布萨罗学童问义释

81

Yo atītaṃ ādisati, (iccāyasmā Posālo) anejo chinnasaṃsayo;
Pāraguṃ sabbadhammānaṃ, atthi pañhena āgamaṃ.

Yo atītaṃ ādisatī ti. Yo ti yo so Bhagavā sayambhū. Anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto, balesu ca vasībhāvaṃ. Atītaṃ ādisatī ti Bhagavā attano ca paresañ ca atītam pi ādisati, anāgatam pi ādisati, paccuppannampi ādisati.

Kathaṃ Bhagavā attano atītaṃ ādisati? Bhagavā attano atītaṃ ekampi jātiṃ ādisati, dvepi jātiyo ādisati, tisso pi jātiyo ādisati, catasso pi jātiyo ādisati, pañcapi jātiyo ādisati, dasapi jātiyo ādisati, vīsam pi jātiyo ādisati, tiṃsam pi jātiyo ādisati, cattālīsam pi jātiyo ādisati, paññāsam pi jātiyo ādisati, jātisatam pi …pe… jātisahassam pi … jātisatasahassam pi … anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe … anekepi vivaṭṭakappe … anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe ādisati “amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṅgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṅgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno” ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ ādisati. Evaṃ Bhagavā attano atītaṃ ādisati.

Kathaṃ Bhagavā paresaṃ atītaṃ ādisati? Bhagavā paresaṃ atītaṃ ekampi jātiṃ ādisati, dvepi jātiyo ādisati …pe… anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe ādisati “amutrāsi evaṃnāmo evaṅgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādi; tatrāpāsi evaṃnāmo evaṅgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno” ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ ādisati. Evaṃ Bhagavā paresaṃ atītaṃ ādisati.

Bhagavā pañca jātakasatāni bhāsanto attano ca paresañ ca atītaṃ ādisati, mahāpadāniyasuttantaṃ bhāsanto attano ca paresañ ca atītaṃ ādisati, mahāsudassaniyasuttantaṃ bhāsanto attano ca paresañ ca atītaṃ ādisati, mahāgovindiyasuttantaṃ bhāsanto attano ca paresañ ca atītaṃ ādisati, maghadeviyasuttantaṃ bhāsanto attano ca paresañ ca atītaṃ ādisati.

Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā— “atītaṃ kho, cunda, addhānaṃ ārabbha Tathāgatassa satānusāriñāṇaṃ hoti. So yāvatakaṃ ākaṅkhati tāvatakaṃ anussarati. Anāgatañ ca kho, cunda …pe… paccuppannañca kho, cunda, addhānaṃ ārabbha Tathāgatassa bodhijaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati ‘ayamantimā jāti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’” ti.

Indriyaparopariyattañāṇaṃ Tathāgatassa Tathāgatabalaṃ, sattānaṃ āsayānusayañāṇaṃ Tathāgatassa Tathāgatabalaṃ, yamakapāṭihīre ñāṇaṃ Tathāgatassa Tathāgatabalaṃ, mahākaruṇāsamāpattiyā ñāṇaṃ Tathāgatassa Tathāgatabalaṃ, sabbaññutañāṇaṃ Tathāgatassa Tathāgatabalaṃ, anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ Tathāgatassa Tathāgatabalaṃ, sabbattha asaṅgamappaṭihatamanāvaraṇañāṇaṃ Tathāgatassa Tathāgatabalaṃ. Evaṃ Bhagavā attano ca paresañ ca atītam pi ādisati anāgatam pi ādisati paccuppannampi ādisati ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti pakāsetī ti yo atītaṃ ādisati.

Iccāyasmā Posālo ti. Iccā ti padasandhi …pe… āyasmā ti piyavacanaṃ …pe… Posālo ti tassa brāhmaṇassa nāmaṃ …pe… abhilāpo ti iccāyasmā Posālo.

Anejo chinnasaṃsayo ti ejā vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo …pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Sā ejā taṇhā buddhassa Bhagavato pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tasmā buddho anejo. Ejāya pahīnattā anejo. Bhagavā lābhepi na iñjati …pe… dukkhepi na iñjati na calati na vedhati nappavedhati na sampavedhatīti anejo. Chinnasaṃsayo ti saṃsayo vuccati vicikicchā. Dukkhe kaṅkhā …pe… chambhitattaṃ cittassa manovilekho. So saṃsayo buddhassa Bhagavato pahīno chinno ucchinno samucchinno vūpasanto paṭinissaggo paṭippassaddho abhabbuppattiko ñāṇagginā daḍḍho. Tasmā buddho chinnasaṃsayo ti anejo chinnasaṃsayo.

