pi sākhaṃ parāmasitvā nâddasa. Sā “aphalo vatâyaṃ rukkho, natth’ettha kiñci gayhupagan” ti tasmiṃ rukkhe ālayaṃ vissajjetvā ujukāya sākhāya āruyha viṭapantarena sīsaṃ nīharitvā uddhaṃ ulloketvā ākāse uppatitvā aññasmiṃ phalarukkhe nilīyati¹⁸.

92

Tattha vagguli viya yogâvacaro daṭṭhabbo, pañcasākho madhukarukkho viya pañcupādāna-kkhandhā, tattha vagguliyā nilīyanaṃ viya yogino khandha-pañcake abhiniveso, tassā ekekaṃ sākhaṃ parāmasitvā kiñci gayhupagaṃ adisvā avasesa-sākhā-parāmasanaṃ viya yogino rūpakkhandhaṃ sammasitvā tattha kiñci gayhupagaṃ adisvā avasesa-kkhandha-sammasanaṃ, tassā “aphalo vatâyaṃ rukkho” ti rukkhe ālaya-vissajjanaṃ viya yogino pañcasu pi khandhesu anicca-lakkhaṇâdi-dassana-vasena nibbinnassa¹⁹ muñcitukamyatâdi-ñāṇattayaṃ, tassā ujukāya sākhāya upari ārohanaṃ viya yogino anulomaṃ, sīsaṃ nīharitvā uddhaṃ ullokanaṃ viya gotrabhuñāṇaṃ, ākāse uppatanaṃ viya maggañāṇaṃ, aññasmiṃ phalarukkhe nilīyanaṃ viya phalañāṇaṃ.

CST791

93

Kaṇhasappupamā paṭisaṅkhāñāṇe vuttā va (XXI.49-50). Upamā-saṃsandane pan’ettha sappavissajjanaṃ viya gotrabhuñāṇaṃ, muñcitvā āgatamaggaṃ olokentassa ṭhānaṃ viya maggañāṇaṃ, gantvā abhayaṭṭhāne ṭhānaṃ viya phalañāṇan ti ayaṃ viseso.

CST792

94

Gharan ti gharasāmike kira sāyaṃ bhuñjitvā sayanaṃ āruyha niddaṃ okkante gharaṃ ādittaṃ. So pabujjhitvā aggiṃ disvā bhīto “sādhu vat’assa sace aḍayhamāno nikkhameyyan” ti olokayamāno maggaṃ disvā nikkhamitvā vegena khemaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā ṭhito.

95

Tattha gharasāmikassa bhuñjitvā sayanaṃ āruyha niddokkamanaṃ viya bālaputhujjanassa khandha-pañcake “ahaṃ mamā” ti gahaṇaṃ, pabujjhitvā aggiṃ disvā bhītakālo viya sammāpaṭipadaṃ paṭipajjitvā lakkhaṇaṃ disvā bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ, nikkhamana-maggaṃ olokanaṃ viya muñcitukamyatā-ñāṇaṃ, maggadassanaṃ viya anulomaṃ, nikkhamanaṃ viya gotrabhuñāṇaṃ, vegena gamanaṃ viya maggañāṇaṃ, khemaṭṭhāne ṭhānaṃ viya phalañāṇaṃ.

CST793

96

Go ti ekassa kira kassakassa rattibhāge niddaṃ okkantassa vajaṃ bhinditvā goṇā palātā. So paccūsasamaye tattha gantvā olokento tesaṃ palātabhāvaṃ ñatvā anupadaṃ gantvā rañño goṇe addasa. Te “mayhaṃ goṇā” ti sallakkhetvā āharanto pabhātakāle “na ime mayhaṃ goṇā, rañño goṇā” ti sañjānitvā “yāva maṃ ‘coro ayan’ ti gahetvā rājapurisā na anayabyasanaṃ pāpenti, tāvad eva palāyissāmī” ti bhīto goṇe pahāya vegena palāyitvā nibbhayaṭṭhāne aṭṭhāsi.

