大心材喻经

Cūḷasāropama Sutta ^↗

312

Evaṃ me sutaṃ— ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati Jetavane Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

Atha kho piṅgalakoccho brāhmaṇo yena Bhagavā ten’upasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekam antaṃ nisīdi. Ekam antaṃ nisinno kho piṅgalakoccho brāhmaṇo Bhagavantaṃ etad avoca:

“ye’me, bho Gotama, samaṇabrāhmaṇā saṅghino gaṇino gaṇācariyā ñātā yasassino titthakarā sādhusammatā, bahujanassa, seyyathidaṃ—pūraṇo kassapo, makkhali gosālo, ajito kesakambalo, pakudho kaccāyano, sañcayo belaṭṭhaputto, Nigaṇṭho Nāṭaputto, sabbete sakāya paṭiññāya abbhaññaṃsu sabbeva nābbhaññaṃsu, udāhu ekacce abbhaññaṃsu ekacce nābbhaññaṃsū” ti?

“Alaṃ, brāhmaṇa, tiṭṭhat’etaṃ— sabbete sakāya paṭiññāya abbhaññaṃsu sabbeva nābbhaññaṃsu, udāhu ekacce abbhaññaṃsu ekacce nābbhaññaṃsūti. Dhammaṃ te, brāhmaṇa, desessāmi, taṃ suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi, bhāsissāmī” ti.

“Evaṃ, bho” ti kho piṅgalakoccho brāhmaṇo Bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etad avoca:

313

“Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ atikkamma phegguṃ atikkamma tacaṃ atikkamma papaṭikaṃ, sākhāpalāsaṃ chetvā ādāya pakkameyya ‘sāran’ ti maññamāno. Tam enaṃ cakkhumā puriso disvā evaṃ vadeyya: ‘na vatāyaṃ bhavaṃ puriso aññāsi sāraṃ, na aññāsi phegguṃ, na aññāsi tacaṃ, na aññāsi papaṭikaṃ, na aññāsi sākhāpalāsaṃ. Tathā hayaṃ bhavaṃ puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ atikkamma phegguṃ atikkamma tacaṃ atikkamma papaṭikaṃ, sākhāpalāsaṃ chetvā ādāya pakkanto “sāran” ti maññamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ tañ cassa atthaṃ nānubhavissatī’ ti.

314

Seyyathāpi vā pana, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ atikkamma phegguṃ atikkamma tacaṃ, papaṭikaṃ chetvā ādāya pakkameyya ‘sāran’ ti maññamāno. Tam enaṃ cakkhumā puriso disvā evaṃ vadeyya: ‘na vatāyaṃ bhavaṃ puriso aññāsi sāraṃ, na aññāsi phegguṃ, na aññāsi tacaṃ, na aññāsi papaṭikaṃ, na aññāsi sākhāpalāsaṃ. Tathā hayaṃ bhavaṃ puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ atikkamma phegguṃ atikkamma tacaṃ papaṭikaṃ chetvā ādāya pakkanto “sāran” ti maññamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ tañ cassa atthaṃ nānubhavissatī’ ti.

315

Seyyathāpi vā pana, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ atikkamma phegguṃ, tacaṃ chetvā ādāya pakkameyya ‘sāran’ ti maññamāno. Tam enaṃ cakkhumā puriso disvā evaṃ vadeyya: ‘na vatāyaṃ bhavaṃ puriso aññāsi sāraṃ, na aññāsi phegguṃ, na aññāsi tacaṃ, na aññāsi papaṭikaṃ, na aññāsi sākhāpalāsaṃ. Tathā hayaṃ bhavaṃ puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ atikkamma phegguṃ, tacaṃ chetvā ādāya pakkanto “sāran” ti maññamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ tañ cassa atthaṃ nānubhavissatī’ ti.

316

Seyyathāpi vā pana, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ, phegguṃ chetvā ādāya pakkameyya ‘sāran’ ti maññamāno. Tam enaṃ cakkhumā puriso disvā evaṃ vadeyya: ‘na vatāyaṃ bhavaṃ puriso aññāsi sāraṃ, na aññāsi phegguṃ, na aññāsi tacaṃ, na aññāsi papaṭikaṃ, na aññāsi sākhāpalāsaṃ. Tathā hayaṃ bhavaṃ puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ, phegguṃ chetvā ādāya pakkanto “sāran” ti maññamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ tañ cassa atthaṃ nānubhavissatī’ ti.

317

Seyyathāpi vā pana, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato sāraññeva chetvā ādāya pakkameyya ‘sāran’ ti jānamāno. Tam enaṃ cakkhumā puriso disvā evaṃ vadeyya: ‘aññāsi vatāyaṃ bhavaṃ puriso sāraṃ, aññāsi phegguṃ, aññāsi tacaṃ, aññāsi papaṭikaṃ, aññāsi sākhāpalāsaṃ. Tathā hayaṃ bhavaṃ puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato sāraññeva chetvā ādāya pakkanto “sāran” ti jānamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ tañ cassa atthaṃ anubhavissatī’ ti.