Pāraguṃ sabbadhammānan ti Bhagavā sabbadhammānaṃ abhiññāpāragū pariññāpāragū pahānapāragū bhāvanāpāragū sacchikiriyāpāragū samāpattipāragū abhiññāpāragū sabbadhammānaṃ …pe… jātimaraṇasaṃsāro natthi tassa punabbhavo ti pāragū sabbadhammānaṃ.

Atthi pañhena āgaman ti pañhena atthiko āgatomhi …pe… “vahassetaṃ bhāran” ti atthi pañhena āgamaṃ. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo—

“Yo atītaṃ ādisati, (iccāyasmā Posālo) anejo chinnasaṃsayo;
Pāraguṃ sabbadhammānaṃ, atthi pañhena āgaman” ti

82

Vibhūtarūpasaññissa, sabbakāyappahāyino;
Ajjhattañ ca bahiddhā ca, natthi kiñcīti passato;
Ñāṇaṃ sakkānupucchāmi, kathaṃ neyyo tathāvidho.

Vibhūtarūpasaññissā ti katamā rūpasaññā? Rūpāvacarasamāpattiṃ samāpannassa vā upapannassa vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārissa vā saññā sañjānanā sañjānitattaṃ— ayaṃ rūpasaññā. Vibhūtarūpasaññissā ti catasso arūpasamāpattiyo paṭiladdhassa rūpasaññā vibhūtā honti vigatā atikkantā samatikkantā vītivattā ti vibhūtarūpasaññissa.

Sabbakāyappahāyino ti sabbo tassa paṭisandhiko rūpakāyo pahīno, tadaṅgasamatikkamā vikkhambhanappahānena pahīno tassa rūpakāyo ti sabbakāyappahāyino.

Ajjhattañ ca bahiddhā ca, natthi kiñcīti passato ti. Natthi kiñcī ti ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpatti. Kiṅkāraṇā? Natthi kiñcīti ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpatti. Yaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiṃ sato samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhahitvā taññeva viññāṇaṃ abhāveti, vibhāveti, antaradhāpeti, “natthi kiñcī” ti passati taṅkāraṇā natthi kiñcīti ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattī ti ajjhattañ ca bahiddhā ca natthi kiñcīti passato.

Ñāṇaṃ sakkānupucchāmī ti. Sakkā ti sakko. Bhagavā sakyakulā pabbajitotipi sakko …pe… pahīnabhayabheravo vigatalomahaṃsotipi sakko. Ñāṇaṃ sakkānupucchāmī ti tassa ñāṇaṃ pucchāmi, paññaṃ pucchāmi, sambuddhaṃ pucchāmi. “Kīdisaṃ kiṃsaṇṭhitaṃ kiṃpakāraṃ kiṃpaṭibhāgaṃ ñāṇaṃ icchitabban” ti ñāṇaṃ sakkānupucchāmi.

Kathaṃ neyyo tathāvidho ti kathaṃ so netabbo vinetabbo anunetabbo paññāpetabbo nijjhāpetabbo pekkhetabbo pasādetabbo? Kathaṃ tena uttari ñāṇaṃ uppādetabbaṃ? Tathāvidho ti tathāvidho tādiso tassaṇṭhito tappakāro tappaṭibhāgo yo so ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattilābhīti kathaṃ neyyo tathāvidho. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo—

“Vibhūtarūpasaññissa, sabbakāyappahāyino;
Ajjhattañ ca bahiddhā ca, natthi kiñcīti passato;
Ñāṇaṃ sakkānupucchāmi, kathaṃ neyyo tathāvidho” ti

83

Viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo sabbā, (Posālāti Bhagavā) abhijānaṃ Tathāgato;
Tiṭṭhantamenaṃ jānāti, dhimuttaṃ tapparāyaṇaṃ.

Viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo sabbā ti Bhagavā abhisaṅkhāravasena catasso viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo jānāti, paṭisandhivasena satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo jānāti. Kathaṃ Bhagavā abhisaṅkhāravasena catasso viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo jānāti? Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā— “rūpupayaṃ vā, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tiṭṭheyya, rūpārammaṇaṃ rūpappatiṭṭhaṃ nandūpasecanaṃ vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjeyya. Vedanupayaṃ vā, bhikkhave …pe… saññupayaṃ vā, bhikkhave …pe… saṅkhārupayaṃ vā, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tiṭṭheyya, saṅkhārārammaṇaṃ saṅkhārappatiṭṭhaṃ nandūpasecanaṃ vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjeyyā” ti. Evaṃ Bhagavā abhisaṅkhāravasena catasso viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo jānāti.

