慈达学童问义释

Mettagūmāṇavapucchā niddesa ^↗

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Pucchāmi taṃ Bhagavā brūhi metaṃ, (iccāyasmā Mettagū) maññāmi taṃ vedaguṃ bhāvitattaṃ;
Kuto nu dukkhā samudāgatā ime, ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā.

Pucchāmi taṃ Bhagavā brūhi metan ti. Pucchāmī ti tisso pucchā— adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā, diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā, vimaticchedanā pucchā. Katamā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ aññātaṃ hoti adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ. Tassa ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhūtatthāya vibhāvanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā.

Katamā diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ ñātaṃ hoti diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ. Aññehi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā.

Katamā vimaticchedanā pucchā? Pakatiyā saṃsayapakkhando hoti vimatipakkhando dveḷhakajāto— “evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho” ti? So vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati ayaṃ vimaticchedanā pucchā. Imā tisso pucchā.

Aparāpi tisso pucchā— manussapucchā, amanussapucchā, nimmitapucchā. Katamā manussapucchā? Manussā buddhaṃ Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti, bhikkhū pucchanti, bhikkhuniyo pucchanti, upāsakā pucchanti, upāsikāyo pucchanti, rājāno pucchanti khattiyā pucchanti, brāhmaṇā pucchanti, vessā pucchanti, suddā pucchanti, gahaṭṭhā pucchanti, pabbajitā pucchanti ayaṃ manussapucchā.

Katamā amanussapucchā? Amanussā buddhaṃ Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti, nāgā pucchanti, supaṇṇā pucchanti, yakkhā pucchanti, asurā pucchanti, gandhabbā pucchanti, mahārājāno pucchanti, indā pucchanti, brahmā pucchanti, devā pucchanti ayaṃ amanussapucchā.

Katamā nimmitapucchā? Bhagavā rūpaṃ abhinimmināti manomayaṃ sabbaṅgapaccaṅgaṃ ahīnindriyaṃ. So nimmito buddhaṃ Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchati. Bhagavā visajjeti. Ayaṃ nimmitapucchā. Imā tisso pucchā.

Aparāpi tisso pucchā— attatthapucchā, paratthapucchā, ubhayatthapucchā …pe… aparāpi tisso pucchā— diṭṭhadhammikatthapucchā, samparāyikatthapucchā, paramatthapucchā … aparāpi tisso pucchā— anavajjatthapucchā, nikkilesatthapucchā, vodānatthapucchā … aparāpi tisso pucchā— atītapucchā, anāgatapucchā, paccuppannapucchā … aparāpi tisso pucchā— ajjhattapucchā, bahiddhāpucchā, ajjhattabahiddhāpucchā … aparāpi tisso pucchā— kusalapucchā, akusalapucchā, abyākatapucchā … aparāpi tisso pucchā— khandhapucchā, dhātupucchā āyatanapucchā … aparāpi tisso pucchā— satipaṭṭhānapucchā, sammappadhānapucchā, iddhipādapucchā … aparāpi tisso pucchā— indriyapucchā, balapucchā, bojjhaṅgapucchā … aparāpi tisso pucchā— maggapucchā, phalapucchā, nibbānapucchā ….

Pucchāmi tan ti pucchāmi taṃ yācāmi taṃ ajjhesāmi taṃ pasādemi taṃ “kathayassu me” ti pucchāmi taṃ. Bhagavā ti gāravādhivacanametaṃ …pe… sacchikā paññatti yad idaṃ Bhagavā ti. Brūhi metan ti brūhi ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehīti pucchāmi taṃ Bhagavā brūhi metaṃ.

Iccāyasmā Mettagū ti iccāti padasandhi …pe… iccāyasmā Mettagū.

Maññāmi taṃ vedaguṃ bhāvitattan ti. Vedagū ti taṃ maññāmi, bhāvitatto ti taṃ maññāmi, evaṃ jānāmi, evaṃ ājānāmi evaṃ paṭijānāmi evaṃ paṭivijjhāmi. Vedagū bhāvitatto ti kathañca Bhagavā vedagū? Vedo vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ paññā paññindriyaṃ paññābalaṃ …pe… dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo vīmaṃsā vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi. Bhagavā tehi vedehi jātijarāmaraṇassa antagato antappatto koṭigato koṭippatto pariyantagato pariyantappatto vosānagato vosānappatto tāṇagato tāṇappatto leṇagato leṇappatto saraṇagato saraṇappatto abhayagato abhayappatto accutagato accutappatto amatagato amatappatto nibbānagato nibbānappatto. Vedānaṃ vā antagato ti vedagū; vedehi vā antagato ti vedagū; sattannaṃ vā dhammānaṃ viditattā vedagū; sakkāyadiṭṭhi viditā hoti, vicikicchā viditā hoti, sīlabbataparāmāso vidito hoti, rāgo doso moho māno vidito hoti, viditāssa honti pāpakā akusalā dhammā saṅkilesikā ponobhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā.

Vedāni viceyya kevalāni, (sabhiyāti Bhagavā) samaṇānaṃ yānīdhatthi brāhmaṇānaṃ;
Sabbavedanāsu vītarāgo, sabbaṃ vedamaticca vedagū soti

Evaṃ Bhagavā vedagū.

Kathaṃ Bhagavā bhāvitatto? Bhagavā bhāvitakāyo bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapañño bhāvitasatipaṭṭhāno bhāvitasammappadhāno bhāvitaiddhipādo bhāvitaindriyo bhāvitabalo bhāvitabojjhaṅgo bhāvitamaggo, pahīnakileso paṭividdhākuppo sacchikatanirodho. Dukkhaṃ tassa pariññātaṃ, samudayo pahīno, maggo bhāvito, nirodho sacchikato, abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, pariññeyyaṃ pariññātaṃ, pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ, bhāvetabbaṃ bhāvitaṃ, sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikataṃ, aparitto mahanto gambhīro appameyyo duppariyogāḷho bahuratano sāgarūpamo chaḷaṅgupekkhāya samannāgato hoti.

Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano; upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā, ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā, jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā, kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā, manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano; upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno.

Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā manāpaṃ rūpaṃ nābhigijjhati nābhihaṃsati na rāgaṃ janeti. Tassa ṭhito va kāyo hoti, ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ. Cakkhunā kho paneva rūpaṃ disvā amanāpaṃ na maṅku hoti appatiṭṭhitacitto alīnamanaso abyāpannacetaso. Tassa ṭhito va kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā …pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā … jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā … kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā … manasā dhammaṃ viññāya manāpaṃ nābhigijjhati nābhihaṃsati na rāgaṃ janeti. Tassa ṭhito va kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ. Manasāyeva kho pana dhammaṃ viññāya amanāpaṃ na maṅku hoti. Appatiṭṭhitacitto alīnamanaso abyāpannacetaso tassa ṭhito va kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ.

Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā manāpāmanāpesu rūpesu ṭhito va kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā …pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya manāpāmanāpesu dhammesu ṭhito va kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ.

Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā rajanīye na rajjati, dussanīye na dussati, mohanīye na muyhati, kopanīye na kuppati, madanīye na majjati, kilesanīye na kilissati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā …pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya rajanīye na rajjati, dussanīye na dussati, mohanīye na muyhati, kopanīye na kuppati, madanīye na majjati, kilesanīye na kilissati.