318

Evam eva kho, brāhmaṇa, idh’ekacco puggalo saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti: ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto, appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ ti. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno lābhasakkārasilokaṃ abhinibbatteti. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena attamano hoti paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti: ‘ahamasmi lābhasakkārasilokavā, ime panaññe bhikkhū appaññātā appesakkhā’ ti. Lābhasakkārasilokena ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya na chandaṃ janeti, na vāyamati, olīnavuttiko ca hoti sāthaliko. Seyyathāpi so, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ atikkamma phegguṃ atikkamma tacaṃ atikkamma papaṭikaṃ, sākhāpalāsaṃ chetvā ādāya pakkanto ‘sāran’ ti maññamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ tañ cassa atthaṃ nānubhavissati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

319

Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti: ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto, appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ ti. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno lābhasakkārasilokaṃ abhinibbatteti. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena na attamano hoti na paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Lābhasakkārasilokena ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko. So sīlasampadaṃ ārādheti. So tāya sīlasampadāya attamano hoti, paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tāya sīlasampadāya attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti: ‘ahamasmi sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, ime panaññe bhikkhū dussīlā pāpadhammā’ ti. Sīlasampadāya ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya na chandaṃ janeti, na vāyamati, olīnavuttiko ca hoti sāthaliko. Seyyathāpi so, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ atikkamma phegguṃ atikkamma tacaṃ, papaṭikaṃ chetvā ādāya pakkanto ‘sāran’ ti maññamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ, tañ cassa atthaṃ nānubhavissati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

320

Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti: ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto, appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ ti. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno lābhasakkārasilokaṃ abhinibbatteti. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena na attamano hoti, na paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Lābhasakkārasilokena ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko. So sīlasampadaṃ ārādheti. So tāya sīlasampadāya attamano hoti no ca kho paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tāya sīlasampadāya na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Sīlasampadāya ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko. So samādhisampadaṃ ārādheti. So tāya samādhisampadāya attamano hoti, paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tāya samādhisampadāya attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti: ‘ahamasmi samāhito ekaggacitto, ime panaññe bhikkhū asamāhitā vibbhantacittā’ ti. Samādhisampadāya ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca, tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya na chandaṃ janeti, na vāyamati, olīnavuttiko ca hoti sāthaliko. Seyyathāpi so, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ atikkamma phegguṃ, tacaṃ chetvā ādāya pakkanto ‘sāran’ ti maññamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ tañ cassa atthaṃ nānubhavissati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

321

Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti: ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena …pe… antakiriyā paññāyethā’ ti. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno lābhasakkārasilokaṃ abhinibbatteti. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena na attamano hoti na paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Lābhasakkārasilokena ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko. So sīlasampadaṃ ārādheti. So tāya sīlasampadāya attamano hoti, no ca kho paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tāya sīlasampadāya na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Sīlasampadāya ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko. So samādhisampadaṃ ārādheti. So tāya samādhisampadāya attamano hoti, no ca kho paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tāya samādhisampadāya na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Samādhisampadāya ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko. So ñāṇadassanaṃ ārādheti. So tena ñāṇadassanena attamano hoti, paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tena ñāṇadassanena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti: ‘ahamasmi jānaṃ passaṃ viharāmi, ime panaññe bhikkhū ajānaṃ apassaṃ viharantī’ ti. Ñāṇadassanena ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya na chandaṃ janeti, na vāyamati, olīnavuttiko ca hoti sāthaliko. Seyyathāpi so, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva sāraṃ, phegguṃ chetvā ādāya pakkanto ‘sāran’ ti maññamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ tañ cassa atthaṃ nānubhavissati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

322

Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti: ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto, appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ ti. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno lābhasakkārasilokaṃ abhinibbatteti. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena na attamano hoti, na paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tena lābhasakkārasilokena na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Lābhasakkārasilokena ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko. So sīlasampadaṃ ārādheti. So tāya sīlasampadāya attamano hoti, no ca kho paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tāya sīlasampadāya na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Sīlasampadāya ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko. So samādhisampadaṃ ārādheti. So tāya samādhisampadāya attamano hoti, no ca kho paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tāya samādhisampadāya na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Samādhisampadāya ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko. So ñāṇadassanaṃ ārādheti. So tena ñāṇadassanena attamano hoti, no ca kho paripuṇṇasaṅkappo. So tena ñāṇadassanena na attānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ñāṇadassanena ca ye aññe dhammā uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya chandaṃ janeti, vāyamati, anolīnavuttiko ca hoti asāthaliko.

323

Katame ca, brāhmaṇa, dhammā ñāṇadassanena uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca?

Idha, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu vivicc’eva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammo ñāṇadassanena uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca.

Puna c’aparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammo ñāṇadassanena uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca.

Puna c’aparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati, sato ca sampajāno sukhañ ca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti: ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammo ñāṇadassanena uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca.

Puna c’aparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbe va somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammo ñāṇadassanena uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca.

Puna c’aparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammo ñāṇadassanena uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca.

Puna c’aparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇan’ ti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammo ñāṇadassanena uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca.

Puna c’aparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammo ñāṇadassanena uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca.

Puna c’aparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammo ñāṇadassanena uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca.

Puna c’aparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati, paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayam pi kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammo ñāṇadassanena uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammā ñāṇadassanena uttaritarā ca paṇītatarā ca.

324

Seyyathāpi so, brāhmaṇa, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato sāraṃyeva chetvā ādāya pakkanto ‘sāran’ ti jānamāno. Yañcassa sārena sārakaraṇīyaṃ tañ cassa atthaṃ anubhavissati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

Iti kho, brāhmaṇa, nayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsaṃ, na sīlasampadānisaṃsaṃ, na samādhisampadānisaṃsaṃ, na ñāṇadassanānisaṃsaṃ. Yā ca kho ayaṃ, brāhmaṇa, akuppā cetovimutti—etadatthamidaṃ, brāhmaṇa, brahmacariyaṃ, etaṃ sāraṃ etaṃ pariyosānan” ti.

Evaṃ vutte, piṅgalakoccho brāhmaṇo Bhagavantaṃ etad avoca: “abhikkantaṃ, bho Gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho Gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ Gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan” ti.

Tass’uddānaṃ—

Moḷiyaphaggunariṭṭhañca nāmo,
Andhavane kathipuṇṇaṃ nivāpo;
Rāsikaṇerumahāgajanāmo,
Sārūpamo puna piṅgalakoccho.