97

Tattha “mayhaṃ goṇā” ti rājagoṇānaṃ gahaṇaṃ viya bālaputhujjanassa “ahaṃ mamā” ti khandhānaṃ gahaṇaṃ, pabhāte “rājagoṇā” ti sañjānanaṃ viya yogino tilakkhaṇa-vasena khandhānaṃ “aniccā dukkhā anattā” ti sañjānanaṃ, bhītakālo viya bhayatupaṭṭhāna-ñāṇaṃ, vissajjitvā gantukāmatā viya muñcitukamyatā, vissajjanaṃ viya gotrabhu, palāyanaṃ viya maggo, palāyitvā abhayadese ṭhānaṃ viya phalaṃ.

CST794

98

Yakkhī ti eko kira puriso yakkhiniyā saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappesi. Sā rattibhāge “sutto ayan” ti mantvā āmakasusānaṃ gantvā manussa-maṃsaṃ khādati. So “kuhiṃ esā gacchatī” ti anubandhitvā manussa-maṃsaṃ khādamānaṃ disvā tassā amanussibhāvaṃ ñatvā “yāva maṃ na khādati, tāva palāyissāmī” ti bhīto vegena palāyitvā khemaṭṭhāne aṭṭhāsi.

99

Tattha yakkhiniyā saddhiṃ saṃvāso viya khandhānaṃ “ahaṃ mamā” ti gahaṇaṃ, susāne manussa-maṃsaṃ khādamānaṃ disvā “yakkhinī ayan” ti jānanaṃ viya khandhānaṃ tilakkhaṇaṃ disvā aniccâdi-bhāva-jānanaṃ, bhītakālo viya bhayatupaṭṭhānaṃ, palāyitukāmatā viya muñcitukamyatā, susāna-vijahanaṃ viya gotrabhu, vegena palāyanaṃ viya maggo, abhayadese ṭhānaṃ viya phalaṃ.

CST795

100

Dārako ti ekā kira puttagiddhinī itthī, sā uparipāsāde nisinnā va antaravīthiyaṃ dārakasaddaṃ sutvā “putto nu kho me kenaci viheṭhiyatī” ti vegasā gantvā “attano putto” ti saññāya paraputtaṃ aggahesi. Sā “paraputto ayan” ti sañjānitvā ottappamānā ito c’ito ca oloketvā “mā h’eva maṃ koci ‘dārakacorī ayan’ ti vadeyyā” ti dārakaṃ tatth’eva oropetvā puna vegasā pāsādaṃ āruyha nisīdi.

101

Tattha attano puttasaññāya paraputtassa gahaṇaṃ viya “ahaṃ mamā” ti pañcakkhandha-gahaṇaṃ, “paraputto ayan” ti sañjānanaṃ viya tilakkhaṇa-vasena “nâhaṃ, na mamā” ti sañjānanaṃ, ottappanaṃ viya bhayatupaṭṭhānaṃ, ito c’ito ca olokanaṃ viya muñcitukamyatā-ñāṇaṃ, tatth’eva dārakassa oropanaṃ viya anulomaṃ, oropetvā antaravīthiyaṃ ṭhitakālo viya gotrabhu, pāsādârūhanaṃ viya maggo, āruyha nisīdanaṃ viya phalaṃ.

CST796

102

Khuddaṃ pipāsaṃ sītuṇhaṃ andhakāraṃ visena cā ti imā pana cha upamā vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya ṭhitassa lokuttara-dhammâbhimukha-ninna-poṇa-pabbhāra-bhāva-dassanatthaṃ vuttā.

103

Yathā hi khuddāya abhibhūto sujighacchito puriso sādurasaṃ bhojanaṃ pattheti, evam evâyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭa-jighacchāya phuṭṭho yogâvacaro amatarasaṃ kāyagatāsati-bhojanaṃ pattheti.

104

Yathā ca pipāsito puriso parisussamāna-kaṇṭha-mukho anekaṅga-sambhāraṃ pānakaṃ pattheti, evam evâyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭa-pipāsāya phuṭṭho yogâvacaro ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikamagga-pānakaṃ pattheti.

105

Yathā pana sīta-samphuṭṭho puriso uṇhaṃ pattheti, evam evâyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭe taṇhāsineha-sītena phuṭṭho yogâvacaro kilesa-santāpakaṃ magga-tejaṃ pattheti.

