说修慧的功德品

Ānisaṃsapakāsanā

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Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ “paññābhāvanāya ko ānisaṃso” ti (XIV.1), tattha vadāma. Ayañ hi paññābhāvanā nāma anekasatânisaṃsā, tassā dīghenâpi addhunā na sukaraṃ vitthārato ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsetuṃ. Saṅkhepato pan’assā

• nānākilesa-viddhaṃsanaṃ,
• ariyaphala-rasânubhavanaṃ,
• nirodhasamāpatti-samāpajjana-samatthatā,
• āhuneyyabhāvâdi-siddhī ti

ayam ānisaṃso veditabbo.

Nānākilesaviddhaṃsanakathā

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Tattha yaṃ nāmarūpa-paricchedato paṭṭhāya sakkāyadiṭṭhâdīnaṃ vasena nānākilesa-viddhaṃsanaṃ vuttaṃ (XVI.85), ayaṃ lokikāya paññābhāvanāya ānisaṃso, yaṃ ariyamagga-kkhaṇe saṃyojanâdīnaṃ vasena nānākilesa-viddhaṃsanaṃ vuttaṃ (XXII.47-77), ayaṃ lokuttarāya paññābhāvanāya ānisaṃso ti veditabbo.

Bhīmavegânupatitā asanîva siluccaye,
vāyuvegasamuṭṭhito araññam iva pāvako,

Andhakāraṃ viya ravi satejujjala-maṇḍalo,
dīgharattânupatitaṃ sabbânattha-vidhāyakaṃ

Kilesajālaṃ paññā hi viddhaṃsayati bhāvitā,
sandiṭṭhikam ato jaññā ānisaṃsam imaṃ idha.

Phalasamāpattikathā

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Ariyaphala-rasânubhavanan ti na kevalañ ca kilesa-viddhaṃsanañ ñeva, ariyaphala-rasânubhavanam pi paññābhāvanāya ānisaṃso. Ariyaphalan ti hi sotāpattiphalâdi-sāmaññaphalaṃ vuccati. Tassa dvīh’ākārehi rasânubhavanaṃ hoti: maggavīthiyañ ca phalasamāpatti-vasena ca pavattiyaṃ. Tatrâssa maggavīthiyaṃ pavatti dassitā yeva (XXII.15-17).

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Api ca ye “saṃyojana-ppahāna-mattam eva phalaṃ nāma, na koci añño dhammo atthī” ti vadanti, tesaṃ anunayatthaṃ idaṃ suttam pi dassetabbaṃ:

“Kathaṃ payoga-paṭippassaddhi-paññā phale ñāṇaṃ? Sotāpatti-maggakkhaṇe dassanaṭṭhena sammādiṭṭhi micchādiṭṭhiyā vuṭṭhāti, tadanuvattaka-kilesehi ca khandhehi ca vuṭṭhāti, bahiddhā ca sabba-nimittehi vuṭṭhāti, tam-payoga-paṭippassaddhattā uppajjati sammādiṭṭhi, maggass’etaṃ phalan” ti (paṭi. ma. 1.63)

vitthāretabbaṃ.

“Cattāro maggā apariyāpannā, cattāri ca sāmaññaphalāni, ime dhammā appamāṇârammaṇā” (dha. sa. 1422)

“Mahaggato dhammo appamāṇassa dhammassa anantara-paccayena paccayo” ti (paṭṭhā. 2.12.62)

evamādīni pi c’ettha sādhakāni.

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Phalasamāpattiyaṃ pavatti-dassanatthaṃ pan’assa idaṃ pañhākammaṃ:

• Kā phalasamāpatti?
• Ke taṃ samāpajjanti, ke na samāpajjanti?
• Kasmā samāpajjanti?
• Kathañ c’assā samāpajjanaṃ hoti?
• Kathaṃ ṭhānaṃ?
• Kathaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ?
• Kiṃ phalassa anantaraṃ, kassa ca phalaṃ anantaran ti?

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Tattha kā phalasamāpattī ti yā ariyaphalassa nirodhe appanā.

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Ke taṃ samāpajjanti, ke na samāpajjantī ti sabbe pi puthujjanā na samāpajjanti. Kasmā? Anadhigatattā. Ariyā pana sabbe pi samāpajjanti. Kasmā? Adhigatattā. Uparimā pana heṭṭhimaṃ na samāpajjanti, puggalantara-bhāvupagamanena paṭippassaddhattā, heṭṭhimā ca uparimaṃ, anadhigatattā. Attano attano yeva pana phalaṃ samāpajjantī ti idam ettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ.

