四衢经

Cātuma Sutta ^↗

Evaṃ me sutaṃ— ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā cātumāyaṃ viharati āmalakīvane.

Tena kho pana samayena Sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṃ anuppattāni honti Bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Te ca āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā ahesuṃ.

Atha kho Bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi: “ke panete, Ānanda, uccāsaddā mahāsaddā, kevaṭṭā maññe macchavilope” ti?

“Etāni, bhante, Sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṃ anuppattāni Bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Te āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā” ti.

“Tenahānanda, mama vacanena te bhikkhū āmantehi: ‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’” ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante” ti kho āyasmā Ānando Bhagavato paṭissutvā yena te bhikkhū ten’upasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etad avoca: “satthā āyasmante āmantetī” ti.

“Evam āvuso” ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa paṭissutvā yena Bhagavā ten’upasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekam antaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekam antaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū Bhagavā etad avoca:

“kiṃ nu tumhe, bhikkhave, uccāsaddā mahāsaddā, kevaṭṭā maññe macchavilope” ti?

“Imāni, bhante, Sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṃ anuppattāni Bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Teme āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā” ti.

“Gacchatha, bhikkhave, paṇāmemi vo, na vo mama santike vatthabban” ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante” ti kho te bhikkhū Bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā Bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaram ādāya pakkamiṃsu.

Tena kho pana samayena cātumeyyakā sakyā santhāgāre sannipatitā honti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Addasaṃsu kho cātumeyyakā sakyā te bhikkhū dūrato va āgacchante; disvāna yena te bhikkhū ten’upasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etad avocuṃ: “handa kahaṃ pana tumhe āyasmanto gacchathā” ti?

“Bhagavatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhusaṅgho paṇāmito” ti.

“Tenahāyasmanto muhuttaṃ nisīdatha, appeva nāma mayaṃ sakkuṇeyyāma Bhagavantaṃ pasādetun” ti.

“Evam āvuso” ti kho te bhikkhū cātumeyyakānaṃ sakyānaṃ paccassosuṃ.

Atha kho cātumeyyakā sakyā yena Bhagavā ten’upasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekam antaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekam antaṃ nisinnā kho cātumeyyakā sakyā Bhagavantaṃ etad avocuṃ:

“abhinandatu, bhante, Bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, Bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhante, Bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito; evam eva Bhagavā etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Santettha, bhante, bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ Bhagavantaṃ dassanāya alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi, bhante, bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo; evam eva kho, bhante, santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ Bhagavantaṃ dassanāya alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi, bhante, vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo; evam eva kho, bhante, santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ Bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Abhinandatu, bhante, Bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, Bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhante, Bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito; evam eva Bhagavā etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅghan” ti.

Atha kho brahmā sahampati Bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya—seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya; evam eva—brahmaloke antarahito Bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena Bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā Bhagavantaṃ etad avoca:

“abhinandatu, bhante, Bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, Bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhante, Bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito; evam eva Bhagavā etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Santettha, bhante, bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ Bhagavantaṃ dassanāya alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi, bhante, bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo; evam eva kho, bhante, santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ Bhagavantaṃ dassanāya alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi, bhante, vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo; evam eva kho, bhante, santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ Bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ, siyā vipariṇāmo. Abhinandatu, bhante, Bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, Bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhante, Bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito; evam eva Bhagavā etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅghan” ti.

Asakkhiṃsu kho cātumeyyakā ca sakyā brahmā ca sahampati Bhagavantaṃ pasādetuṃ bījūpamena ca taruṇūpamena ca.

Atha kho āyasmā Mahāmoggallāno bhikkhū āmantesi: “uṭṭheth’āvuso, gaṇhatha pattacīvaraṃ. Pasādito Bhagavā cātumeyyakehi ca sakyehi brahmunā ca sahampatinā bījūpamena ca taruṇūpamena cā” ti.

“Evam āvuso” ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato Mahāmoggallānassa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pattacīvaram ādāya yena Bhagavā ten’upasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekam antaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekam antaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ Sāriputtaṃ Bhagavā etad avoca: “kinti te, Sāriputta, ahosi mayā bhikkhusaṅghe paṇāmite” ti?

“Evaṃ kho me, bhante, ahosi: ‘Bhagavatā bhikkhusaṅgho paṇāmito. Appossukko dāni Bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharissati, mayam pi dāni appossukkā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyuttā viharissāmā’” ti.

“Āgamehi tvaṃ, Sāriputta, āgamehi tvaṃ, Sāriputta, diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāran” ti.

Atha kho Bhagavā āyasmantaṃ Mahāmoggallānaṃ āmantesi: “kinti te, Moggallāna, ahosi mayā bhikkhusaṅghe paṇāmite” ti?

“Evaṃ kho me, bhante, ahosi: ‘Bhagavatā bhikkhusaṅgho paṇāmito. Appossukko dāni Bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharissati, ahañca dāni āyasmā ca Sāriputto bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pariharissāmā’” ti.

“Sādhu sādhu, Moggallāna. Ahaṃ vā hi, Moggallāna, bhikkhusaṅghaṃ parihareyyaṃ Sāriputtamoggallānā vā” ti.

Atha kho Bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

“cattār’imāni, bhikkhave, bhayāni udakorohante pāṭikaṅkhitabbāni. Katamāni cattāri? Ūmibhayaṃ, kumbhīlabhayaṃ, āvaṭṭabhayaṃ, susukābhayaṃ—imāni, bhikkhave, cattāri bhayāni udakorohante pāṭikaṅkhitabbāni.