106

Yathā ca uṇha-samphuṭṭho puriso sītaṃ pattheti, evam evâyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭe ekādasaggi-santāpa-santatto yogâvacaro ekādasaggi-vūpasamaṃ nibbānaṃ pattheti.

107

Yathā pana andhakāra-pareto puriso ālokaṃ pattheti, evam evâyaṃ avijjandhakārena onaddha-pariyonaddho yogâvacaro ñāṇâlokaṃ maggabhāvanaṃ pattheti.

108

Yathā ca visa-samphuṭṭho puriso visaghātanaṃ bhesajjaṃ pattheti, evam evâyaṃ kilesa-visa-samphuṭṭho yogâvacaro kilesa-visa-nimmathanaṃ amatosadhaṃ nibbānaṃ pattheti.

109

Tena vuttaṃ:

“Tass’evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato tīsu bhavesu…pe… navasu sattâvāsesu cittaṃ patilīyati patikuṭati pativattati na sampasāriyati, upekkhā vā pāṭikulyatā vā saṇṭhāti.

Seyyathā pi nāma padumapalāse īsakapoṇe…” ti (XXI.63)

sabbaṃ pubbe vuttanayen’eva veditabbaṃ.

CST797

110

Ettāvatā ca pan’esa patilīnacaro nāma hoti. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ:

“Patilīnacarassa bhikkhuno bhajamānassa vivittamāsanaṃ,
sāmaggiyam āhu tassa taṃ yo attānaṃ bhavane na dassaye” ti. (su. ni. 817)

111

Evam idaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā-ñāṇaṃ yogino patilīnacara-bhāvaṃ niyametvā uttari ariyamaggassâpi bojjhaṅga-maggaṅga-jhānaṅga-paṭipadā-vimokkha-visesaṃ niyameti.

• Keci hi therā bojjhaṅga-maggaṅga-jhānaṅgānaṃ visesaṃ pādakajjhānaṃ niyametī ti vadanti.
• Keci vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyamentī ti vadanti.
• Keci puggalajjhāsayo niyametī ti vadanti.

Tesam pi vādesu ayaṃ pubbabhāga-vuṭṭhānagāmini-vipassanā va niyametī ti veditabbā.

CST798

112

Tatrâyaṃ anupubbikathā. Vipassanā-niyamena hi sukkha-vipassakassa uppannamaggo pi samāpatti-lābhino jhānaṃ pādakaṃ akatvā uppannamaggo pi paṭhamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā pakiṇṇaka-saṅkhāre sammasitvā uppāditamaggo pi paṭhamajjhānikā va honti, sabbesu satta bojjhaṅgāni aṭṭha maggaṅgāni pañca jhānaṅgāni honti. Tesaṃ hi pubbabhāga-vipassanā somanassasahagatā pi upekkhāsahagatā pi hutvā vuṭṭhānakāle saṅkhārupekkhā-bhāvaṃ patvā somanassasahagatā hoti.

113

Pañcakanaye dutiya-tatiya-catuttha-jjhānāni pādakāni katvā uppāditamaggesu yathākkamen’eva jhānaṃ caturaṅgikaṃ tivaṅgikaṃ duvaṅgikañ ca hoti, sabbesu pana satta maggaṅgāni honti, catutthe cha bojjhaṅgāni. Ayaṃ viseso pādakajjhāna-niyamena c’eva vipassanā-niyamena ca hoti. Tesam pi hi pubbabhāga-vipassanā somanassasahagatā pi upekkhāsahagatā pi hoti, vuṭṭhānagāminī somanassasahagatā va.

114

Pañcamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā nibbattitamagge pana upekkhā-cittekaggatā-vasena dve jhānaṅgāni bojjhaṅga-maggaṅgāni cha satta c’eva. Ayam pi viseso ubhaya-niyama-vasena hoti. Imasmiṃ hi naye pubbabhāga-vipassanā somanassasahagatā vā upekkhāsahagatā vā hoti, vuṭṭhānagāminī upekkhāsahagatā va.

Arūpajjhānāni pādakaṃ katvā uppāditamagge pi es’eva nayo. Evaṃ pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ye keci saṅkhāre sammasitvā nibbattitamaggassa āsannapadese vuṭṭhita-samāpatti attano sadisabhāvaṃ karoti, bhūmivaṇṇo viya godhāvaṇṇassa.