Diṭṭhe diṭṭhamatto, sute sutamatto, mute mutamatto, viññāte viññātamatto. Diṭṭhe na limpati, sute na limpati, mute na limpati, viññāte na limpati. Diṭṭhe anūpayo anapāyo anissito appaṭibaddho vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā viharati. Sute …pe… mute … viññāte anūpayo anapāyo anissito appaṭibaddho vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā viharati.

Saṃvijjati Bhagavato cakkhu, passati Bhagavā cakkhunā rūpaṃ, chandarāgo Bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto Bhagavā. Saṃvijjati Bhagavato sotaṃ, suṇāti Bhagavā sotena saddaṃ, chandarāgo Bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto Bhagavā. Saṃvijjati Bhagavato ghānaṃ, ghāyati Bhagavā ghānena gandhaṃ, chandarāgo Bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto Bhagavā. Saṃvijjati Bhagavato jivhā, sāyati Bhagavā jivhāya rasaṃ, chandarāgo Bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto Bhagavā. Saṃvijjati Bhagavato kāyo, phusati Bhagavā kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ, chandarāgo Bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto Bhagavā. Saṃvijjati Bhagavato mano, vijānāti Bhagavā manasā dhammaṃ, chandarāgo Bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto Bhagavā.

Cakkhu rūpārāmaṃ rūparataṃ rūpasammuditaṃ, taṃ Bhagavato dantaṃ guttaṃ rakkhitaṃ saṃvutaṃ; tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti. Sotaṃ saddārāmaṃ saddarataṃ …pe… ghānaṃ gandhārāmaṃ gandharataṃ … jivhā rasārāmā rasaratā rasasammuditā, sā Bhagavato dantā guttā rakkhitā saṃvutā; tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti. Kāyo phoṭṭhabbārāmo phoṭṭhabbarato phoṭṭhabbasammudito … mano dhammārāmo dhammarato dhammasammudito, so Bhagavato danto gutto rakkhito saṃvuto; tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti—

“Dantaṃ nayanti samitiṃ, dantaṃ rājābhirūhati;
Danto seṭṭho manussesu, yotivākyaṃ titikkhati

Varamassatarā dantā, ājānīyā ca sindhavā;
Kuñjarā ca mahānāgā, attadanto tato varaṃ

Na hi etehi yānehi, gaccheyya agataṃ disaṃ;
Yathāttanā sudantena, danto dantena gacchati

Vidhāsu na vikampanti, vippamuttā punabbhavā;
Dantabhūmiṃ anuppattā, te loke vijitāvino

Yassindriyāni bhāvitāni, ajjhattañ ca bahiddhā ca sabbaloke;
Nibbijjha imaṃ parañca lokaṃ, kālaṃ kaṅkhati bhāvito sa danto” ti

Evaṃ Bhagavā bhāvitatto ti maññāmi taṃ vedaguṃ bhāvitattaṃ.

Kuto nu dukkhā samudāgatā ime ti. Kuto nū ti saṃsayapucchā vimatipucchā dveḷhakapucchā anekaṃsapucchā— “evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho” ti kuto nu. Dukkhā ti jātidukkhaṃ, jarādukkhaṃ, byādhidukkhaṃ, maraṇadukkhaṃ, soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ, nerayikaṃ dukkhaṃ, tiracchānayonikaṃ dukkhaṃ, pettivisayikaṃ dukkhaṃ, mānusikaṃ dukkhaṃ, gabbhokkantimūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, gabbhaṭṭhitimūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, gabbhavuṭṭhānamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, jātassūpanibandhakaṃ dukkhaṃ, jātassa parādheyyakaṃ dukkhaṃ, attūpakkamaṃ dukkhaṃ, parūpakkamaṃ dukkhaṃ, dukkhadukkhaṃ, saṅkhāradukkhaṃ, vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ, cakkhurogo sotarogo ghānarogo jivhārogo kāyarogo sīsarogo kaṇṇarogo mukharogo dantarogo kāso sāso pināso ḍāho jaro kucchirogo mucchā pakkhandikā sūlā visūcikā kuṭṭhaṃ gaṇḍo kilāso soso apamāro daddu kaṇḍu kacchu rakhasā vitacchikā lohitapittaṃ madhumeho aṃsā piḷakā bhagandalā pittasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā semhasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā vātasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā sannipātikā ābādhā utupariṇāmajā ābādhā visamaparihārajā ābādhā opakkamikā ābādhā kammavipākajā ābādhā sītaṃ uṇhaṃ jighacchā pipāsā uccāro passāvo ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassaṃ dukkhaṃ, mātumaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, pitumaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, bhātumaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, bhaginimaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, puttamaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, dhītumaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, ñātibyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ, rogabyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ, bhogabyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ, sīlabyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ, diṭṭhibyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ; yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ādito samudāgamanaṃ paññāyati, atthaṅgamato nirodho paññāyati, kammasannissito vipāko, vipākasannissitaṃ kammaṃ, nāmasannissitaṃ rūpaṃ, rūpasannissitaṃ nāmaṃ, jātiyā anugataṃ, jarāya anusaṭaṃ, byādhinā abhibhūtaṃ, maraṇena abbhāhataṃ, dukkhe patiṭṭhitaṃ, atāṇaṃ aleṇaṃ asaraṇaṃ asaraṇībhūtaṃ— ime vuccanti dukkhā. Ime dukkhā kuto samudāgatā kuto jātā kuto sañjātā kuto nibbattā kuto abhinibbattā kuto pātubhūtā kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavāti, imesaṃ dukkhānaṃ mūlaṃ pucchati hetuṃ pucchati nidānaṃ pucchati sambhavaṃ pucchati pabhavaṃ pucchati samuṭṭhānaṃ pucchati āhāraṃ pucchati ārammaṇaṃ pucchati paccayaṃ pucchati samudayaṃ pucchati papucchati yācati ajjhesati pasādetī ti kuto nu dukkhā samudāgatā ime.

Ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā ti. Ye kecī ti sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ asesaṃ nissesaṃ pariyādiyanavacanametaṃ— ye kecīti. Lokasmin ti apāyaloke manussaloke devaloke khandhaloke dhātuloke āyatanaloke. Anekarūpā ti anekavidhā nānāppakārā dukkhāti ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo—

“Pucchāmi taṃ Bhagavā brūhi metaṃ, (iccāyasmā Mettagū) maññāmi taṃ vedaguṃ bhāvitattaṃ;
Kuto nu dukkhā samudāgatā ime, ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā” ti

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Dukkhassa ve maṃ pabhavaṃ apucchasi, (Mettagūti Bhagavā) taṃ te pavakkhāmi yathā pajānaṃ;
Upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhā, ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā.

