分别经

Vibhaṅga Sutta ^↗

住舍卫国⋯⋯

Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe…

「诸比丘！我将对你们开示、分别缘起。汝等谛听，善加作意，我将说法。」「唯然，尊者！」诸比丘答世尊。

“Paṭiccasamuppādaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi vibhajissāmi. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī” ti. “Evaṃ, bhante” ti kho te bhikkhū Bhagavato paccassosuṃ.

世尊说：「诸比丘！什么是缘起？诸比丘！由无明为缘而有诸行，由行为缘而有识，由识为缘而有名色，由名色为缘而有六入处，由六入处为缘而有触，由触为缘而有受，由受为缘而有爱，由爱为缘而有取，由取为缘而有有，由有为缘而有生，由生为缘而老死、忧悲苦恼愁生起。如是而有这全部苦蕴的集起。

Bhagavā etad avoca: “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo? Avijjāpaccayā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ; viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ; nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ; saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso; phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā; taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evam etassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.

「诸比丘！什么是老死？在种种有情的种种有情属类中，老、衰老、齿落、发白、皮皱、寿损、根熟，这被称为老。从种种有情的种种有情属类中，逝、没、断、灭、终、死、时至、诸蕴分离、尸身被弃，这被称为死。如是此老与此死，诸比丘！被称为老死。

Katamañ ca, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko; ayaṃ vuccati jarā. Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo, idaṃ vuccati maraṇaṃ. Iti ayañ ca jarā, idañ ca maraṇaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ.

「诸比丘！什么是生？在种种有情的种种有情属类中，生、产生、入胎、转生、诸蕴之显现、诸入处之获得，诸比丘！这被称为生。

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.

「诸比丘！什么是有？诸比丘！有三有：欲有、色有、无色有，诸比丘！这被称为有。

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, bhavo? Tayo’me, bhikkhave, bhavā— kāmabhavo, rūpabhavo, arūpabhavo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhavo.

「诸比丘！什么是取？诸比丘！有四取：欲取、见取、戒禁取、我语取，诸比丘！这被称为取。

Katamañca, bhikkhave, upādānaṃ? Cattār’imāni, bhikkhave, upādānāni— kāmupādānaṃ, diṭṭhupādānaṃ, sīlabbatupādānaṃ, attavādupādānaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, upādānaṃ.

「诸比丘！什么是爱？诸比丘！有六类爱：色爱、声爱、香爱、味爱、触爱、法爱，诸比丘！这被称为爱。

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, taṇhā? Cha yime, bhikkhave, taṇhākāyā— rūpataṇhā, saddataṇhā, gandhataṇhā, rasataṇhā, phoṭṭhabbataṇhā, dhammataṇhā, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, taṇhā.

「诸比丘！什么是受？诸比丘！有六类受：眼触生受、耳触生受、鼻触生受、舌触生受、身触生受、意触生受，诸比丘！这被称为受。

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, vedanā? Cha yime, bhikkhave, vedanākāyā— cakkhusamphassajā vedanā, sotasamphassajā vedanā, ghānasamphassajā vedanā, jivhāsamphassajā vedanā, kāyasamphassajā vedanā, manosamphassajā vedanā, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, vedanā.

「诸比丘！什么是触？诸比丘！有六类触：眼触、耳触、鼻触、舌触、身触、意触，诸比丘！这被称为触。

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, phasso? Cha yime, bhikkhave, phassakāyā— cakkhusamphasso, sotasamphasso, ghānasamphasso, jivhāsamphasso, kāyasamphasso, manosamphasso, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, phasso.

「诸比丘！什么是六入处？眼入处、耳入处、鼻入处、舌入处、身入处、意入处，诸比丘！这被称为六入处。

Katamañ ca, bhikkhave, saḷāyatanaṃ? Cakkhāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, saḷāyatanaṃ.

「诸比丘！什么是名色？受、想、思、触、作意，这被称为名。四大种及四大种之所生色，这被称为色。如是此名及此色，诸比丘！被称为名色。

Katamañ ca, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṃ? Vedanā, saññā, cetanā, phasso, manasikāro, idaṃ vuccati nāmaṃ. Cattāro ca mahābhūtā, catunnañ ca mahābhūtānaṃ upādāyarūpaṃ, idaṃ vuccati rūpaṃ. Iti idañ ca nāmaṃ, idañ ca rūpaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṃ.

「诸比丘！什么是识？诸比丘！有六类识：眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识、意识，诸比丘！这被称为识。

Katamañ ca, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ? Cha yime, bhikkhave, viññāṇakāyā— cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, sotaviññāṇaṃ, ghānaviññāṇaṃ, jivhāviññāṇaṃ, kāyaviññāṇaṃ, manoviññāṇaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ.

「诸比丘！什么是诸行？诸比丘！有三行：身行、语行、心行，诸比丘！这被称为诸行。

Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā? Tayo’me, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā— kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāro, ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā.

「诸比丘！什么是无明？诸比丘！于苦不知，于苦之集不知，于苦之灭不知，于趣向苦灭之行道不知，诸比丘！这被称为无明。

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, avijjā? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dukkhe aññāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye aññāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe aññāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya aññāṇaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, avijjā.

「如是，诸比丘！由无明为缘而有诸行，由行为缘而有识⋯⋯如是而有这全部苦蕴的集起。然而，由无明的无余离贪、灭而有行灭，由行灭而有识灭⋯⋯如是而有这全部苦蕴的灭。」

Iti kho, bhikkhave, avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā; saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ …pe… evam etassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Avijjāya tv eva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho …pe… evam etassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī” ti.