CST799

115

Dutiyattheravāde pana yato yato samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ye ye samāpattidhamme sammasitvā maggo nibbattito hoti, taṃ-taṃ-samāpatti-sadiso va hoti. Tatrâpi ca vipassanā-niyamo vuttanayen’eva veditabbo.

CST800

116

Tatiyattheravāde attano attano ajjhāsayânurūpena yaṃ yaṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā ye ye jhānadhamme sammasitvā maggo nibbattito, taṃ-taṃ-jhāna-sadiso va hoti. Pādaka-jjhānaṃ pana sammasita-jjhānaṃ vā vinā, ajjhāsaya-matten’eva taṃ na ijjhati. Svâyam attho Nandakovādasuttena (ma. ni. 3.398 ādayo) dīpetabbo. Etthâpi ca vipassanā-niyamo vuttanayen’eva veditabbo. Evaṃ tāva saṅkhārupekkhā bojjhaṅga-maggaṅga-jhānaṅgāni niyametī ti veditabbā.

CST801

117

Sace panâyaṃ ādito kilese vikkhambhayamānā dukkhena sappayogena sasaṅkhārena vikkhambhetuṃ asakkhi, dukkhāpaṭipadā nāma hoti, vipariyāyena sukhāpaṭipadā. Kilese pana vikkhambhetvā vipassanā-parivāsaṃ magga-pātubhāvaṃ saṇikaṃ kurumānā dandhâbhiññā nāma hoti, vipariyāyena khippâbhiññā. Iti ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā āgamanīya-ṭṭhāne ṭhatvā attano attano maggassa nāmaṃ deti, tena maggo cattāri nāmāni labhati.

118

Sā panâyaṃ paṭipadā kassaci bhikkhuno nānā hoti, kassaci catūsu pi maggesu ekā va. Buddhānaṃ pana cattāro pi maggā sukhāpaṭipadā khippâbhiññā va ahesuṃ, tathā Dhammasenāpatissa. Mahāmoggallāna-ttherassa pana paṭhamamaggo sukhāpaṭipado khippâbhiñño ahosi, upari tayo dukkhāpaṭipadā dandhâbhiññā.

119

Yathā ca paṭipadā, evaṃ adhipatayo pi kassaci bhikkhuno catūsu maggesu nānā honti, kassaci catūsu pi ekā va. Evaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā paṭipadā-visesaṃ niyameti. Yathā pana vimokkha-visesaṃ niyameti, taṃ pubbe vuttam eva (XXI.66-70).

CST802

120

Api ca maggo nāma pañcahi kāraṇehi nāmaṃ labhati: sarasena vā paccanīkena vā saguṇena vā ārammaṇena vā āgamanena vā.

121

Sace hi saṅkhārupekkhā aniccato saṅkhāre sammasitvā vuṭṭhāti, animitta-vimokkhena vimuccati, sace dukkhato sammasitvā vuṭṭhāti, appaṇihita-vimokkhena vimuccati, sace anattato sammasitvā vuṭṭhāti, suññata-vimokkhena vimuccati. Idaṃ sarasato nāmaṃ nāma.

122

Yasmā pan’esa aniccânupassanāya saṅkhārānaṃ ghana-vinibbhogaṃ katvā niccanimitta-dhuvanimitta-sassatanimittāni pajahanto āgato, tasmā animitto, dukkhânupassanāya pana sukhasaññaṃ pahāya paṇidhiṃ patthanaṃ sukkhāpetvā āgatattā appaṇihito, anattânupassanāya atta-satta-puggala-saññaṃ pahāya saṅkhārānaṃ suññato diṭṭhattā suññato ti. Idaṃ paccanīkato nāmaṃ nāma.

123

Rāgâdīhi pan’esa suññattā suññato, rūpanimittâdīnaṃ rāganimittâdīnañ ñeva vā abhāvena animitto, rāga-paṇidhi-ādīnaṃ abhāvato appaṇihito ti. Idam assa saguṇato nāmaṃ.

124

Svâyaṃ suññaṃ animittaṃ appaṇihitañ ca nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karotī ti pi suññato animitto appaṇihito ti vuccati. Idam assa ārammaṇato nāmaṃ.