Dukkhassa ve maṃ pabhavaṃ apucchasī ti. Dukkhassā ti jātidukkhassa jarādukkhassa byādhidukkhassa maraṇadukkhassa soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassupāyāsadukkhassa. Pabhavaṃ apucchasī ti dukkhassa mūlaṃ pucchasi hetuṃ pucchasi nidānaṃ pucchasi sambhavaṃ pucchasi pabhavaṃ pucchasi samuṭṭhānaṃ pucchasi āhāraṃ pucchasi ārammaṇaṃ pucchasi paccayaṃ pucchasi samudayaṃ pucchasi yācasi ajjhesasi pasādesīti dukkhassa ve maṃ pabhavaṃ apucchasi. Mettagū ti Bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nāmena ālapati. Bhagavā ti gāravādhivacanametaṃ …pe… sacchikā paññatti, yad idaṃ Bhagavā ti Mettagūti Bhagavā.

Taṃ te pavakkhāmi yathā pajānan ti. Tan ti dukkhassa mūlaṃ pavakkhāmi hetuṃ pavakkhāmi nidānaṃ pavakkhāmi sambhavaṃ pavakkhāmi pabhavaṃ pavakkhāmi samuṭṭhānaṃ pavakkhāmi āhāraṃ pavakkhāmi ārammaṇaṃ pavakkhāmi paccayaṃ pavakkhāmi samudayaṃ pavakkhāmi ācikkhissāmi desessāmi paññapessāmi paṭṭhapessāmi vivarissāmi vibhajissāmi uttānīkarissāmi pakāsessāmī ti taṃ te pavakkhāmi. Yathā pajānan ti yathā pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto. Na itihītihaṃ na itikirāya na paramparāya na piṭakasampadāya na takkahetu na nayahetu na ākāraparivitakkena na diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā sāmaṃ sayamabhiññātaṃ attapaccakkhadhammaṃ taṃ kathayissāmī ti taṃ te pavakkhāmi yathā pajānaṃ.

Upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhā ti. Upadhī ti dasa upadhī— taṇhūpadhi, diṭṭhūpadhi, kilesūpadhi, kammūpadhi, duccaritūpadhi, āhārūpadhi, paṭighūpadhi, catasso upādinnadhātuyo upadhī, cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni upadhī, cha viññāṇakāyā upadhī, sabbampi dukkhaṃ dukkhamanaṭṭhena upadhi. Ime vuccanti dasa upadhī. Dukkhā ti jātidukkhaṃ jarādukkhaṃ byādhidukkhaṃ maraṇadukkhaṃ soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ nerayikaṃ dukkhaṃ …pe… diṭṭhibyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ. Yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ādito samudāgamanaṃ paññāyati, atthaṅgamato nirodho paññāyati, kammasannissito vipāko, vipākasannissitaṃ kammaṃ, nāmasannissitaṃ rūpaṃ, rūpasannissitaṃ nāmaṃ, jātiyā anugataṃ, jarāya anusaṭaṃ, byādhinā abhibhūtaṃ, maraṇena abbhāhataṃ, dukkhe patiṭṭhitaṃ, atāṇaṃ aleṇaṃ asaraṇaṃ asaraṇībhūtaṃ— ime vuccanti dukkhā. Ime dukkhā upadhinidānā upadhihetukā upadhipaccayā upadhikāraṇā honti pabhavanti sambhavanti jāyanti sañjāyanti nibbattanti pātubhavantī ti upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhā.

Ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā ti. Ye kecī ti sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ asesaṃ nissesaṃ pariyādiyanavacanametaṃ— ye kecīti. Lokasmin ti apāyaloke manussaloke devaloke khandhaloke dhātuloke āyatanaloke. Anekarūpā ti anekavidhā nānappakārā dukkhāti ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā. Tenāha Bhagavā—

“Dukkhassa ve maṃ pabhavaṃ apucchasi, (Mettagūti Bhagavā) taṃ te pavakkhāmi yathā pajānaṃ;
Upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhā, ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā” ti

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Yo ve avidvā upadhiṃ karoti, punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mando;
Tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirā, dukkhassa jātippabhavānupassī.

Yo ve avidvā upadhiṃ karotī ti. Yo ti yo yādiso yathāyutto yathāvihito yathāpakāro yaṃṭhānappatto yaṃdhammasamannāgato khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo vā gahaṭṭho vā pabbajito vā devo vā manusso vā. Avidvā ti avijjāgato aññāṇī avibhāvī duppañño. Upadhiṃ karotī ti taṇhūpadhiṃ karoti, diṭṭhūpadhiṃ karoti, kilesūpadhiṃ karoti, kammūpadhiṃ karoti, duccaritūpadhiṃ karoti, āhārūpadhiṃ karoti, paṭighūpadhiṃ karoti, catasso upādinnadhātuyo upadhī karoti, cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni upadhī karoti, cha viññāṇakāye upadhī karoti janeti sañjaneti nibbatteti abhinibbattetī ti avidvā upadhiṃ karoti.

Punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mando ti punappunaṃ jātidukkhaṃ jarādukkhaṃ byādhidukkhaṃ maraṇadukkhaṃ soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ eti samupeti upagacchati gaṇhāti parāmasati abhinivisatī ti punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti. Mando ti mando momuho avidvā avijjāgato aññāṇī avibhāvī duppañño ti punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mando.

Tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirā ti. Tasmā ti taṅkāraṇā taṃhetu tappaccayā taṃnidānā etaṃ ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno upadhīsūti tasmā. Pajānan ti pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto, “sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā” ti pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto, “sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā” ti …pe… “sabbe dhammā anattā” ti …pe… “yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamman” ti pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto. Upadhiṃ na kayirā ti taṇhūpadhiṃ na kareyya, diṭṭhūpadhiṃ na kareyya, kilesūpadhiṃ na kareyya, duccaritūpadhiṃ na kareyya, āhārūpadhiṃ na kareyya, paṭighūpadhiṃ na kareyya, catasso upādinnadhātuyo upadhī na kareyya, cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni upadhī na kareyya, cha viññāṇakāye upadhī na kareyya, na janeyya na sañjaneyya na nibbatteyya nābhinibbatteyyā ti tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirā.

Dukkhassā ti jātidukkhassa jarādukkhassa byādhidukkhassa maraṇadukkhassa soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassupāyāsadukkhassa. Pabhavānupassī ti dukkhassa mūlānupassī hetānupassī nidānānupassī sambhavānupassī pabhavānupassī samuṭṭhānānupassī āhārānupassī ārammaṇānupassī paccayānupassī samudayānupassī. Anupassanā vuccati ñāṇaṃ. Yā paññā pajānanā …pe… amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi. Imāya anupassanāya paññāya upeto hoti samupeto upāgato samupāgato upapanno samupapanno samannāgato. So vuccati anupassīti dukkhassa jātippabhavānupassī. Tenāha Bhagavā—

“Yo ve avidvā upadhiṃ karoti, punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mando;
Tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirā, dukkhassa jātippabhavānupassī” ti

21

Yaṃ taṃ apucchimha akittayī no, aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma tadiṅgha brūhi;
Kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca;
Taṃ me munī sādhu viyākarohi, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo.

Yaṃ taṃ apucchimha akittayī no ti yaṃ taṃ apucchimha ayācimha ajjhesimha pasādayimha. Akittayī no ti kittitaṃ pakittitaṃ ācikkhitaṃ desitaṃ paññapitaṃ paṭṭhapitaṃ vivaritaṃ vibhattaṃ uttānīkataṃ pakāsitanti yaṃ taṃ apucchimha akittayī no.

Aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma tadiṅgha brūhī ti aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma, aññaṃ taṃ yācāma, aññaṃ taṃ ajjhesāma, aññaṃ taṃ pasādema, uttari taṃ pucchāma. Tadiṅgha brūhī ti iṅgha brūhi ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehīti aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma tadiṅgha brūhi.

Kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañcā ti. Kathaṃ nū ti saṃsayapucchā vimatipucchā dveḷhakapucchā anekaṃsapucchā— “evaṃ nu kho, nanu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho” ti kathaṃ nu. Dhīrā ti dhīrā paṇḍitā paññavanto buddhimanto ñāṇino vibhāvino medhāvino. Oghan ti kāmoghaṃ bhavoghaṃ diṭṭhoghaṃ avijjoghaṃ. Jātī ti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti nibbatti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho. Jarā ti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko. Soko ti ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa sīlabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa diṭṭhibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa aññataraññatarena byasanena vā samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena vā phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko antoḍāho antopariḍāho cetaso parijjhāyanā domanassaṃ sokasallaṃ. Paridevo ti ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa sīlabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa diṭṭhibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa aññataraññatarena byasanena vā samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena vā phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ vācā palāpo vippalāpo lālappo lālappanā lālappitattaṃ.

Kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañcā ti dhīrā kathaṃ oghañca jātiñca jarañca sokañca paridevañca taranti uttaranti pataranti samatikkamanti vītivattantī ti kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca.

Taṃ me munī sādhu viyākarohī ti. Tan ti yaṃ pucchāmi yaṃ yācāmi yaṃ ajjhesāmi yaṃ pasādemi. Munī ti monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ. Yā paññā pajānanā …pe… amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi. Bhagavā tena ñāṇena samannāgato muni monappatto. Tīṇi moneyyāni— kāyamoneyyaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ manomoneyyaṃ.

Katamaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ? Tividhānaṃ kāyaduccaritānaṃ pahānaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ. Tividhaṃ kāyasucaritaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ. Kāyārammaṇe ñāṇaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ. Kāyapariññā kāyamoneyyaṃ. Pariññāsahagato maggo kāyamoneyyaṃ. Kāye chandarāgassa pahānaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ. Kāyasaṅkhāranirodho catutthajjhānasamāpatti kāyamoneyyaṃ. Idaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ.

Katamaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ? Catubbidhānaṃ vacīduccaritānaṃ pahānaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ. Catubbidhaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ. Vācārammaṇe ñāṇaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ. Vācāpariññā vacīmoneyyaṃ. Pariññāsahagato maggo vacīmoneyyaṃ. Vācāya chandarāgassa pahānaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ. Vacīsaṅkhāranirodho dutiyajjhānasamāpatti vacīmoneyyaṃ. Idaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ.

Katamaṃ manomoneyyaṃ? Tividhānaṃ manoduccaritānaṃ pahānaṃ manomoneyyaṃ. Tividhaṃ manosucaritaṃ manomoneyyaṃ. Cittārammaṇe ñāṇaṃ manomoneyyaṃ. Cittapariññā manomoneyyaṃ. Pariññāsahagato maggo manomoneyyaṃ. Citte chandarāgassa pahānaṃ manomoneyyaṃ. Cittasaṅkhāranirodho saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpatti manomoneyyaṃ. Idaṃ manomoneyyaṃ.

Kāyamuniṃ vacīmuniṃ, manomunimanāsavaṃ;
Muniṃ moneyyasampannaṃ, āhu sabbappahāyinaṃ

Kāyamuniṃ vacīmuniṃ, manomunimanāsavaṃ;
Muniṃ moneyyasampannaṃ, āhu ninhātapāpakanti

Imehi tīhi moneyyehi dhammehi samannāgatā. Cha munino— agāramunino, anagāramunino, sekhamunino, asekhamunino, paccekamunino munimuninoti. Katame agāramunino? Ye te agārikā diṭṭhapadā viññātasāsanā— ime agāramunino. Katame anagāramunino? Ye te pabbajitā diṭṭhapadā viññātasāsanā— ime anagāramunino. Satta sekhā sekhamunino. Arahanto asekhamunino. Paccekasambuddhā paccekamunino. Tathāgatā arahanto sammāsambuddhā munimunino.

Na monena munī hoti, mūḷharūpo aviddasu;
Yo ca tulaṃva paggayha, varamādāya paṇḍito

Pāpāni parivajjeti, sa munī tena so muni;
Yo munāti ubho loke, muni tena pavuccati

Asatañ ca satañ ca ñatvā dhammaṃ, ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca sabbaloke;
Devamanussehi pūjanīyo, saṅgajālamaticca so munīti

Sādhu viyākarohī ti taṃ sādhu ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehīti taṃ me munī sādhu viyākarohi. Tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo ti tathā hi te vidito tulito tīrito vibhūto vibhāvito esa dhammo ti tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo—

“Yaṃ taṃ apucchimha akittayī no, aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma tadiṅgha brūhi;
Kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca;
Taṃ me munī sādhu viyākarohi, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo” ti

22

Kittayissāmi te dhammaṃ, (Mettagūti Bhagavā) diṭṭhe dhamme anītihaṃ;
Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattikaṃ.

Kittayissāmi te dhamman ti. Dhamman ti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, cattāro satipaṭṭhāne, cattāro sammappadhāne, cattāro iddhipāde, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅge, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, nibbānañca, nibbānagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ kittayissāmi ācikkhissāmi desessāmi paññapessāmi paṭṭhapessāmi vivarissāmi vibhajissāmi uttānīkarissāmi pakāsissāmī ti kittayissāmi te dhammaṃ. Mettagū ti Bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nāmena ālapati.

Diṭṭhe dhamme anītihan ti. Diṭṭhe dhamme ti diṭṭhe dhamme ñāte dhamme tulite dhamme tīrite dhamme vibhūte dhamme vibhāvite dhamme sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti …pe… yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammanti diṭṭhe dhamme ñāte dhamme tulite dhamme tīrite dhamme vibhūte dhamme vibhāvite dhammeti evampi diṭṭhe dhamme kathayissāmi. Atha vā dukkhe diṭṭhe dukkhaṃ kathayissāmi, samudaye diṭṭhe samudayaṃ kathayissāmi, magge diṭṭhe maggaṃ kathayissāmi, nirodhe diṭṭhe nirodhaṃ kathayissāmī ti evampi diṭṭhe dhamme kathayissāmi. Atha vā diṭṭhe dhamme sandiṭṭhikaṃ akālikaṃ ehipassikaṃ opaneyyikaṃ paccattaṃ veditabbaṃ viññūhīti evampi diṭṭhe dhamme kathayissāmīti diṭṭhe dhamme. Anītihan ti na itihītihaṃ na itikirāya na paramparāya na piṭakasampadāya na takkahetu na nayahetu na ākāraparivitakkena na diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā, sāmaṃ sayamabhiññātaṃ attapaccakkhadhammaṃ, taṃ kathayissāmī ti diṭṭhe dhamme anītihaṃ.