Evam eva kho, bhikkhave, cattār’imāni bhayāni idh’ekacce puggale imasmiṃ dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajite pāṭikaṅkhitabbāni. Katamāni cattāri? Ūmibhayaṃ, kumbhīlabhayaṃ, āvaṭṭabhayaṃ, susukābhayaṃ.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, ūmibhayaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kulaputto saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti: ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto; appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ ti. Tam enaṃ tathā pabbajitaṃ samānaṃ sabrahmacārī ovadanti, anusāsanti: ‘evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ te paṭikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ te ālokitabbaṃ, evaṃ te vilokitabbaṃ, evaṃ te samiñjitabbaṃ, evaṃ te pasāritabbaṃ, evaṃ te saṅghāṭipattacīvaraṃ dhāretabban’ ti. Tassa evaṃ hoti: ‘mayaṃ kho pubbe agāriyabhūtā samānā aññe ovadāma, anusāsāma. Ime pan’amhākaṃ puttamattā maññe, nattamattā maññe, amhe ovaditabbaṃ anusāsitabbaṃ maññantī’ ti. So sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ūmibhayassa bhīto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvatto. ‘Ūmibhayan’ ti kho, bhikkhave, kodhupāyāsassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, kumbhīlabhayaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kulaputto saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti: ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto; appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ ti. Tam enaṃ tathā pabbajitaṃ samānaṃ sabrahmacārī ovadanti anusāsanti: ‘idaṃ te khāditabbaṃ, idaṃ te na khāditabbaṃ; idaṃ te bhuñjitabbaṃ, idaṃ te na bhuñjitabbaṃ; idaṃ te sāyitabbaṃ, idaṃ te na sāyitabbaṃ; idaṃ te pātabbaṃ, idaṃ te na pātabbaṃ; kappiyaṃ te khāditabbaṃ, akappiyaṃ te na khāditabbaṃ; kappiyaṃ te bhuñjitabbaṃ, akappiyaṃ te na bhuñjitabbaṃ; kappiyaṃ te sāyitabbaṃ, akappiyaṃ te na sāyitabbaṃ; kappiyaṃ te pātabbaṃ, akappiyaṃ te na pātabbaṃ; kāle te khāditabbaṃ, vikāle te na khāditabbaṃ; kāle te bhuñjitabbaṃ, vikāle te na bhuñjitabbaṃ; kāle te sāyitabbaṃ, vikāle te na sāyitabbaṃ; kāle te pātabbaṃ, vikāle te na pātabban’ ti. Tassa evaṃ hoti: ‘mayaṃ kho pubbe agāriyabhūtā samānā yaṃ icchāma taṃ khādāma, yaṃ na icchāma na taṃ khādāma; yaṃ icchāma taṃ bhuñjāma, yaṃ na icchāma na taṃ bhuñjāma; yaṃ icchāma taṃ sāyāma, yaṃ na icchāma na taṃ sāyāma; yaṃ icchāma taṃ pivāma, yaṃ na icchāma na taṃ pivāma; kappiyampi khādāma, akappiyampi khādāma; kappiyampi bhuñjāma, akappiyampi bhuñjāma; kappiyampi sāyāma, akappiyampi sāyāma; kappiyampi pivāma, akappiyampi pivāma; kālepi khādāma, vikālepi khādāma; kālepi bhuñjāma vikālepi bhuñjāma; kālepi sāyāma, vikālepi sāyāma; kālepi pivāma, vikālepi pivāma. Yampi no saddhā gahapatikā divā vikāle paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ denti tatthapime mukhāvaraṇaṃ maññe karontī’ ti. So sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, kumbhīlabhayassa bhīto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvatto. ‘Kumbhīlabhayan’ ti kho, bhikkhave, odarikattass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, āvaṭṭabhayaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kulaputto saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti: ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto; appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ ti. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaram ādāya gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati. Arakkhiten’eva kāyena arakkhitāya vācāya anupaṭṭhitāya satiyā asaṃvutehi indriyehi so tattha passati gahapatiṃ vā gahapatiputtaṃ vā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitaṃ samaṅgībhūtaṃ paricārayamānaṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti: ‘mayaṃ kho pubbe agāriyabhūtā samānā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārimhā. Saṃvijjanti kho pana me kule bhogā. Sakkā bhoge ca bhuñjituṃ puññāni ca kātun’ ti. So sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, āvaṭṭabhayassa bhīto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvatto. ‘Āvaṭṭabhayan’ ti kho, bhikkhave, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, susukābhayaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kulaputto saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti: ‘otiṇṇomhi jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto; appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ ti. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaram ādāya gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati. Arakkhiten’eva kāyena arakkhitāya vācāya anupaṭṭhitāya satiyā asaṃvutehi indriyehi so tattha passati mātugāmaṃ dunnivatthaṃ vā duppārutaṃ vā. Tassa mātugāmaṃ disvā dunnivatthaṃ vā duppārutaṃ vā rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti. So rāgānuddhaṃsena cittena sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, susukābhayassa bhīto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvatto. ‘Susukābhayan’ ti kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri bhayāni, idh’ekacce puggale imasmiṃ dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajite pāṭikaṅkhitabbānī” ti.

Idam avoca Bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū Bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandun ti.