CST803

125

Āgamanaṃ pana duvidhaṃ: vipassanâgamanaṃ maggâgamanañ ca. Tattha magge vipassanâgamanaṃ labhati, phale maggâgamanaṃ. Anattânupassanā hi suññatā nāma, suññata-vipassanāya maggo suññato, aniccânupassanā animittā nāma, animitta-vipassanāya maggo animitto.

126

Idaṃ pana nāmaṃ na Abhidhammapariyāyena labbhati, Suttantapariyāyena labbhati. Tatra hi gotrabhuñāṇaṃ animittaṃ nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā animitta-nāmakaṃ hutvā sayaṃ āgamanīya-ṭṭhāne ṭhatvā maggassa nāmaṃ detī ti vadanti, tena “maggo animitto” ti vutto. Maggâgamanena pana “phalaṃ animittan” ti yujjati yeva.

127

Dukkhânupassanā saṅkhāresu paṇidhiṃ sukkhāpetvā āgatattā appaṇihitā nāma, appaṇihita-vipassanāya maggo appaṇihito, appaṇihita-maggassa phalaṃ appaṇihitaṃ. Evaṃ vipassanā attano nāmaṃ maggassa deti, maggo phalassā ti. Idaṃ āgamanato nāmaṃ. Evam ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā vimokkha-visesaṃ niyametī ti.

Saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Anulomañāṇakathā

CST804

128

Tassa taṃ saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ āsevantassa bhāventassa bahulīkarontassa adhimokkha-saddhā balavatarā nibbattati, vīriyaṃ supaggahitaṃ hoti, sati sūpaṭṭhitā, cittaṃ susamāhitaṃ, tikkhatarā saṅkhārupekkhā uppajjati.

129

Tassa “dāni maggo uppajjissatī” ti saṅkhārupekkhā saṅkhāre aniccā ti vā dukkhā ti vā anattā ti vā sammasitvā bhavaṅgaṃ otarati. Bhavaṅgânantaraṃ saṅkhārupekkhāya katanayen’eva saṅkhāre aniccā ti vā dukkhā ti vā anattā ti vā ārammaṇaṃ kurumānaṃ uppajjati manodvārâvajjanaṃ. Tato bhavaṅgaṃ āvaṭṭetvā uppannassa tassa kiriyacittassânantaraṃ avīcikaṃ cittasantatiṃ anuppabandhamānaṃ tath’eva saṅkhāre ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati paṭhamaṃ javanacittaṃ, yaṃ parikamman ti vuccati. Tadanantaraṃ tath’eva saṅkhāre ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati dutiyaṃ javanacittaṃ, yaṃ upacāran ti vuccati. Tadanantaram pi tath’eva saṅkhāre ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati tatiyaṃ javanacittaṃ, yaṃ anuloman ti vuccati. Idaṃ nesaṃ pāṭiyekkaṃ nāmaṃ.

130

Avisesena pana tividham p’etaṃ āsevanan ti pi parikamman ti pi upacāran ti pi anuloman ti pi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Kissânulomaṃ? Purimabhāga-pacchimabhāgānaṃ. Tañ hi purimānaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ vipassanā-ñāṇānaṃ tathakiccatāya ca anulometi, upari ca sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiya-dhammānaṃ.

131

Tañ hi anicca-lakkhaṇâdi-vasena saṅkhāre ārabbha pavattattā,

1. “udayabbayavantānaṃ yeva vata dhammānaṃ udayabbaya-ñāṇaṃ uppādavaye addasā” ti ca,
2. “bhaṅgavantānaṃ yeva vata bhaṅgânupassanaṃ bhaṅgaṃ addasā” ti ca,
3. “sabhayaṃ yeva vata bhayatupaṭṭhānassa bhayato upaṭṭhitan” ti ca,
4. “sâdīnave yeva vata ādīnavânupassanaṃ ādīnavaṃ addasā” ti ca,
5. “nibbinditabbe yeva vata nibbidā-ñāṇaṃ nibbinnan²⁰” ti ca,
6. “muñcitabbamhi yeva vata muñcitukamyatā-ñāṇaṃ muñcitukāmaṃ jātan” ti ca,
7. “paṭisaṅkhātabbaṃ yeva vata paṭisaṅkhā-ñāṇena paṭisaṅkhātan” ti ca,
8. “upekkhitabbaṃ yeva vata saṅkhārupekkhāya upekkhitan” ti ca

atthato vadamānaṃ viya imesañ ca aṭṭhannaṃ ñāṇānaṃ tathakiccatāya anulometi, upari ca sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiya-dhammānaṃ, tāya paṭipattiyā pattabbattā.