Yaṃ viditvā sato caran ti yaṃ viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā, “sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā” ti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā, “sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā” ti … “sabbe dhammā anattā” ti …pe… “yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamman” ti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā. Sato ti catūhi kāraṇehi sato— kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato …pe… so vuccati sato. Caran ti caranto viharanto iriyanto vattento pālento yapento yāpento ti yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ.

Tare loke visattikan ti visattikā vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo …pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Visattikā ti kenaṭṭhena visattikā? Visatāti visattikā, visālāti visattikā, visaṭāti visattikā, visamāti visattikā, visakkatīti visattikā, visaṃharatīti visattikā, visaṃvādikāti visattikā, visamūlāti visattikā, visaphalāti visattikā, visaparibhogāti visattikā, visālā vā pana sā taṇhā rūpe sadde gandhe rase phoṭṭhabbe dhamme kule gaṇe āvāse lābhe yase pasaṃsāya sukhe cīvare piṇḍapāte senāsane gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāre kāmadhātuyā rūpadhātuyā arūpadhātuyā kāmabhave rūpabhave arūpabhave saññābhave asaññābhave nevasaññānāsaññābhave ekavokārabhave catuvokārabhave pañcavokārabhave atīte anāgate paccuppanne diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbesu dhammesu visaṭā vitthatāti visattikā. Loke ti apāyaloke manussaloke devaloke khandhaloke dhātuloke āyatanaloke. Tare loke visattikan ti loke vesā visattikā, loke vetaṃ visattikaṃ sato tareyya uttareyya patareyya samatikkameyya vītivatteyyā ti tare loke visattikaṃ. Tenāha Bhagavā—

“Kittayissāmi te dhammaṃ, (Mettagūti Bhagavā) diṭṭhe dhamme anītihaṃ;
Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattikan” ti

23

Tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmi, mahesi dhammamuttamaṃ;
Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattikaṃ.

Tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmī ti. Tan ti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ byappathaṃ desanaṃ anusāsanaṃ anusiṭṭhaṃ. Nandāmi abhinandāmi modāmi anumodāmi icchāmi sādiyāmi yācāmi patthayāmi pihayāmi abhijappāmī ti tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmi.

Mahesi dhammamuttaman ti. Mahesī ti kiṃ mahesi Bhagavā, mahantaṃ sīlakkhandhaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahantaṃ samādhikkhandhaṃ …pe… mahantaṃ paññākkhandhaṃ … mahantaṃ vimuttikkhandhaṃ … mahantaṃ vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato tamokāyassa padālanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato vipallāsassa pabhedanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato taṇhāsallassa abbahanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato diṭṭhisaṅghāṭassa viniveṭhanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato mānadhajassa papātanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato abhisaṅkhārassa vūpasamaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato oghassa nittharaṇaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato bhārassa nikkhepanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato saṃsāravaṭṭassa upacchedaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato santāpassa nibbāpanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato pariḷāhassa paṭippassaddhiṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato dhammadhajassa ussāpanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahante satipaṭṭhāne …pe… mahante sammappadhāne … mahante iddhipāde … mahantāni indriyāni … mahantāni balāni … mahante bojjhaṅge … mahantaṃ ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ … mahantaṃ paramatthaṃ amataṃ nibbānaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahesakkhehi sattehi esito gavesito pariyesito— “kahaṃ buddho, kahaṃ Bhagavā, kahaṃ devadevo, kahaṃ narāsabho” ti mahesi. Dhammamuttaman ti dhammamuttamaṃ vuccati amataṃ nibbānaṃ. Yo so sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Uttaman ti aggaṃ seṭṭhaṃ viseṭṭhaṃ pāmokkhaṃ uttamaṃ pavaraṃ dhammanti mahesi dhammamuttamaṃ.

Yaṃ viditvā sato caran ti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā, “sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā” ti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā, “sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā” ti … “sabbe dhammā anattā” ti …pe… “yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamman” ti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā. Sato ti catūhi kāraṇehi sato— kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato, vedanāsu …pe… citte … dhammesu … dhammānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato … so vuccati sato. Caran ti caranto viharanto iriyanto vattento pālento yapento yāpento ti yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ.

Tare loke visattikan ti visattikā vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo …pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Visattikā ti kenaṭṭhena visattikā …pe… visaṭā vitthatāti visattikā. Loke ti apāyaloke …pe… āyatanaloke. Tare loke visattikan ti loke vesā visattikā, loke vetaṃ visattikaṃ sato tareyya uttareyya patareyya samatikkameyya vītivatteyyā ti tare loke visattikaṃ. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo—

“Tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmi, mahesi dhammamuttamaṃ;
Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattikan” ti

24

Yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsi, (Mettagūti Bhagavā) uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe;
Etesu nandiñca nivesanañca, panujja viññāṇaṃ bhave na tiṭṭhe.

Yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsī ti yaṃ kiñci pajānāsi ājānāsi vijānāsi paṭivijānāsi paṭivijjhasīti yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsi. Mettagū ti Bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nāmena ālapati. Bhagavā ti gāravādhivacanametaṃ …pe… sacchikā paññatti, yad idaṃ Bhagavā ti Mettagūti Bhagavā.

Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe ti. Uddhan ti anāgataṃ; adho ti atītaṃ; tiriyañcāpi majjhe ti paccuppannaṃ. Uddhan ti devaloko; adho ti nirayaloko; tiriyañcāpi majjhe ti manussaloko. Atha vā uddhan ti kusalā dhammā; adho ti akusalā dhammā; tiriyañcāpi majjhe ti abyākatā dhammā. Uddhan ti arūpadhātu; adho ti kāmadhātu; tiriyañcāpi majjhe ti rūpadhātu. Uddhan ti sukhā vedanā; adho ti dukkhā vedanā; tiriyañcāpi majjhe ti adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Uddhan ti uddhaṃ pādatalā; adho ti adho kesamatthakā; tiriyañcāpi majjhe ti vemajjheti uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe.

Etesu nandiñca nivesanañca, panujja viññāṇaṃ bhave na tiṭṭhe ti etesū ti ācikkhitesu desitesu paññapitesu paṭṭhapitesu vivaritesu vibhajitesu uttānīkatesu pakāsitesu. Nandī vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo …pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Nivesanan ti dve nivesanā— taṇhānivesanā ca diṭṭhinivesanā ca. Katamā taṇhā nivesanā? Yāvatā taṇhāsaṅkhātena …pe… ayaṃ taṇhānivesanā. Katamā diṭṭhinivesanā? Vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhi …pe… ayaṃ diṭṭhinivesanā.

Panujja viññāṇan ti puññābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇaṃ, apuññābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇaṃ, āneñjābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇaṃ. Etesu nandiñca nivesanañca abhisaṅkhārasahagatañ ca viññāṇaṃ nujja panujja nuda panuda jaha pajaha vinodehi byantīkarohi anabhāvaṃ gamehīti etesu nandiñca nivesanañca panujja viññāṇaṃ.