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Keci pana “sotāpanna-sakadāgāmino pi na samāpajjanti, uparimā dve yeva samāpajjantī” ti vadanti. Idañ ca tesaṃ kāraṇaṃ: ete hi samādhismiṃ paripūrakārino ti. Taṃ puthujjanassâpi attanā paṭiladdha-lokiyasamādhi-samāpajjanato akāraṇam eva. Kiñ c’ettha kāraṇâkāraṇa-cintāya? Na nu pāḷiyaṃ yeva vuttaṃ:

“Katame dasa gotrabhu-dhammā vipassanā-vasena uppajjanti? Sotāpattimagga-paṭilābhatthāya uppādaṃ pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāsaṃ bahiddhā saṅkhāra-nimittaṃ abhibhuyyatī ti gotrabhu. Sotāpattiphala-samāpattatthāya… Sakadāgāmimaggaṃ…pe… Arahattaphala-samāpattatthāya… Suññatavihāra-samāpattatthāya… Animittavihāra-samāpattatthāya uppādaṃ…pe… bahiddhā saṅkhāra-nimittaṃ abhibhuyyatī ti gotrabhū” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.60)

Tasmā sabbe pi ariyā attano attano phalaṃ samāpajjantī ti niṭṭham ettha gantabbaṃ.

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Kasmā samāpajjantī ti diṭṭhadhamma-sukhavihāratthaṃ. Yathā hi rājā rajjasukhaṃ, devatā dibbasukhaṃ anubhavanti, evaṃ ariyā “ariyaṃ lokuttarasukhaṃ anubhavissāmā” ti addhāna-pparicchedaṃ katvā icchiticchita-kkhaṇe phalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjanti.

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Kathañ c’assā samāpajjanaṃ hoti, kathaṃ ṭhānaṃ, kathaṃ vuṭṭhānan ti dvīhi tāva ākārehi assā samāpajjanaṃ hoti: nibbānato aññassa ārammaṇassa amanasikārā, nibbānassa ca manasikārā. Yath’āha:

“Dve kho, āvuso, paccayā animittāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā: sabbanimittānañ ca amanasikāro, animittāya ca dhātuyā manasikāro” ti. (ma. ni. 1.458)

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Ayam pan’ettha samāpajjanakkamo. Phalasamāpattatthikena hi ariyasāvakena rahogatena paṭisallīnena udayabbayâdi-vasena saṅkhārā vipassitabbā. Tassa pavattânupubba-vipassanassa saṅkhārârammaṇa-gotrabhuñāṇânantarā¹ phalasamāpatti-vasena nirodhe cittaṃ appeti. Phalasamāpatti-ninnatāya c’ettha sekkhassâpi phalam eva uppajjati, na maggo.

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Ye pana vadanti “sotāpanno ‘phalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjissāmī’ ti vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā sakadāgāmī hoti, sakadāgāmī ca anāgāmī” ti, te vattabbā “evaṃ sati anāgāmī arahā bhavissati, arahā paccekabuddho, paccekabuddho ca Buddho, tasmā na kiñci etaṃ, pāḷivasen’eva ca paṭikkhittan” ti pi na gahetabbaṃ. Idam eva pana gahetabbaṃ: sekkhassâpi phalam eva uppajjati, na maggo, phalañ c’assa sace anena paṭhama-jjhāniko maggo adhigato hoti, paṭhama-jjhānikam eva uppajjati, sace dutiyâdīsu aññatara-jjhāniko, dutiyâdīsu aññatara-jjhānikam evā ti. Evaṃ tāv’assā samāpajjanaṃ hoti.

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“Tayo kho, āvuso, paccayā animittāya cetovimuttiyā ṭhitiyā: sabbanimittānañ ca amanasikāro, animittāya ca dhātuyā manasikāro, pubbe ca abhisaṅkhāro” ti (ma. ni. 1.458)

vacanato pan’assā tīh’ākārehi ṭhānaṃ hoti. Tattha pubbe ca abhisaṅkhāro ti samāpattito pubbe kālaparicchedo. “Asukasmiṃ nāma kāle vuṭṭhahissāmī” ti paricchinnattā hi’ssā yāva so kālo nâgacchati, tāva ṭhānaṃ hoti. Evam assā ṭhānaṃ hotī ti.

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“Dve kho, āvuso, paccayā animittāya cetovimuttiyā vuṭṭhānāya: sabbanimittānañ ca manasikāro, animittāya ca dhātuyā amanasikāro” ti (ma. ni. 1.458)

vacanato pan’assā dvīh’ākārehi vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Tattha sabbanimittānan ti rūpanimitta-vedanā-saññā-saṅkhāra-viññāṇanimittānaṃ. Kāmañ ca na sabbān’ev’etāni ekato manasikaroti, sabbasaṅgāhikavasena pan’etaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmā yaṃ bhavaṅgassa ārammaṇaṃ hoti, taṃ manasikaroto phalasamāpatti-vuṭṭhānaṃ hotī ti. Evam assā vuṭṭhānaṃ veditabbaṃ.

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Kiṃ phalassa anantaraṃ, kassa ca phalaṃ anantaran ti phalassa tāva phalam eva vā anantaraṃ hoti, bhavaṅgaṃ vā. Phalaṃ pana atthi maggânantaraṃ, atthi phalânantaraṃ, atthi gotrabhu-anantaraṃ, atthi nevasaññanâsaññâyatanânantaraṃ. Tattha maggavīthiyaṃ maggânantaraṃ. Purimassa purimassa pacchimaṃ pacchimaṃ phalânantaraṃ. Phalasamāpattīsu purimaṃ purimaṃ gotrabhu-anantaraṃ, — gotrabhū ti c’ettha anulomaṃ veditabbaṃ. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Paṭṭhāne:

“Arahato anulomaṃ phalasamāpattiyā anantarapaccayena paccayo.