132

Yathā hi dhammiko rājā vinicchayaṭṭhāne nisinno vohārika-mahāmattānaṃ vinicchayaṃ sutvā agati-gamanaṃ pahāya majjhatto hutvā “evaṃ hotū” ti anumodamāno tesañ ca vinicchayassa anulometi, porāṇassa ca rājadhammassa, evaṃsampadam idaṃ veditabbaṃ.

133

Rājā viya hi anulomañāṇaṃ, aṭṭha vohārika-mahāmattā viya aṭṭha ñāṇāni, porāṇo rājadhammo viya sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyā. Tattha yathā rājā “evaṃ hotū” ti vadamāno vohārikānañ ca vinicchayassa, rājadhammassa ca anulometi, evam idaṃ aniccâdi-vasena saṅkhāre ārabbha uppajjamānaṃ aṭṭhannañ ca ñāṇānaṃ tathakiccatāya anulometi, upari ca sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiya-dhammānaṃ, ten’eva saccânulomika-ñāṇan ti vuccatī ti.

Anulomañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

Vuṭṭhānagāminīvipassanākathā

CST805

134

Idañ ca pana anulomañāṇaṃ saṅkhārârammaṇāya vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya pariyosānaṃ hoti. Sabbena sabbaṃ pana gotrabhuñāṇaṃ vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya pariyosānaṃ.

135

Idāni tassā yeva vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya asammohatthaṃ ayaṃ sutta-saṃsandanā veditabbā. Seyyathidaṃ: ayañ hi vuṭṭhānagāminī vipassanā Saḷāyatanavibhaṅgasutte

“Atammayataṃ, bhikkhave, nissāya atammayataṃ āgamma, yā’yaṃ upekkhā ekattā ekattasitā, taṃ pajahatha taṃ samatikkamathā” ti (ma. ni. 3.310)

evaṃ atammayatā ti vuttā. Alagaddasuttante

“Nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccatī” ti (ma. ni. 1.245)

evaṃ nibbidā ti vuttā. Susimasuttante

“Pubbe kho, Susima, dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ, pacchā nibbāne ñāṇan” ti (saṃ. ni. 2.70)

evaṃ dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇan ti vuttā. Poṭṭhapādasuttante

“Saññā kho, Poṭṭhapāda, paṭhamaṃ uppajjati, pacchā ñāṇan” ti (dī. ni. 1.416)

evaṃ saññaggan ti vuttā. Dasuttarasuttante

“Paṭipadā-ñāṇadassana-visuddhi pārisuddhi-padhāniyaṅgan” ti (dī. ni. 3.359)

evaṃ pārisuddhi-padhāniyaṅgan ti vuttā. Paṭisambhidāmagge

“Yā ca muñcitukamyatā yā ca paṭisaṅkhânupassanā yā ca saṅkhārupekkhā, ime dhammā ekatthā byañjanam eva nānan” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.227)

evaṃ tīhi nāmehi vuttā. Paṭṭhāne

“Anulomaṃ gotrabhussa, anulomaṃ vodānassā” ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.417)

evaṃ tīhi nāmehi vuttā. Rathavinītasuttante

“Kiṃ pan’āvuso, paṭipadā-ñāṇadassana-visuddhatthaṃ Bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussatī” ti (ma. ni. 1.257)

evaṃ paṭipadā-ñāṇadassana-visuddhī ti vuttā.

136

Iti’nekehi nāmehi kittitā yā mahesinā
vuṭṭhānagāminī santā parisuddhā vipassanā,

Vuṭṭhātukāmo saṃsāra-dukkha-paṅkā mahabbhayā
kareyya satataṃ tattha yogaṃ paṇḍitajātiko ti.