Bhave na tiṭṭhe ti. Bhavā ti dve bhavā— kammabhavo ca paṭisandhiko ca punabbhavo. Katamo kammabhavo? Puññābhisaṅkhāro apuññābhisaṅkhāro āneñjābhisaṅkhāro— ayaṃ kammabhavo. Katamo paṭisandhiko punabbhavo? Paṭisandhikā rūpaṃ vedanā saññā saṅkhārā viññāṇaṃ— ayaṃ paṭisandhiko punabbhavo. Bhave na tiṭṭhe ti nandiñca nivesanañca abhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇañca kammabhavañca paṭisandhikañca punabbhavaṃ pajahanto vinodento byantīkaronto anabhāvaṃ gamento kammabhave na tiṭṭheyya paṭisandhike punabbhave na tiṭṭheyya na santiṭṭheyyā ti panujja viññāṇaṃ bhave na tiṭṭhe. Tenāha Bhagavā—

“Yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsi, (Mettagūti Bhagavā) uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe;
Etesu nandiñca nivesanañca, panujja viññāṇaṃ bhave na tiṭṭhe” ti

25

Evaṃvihārī sato appamatto, bhikkhu caraṃ hitvā mamāyitāni;
Jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idh’eva vidvā pajaheyya dukkhaṃ.

Evaṃvihārī sato appamatto ti. Evaṃvihārī ti nandiñca nivesanañca abhisaṅkhārasahagataviññāṇañca kammabhavañca paṭisandhikañca punabbhavaṃ pajahanto vinodento byantīkaronto anabhāvaṃ gamento ti evaṃvihārī. Sato ti catūhi kāraṇehi sato— kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento …pe… so vuccati sato. Appamatto ti sakkaccakārī sātaccakārī aṭṭhitakārī anolīnavuttiko anikkhittacchando anikkhittadhuro appamatto kusalesu dhammesu— “kathāhaṃ aparipūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūreyyaṃ, paripūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggaṇheyyan” ti yo tattha chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca ātappaṃ padhānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ anuyogo appamatto appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. “Kathāhaṃ aparipūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ …pe… paññākkhandhaṃ … vimuttikkhandhaṃ … vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ paripūreyyaṃ paripūraṃ vā vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggaṇheyyan” ti yo tattha chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca ātappaṃ padhānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ anuyogo appamatto appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. “Kathāhaṃ apariññātaṃ vā dukkhaṃ parijāneyyaṃ, appahīne vā kilese pajaheyyaṃ, abhāvitaṃ vā maggaṃ bhāveyyaṃ, asacchikataṃ vā nirodhaṃ sacchikareyyan” ti yo tattha chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca ātappaṃ padhānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ anuyogo appamatto appamādo kusalesu dhammesūti evaṃvihārī sato appamatto.

Bhikkhu caraṃ hitvā mamāyitānī ti. Bhikkhū ti puthujjanakalyāṇako vā bhikkhu sekkho vā bhikkhu. Caran ti caranto viharanto iriyanto vattento pālento yapento yāpento. Mamattā ti dve mamattā— taṇhāmamattañ ca diṭṭhimamattañ ca …pe… idaṃ taṇhāmamattaṃ …pe… idaṃ diṭṭhimamattaṃ … taṇhāmamattaṃ pahāya diṭṭhimamattaṃ paṭinissajjitvā mamatte jahitvā cajitvā pajahitvā vinodetvā byantīkaritvā anabhāvaṃ gametvā ti bhikkhu caraṃ hitvā mamāyitāni.

Jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idh’eva vidvā pajaheyya dukkhan ti. Jātī ti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ …pe… jaran ti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ …pe… soko ti ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa …pe… paridevo ti ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa …pe… idhā ti imissā diṭṭhiyā …pe… imasmiṃ manussaloke. Vidvā ti vijjāgato ñāṇī vibhāvī medhāvī. Dukkhan ti jātidukkhaṃ …pe… domanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ. Jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idh’eva vidvā pajaheyya dukkhan ti vijjāgato ñāṇī vibhāvī medhāvī idh’eva jātiñca jarañca sokapariddavañca dukkhañca pajaheyya vinodeyya byantīkareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyyā ti jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idh’eva vidvā pajaheyya dukkhaṃ. Tenāha Bhagavā—

“Evaṃvihārī sato appamatto, bhikkhu caraṃ hitvā mamāyitāni;
Jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idh’eva vidvā pajaheyya dukkhan” ti

26

Etābhinandāmi vaco mahesino, sukittitaṃ Gotamanūpadhīkaṃ;
Addhā hi Bhagavā pahāsi dukkhaṃ, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo.

Etābhinandāmi vaco mahesino ti. Etan ti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ byappathaṃ desanaṃ anusāsanaṃ anusiṭṭhaṃ nandāmi abhinandāmi modāmi anumodāmi icchāmi sādiyāmi patthayāmi pihayāmi abhijappāmi. Mahesino ti kiṃ mahesi Bhagavā? Mahantaṃ sīlakkhandhaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi …pe… kahaṃ narāsabhoti mahesīti etābhinandāmi vaco mahesino.

Sukittitaṃ Gotamanūpadhīkan ti. Sukittitan ti sukittitaṃ suācikkhitaṃ sudesitaṃ supaññapitaṃ supaṭṭhapitaṃ suvivaritaṃ suvibhajitaṃ suuttānīkataṃ supakāsitanti sukittitaṃ. Gotamanūpadhīkan ti upadhī vuccanti kilesā ca khandhā ca abhisaṅkhārā ca. Upadhippahānaṃ upadhivūpasamaṃ upadhipaṭinissaggaṃ upadhipaṭipassaddhaṃ amataṃ nibbānanti sukittitaṃ Gotamanūpadhīkaṃ.

Addhā hi Bhagavā pahāsi dukkhan ti. Addhā ti ekaṃsavacanaṃ nissaṃsayavacanaṃ nikkaṅkhāvacanaṃ advejjhavacanaṃ adveḷhakavacanaṃ nirodhavacanaṃ apaṇṇakavacanaṃ avatthāpanavacanametaṃ— addhāti. Bhagavā ti gāravādhivacanametaṃ …pe… sacchikā paññatti, yad idaṃ Bhagavā ti. Pahāsi dukkhan ti jātidukkhaṃ jarādukkhaṃ byādhidukkhaṃ maraṇadukkhaṃ soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ pahāsi pajahi vinodesi byantīkarosi anabhāvaṃ gamesīti addhā hi Bhagavā pahāsi dukkhaṃ.

Tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo ti tathā hi te vidito tulito tīrito vibhūto vibhāvito esa dhammo ti tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo—

“Etābhinandāmi vaco mahesino, sukittitaṃ Gotamanūpadhīkaṃ;
Addhā hi Bhagavā pahāsi dukkhaṃ, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo” ti

27

Te cāpi nūnappajaheyyu dukkhaṃ, ye tvaṃ muni aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya;
Taṃ taṃ namassāmi samecca nāga, appeva maṃ Bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya.

Te cāpi nūnappajaheyyu dukkhan ti. Te cāpī ti khattiyā ca brāhmaṇā ca vessā ca suddā ca gahaṭṭhā ca pabbajitā ca devā ca manussā ca. Pajaheyyu dukkhan ti jātidukkhaṃ jarādukkhaṃ byādhidukkhaṃ maraṇadukkhaṃ soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ pajaheyyuṃ vinodeyyuṃ byantīkareyyuṃ anabhāvaṃ gameyyunti te cāpi nūnappajaheyyu dukkhaṃ.