Sekkhānaṃ anulomaṃ phalasamāpattiyā anantarapaccayena paccayo” ti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.417)

Yena phalena nirodhā vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, taṃ nevasaññanâsaññâyatanânantaran ti.

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Tattha ṭhapetvā maggavīthiyaṃ uppannaṃ phalaṃ, avasesaṃ sabbaṃ phalasamāpatti-vasena pavattaṃ nāma. Evam etaṃ maggavīthiyaṃ phalasamāpattiyaṃ vā uppajjanavasena,

Paṭippassaddha-darathaṃ amatârammaṇaṃ subhaṃ
vantalokâmisaṃ santaṃ sāmaññaphalam uttamaṃ,

Ojavantena sucinā sukhena abhisanditaṃ,
yena sātâtisātena amatena madhuṃ viya,

Taṃ sukhaṃ tassa ariyassa rasabhūtam anuttaraṃ,
phalassa paññaṃ bhāvetvā yasmā vindati paṇḍito,

Tasmā ariyaphalass’etaṃ rasânubhavanaṃ idha,
vipassanā-bhāvanāya ānisaṃso ti vuccati.

Nirodhasamāpattikathā

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Nirodhasamāpatti-samāpajjana-samatthatā ti na kevalañ ca ariyaphala-rasânubhavanaṃ yeva, ayaṃ pana nirodhasamāpattiyā samāpajjana-samatthatā pi imissā paññābhāvanāya ānisaṃso ti veditabbo.

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Tatr’idaṃ nirodhasamāpattiyā vibhāvanatthaṃ pañhākammaṃ:

• Kā nirodhasamāpatti?
• Ke taṃ samāpajjanti, ke na samāpajjanti?
• Kattha samāpajjanti?
• Kasmā samāpajjanti?
• Kathañ c’assā samāpajjanaṃ hoti?
• Kathaṃ ṭhānaṃ?
• Kathaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ?
• Vuṭṭhitassa kiṃninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti?
• Matassa ca samāpannassa ca ko viseso?
• Nirodhasamāpatti kiṃ saṅkhatā asaṅkhatā, lokiyā lokuttarā, nipphannā anipphannā ti?

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Tattha kā nirodhasamāpattī ti yā anupubba-nirodhavasena cittacetasikānaṃ dhammānaṃ appavatti. Ke taṃ samāpajjanti, ke na samāpajjantī ti sabbe pi puthujjanā, sotāpannā, sakadāgāmino, sukkhavipassakā ca anāgāmino arahanto na samāpajjanti. Aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino pana anāgāmino khīṇāsavā ca samāpajjanti.

“Dvīhi balehi samannāgatattā, tayo ca saṅkhārānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā, soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhi, navahi samādhicariyāhi vasībhāvatā paññā nirodhasamāpattiyā ñāṇan” ti (paṭi. ma. mātikā 1.34)

hi vuttaṃ, ayañ ca sampadā ṭhapetvā aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino anāgāmi-khīṇāsave aññesaṃ natthi, tasmā te yeva samāpajjanti, na aññe.

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Katamāni pan’ettha dve balāni…pe… katamā vasībhāvatā ti? Na ettha kiñci amhehi vattabbaṃ atthi, sabbam idaṃ etassa uddesassa niddese vuttam eva.

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Yath’āha:

“Dvīhi balehī ti dve balāni: samathabalaṃ vipassanābalaṃ. Katamaṃ samathabalaṃ? Nekkhammavasena cittassa ekaggatā avikkhepo samathabalaṃ, abyāpādavasena… ālokasaññāvasena… avikkhepavasena…pe… paṭinissaggânupassi assāsavasena… paṭinissaggânupassi passāsavasena cittassa ekaggatā avikkhepo samathabalan ti.

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“Ken’aṭṭhena samathabalaṃ? Paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇe na kampatī ti samathabalaṃ, dutiyajjhānena vitakkavicāre…pe… nevasaññanâsaññâyatana-samāpattiyā ākiñcaññâyatana-saññāya na kampatī ti samathabalaṃ, uddhacce ca uddhacca-sahagata-kilese ca khandhe ca na kampati na calati na vedhatī ti samathabalaṃ. Idaṃ samathabalaṃ.

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“Katamaṃ vipassanābalaṃ? Aniccânupassanā vipassanābalaṃ, dukkhânupassanā… anattânupassanā… nibbidânupassanā… virāgânupassanā… nirodhânupassanā… paṭinissaggânupassanā vipassanābalaṃ. Rūpe aniccânupassanā… rūpe paṭinissaggânupassanā vipassanābalaṃ, vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu… viññāṇe… cakkhusmiṃ… jarāmaraṇe aniccânupassanā… jarāmaraṇe paṭinissaggânupassanā vipassanābalan ti.