Kathaṃ Bhagavā paṭisandhivasena satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo jānāti? Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā— “santi, bhikkhave, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino— seyyathā pi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

Santi, bhikkhave, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathā pi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

Santi, bhikkhave, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathā pi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

Santi, bhikkhave, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathā pi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

Santi, bhikkhave, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā, ananto ākāsoti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ pañcamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

Santi, bhikkhave, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma, anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭhī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

Santi, bhikkhave, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma, natthi kiñcīti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti”. Evaṃ Bhagavā paṭisandhivasena satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo jānātī ti viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo sabbā.

Posālāti Bhagavā ti. Posālā ti Bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nāmena ālapati. Bhagavā ti gāravādhivacanametaṃ …pe… sacchikā paññatti, yad idaṃ Bhagavā ti Posālāti Bhagavā.

Abhijānaṃ Tathāgato ti. Abhijānan ti abhijānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto Tathāgato. Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā— “atītañcepi kho, cunda, hoti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, na taṃ Tathāgato byākaroti. Atītañcepi, cunda, hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, tam pi Tathāgato na byākaroti. Atītañcepi kho, cunda, hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasañhitaṃ, tatra kālaññū Tathāgato hoti tass’eva pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Anāgatañcepi, cunda, hoti …pe… paccuppannañcepi, cunda, hoti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, na taṃ Tathāgato byākaroti. Paccuppannañcepi, cunda, hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, tam pi Tathāgato na byākaroti. Paccuppannañcepi, cunda, hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasañhitaṃ, tatra kālaññū Tathāgato hoti tassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Iti kho, cunda, atītānāgatapaccuppannesu dhammesu Tathāgato kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī. Tasmā ‘Tathāgato’ti vuccati.

Yaṃ kho, cunda, sadevakassa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, sabbaṃ taṃ Tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ. Tasmā ‘Tathāgato’ti vuccati. Yañca, cunda, rattiṃ Tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati sabbaṃ taṃ tath’eva hoti no aññathā. Tasmā ‘Tathāgato’ti vuccati. Yathāvādī, cunda, Tathāgato tathākārī; yathākārī tathāvādī. Iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Tasmā ‘Tathāgato’ti vuccati. Sadevake, cunda, loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya Tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī. Tasmā Tathāgato ti vuccatī” ti abhijānaṃ Tathāgato.

Tiṭṭhantamenaṃ jānātī ti Bhagavā idhatthaññeva jānāti kammābhisaṅkhāravasena— “ayaṃ puggalo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjissatī” ti. Bhagavā idhatthaññeva jānāti kammābhisaṅkhāravasena— “ayaṃ puggalo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tiracchānayoniṃ upapajjissatī” ti. Bhagavā idhatthaññeva jānāti kammābhisaṅkhāravasena— “ayaṃ puggalo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā pettivisayaṃ upapajjissatī” ti. Bhagavā idhatthaññeva jānāti kammābhisaṅkhāravasena— “ayaṃ puggalo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manussesu uppajjissatī” ti. Bhagavā idhatthaññeva jānāti kammābhisaṅkhāravasena— “ayaṃ puggalo suppaṭipanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissatī” ti.

Vuttañ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā— “idha panāhaṃ, Sāriputta, ekaccaṃ puggalaṃ evaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi— ‘tathāyaṃ puggalo paṭipanno, tathā ca iriyati, tañ ca maggaṃ samārūḷho, yathā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjissatī’ti.

Idha panāhaṃ, Sāriputta, ekaccaṃ puggalaṃ evaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi— ‘tathāyaṃ puggalo paṭipanno tathā ca iriyati tañ ca maggaṃ samārūḷho, yathā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tiracchānayoniṃ upapajjissatī’ti.

Idha panāhaṃ, Sāriputta, ekaccaṃ puggalaṃ evaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi— ‘tathāyaṃ puggalo paṭipanno tathā ca iriyati tañ ca maggaṃ samārūḷho, yathā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’” ti tiṭṭhantamenaṃ jānāti.