Ye tvaṃ muni aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyyā ti. Ye ti khattiye ca brāhmaṇe ca vesse ca sudde ca gahaṭṭhe ca pabbajite ca deve ca manusse ca. Tvan ti Bhagavantaṃ bhaṇati. Munī ti monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ …pe… saṅgajālamaticca so muni. Aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyyā ti aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya sakkaccaṃ ovadeyya abhiṇhaṃ ovadeyya punappunaṃ ovadeyya anusāseyyā ti ye tvaṃ muni aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya.

Taṃ taṃ namassāmi samecca nāgā ti. Tan ti Bhagavantaṃ bhaṇati. Namassāmī ti kāyena vā namassāmi, vācāya vā namassāmi, cittena vā namassāmi, anvatthapaṭipattiyā vā namassāmi, dhammānudhammapaṭipattiyā vā namassāmi, sakkaromi garuṃ karomi mānemi pūjemi. Sameccā ti samecca abhisamecca samāgantvā abhisamāgantvā sammukhā taṃ namassāmi. Nāgā ti nāgo ca Bhagavā āguṃ na karotī ti nāgo, na gacchatī ti nāgo, na āgacchatī ti nāgo. Kathaṃ Bhagavā āguṃ na karotī ti nāgo? Āgu vuccati pāpakā akusalā dhammā saṅkilesikā ponobhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā.

Āguṃ na karoti kiñci loke, (sabhiyāti Bhagavā) sabbasaṃyoge visajja bandhanāni;
Sabbattha na sajjatī vimutto, nāgo tādi pavuccate tathattā ti

Evaṃ Bhagavā āguṃ na karotī ti nāgo.

Kathaṃ Bhagavā na gacchatī ti nāgo. Bhagavā na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, na rāgavasena gacchati, na dosavasena gacchati, na mohavasena gacchati, na mānavasena gacchati, na diṭṭhivasena gacchati, na uddhaccavasena gacchati, na vicikicchāvasena gacchati, na anusayavasena gacchati, na vaggehi dhammehi yāyati nīyati vuyhati saṃharīyati. Evaṃ Bhagavā na gacchatī ti nāgo.

Kathaṃ Bhagavā na āgacchatī ti nāgo. Sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchati. Sakadāgāmimaggena …pe… anāgāmimaggena … arahattamaggena ye kilesā pahīnā te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchati. Evaṃ Bhagavā na āgacchatīti nāgo ti taṃ taṃ namassāmi samecca nāga.

Appeva maṃ Bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyyā ti appeva maṃ Bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya sakkaccaṃ ovadeyya abhiṇhaṃ ovadeyya punappunaṃ ovadeyya anusāseyyā ti appeva maṃ Bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo—

“Te cāpi nūnappajaheyyu dukkhaṃ, ye tvaṃ muni aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya;
Taṃ taṃ namassāmi samecca nāga, appeva maṃ Bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyyā” ti

28

Yaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vedagumābhijaññā, akiñcanaṃ kāmabhave asattaṃ;
Addhā hi so oghamimaṃ atāri, tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ akhilo akaṅkho.

Yaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vedagumābhijaññā ti. Brāhmaṇo ti sattannaṃ dhammānaṃ bāhitattā brāhmaṇo. Sakkāyadiṭṭhi bāhitā hoti, vicikicchā bāhitā hoti, sīlabbataparāmāso bāhito hoti, rāgo bāhito hoti, doso bāhito hoti, moho bāhito hoti, māno bāhito hoti. Bāhitāssa honti pāpakā akusalā dhammā saṅkilesikā ponobhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā.

Bāhitvā sabbapāpakāni, (sabhiyāti Bhagavā) vimalo sādhusamāhito ṭhitatto;
Saṃsāramaticca kevalī so, asito tādi pavuccate sa brahmā

Vedagū ti vedo vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ …pe… sabbaṃ vedamaticca vedagū soti. Abhijaññā ti abhijāneyya ājāneyya vijāneyya paṭivijāneyya paṭivijjheyyā ti yaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vedagumābhijaññā.

Akiñcanaṃ kāmabhave asattan ti. Akiñcanan ti rāgakiñcanaṃ dosakiñcanaṃ mohakiñcanaṃ mānakiñcanaṃ diṭṭhikiñcanaṃ kilesakiñcanaṃ duccaritakiñcanaṃ, yassete kiñcanā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so vuccati akiñcano. Kāmā ti uddānato dve kāmā— vatthukāmā ca kilesakāmā ca …pe… ime vuccanti vatthukāmā …pe… ime vuccanti kilesakāmā. Bhavā ti dve bhavā— kammabhavo ca paṭisandhiko ca punabbhavo …pe… ayaṃ paṭisandhiko punabbhavo. Akiñcanaṃ kāmabhave asattan ti akiñcanaṃ puggalaṃ kāmabhave ca asattaṃ alaggaṃ alaggitaṃ apalibuddhaṃ nikkhantaṃ nissaṭaṃ vippamuttaṃ visaññuttaṃ vimariyādikatena cetasā viharantanti akiñcanaṃ kāmabhave asattaṃ.

Addhā hi so oghamimaṃ atārī ti. Addhā ti ekaṃsavacanaṃ …pe… avatthāpanavacanametaṃ— addhāti. Oghan ti kāmoghaṃ bhavoghaṃ diṭṭhoghaṃ avijjoghaṃ. Atārī ti uttari patari samatikkami vītivattayīti addhā hi so oghamimaṃ atāri.

Tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ akhilo akaṅkho ti. Tiṇṇo ti kāmoghaṃ tiṇṇo, bhavoghaṃ tiṇṇo, diṭṭhoghaṃ tiṇṇo, avijjoghaṃ tiṇṇo, saṃsārapathaṃ tiṇṇo uttiṇṇo nitthiṇṇo atikkanto samatikkanto vītivatto. So vutthavāso ciṇṇacaraṇo gataddho gatadiso gatakoṭiko pālitabrahmacariyo uttamadiṭṭhippatto bhāvitamaggo, pahīnakileso paṭividdhākuppo sacchikatanirodho. Dukkhaṃ tassa pariññātaṃ, samudayo pahīno, maggo bhāvito, nirodho sacchikato, abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, pariññeyyaṃ pariññātaṃ, pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ, bhāvetabbaṃ bhāvitaṃ, sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikataṃ. So ukkhittapaligho saṅkiṇṇaparikkho abbuḷhesiko niraggaḷo ariyo pannaddhajo pannabhāro visaññutto pañcaṅgavippahīno chaḷaṅgasamannāgato ekārakkho caturāpasseno panuṇṇapaccekasacco samavayasaṭṭhesano anāvilasaṅkappo passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro suvimuttacitto suvimuttapañño kevalī vusitavā uttamapuriso paramapuriso paramapattippatto. So neva ācināti na apacināti, apacinitvā ṭhito. Neva pajahati na upādiyati, pajahitvā ṭhito. Neva visineti na ussineti, visinetvā ṭhito. Neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti, vidhūpetvā ṭhito. Asekkhena sīlakkhandhena samannāgatattā ṭhito. Asekkhena samādhikkhandhena …pe… paññākkhandhena … vimuttikkhandhena … vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhena samannāgatattā ṭhito. Saccaṃ sampaṭipādayitvā ṭhito. Ejaṃ samatikkamitvā ṭhito. Kilesaggiṃ pariyādiyitvā ṭhito. Aparigamanatāya ṭhito. Kathaṃ samādāya ṭhito? Vimuttipaṭisevanatāya ṭhito. Mettāya pārisuddhiyā ṭhito. Karuṇāya …pe… muditāya … upekkhāya pārisuddhiyā ṭhito. Accantapārisuddhiyā ṭhito. Atammayatāya pārisuddhiyā ṭhito. Vimuttattā ṭhito. Santussitattā ṭhito. Khandhapariyante ṭhito. Dhātupariyante ṭhito. Āyatanapariyante ṭhito. Gatipariyante ṭhito. Upapattipariyante ṭhito. Paṭisandhipariyante ṭhito. Bhavapariyante ṭhito. Saṃsārapariyante ṭhito. Vaṭṭapariyante ṭhito. Antimabhave ṭhito. Antime samussaye ṭhito. Antimadehadharo arahā.