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“Ken’aṭṭhena vipassanābalaṃ? Aniccânupassanāya niccasaññāya na kampatī ti vipassanābalaṃ, dukkhânupassanāya sukhasaññāya na kampatī ti… anattânupassanāya attasaññāya na kampatī ti… nibbidânupassanāya nandiyā na kampatī ti… virāgânupassanāya rāge na kampatī ti… nirodhânupassanāya samudaye na kampatī ti… paṭinissaggânupassanāya ādāne na kampatī ti vipassanābalaṃ, avijjāya ca avijjāsahagata-kilese ca khandhe ca na kampati na calati na vedhatī ti vipassanābalaṃ. Idaṃ vipassanābalaṃ.

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“Tayo ca saṅkhārānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā ti katamesaṃ tiṇṇannaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā? Dutiyajjhānaṃ samāpannassa vitakka-vicārā vacīsaṅkhārā paṭippassaddhā honti, catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa assāsapassāsā kāyasaṅkhārā paṭippassaddhā honti, saññā-vedayita-nirodhaṃ samāpannassa saññā ca vedanā ca cittasaṅkhārā paṭippassaddhā honti. Imesaṃ tiṇṇannaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā.

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“Soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhī ti katamāhi soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhi? Aniccânupassanā ñāṇacariyā, dukkhâ… anattâ… nibbidâ… virāgâ… nirodhâ… paṭinissaggâ… vivaṭṭânupassanā ñāṇacariyā, sotāpattimaggo ñāṇacariyā, sotāpattiphala-samāpatti ñāṇacariyā, sakadāgāmimaggo…pe… arahattaphala-samāpatti ñāṇacariyā. Imāhi soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhi.

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“Navahi samādhicariyāhī ti katamāhi navahi samādhicariyāhi? Paṭhamajjhānaṃ samādhicariyā, dutiyajjhānaṃ…pe… nevasaññanâsaññâyatana-samāpatti samādhicariyā, paṭhamajjhāna-paṭilābhatthāya vitakko ca vicāro ca pīti ca sukhañ ca cittekaggatā ca…pe… nevasaññanâsaññâyatana-samāpattiṃ paṭilābhatthāya vitakko ca vicāro ca pīti ca sukhañ ca cittekaggatā ca. Imāhi navahi samādhicariyāhi.

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“Vasī ti pañca vasiyo: āvajjanavasī, samāpajjanavasī, adhiṭṭhānavasī, vuṭṭhānavasī, paccavekkhaṇavasī. Paṭhamajjhānaṃ yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ āvajjati, āvajjanāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthī ti āvajjanavasī. Paṭhamajjhānaṃ yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ samāpajjati, samāpajjanāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthī ti samāpajjanavasī… adhiṭṭhāti adhiṭṭhāne… vuṭṭhāti vuṭṭhāne… paccavekkhati paccavekkhaṇāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthī ti paccavekkhaṇavasī. Dutiyaṃ…pe… Nevasaññanâsaññâyatana-samāpattiṃ yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ āvajjati …pe… paccavekkhati, paccavekkhaṇāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthī ti paccavekkhaṇavasī. Imā pañca vasiyo” ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.83)

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Ettha ca “soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhī” ti ukkaṭṭha-niddeso esa. Anāgāmino pana cuddasahi ñāṇacariyāhi hoti. Yadi evaṃ sakadāgāmino dvādasahi, sotāpannassa ca dasahi kiṃ na hotī ti? Na hoti, samādhi-pāribandhikassa² pañcakāmaguṇika-rāgassa appahīnattā. Tesaṃ hi so appahīno, tasmā samathabalaṃ na paripuṇṇaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ aparipūre dvīhi balehi samāpajjitabbaṃ nirodha-samāpattiṃ balavekallena samāpajjituṃ na sakkonti, anāgāmissa pana so pahīno, tasmā esa paripuṇṇabalo hoti, paripuṇṇabalattā sakkoti. Ten’āha Bhagavā:

“Nirodhā vuṭṭhahantassa nevasaññanâsaññâyatana-kusalaṃ phalasamāpattiyā anantarapaccayena paccayo” ti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.417)

Idañ hi Paṭṭhāne mahāpakaraṇe anāgāmino va nirodhā vuṭṭhānaṃ sandhāya vuttan ti.

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Kattha samāpajjantī ti pañcavokārabhave. Kasmā? Anupubba-samāpatti-sabbhāvato. Catuvokārabhave pana paṭhamajjhānâdīnaṃ uppatti natthi, tasmā na sakkā tattha samāpajjitun ti. Keci pana “vatthussa abhāvā” ti vadanti.

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Kasmā samāpajjantī ti saṅkhārānaṃ pavattibhede ukkaṇṭhitvā “diṭṭhe va dhamme acittakā hutvā nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmā” ti samāpajjanti.

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Kathañ c’assā samāpajjanaṃ hotī ti samatha-vipassanā-vasena ussakkitvā kata-pubbakiccassa nevasaññanâsaññâyatanaṃ nirodhayato, evam assa samāpajjanaṃ hoti. Yo hi samathavasen’eva ussakkati, so nevasaññanâsaññâyatana-samāpattiṃ patvā tiṭṭhati, yo pana vipassanāvasen’eva ussakkati, so phalasamāpattiṃ patvā tiṭṭhati, yo pana ubhayavasen’eva ussakkitvā pubbakiccaṃ katvā nevasaññanâsaññâyatanaṃ nirodheti, so taṃ samāpajjatī ti. Ayam ettha saṅkhepo.

