大迦旃延贤善一夜经

Mahākaccānabhaddekaratta Sutta ^↗

Evaṃ me sutaṃ— ekaṃ samayaṃ Bhagavā Rājagahe viharati tapodārāme.

Atha kho āyasmā samiddhi rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya yena tapodo ten’upasaṅkami gattāni parisiñcituṃ. Tapode gattāni parisiñcitvā paccuttaritvā ekacīvaro aṭṭhāsi gattāni pubbāpayamāno.

Atha kho aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ tapodaṃ obhāsetvā yenāyasmā samiddhi ten’upasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekam antaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekam antaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā āyasmantaṃ samiddhiṃ etad avoca:

“dhāresi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā” ti?

“Na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā” ti?

“Aham pi kho, bhikkhu, na dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Dhāresi pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattiyo gāthā” ti?

“Na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthāti. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā” ti?

“Aham pi kho, bhikkhu na dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthāti. Uggaṇhāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; pariyāpuṇāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; dhārehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Atthasaṃhito, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddeso ca vibhaṅgo ca ādibrahmacariyako” ti.

Idam avoca sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā tatth’evantaradhāyi.

Atha kho āyasmā samiddhi tassā rattiyā accayena yena Bhagavā ten’upasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekam antaṃ nisīdi. Ekam antaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā samiddhi Bhagavantaṃ etad avoca:

“Idhāhaṃ, bhante, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya yena tapodo ten’upasaṅkamiṃ gattāni parisiñcituṃ. Tapode gattāni parisiñcitvā paccuttaritvā ekacīvaro aṭṭhāsiṃ gattāni pubbāpayamāno. Atha kho bhante, aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ tapodaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ ten’upasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekam antaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekam antaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā maṃ etad avoca: ‘dhāresi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā’ ti?

Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, bhante, taṃ devataṃ etad avocaṃ: ‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā’ ti? ‘Aham pi kho, bhikkhu, na dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Dhāresi pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’ ti? ‘Na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthāti. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’ ti? ‘Aham pi kho, bhikkhu, na dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthāti. Uggaṇhāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; pariyāpuṇāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; dhārehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Atthasaṃhito, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddeso ca vibhaṅgo ca ādibrahmacariyako’ ti.

Idam avoca, bhante, sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā tatth’evantaradhāyi. Sādhu me, bhante, Bhagavā bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca desetū” ti.

“Tena hi, bhikkhu, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī” ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante” ti kho āyasmā samiddhi Bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etad avoca:

“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ; Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.

Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati; Asaṃhīraṃ asaṅkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.

Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve; Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.

Evaṃvihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ; Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī” ti.

Idam avoca Bhagavā; idaṃ vatvāna Sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.

Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, acirapakkantassa Bhagavato, etad ahosi: “idaṃ kho no, āvuso, Bhagavā saṅkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho:

‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ; Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.

Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati; Asaṃhīraṃ asaṅkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.

Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve; Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.

Evaṃvihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ; Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’ ti.

Ko nu kho imassa Bhagavatā saṅkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā” ti?

Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etad ahosi:

“ayaṃ kho āyasmā Mahākaccāno Satthu c’eva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ; pahoti cāyasmā Mahākaccāno imassa Bhagavatā saṅkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yannūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā Mahākaccāno ten’upasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ Mahākaccānaṃ etam atthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā” ti.

Atha kho te bhikkhū yenāyasmā Mahākaccāno ten’upasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā Mahākaccānena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekam antaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekam antaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ Mahākaccānaṃ etad avocuṃ: “idaṃ kho no, āvuso Kaccāna, Bhagavā saṅkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho:

‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, …pe… Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’ ti.

Tesaṃ no, āvuso Kaccāna, amhākaṃ, acirapakkantassa Bhagavato, etad ahosi—idaṃ kho no, āvuso, Bhagavā saṅkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho:

‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, …pe… Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’ ti.

Ko nu kho imassa Bhagavatā saṅkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyāti? Tesaṃ no, āvuso Kaccāna, amhākaṃ etad ahosi: ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā Mahākaccāno Satthu c’eva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā Mahākaccāno imassa Bhagavatā saṅkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yannūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā Mahākaccāno ten’upasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ Mahākaccānaṃ etam atthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ ti. Vibhajat’āyasmā Mahākaccāno” ti.

“Seyyathāpi, āvuso, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkamm’eva mūlaṃ atikkamma khandhaṃ sākhāpalāse sāraṃ pariyesitabbaṃ maññeyya; evaṃ sampadam idaṃ āyasmantānaṃ Satthari sammukhībhūte taṃ Bhagavantaṃ atisitvā amhe etam atthaṃ paṭipucchitabbaṃ maññatha. So h’āvuso, Bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati, cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī Tathāgato. So c’eva pan’etassa kālo ahosi yaṃ Bhagavantaṃ yeva etam atthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, yathā vo Bhagavā byākareyya tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā” ti.

“Addh’āvuso Kaccāna, Bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati, cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī Tathāgato. So c’eva pan’etassa kālo ahosi yaṃ Bhagavantaṃ yeva etam atthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāma; yathā no Bhagavā byākareyya tathā naṃ dhāreyyāma. Api cāyasmā Mahākaccāno Satthu c’eva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ; pahoti cāyasmā Mahākaccāno imassa Bhagavatā saṅkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Vibhajat’āyasmā Mahākaccāno agaruṃ karitvā” ti.

“Tena h’āvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī” ti.

“Evam āvuso” ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato Mahākaccānassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā Mahākaccāno etad avoca:

“Yaṃ kho no, āvuso, Bhagavā saṅkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho:

‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, …pe… Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’ ti.

