阿那律经

Anuruddha Sutta ^↗

Evaṃ me sutaṃ— ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati Jetavane Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati aññataraṃ purisaṃ āmantesi: “ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, yenāyasmā Anuruddho tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena āyasmato anuruddhassa pāde sirasā vandāhi: ‘pañcakaṅgo, bhante, thapati āyasmato anuruddhassa pāde sirasā vandatī’ ti; evañca vadehi: ‘adhivāsetu kira, bhante, āyasmā Anuruddho pañcakaṅgassa thapatissa svātanāya attacatuttho bhattaṃ; yena ca kira, bhante, āyasmā Anuruddho pagevataraṃ āgaccheyya; pañcakaṅgo, bhante, thapati bahukicco bahukaraṇīyo rājakaraṇīyenā’” ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante” ti kho so puriso pañcakaṅgassa thapatissa paṭissutvā yenāyasmā Anuruddho ten’upasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ abhivādetvā ekam antaṃ nisīdi. Ekam antaṃ nisinno kho so puriso āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etad avoca: “pañcakaṅgo, bhante, thapati āyasmato anuruddhassa pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadeti: ‘adhivāsetu kira, bhante, āyasmā Anuruddho pañcakaṅgassa thapatissa svātanāya attacatuttho bhattaṃ; yena ca kira, bhante, āyasmā Anuruddho pagevataraṃ āgaccheyya; pañcakaṅgo, bhante, thapati bahukicco bahukaraṇīyo rājakaraṇīyenā’” ti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā Anuruddho tuṇhībhāvena.

Atha kho āyasmā Anuruddho tassā rattiyā accayena pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaram ādāya yena pañcakaṅgassa thapatissa nivesanaṃ ten’upasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekam antaṃ nisīdi. Ekam antaṃ nisinno kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etad avoca:

“Idha maṃ, bhante, therā bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā evam āhaṃsu: ‘appamāṇaṃ, gahapati, cetovimuttiṃ bhāvehī’ ti. Ekacce therā evam āhaṃsu: ‘mahaggataṃ, gahapati, cetovimuttiṃ bhāvehī’ ti. Yā cāyaṃ, bhante, appamāṇā cetovimutti yā ca mahaggatā cetovimutti—ime dhammā nānatthā c’eva nānābyañjanā ca, udāhu ekatthā byañjanameva nānan” ti?

“Tena hi, gahapati, taṃyevettha paṭibhātu, apaṇṇakante ito bhavissatī” ti.

“Mayhaṃ kho, bhante, evaṃ hoti: ‘yā cāyaṃ appamāṇā cetovimutti yā ca mahaggatā cetovimutti ime dhammā ekatthā byañjanameva nānan’” ti.

“Yā cāyaṃ, gahapati, appamāṇā cetovimutti yā ca mahaggatā cetovimutti ime dhammā nānatthā c’eva nānābyañjanā ca. Tadamināpetaṃ, gahapati, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā ime dhammā nānatthā c’eva nānābyañjanā ca.

Katamā ca, gahapati, appamāṇā cetovimutti? Idha, gahapati, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ tathā tatiyaṃ tathā catutthaṃ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā … muditāsahagatena cetasā … upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ tathā tatiyaṃ tathā catutthaṃ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, appamāṇā cetovimutti.

Katamā ca, gahapati, mahaggatā cetovimutti? Idha, gahapati, bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ mahaggatanti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, mahaggatā cetovimutti. Idha pana, gahapati, bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā rukkhamūlāni mahaggatanti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. Ayam pi vuccati, gahapati, mahaggatā cetovimutti. Idha pana, gahapati, bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ gāmakkhettaṃ mahaggatanti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. Ayam pi vuccati, gahapati, mahaggatā cetovimutti. Idha pana, gahapati, bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā gāmakkhettāni mahaggatanti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. Ayam pi vuccati, gahapati, mahaggatā cetovimutti. Idha pana, gahapati, bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ mahārajjaṃ mahaggatanti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. Ayam pi vuccati, gahapati, mahaggatā cetovimutti. Idha pana, gahapati, bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā mahārajjāni mahaggatanti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. Ayam pi vuccati, gahapati, mahaggatā cetovimutti. Idha pana, gahapati, bhikkhu yāvatā samuddapariyantaṃ pathaviṃ mahaggatanti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. Ayam pi vuccati, gahapati, mahaggatā cetovimutti. Iminā kho etaṃ, gahapati, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā ime dhammā nānatthā c’eva nānābyañjanā ca.

Catasso kho imā gahapati, bhavūpapattiyo. Katamā catasso? Idha, gahapati, ekacco ‘parittābhā’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parittābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Idha pana, gahapati, ekacco ‘appamāṇābhā’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā appamāṇābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Idha pana, gahapati, ekacco ‘saṅkiliṭṭhābhā’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā saṅkiliṭṭhābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Idha pana, gahapati, ekacco ‘parisuddhābhā’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parisuddhābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Imā kho, gahapati, catasso bhavūpapattiyo.