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Ayaṃ pana vitthāro. Idha bhikkhu nirodhaṃ samāpajjitukāmo kata-bhattakicco sudhota-hatthapādo vivitte okāse supaññattamhi āsane nisīdati, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā, so paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya tattha saṅkhāre aniccato dukkhato anattato vipassati.

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Vipassanā pan’esā tividhā hoti: saṅkhāra-parigaṇhanaka-vipassanā, phalasamāpatti-vipassanā, nirodhasamāpatti-vipassanā ti. Tattha saṅkhāra-parigaṇhanaka-vipassanā mandā vā hotu tikkhā vā, maggassa padaṭṭhānaṃ hoti yeva. Phalasamāpatti-vipassanā tikkhā va vaṭṭati, maggabhāvanā-sadisā. Nirodhasamāpatti-vipassanā pana nâtimanda-nâtitikkhā vaṭṭati. Tasmā esa nâtimandāya nâtitikkhāya vipassanāya te saṅkhāre vipassati.

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Tato dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya tattha saṅkhāre tath’eva vipassati. Tato tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tato viññāṇañcâyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya tattha saṅkhāre tath’eva vipassati. Tathā³ ākiñcaññâyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya catubbidhaṃ pubbakiccaṃ karoti:

• nānâbaddha-avikopanaṃ,
• saṅgha-paṭimānanaṃ,
• Satthu-pakkosanaṃ,
• addhāna-paricchedan ti.

CST875

35

Tattha nānâbaddha-avikopanan ti yaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekâbaddhaṃ na hoti, nānâbaddhaṃ hutvā ṭhitaṃ pattacīvaraṃ vā mañcapīṭhaṃ vā nivāsagehaṃ vā aññaṃ vā pana kiñci parikkhārajātaṃ, taṃ yathā na vikuppati, aggi-udaka-vāta-cora-undūrâdīnaṃ vasena na vinassati, evaṃ adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ.

Tatr’idaṃ adhiṭṭhānavidhānaṃ “idañ ca idañ ca imasmiṃ sattâhabbhantare mā agginā jhāyatu, mā udakena vuyhatu, mā vātena viddhaṃsatu, mā corehi hariyatu, mā undūrâdīhi khajjatū” ti. Evaṃ adhiṭṭhite taṃ sattâhaṃ tassa na koci parissayo hoti.

36

Anadhiṭṭhahato pana aggi-ādīhi vinassati, Mahānāgattherassa viya. Thero kira mātu-upāsikāya gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Upāsikā yāguṃ datvā āsana-sālāya nisīdāpesi. Thero nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdi. Tasmiṃ nisinne āsana-sālāya agginā gahitāya sesabhikkhū attano attano nisinnâsanaṃ gahetvā palāyiṃsu, gāmavāsikā sannipatitvā theraṃ disvā “alasa-samaṇo” ti āhaṃsu. Aggi tiṇa-veṇu-kaṭṭhāni jhāpetvā theraṃ parikkhipitvā aṭṭhāsi. Manussā ghaṭehi udakaṃ āharitvā nibbāpetvā chārikaṃ apanetvā paribhaṇḍaṃ katvā pupphāni vikiritvā namassamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Thero paricchinna-kāla-vasena vuṭṭhāya te disvā “pākaṭo’mhi jāto” ti vehāsaṃ uppatitvā Piyaṅgudīpaṃ agamāsi. Idaṃ nānâbaddha-avikopanaṃ nāma.

37

Yaṃ ekâbaddhaṃ hoti nivāsana-pāvuraṇaṃ vā nisinnâsanaṃ vā, tattha visuṃ adhiṭṭhānakiccaṃ natthi, samāpattivasen’eva naṃ rakkhati, āyasmato Sañjīvassa viya. Vuttam pi c’etaṃ:

“Āyasmato Sañjīvassa samādhi-vipphārā iddhi, āyasmato Sāriputtassa samādhi-vipphārā iddhī” ti. (XII.32 and 31)

CST876

38

Saṅgha-paṭimānanan ti saṅghassa paṭimānanaṃ udikkhanaṃ, yāva eso bhikkhu ⁴ āgacchati tāva saṅghakammassa akaraṇan ti attho. Ettha ca na paṭimānanaṃ etassa pubbakiccaṃ, paṭimānanâvajjanaṃ pana pubbakiccaṃ, tasmā evaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ “sace mayi sattâhaṃ nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisinne saṅgho uttikammâdīsu⁵ kiñcid eva kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, yāva maṃ koci bhikkhu āgantvā na pakkosati tāvad eva vuṭṭhahissāmī” ti. Evaṃ katvā samāpanno hi tasmiṃ samaye vuṭṭhāti yeva.