Imassa kho ahaṃ, āvuso, Bhagavatā saṅkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi— Kathañ ca, āvuso, atītaṃ anvāgameti? Iti me cakkhu ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti rūpāti—tattha chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto atītaṃ anvāgameti.

Iti me sotaṃ ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti saddāti …pe… iti me ghānaṃ ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti gandhāti … iti me jivhā ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti rasāti … iti me kāyo ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti phoṭṭhabbāti … iti me mano ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti dhammāti—tattha chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto atītaṃ anvāgameti—evaṃ kho, āvuso, atītaṃ anvāgameti.

Kathañ ca, āvuso, atītaṃ nānvāgameti? Iti me cakkhu ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti rūpāti—tattha na chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, na chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto atītaṃ nānvāgameti.

Iti me sotaṃ ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti saddāti …pe… iti me ghānaṃ ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti gandhāti … iti me jivhā ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti rasāti … iti me kāyo ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti phoṭṭhabbāti … iti me mano ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti dhammāti—tattha na chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, na chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa, na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto atītaṃ nānvāgameti—evaṃ kho, āvuso, atītaṃ nānvāgameti.

Kathañ ca, āvuso, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati? Iti me cakkhu siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti rūpāti—appaṭiladdhassa paṭilābhāya cittaṃ paṇidahati, cetaso paṇidhānapaccayā tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati. Iti me sotaṃ siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti saddāti …pe… iti me ghānaṃ siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti gandhāti … iti me jivhā siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti rasāti … iti me kāyo siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti phoṭṭhabbāti … iti me mano siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti dhammāti—appaṭiladdhassa paṭilābhāya cittaṃ paṇidahati, cetaso paṇidhānapaccayā tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati—evaṃ kho, āvuso, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati.

Kathañ ca, āvuso, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati? Iti me cakkhu siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti rūpāti—appaṭiladdhassa paṭilābhāya cittaṃ nappaṇidahati, cetaso appaṇidhānapaccayā na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati. Iti me sotaṃ siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti saddāti …pe… iti me ghānaṃ siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti gandhāti … iti me jivhā siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti rasāti … iti me kāyo siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti phoṭṭhabbāti … iti me mano siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti dhammāti—appaṭiladdhassa paṭilābhāya cittaṃ nappaṇidahati, cetaso appaṇidhānapaccayā na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati—evaṃ kho, āvuso, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati.

Kathañ ca, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati? Yañc’āvuso, cakkhu ye ca rūpā—ubhayam etaṃ paccuppannaṃ. Tasmiñce paccuppanne chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati. Yañc’āvuso, sotaṃ ye ca saddā …pe… yañc’āvuso, ghānaṃ ye ca gandhā … yā c’āvuso, jivhā ye ca rasā … yo c’āvuso, kāyo ye ca phoṭṭhabbā … yo c’āvuso, mano ye ca dhammā—ubhayam etaṃ paccuppannaṃ. Tasmiñce paccuppanne chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati—evaṃ kho, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati.

Kathañ ca, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati? Yañc’āvuso, cakkhu ye ca rūpā—ubhayam etaṃ paccuppannaṃ. Tasmiñce paccuppanne na chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, na chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati. Yañc’āvuso, sotaṃ ye ca saddā …pe… yañc’āvuso, ghānaṃ ye ca gandhā … yā c’āvuso, jivhā ye ca rasā … yo c’āvuso, kāyo ye ca phoṭṭhabbā … yo c’āvuso, mano ye ca dhammā—ubhayam etaṃ paccuppannaṃ. Tasmiñce paccuppanne na chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, na chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati—evaṃ kho, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati.

Yaṃ kho no, āvuso, Bhagavā saṅkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho:

‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, …pe… Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’ ti.

Imassa kho ahaṃ, āvuso, Bhagavatā saṅkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Ākaṅkhamānā ca pana tumhe āyasmanto Bhagavantaṃ yeva upasaṅkamitvā etam atthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, yathā vo Bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā” ti.

Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmato Mahākaccānassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena Bhagavā ten’upasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekam antaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekam antaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū Bhagavantaṃ etad avocuṃ: “yaṃ kho no, bhante, Bhagavā saṅkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho:

‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, …pe… Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’ ti.

Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ, acirapakkantassa Bhagavato, etad ahosi: ‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, Bhagavā saṅkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho:

“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ; Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.

Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati; Asaṃhīraṃ asaṅkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.

Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve; Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.

Evaṃvihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ; Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī” ti.

Ko nu kho imassa Bhagavatā saṅkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā’ ti? Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ etad ahosi: ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā Mahākaccāno Satthu c’eva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā Mahākaccāno imassa Bhagavatā saṅkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yannūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā Mahākaccāno ten’upasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ Mahākaccānaṃ etam atthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ ti. Atha kho mayaṃ, bhante, yenāyasmā Mahākaccāno ten’upasaṅkamimha; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ Mahākaccānaṃ etam atthaṃ paṭipucchimha. Tesaṃ no, bhante, āyasmatā Mahākaccānena imehi ākārehi imehi padehi imehi byañjanehi attho vibhatto” ti.

“Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, Mahākaccāno; mahāpañño, bhikkhave Mahākaccāno. Mañ ce pi tumhe, bhikkhave, etam atthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, aham pi taṃ evam evaṃ byākareyyaṃ yathā taṃ Mahākaccānena byākataṃ. Eso c’ev’etassa attho. Evañ ca naṃ dhārethā” ti.

Idam avoca Bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū Bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandun ti.