“Tassāyaṃ pacchimako bhavo, carimoyaṃ samussayo;
Jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthi tassa punabbhavo” ti

Tiṇṇo ca pāran ti pāraṃ vuccati amataṃ nibbānaṃ. Yo so sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. So pāragato pārappatto antagato antappatto koṭigato koṭippatto pariyantagato pariyantappatto vosānagato vosānappatto tāṇagato tāṇappatto leṇagato leṇappatto saraṇagato saraṇappatto abhayagato abhayappatto accutagato accutappatto amatagato amatappatto nibbānagato nibbānappatto. So vutthavāso ciṇṇacaraṇo …pe… jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthi tassa punabbhavo ti tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ.

Akhilo ti rāgo khilo, doso khilo, moho khilo, kodho khilo, upanāho khilo …pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārā khilā. Yassete khilā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā so vuccati akhilo. Akaṅkho ti dukkhe kaṅkhā, dukkhasamudaye kaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhe kaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya kaṅkhā, pubbante kaṅkhā, aparante kaṅkhā, pubbantāparante kaṅkhā, idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppannesu dhammesu kaṅkhā, yā evarūpā kaṅkhā kaṅkhāyanā kaṅkhāyitattaṃ vimati vicikicchā dveḷhakaṃ dvedhāpatho saṃsayo anekaṃsaggāho āsappanā parisappanā apariyogāhanā chambhitattaṃ cittassa manovilekho. Yassete kaṅkhā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā so vuccati akaṅkho ti tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ akhilo akaṅkho. Tenāha Bhagavā—

“Yaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vedagumābhijaññā, akiñcanaṃ kāmabhave asattaṃ;
Addhā hi so oghamimaṃ atāri, tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ akhilo akaṅkho” ti

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Vidvā ca yo vedagū naro idha, bhavābhave saṅgamimaṃ visajja;
So vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmi.

Vidvā ca yo vedagū naro idhā ti. Vidvā ti vijjāgato ñāṇī vibhāvī medhāvī. Yo ti yo yādiso …pe… manusso vā. Vedagū ti vedo vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ paññā paññindriyaṃ paññābalaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo vīmaṃsā vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi. Tehi vedehi jātijarāmaraṇassa antagato antappatto koṭigato koṭippatto pariyantagato pariyantappatto vosānagato vosānappatto tāṇagato tāṇappatto leṇagato leṇappatto saraṇagato saraṇappatto abhayagato abhayappatto accutagato accutappatto amatagato amatappatto nibbānagato nibbānappatto. Vedānaṃ vā antagato ti vedagū, vedehi vā antagato ti vedagū, sattannaṃ vā dhammānaṃ viditattā vedagū. Sakkāyadiṭṭhi viditā hoti, vicikicchā …pe… sīlabbataparāmāso … rāgo … doso … moho … māno vidito hoti. Viditāssa honti pāpakā akusalā dhammā saṅkilesikā ponobhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā.

Vedāni viceyya kevalāni, (sabhiyāti Bhagavā) samaṇānaṃ yānīdhatthi brāhmaṇānaṃ;
Sabbavedanāsu vītarāgo, sabbaṃ vedamaticca vedagū so

Naro ti satto naro mānavo poso puggalo jīvo jāgu jantu indagu manujo. Idhā ti imissā diṭṭhiyā …pe… imasmiṃ manussaloketi vidvā ca yo vedagū naro idha.

Bhavābhave saṅgamimaṃ visajjā ti. Bhavābhave ti bhavābhave kammabhave punabbhave kāmabhave, kammabhave kāmabhave punabbhave rūpabhave, kammabhave rūpabhave punabbhave arūpabhave, kammabhave arūpabhave punabbhave punappunabbhave, punappunagatiyā punappunaupapattiyā punappunapaṭisandhiyā punappunaattabhāvābhinibbattiyā. Saṅgā ti satta saṅgā— rāgasaṅgo, dosasaṅgo, mohasaṅgo, mānasaṅgo, diṭṭhisaṅgo, kilesasaṅgo, duccaritasaṅgo. Visajjā ti saṅge vosajjetvā vā visajja. Atha vā saṅge bandhe vibandhe ābandhe lagge laggite palibuddhe bandhane phoṭayitvā vā visajja. Yathā yānaṃ vā vayhaṃ vā rathaṃ vā sakaṭaṃ vā sandamānikaṃ vā sajjaṃ visajjaṃ karonti vikopenti evameva te saṅge vosajjetvā vā visajja. Atha vā saṅge bandhe vibandhe ābandhe lagge laggite palibuddhe bandhane phoṭayitvā vā visajjāti bhavābhave saṅgamimaṃ visajja.

So vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmī ti. Taṇhā ti rūpataṇhā …pe… dhammataṇhā … yassesā taṇhā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so vuccati vītataṇho vigatataṇho cattataṇho vantataṇho muttataṇho pahīnataṇho paṭinissaṭṭhataṇho vītarāgo cattarāgo pahīnarāgo paṭinissaṭṭharāgo nicchāto nibbuto sītibhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharatī ti so vītataṇho. Anīgho ti rāgo nīgho, doso nīgho, moho nīgho, kodho nīgho, upanāho nīgho …pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārā nīghā. Yassete nīghā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so vuccati anīgho. Nirāso ti āsā vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo …pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Yassesā āsā taṇhā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so vuccati nirāso. Jātī ti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ …pe… āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho. Jarā ti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ …pe… indriyānaṃ paripāko. Ayaṃ vuccati jarā. So vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmī ti yo so vītataṇho anīgho ca nirāso ca, so kho jātijarāmaraṇaṃ atari uttari patari samatikkami vītivattayīti brūmi ācikkhāmi desemi paññapemi paṭṭhapemi vivarāmi vibhajāmi uttānīkaromi pakāsemī ti so vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmi. Tenāha Bhagavā—

“Vidvā ca yo vedagū naro idha, bhavābhave saṅgamimaṃ visajja;
So vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmī” ti

Saha gāthāpariyosānā …pe… satthā me, bhante Bhagavā, sāvako’ham asmī ti.