39

Yo pana evaṃ na karoti, saṅgho ca sannipatitvā taṃ apassanto “asuko bhikkhu kuhin” ti “nirodhasamāpanno” ti vutte, saṅgho kañci bhikkhuṃ peseti “gaccha naṃ saṅghassa vacanena pakkosāhī” ti. Ath’assa tena bhikkhunā savanûpacāre ṭhatvā “saṅgho taṃ āvuso paṭimānetī” ti vuttamatte va vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Evaṃ garukā hi saṅghassa āṇā nāma, tasmā taṃ āvajjitvā yathā sayam eva vuṭṭhāti, evaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ.

CST877

40

Satthu-pakkosanan ti idhâpi Satthu-pakkosanâvajjanam eva imassa kiccaṃ. Tasmā tam pi evaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ “sace mayi sattâhaṃ nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisinne Satthā otiṇṇa-vatthusmiṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vā paññapeti, tathārūpāya vā atthuppattiyā dhammaṃ deseti, yāva maṃ koci āgantvā na pakkosati tāvad eva vuṭṭhahissāmī” ti. Evaṃ katvā nisinno hi tasmiṃ samaye vuṭṭhāti yeva.

41

Yo pana evaṃ na karoti, Satthā ca saṅghe sannipatite taṃ apassanto “asuko bhikkhu kuhin” ti “nirodhasamāpanno” ti vutte, kañci bhikkhuṃ peseti “gaccha naṃ mama vacanena pakkosā” ti. Ath’assa tena bhikkhunā savanûpacāre ṭhatvā “Satthā āyasmantaṃ āmantetī” ti vuttamatte va vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Evaṃ garukaṃ hi Satthu-pakkosanaṃ, tasmā taṃ āvajjitvā yathā sayam eva vuṭṭhāti, evaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ.

CST878

42

Addhāna-paricchedo ti jīvitaddhānassa paricchedo. Iminā bhikkhunā addhāna-paricchede sukusalena bhavitabbaṃ “attano āyusaṅkhārā sattâhaṃ pavattissanti na pavattissantī” ti āvajjitvā va samāpajjitabbaṃ. Sace hi sattâhabbhantare nirujjhanake āyusaṅkhāre anāvajjitvā va samāpajjati, nâssa nirodhasamāpatti maraṇaṃ paṭibāhituṃ sakkoti, antonirodhe maraṇassa natthitāya antarā va samāpattito vuṭṭhāti. Tasmā etaṃ āvajjitvā va samāpajjitabbaṃ. Avasesaṃ hi anāvajjitum pi vaṭṭati, idaṃ pana āvajjitabbam evā ti vuttaṃ.

CST879

43

So evaṃ ākiñcaññâyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya imaṃ pubbakiccaṃ katvā nevasaññanâsaññâyatanaṃ samāpajjati. Ath’ekaṃ vā dve vā cittavāre atikkamitvā acittako hoti, nirodhaṃ phusati. Kasmā pan’assa dvinnaṃ cittānaṃ upari cittāni na pavattantī ti? Nirodhassa payogattā. Idañ hi imassa bhikkhuno dve samatha-vipassanā-dhamme yuganaddhe katvā aṭṭha samāpatti-ārohanaṃ anupubba-nirodhassa payogo, na nevasaññanâsaññâyatana-samāpattiyā ti nirodhassa payogattā dvinnaṃ cittānaṃ upari na pavattanti.

44

Yo pana bhikkhu ākiñcaññâyatanato vuṭṭhāya idaṃ pubbakiccaṃ akatvā nevasaññanâsaññâyatanaṃ samāpajjati, so parato acittako bhavituṃ na sakkoti, paṭinivattitvā puna ākiñcaññâyatane yeva patiṭṭhāti.

45

Maggaṃ agatapubba-purisûpamā c’ettha vattabbā. Eko kira puriso ekaṃ maggaṃ agatapubbo antarā udaka-kandaraṃ vā gambhīraṃ udaka-cikkhallaṃ atikkamitvā ṭhapitaṃ caṇḍâtapa-santatta-pāsāṇaṃ vā āgamma taṃ nivāsana-pāvuraṇaṃ asaṇṭhapetvā va kandaraṃ orūḷho parikkhāra-temana-bhayena punad eva tīre patiṭṭhāti, pāsāṇaṃ akkamitvā pi santattapādo punad eva orabhāge patiṭṭhāti.

46

Tattha yathā so puriso asaṇṭhapita-nivāsana-pāvuraṇattā kandaraṃ otiṇṇamatto va, tatta-pāsāṇaṃ akkantamatto eva ca paṭinivattitvā orato va patiṭṭhāti, evaṃ yogâvacaro pi pubbakiccassa akatattā nevasaññanâsaññâyatanaṃ samāpannamatto va paṭinivattitvā ākiñcaññâyatane patiṭṭhāti.

47

Yathā pana pubbe pi taṃ maggaṃ gatapubba-puriso taṃ ṭhānaṃ āgamma ekaṃ sāṭakaṃ daḷhaṃ nivāsetvā aparaṃ hatthena gahetvā kandaraṃ uttaritvā, tatta-pāsāṇaṃ vā akkanta-mattakam eva karitvā parato gacchati, evam evaṃ kata-pubbakicco bhikkhu nevasaññanâsaññâyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā va parato acittako hutvā nirodhaṃ phusitvā viharati.