Dhimuttaṃ tapparāyaṇan ti. Dhimuttan ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ. Dhimuttanti vimokkhena dhimuttaṃ tatrādhimuttaṃ tadadhimuttaṃ tadādhipateyyaṃ. Atha vā Bhagavā jānāti “ayaṃ puggalo rūpādhimutto saddādhimutto gandhādhimutto rasādhimutto phoṭṭhabbādhimutto kulādhimutto gaṇādhimutto āvāsādhimutto lābhādhimutto yasādhimutto pasaṃsādhimutto sukhādhimutto cīvarādhimutto piṇḍapātādhimutto senāsanādhimutto gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārādhimutto suttantādhimutto vinayādhimutto abhidhammādhimutto āraññakaṅgādhimutto piṇḍapātikaṅgādhimutto paṃsukūlikaṅgādhimutto tecīvarikaṅgādhimutto sapadānacārikaṅgādhimutto khalupacchābhattikaṅgādhimutto nesajjikaṅgādhimutto yathāsanthatikaṅgādhimutto paṭhamajjhānādhimutto dutiyajjhānādhimutto tatiyajjhānādhimutto catutthajjhānādhimutto ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattādhimutto viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattādhimutto ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattādhimutto nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattādhimutto” ti dhimuttaṃ.

Tapparāyaṇan ti ākiñcaññāyatanamayaṃ tapparāyaṇaṃ kammaparāyaṇaṃ vipākaparāyaṇaṃ kammagarukaṃ paṭisandhigarukaṃ. Atha vā Bhagavā jānāti “ayaṃ puggalo rūpaparāyaṇo …pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiparāyaṇo” ti dhimuttaṃ tapparāyaṇaṃ. Tenāha Bhagavā—

“Viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo sabbā, (Posālāti Bhagavā) abhijānaṃ Tathāgato;
Tiṭṭhantamenaṃ jānāti, dhimuttaṃ tapparāyaṇan” ti

84

Ākiñcaññasambhavaṃ ñatvā, nandisaṃyojanaṃ iti;
Evametaṃ abhiññāya, tato tattha vipassati;
Etaṃ ñāṇaṃ tathaṃ tassa, brāhmaṇassa vusīmato.

Ākiñcaññasambhavaṃ ñatvā ti ākiñcaññasambhavoti vuccati ākiñcaññāyatanasaṃvattaniko kammābhisaṅkhāro. Ākiñcaññāyatanasaṃvattanikaṃ kammābhisaṅkhāraṃ ākiñcaññasambhavoti ñatvā, laggananti ñatvā, bandhananti ñatvā, palibodhoti ñatvā jānitvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā ti ākiñcaññasambhavaṃ ñatvā.

Nandisaṃyojanaṃ itī ti nandisaṃyojanaṃ vuccati arūparāgo. Arūparāgena taṃ kammaṃ laggaṃ laggitaṃ palibuddhaṃ arūparāgaṃ nandisaṃyojananti ñatvā, laggananti ñatvā, bandhananti ñatvā, palibodhoti ñatvā jānitvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā. Itī ti padasandhi padasaṃsaggo padapāripūrī akkharasamavāyo byañjanasiliṭṭhatā padānupubbatāpetaṃ itī ti nandisaṃyojanaṃ iti.

Evametaṃ abhiññāyā ti evaṃ etaṃ abhiññāya jānitvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā ti evametaṃ abhiññāya.

Tato tattha vipassatī ti. Tatthā ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhahitvā tattha jāte cittacetasike dhamme aniccato vipassati, dukkhato vipassati, rogato …pe… nissaraṇato vipassati dakkhati oloketi nijjhāyati upaparikkhatī ti tato tattha vipassati.

Etaṃ ñāṇaṃ tathaṃ tassā ti etaṃ ñāṇaṃ tacchaṃ bhūtaṃ yāthāvaṃ aviparītaṃ tassāti etaṃ ñāṇaṃ tathaṃ tassa.

Brāhmaṇassa vusīmato ti. Brāhmaṇo ti sattannaṃ dhammānaṃ bāhitattā brāhmaṇo …pe… asito tādi pavuccate sa brahmāti. Brāhmaṇassa vusīmato ti puthujjanakalyāṇaṃ upādāya satta sekkhā appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya vasanti saṃvasanti āvasanti parivasanti; arahā vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññāvimutto, so vutthavāso ciṇṇacaraṇo …pe… jātimaraṇasaṃsāro; natthi tassa punabbhavo ti brāhmaṇassa vusīmato. Tenāha Bhagavā—

“Ākiñcaññasambhavaṃ ñatvā, nandisaṃyojanaṃ iti;
Evametaṃ abhiññāya, tato tattha vipassati;
Etaṃ ñāṇaṃ tathaṃ tassa, brāhmaṇassa vusīmato” ti

Saha gāthāpariyosānā …pe… satthā me, bhante Bhagavā, sāvako’ham asmī ti.

Posālamāṇavapucchāniddeso cuddasamo.