Hoti kho so, gahapati, samayo, yā tā devatā ekajjhaṃ sannipatanti, tāsaṃ ekajjhaṃ sannipatitānaṃ vaṇṇanānattañhi kho paññāyati no ca ābhānānattaṃ. Seyyathāpi, gahapati, puriso sambahulāni telappadīpāni ekaṃ gharaṃ paveseyya. Tesaṃ ekaṃ gharaṃ pavesitānaṃ accinānattañhi kho paññāyetha, no ca ābhānānattaṃ; evam eva kho, gahapati, hoti kho so samayo, yā tā devatā ekajjhaṃ sannipatanti tāsaṃ ekajjhaṃ sannipatitānaṃ vaṇṇanānattañhi kho paññāyati, no ca ābhānānattaṃ.

Hoti kho so, gahapati, samayo, yā tā devatā tato vipakkamanti, tāsaṃ tato vipakkamantīnaṃ vaṇṇanānattañ c’eva paññāyati ābhānānattañca. Seyyathāpi, gahapati, puriso tāni sambahulāni telappadīpāni tamhā gharā nīhareyya. Tesaṃ tato nīhatānaṃ accinānattañ c’eva paññāyetha ābhānānattañca; evam eva kho, gahapati, hoti kho so samayo, yā tā devatā tato vipakkamanti, tāsaṃ tato vipakkamantīnaṃ vaṇṇanānattañ c’eva paññāyati ābhānānattañca.

Na kho, gahapati, tāsaṃ devatānaṃ evaṃ hoti: ‘idaṃ amhākaṃ niccanti vā dhuvanti vā sassatanti vā’, api ca yattha yattheva tā devatā abhinivisanti tattha tatth’eva tā devatā abhiramanti. Seyyathāpi, gahapati, makkhikānaṃ kājena vā piṭakena vā harīyamānānaṃ na evaṃ hoti: ‘idaṃ amhākaṃ niccanti vā dhuvanti vā sassatanti vā’, api ca yattha yattheva tā makkhikā abhinivisanti tattha tatth’eva tā makkhikā abhiramanti; evam eva kho, gahapati, tāsaṃ devatānaṃ na evaṃ hoti: ‘idaṃ amhākaṃ niccanti vā dhuvanti vā sassatanti vā’, api ca yattha yattheva tā devatā abhinivisanti tattha tatth’eva tā devatā abhiramantī” ti.

Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā sabhiyo kaccāno āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etad avoca:

“sādhu, bhante anuruddha. Atthi ca me ettha uttariṃ paṭipucchitabbaṃ. Yā tā, bhante, devatā ābhā sabbā tā parittābhā udāhu santettha ekaccā devatā appamāṇābhā” ti?

“Tadaṅgena kho, āvuso Kaccāna, santettha ekaccā devatā parittābhā, santi pan’ettha ekaccā devatā appamāṇābhā” ti.

“Ko nu kho, bhante anuruddha, hetu ko paccayo yena tāsaṃ devatānaṃ ekaṃ devanikāyaṃ upapannānaṃ santettha ekaccā devatā parittābhā, santi pan’ettha ekaccā devatā appamāṇābhā” ti?

“Tena h’āvuso Kaccāna, taṃyevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso Kaccāna, yvāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati, yo cāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā rukkhamūlāni ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ katamā cittabhāvanā mahaggatatarā” ti?

“Yvāyaṃ, bhante, bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā rukkhamūlāni ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—ayaṃ imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ mahaggatatarā” ti.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso Kaccāna, yvāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā rukkhamūlāni ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati, yo cāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ gāmakkhettaṃ ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ katamā cittabhāvanā mahaggatatarā” ti? “Yvāyaṃ, bhante, bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ gāmakkhettaṃ ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—ayaṃ imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ mahaggatatarā” ti. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso Kaccāna, yvāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ gāmakkhettaṃ ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati, yo cāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā gāmakkhettāni ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ katamā cittabhāvanā mahaggatatarā” ti? “Yvāyaṃ, bhante, bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā gāmakkhettāni ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—ayaṃ imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ mahaggatatarā” ti. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso Kaccāna, yvāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā gāmakkhettāni ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati, yo cāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ mahārajjaṃ ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ katamā cittabhāvanā mahaggatatarā” ti? “Yvāyaṃ, bhante, bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ mahārajjaṃ ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—ayaṃ imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ mahaggatatarā” ti. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso Kaccāna, yvāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā ekaṃ mahārajjaṃ ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati, yo cāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā mahārajjāni ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ katamā cittabhāvanā mahaggatatarā” ti? “Yvāyaṃ, bhante, bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā mahārajjāni ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—ayaṃ imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ mahaggatatarā” ti. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso Kaccāna, yvāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā dve vā tīṇi vā mahārajjāni ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati, yo cāyaṃ bhikkhu yāvatā samuddapariyantaṃ pathaviṃ ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ katamā cittabhāvanā mahaggatatarā” ti?