CST880

48

Kathaṃ ṭhānan ti evaṃ samāpannāya pan’assā kālapariccheda-vasena c’eva antarā āyukkhaya-saṅghapaṭimānana-Satthupakkosanâbhāvena ca ṭhānaṃ hoti.

CST881

49

Kathaṃ vuṭṭhānan ti anāgāmissa anāgāmiphaluppattiyā, arahato arahattaphaluppattiyā ti evaṃ dvedhā vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti.

CST882

50

Vuṭṭhitassa kiṃninnaṃ cittaṃ hotī ti nibbāna-ninnaṃ. Vuttaṃ h’etaṃ:

“Saññāvedayita-nirodha-samāpattiyā vuṭṭhitassa kho, āvuso Visākha, bhikkhuno vivekaninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti vivekapoṇaṃ vivekapabbhāran” ti. (ma. ni. 1.464)

CST883

51

Matassa ca samāpannassa ca ko viseso ti ayam pi attho sutte vutto yeva. Yath’āha:

“Yvâyaṃ, āvuso, mato kālaṅkato, tassa kāyasaṅkhārā niruddhā paṭippassaddhā, vacīsaṅkhārā… cittasaṅkhārā niruddhā paṭippassaddhā, āyu parikkhīṇo, usmā vūpasantā, indriyāni paribhinnāni.

Yo cāyaṃ bhikkhu saññāvedayita-nirodhaṃ samāpanno, tassa pi kāyasaṅkhārā niruddhā paṭippassaddhā, vacīsaṅkhārā… cittasaṅkhārā niruddhā paṭippassaddhā, āyu aparikkhīṇo, usmā avūpasantā, indriyāni aparibhinnānī” ti. (ma. ni. 1.457)

CST884

52

Nirodhasamāpatti saṅkhatā ti ādi pucchāyaṃ pana, saṅkhatā ti pi asaṅkhatā ti pi lokiyā ti pi lokuttarā ti pi na vattabbā. Kasmā? Sabhāvato natthitāya. Yasmā pan’assā⁶ samāpajjantassa vasena samāpannā nāma hoti, tasmā nipphannā ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati, no anipphannā.

Iti santaṃ samāpattiṃ imaṃ ariyanisevitaṃ,
diṭṭhe va dhamme nibbānam iti saṅkhaṃ upāgataṃ
bhāvetvā ariyaṃ paññaṃ samāpajjanti paṇḍitā

Yasmā, tasmā imissā pi samāpattisamatthatā
ariyamaggesu paññāya ānisaṃso ti vuccatī ti.

Āhuneyyabhāvādisiddhikathā

CST885

53

Āhuneyyabhāvâdi-siddhī ti na kevalañ ca nirodhasamāpattiyā samāpajjana-samatthatā va, ayaṃ pana āhuneyyabhāvâdi-siddhi pi imissā lokuttara-paññā-bhāvanāya ānisaṃso ti veditabbo.

54

Avisesena hi catubbidhāya pi etissā bhāvitattā bhāvitapañño puggalo sadevakassa lokassa āhuneyyo hoti pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalīkaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa.

CST886

55

Visesato pan’ettha paṭhama-maggapaññaṃ tāva bhāvetvā mandāya vipassanāya āgato mudindriyo pi sattakkhattuparamo nāma hoti, satta-sugatibhave saṃsaritvā dukkhass’antaṃ karoti. Majjhimāya vipassanāya āgato majjhimindriyo kolaṃkolo nāma hoti, dve vā tīṇi vā kulāni sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhass’antaṃ karoti. Tikkhāya vipassanāya āgato tikkhindriyo ekabījī nāma hoti, ekañ ñeva mānusakaṃ bhavaṃ nibbattetvā dukkhass’antaṃ karoti.

CST887

Dutiya-maggapaññaṃ bhāvetvā sakadāgāmī nāma hoti, sakid eva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhass’antaṃ karoti.

CST888

Tatiya-maggapaññaṃ bhāvetvā anāgāmī nāma hoti.

56

So indriya-vemattatā-vasena antarā-parinibbāyī, upahacca-parinibbāyī, asaṅkhāra-parinibbāyī, sasaṅkhāra-parinibbāyī, uddhaṃsoto Akaniṭṭhagāmī ti pañcadhā-idha-vihāya-niṭṭho hoti.

57

Tattha antarā-parinibbāyī ti yattha katthaci Suddhâvāsabhave upapajjitvā āyuvemajjhaṃ appatvā va parinibbāyati. Upahacca-parinibbāyī ti āyuvemajjhaṃ atikkamitvā parinibbāyati. Asaṅkhāra-parinibbāyī ti asaṅkhārena appayogena uparimaggaṃ nibbatteti. Sasaṅkhāra-parinibbāyī ti sasaṅkhārena sappayogena uparimaggaṃ nibbatteti. Uddhaṃsoto Akaniṭṭhagāmī ti yatth’upapanno, tato uddhaṃ yāva Akaniṭṭhabhavā āruyha tattha parinibbāyati.