“Yvāyaṃ, bhante, bhikkhu yāvatā samuddapariyantaṃ pathaviṃ ‘mahaggatan’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati—ayaṃ imāsaṃ ubhinnaṃ cittabhāvanānaṃ mahaggatatarā” ti?

“Ayaṃ kho, āvuso Kaccāna, hetu ayaṃ paccayo, yena tāsaṃ devatānaṃ ekaṃ devanikāyaṃ upapannānaṃ santettha ekaccā devatā parittābhā, santi pan’ettha ekaccā devatā appamāṇābhā” ti.

“Sādhu, bhante anuruddha. Atthi ca me ettha uttariṃ paṭipucchitabbaṃ. Yāvatā, bhante, devatā ābhā sabbā tā saṅkiliṭṭhābhā udāhu santettha ekaccā devatā parisuddhābhā” ti?

“Tadaṅgena kho, āvuso Kaccāna, santettha ekaccā devatā saṅkiliṭṭhābhā, santi pan’ettha ekaccā devatā parisuddhābhā” ti.

“Ko nu kho, bhante, anuruddha, hetu ko paccayo, yena tāsaṃ devatānaṃ ekaṃ devanikāyaṃ upapannānaṃ santettha ekaccā devatā saṅkiliṭṭhābhā, santi pan’ettha ekaccā devatā parisuddhābhā” ti?

“Tena h’āvuso Kaccāna, upamaṃ te karissāmi. Upamāyapidh’ekacce viññū purisā bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānanti. Seyyathāpi, āvuso Kaccāna, telappadīpassa jhāyato telampi aparisuddhaṃ vaṭṭipi aparisuddhā. So telassapi aparisuddhattā vaṭṭiyāpi aparisuddhattā andhandhaṃ viya jhāyati; evam eva kho, āvuso Kaccāna, idh’ekacco bhikkhu ‘saṅkiliṭṭhābhā’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati, tassa kāyaduṭṭhullampi na suppaṭippassaddhaṃ hoti, thinamiddhampi na susamūhataṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccampi na suppaṭivinītaṃ hoti. So kāyaduṭṭhullassapi na suppaṭippassaddhattā thinamiddhassapi na susamūhatattā uddhaccakukkuccassapi na suppaṭivinītattā andhandhaṃ viya jhāyati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā saṅkiliṭṭhābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati.

Seyyathāpi, āvuso Kaccāna, telappadīpassa jhāyato telampi parisuddhaṃ vaṭṭipi parisuddhā. So telassapi parisuddhattā vaṭṭiyāpi parisuddhattā na andhandhaṃ viya jhāyati; evam eva kho, āvuso Kaccāna, idh’ekacco bhikkhu ‘parisuddhābhā’ ti pharitvā adhimuccitvā viharati. Tassa kāyaduṭṭhullampi suppaṭippassaddhaṃ hoti, thinamiddhampi susamūhataṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccampi suppaṭivinītaṃ hoti. So kāyaduṭṭhullassapi suppaṭippassaddhattā thinamiddhassapi susamūhatattā uddhaccakukkuccassapi suppaṭivinītattā na andhandhaṃ viya jhāyati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parisuddhābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati.

Ayaṃ kho, āvuso Kaccāna, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yena tāsaṃ devatānaṃ ekaṃ devanikāyaṃ upapannānaṃ santettha ekaccā devatā saṅkiliṭṭhābhā, santi pan’ettha ekaccā devatā parisuddhābhā” ti.

Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā sabhiyo kaccāno āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etad avoca: “sādhu, bhante anuruddha.

Na, bhante, āyasmā Anuruddho evam āha: ‘evaṃ me sutan’ ti vā ‘evaṃ arahati bhavitun’ ti vā; atha ca pana, bhante, āyasmā Anuruddho ‘evampi tā devatā, itipi tā devatā’tveva bhāsati. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti: ‘addhā āyasmatā anuruddhena tāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ sannivutthapubbañ c’eva sallapitapubbañca sākacchā ca samāpajjitapubbā’” ti.

“Addhā kho ayaṃ, āvuso Kaccāna, āsajja upanīya vācā bhāsitā, api ca te ahaṃ byākarissāmi: ‘dīgharattaṃ kho me, āvuso Kaccāna, tāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ sannivutthapubbañ c’eva sallapitapubbañca sākacchā ca samāpajjitapubbā’” ti.

Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā sabhiyo kaccāno pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ etad avoca: “lābhā te, gahapati, suladdhaṃ te, gahapati, yaṃ tvañ c’eva taṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pahāsi, mayañcimaṃ dhammapariyāyaṃ alatthamhā savanāyā” ti.