CST889

58

Catuttha-maggapaññaṃ bhāvetvā koci saddhāvimutto hoti, koci paññāvimutto hoti, koci ubhatobhāgavimutto hoti, koci tevijjo, koci chaḷabhiñño, koci paṭisambhidappabhedappatto mahākhīṇāsavo. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ:

“Maggakkhaṇe pan’esa taṃ jaṭaṃ vijaṭeti nāma, phalakkhaṇe vijaṭitajaṭo sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhiṇeyyo hotī” ti. (I.7)

59

Evaṃ anekânisaṃsā ariyapaññāya bhāvanā
yasmā, tasmā kareyyātha ratiṃ tattha vicakkhaṇo.

CST890

60

Ettāvatā ca,

Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañ ca bhāvayaṃ,
ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan ti

imissā gāthāya sīla-samādhi-paññā-mukhena desite Visuddhimagge sânisaṃsā paññābhāvanā paridīpitā hotī ti.

Nigamanakathā

CST891

Ettāvatā ca,

“Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañ ca bhāvayaṃ,
ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan” ti.

imaṃ gāthaṃ nikkhipitvā yad avocumha,

“Imissā dāni gāthāya kathitāya mahesinā
vaṇṇayanto yathābhūtaṃ atthaṃ sīlâdibhedanaṃ,

Sudullabhaṃ labhitvāna pabbajjaṃ Jinasāsane
sīlâdi-saṅgahaṃ khemaṃ ujuṃ maggaṃ visuddhiyā

Yathābhūtaṃ ajānantā, suddhikāmā pi ye idha
visuddhiṃ nâdhigacchanti vāyamantā pi yogino,

Tesaṃ pāmojjakaraṇaṃ suvisuddha-vinicchayaṃ
Mahāvihāra-vāsīnaṃ desanānaya-nissitaṃ

Visuddhimaggaṃ bhāsissaṃ, taṃ me sakkacca bhāsato
visuddhikāmā sabbe pi nisāmayatha sādhavo” ti

svâyaṃ bhāsito hoti.

CST892

Tattha ca,

Tesaṃ sīlâdi-bhedānaṃ atthānaṃ yo vinicchayo
pañcannam pi Nikāyānaṃ vutto Aṭṭhakathānaye,

Samāharitvā taṃ sabbaṃ yebhuyyena sanicchayo
sabbasaṅkara-dosehi mutto yasmā pakāsito,

Tasmā visuddhikāmehi suddhapaññehi yogihi
Visuddhimagge etasmiṃ karaṇīyo va ādaro ti.

CST893

Vibhajjavādi-seṭṭhānaṃ theriyānaṃ yasassinaṃ
Mahāvihāra-vāsīnaṃ vaṃsajassa vibhāvino

Bhadanta-Saṅghapālassa suci-sallekha-vuttino
Vinayâcāra-yuttassa yuttassa paṭipattiyaṃ

Khanti-soracca-mettâdi-guṇa-bhūsita-cetaso
ajjhesanaṃ gahetvāna karontena imaṃ mayā

Saddhammaṭṭhiti-kāmena yo patto puññasañcayo,
tassa tejena sabbe pi sukham edhantu pāṇino.

CST894

Visuddhimaggo eso ca antarāyaṃ vinā idha
niṭṭhito aṭṭhapaññāsa-bhāṇavārāya pāḷiyā

Yathā, tath’eva lokassa sabbe kalyāṇanissitā
anantarāyā ijjhantu sīghaṃ sīghaṃ manorathā ti.

CST895

Parama-visuddha-saddhā-buddhi-vīriya-paṭimaṇḍitena sīlâcārajjava-maddavâdiguṇa-samudaya-samuditena sakasamaya-samayantara-gahanajjhogāhaṇa-samatthena paññā-veyyattiya-samannāgatena Tipiṭaka-pariyatti-bhede sâṭṭhakathe Satthusāsane appaṭihata-ñāṇa-ppabhāvena mahāveyyākaraṇena karaṇasampattijanita-sukhaviniggata-madhurodāra-vacanalāvaṇṇayuttena yuttamuttavādinā vādīvarena mahākavinā chaḷabhiññā-paṭisambhidâdi-bhedaguṇa-paṭimaṇḍite uttarimanussadhamme appaṭihata-buddhīnaṃ theravaṃsa-ppadīpānaṃ therānaṃ Mahāvihāra-vāsīnaṃ vaṃsâlaṅkāra-bhūtena vipula-visuddha-buddhinā Buddhaghoso ti garūhi gahita-nāmadheyyena therena Mudanta-khedaka⁷-vattabbena kato Visuddhimaggo nāma.

CST896

Tāva tiṭṭhatu lokasmiṃ lokanittharaṇesinaṃ
dassento kulaputtānaṃ nayaṃ sīlâdi-suddhiyā,

Yāva Buddho ti nāmam pi suddhacittassa tādino
lokamhi lokajeṭṭhassa pavattati Mahesino ti.